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Pavement Management
Systems
Pavement Preservation
Pavement Rehabilitation
OverviewDr. Nick Vitillo
Statewide total: 37,595 centerline miles
NJ Road Network Mileage & Percentages
Pavement Engineering
Pavement Materials Classification, quality assurance testing (specifications), material design
Pavement Design Design of Structural layers for New Pavements and Pavement RehabilitationAssess in-situ pavement material properties and layer thickness
Pavement Construction
Construction practices of New Pavements and Pavement Rehabilitation including specification development and quality assurance
Pavement Management
Monitoring Post-construction condition, timing preventive preservation and rehabilitation treatments, and economic analysis of alternatives
Pavement Research Research to improve all of the above
PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMOverview
DEFINITIONS
PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
"Pavement Management is a program for improving the quality and performance of pavements and minimizing costs through good management practices"
DEFINITIONS
PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
"A Pavement Management System is a set of defined procedures for collecting, analyzing, maintaining, and reporting pavement data, to assist the decision makers in finding optimum strategies for maintaining pavements in serviceable condition over a given period of time for the least cost.“
A Pavement Management System (PMS) is designed to provide objective information and useful data for analysis so that road managers can make more consistent, cost-effective, and defensible decisions related to the preservation of a pavement network.
While a PMS cannot make final decisions, it can provide the basis for an informed understanding of the possible consequences of alternative decisions.
A PMS does NOT make decisions, Managers DO!
PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMOverview
Pavements deteriorate over time due to traffic/use, environment, and aging
Poor road conditions increase vehicle owner costs $325–$700 annually (vehicle damage, tire wear, etc.)
National average is $333 per motorist totaling $67 billion per year
Poor road conditions are a contributing factor in many roadway accidents
According to some studies as much as 30% of crashes each year)
Good roads cost less… if maintained at a reasonable level of service if they receive proper preventative maintenance
Importance of Pavement Management
Preserving roads in good condition is key to maintaining the health of the State’s Pavement Network.
PMS LEVELS
NETWORKBIRD’S EYE VIEW OF NETWORK PAVEMENTS AS A WHOLE.STATEWIDE PAVEMENT CONDITION SUMMARYBUDGET ESTIMATEPERFORMANCE PREDICTION
• Establish network budget requirements• Allocate funds to network priorities• Schedule MR&R actions
PMS LEVELS
PROJECT
ASSIST DESIGNERS IN CONSTRUCTING, MAINTAINING, ORREHABILITATING A SECTION OF ROADWAYPAVEMENT PRESERVATIONRESURFACING OR RECONSTRUCTIONTREATMENTS OPTIONS ALONG THE PROJECT
Primary objective is to provide information for specific pavement segments:
• Preferred Maintenance Rehabilitation & Reconstruction MR&R for each project• MR&R costs• Expected MR&R performance.
CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
$
Sophistication
Data Collection
Analyses
Equipment
Maintenance
PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Sophistication
St Info
St Nodes Age
Main BirchOak
8
Jones Main 3
Maps
Cards
Spreadsheets Computer Databases
Choosing What’s Right for YOU
PMS SUBSYSTEMS-PMS DATA
InventoryCondition - Pavement EvaluationHistory – Initial, Pavement Preservation, Routine Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and ReconstructionTraffic Costs
-MODELING - ANALYSISServiceability RatingPerformance Predictions Economic Analyses-Budgeting / Programming
-DATA MANAGEMENT Relational Databases Report Generation
PMS DATA
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Support for PMS
Where are we Toto?
We’re not in Kansas anymore!!!
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Linear Reference Systems
Mile Point
Mile Post
Reference Point
Reference Post
Link Node
Spatial Reference
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
MILE POSTS
START MP 0.0
MP 1.0
MP3.0
MP 5.0
MP7.0
0.0 2.5 4.5 5.75 7.25
MilePosts
1 2 3 4 5 6 70
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
MILE POSTS
START MP 0.0
MP 1.0
MP3.0
MP 5.0
MP7.0
Primary Direction
Secondary Direction
North & East
South & West
Length of Route in Primary Direction may be different than that in the Secondary Direction.
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
MILE POSTS
START MP 0.0
MP 1.0
MP3.0
MP 5.0
MP7.0
Over the Road Miles
REFERENCE SYSTEMSLINK-NODE
NODE 121NODE 231LINK 121-231
RT 521
RT 611
RT 713
A +0.0
ReferencePoint
A
B +0.0 C +0.0 C +1.25 D +0.0
1.25
B C D
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
STATE COORDINATE
SYSTEM - (GPS/GIS)
LONG
LAT
LONG
LAT
LONG
LAT
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Satellites send radio signal. Receiver uses ‘velocity *
travel-time to calculate location.
Satellite 2
Satellite 3
Satellite 1
Circle of influence
Location
Triangulation
DATA COLLECTION
PMS DATA COLLECTION
DATA TYPES
INVENTORY,
PAVEMENT CONDITION
TRAFFIC/LOADS,
COSTS - Construction, Pavement Preservation, Routine Maintenance, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction
HISTORY – Initial Construction, Pavement Preservation, Routine Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
(Last Treatment)
Example Inventory Data
Route Number Route Type (Interstate, US, NJ) Functional Class Length Divided/Undivided Route Section Pavement Type Number of Lanes and Widths Shoulder Type and Width County Legislative District
PMS DATA COLLECTION
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION
PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS or RIDE QUALITY
SURFACE DISTRESS
RUTTING
SKID RESISTANCE
STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
Need for Annual Condition SurveysRide Quality, Surface Distress, Rutting, Friction
Evaluating current condition of pavement
Determining rates of deterioration Project future conditions to determe
current and future maintenance & rehabilitation needs
Determining future cost of repairs
Pavement Condition Survey Equipment
Profiler
roughness, distress, rutting, noise,
pavement cracking
FWD
Skid Trailer
Pavement friction
GPR
Layer Thickness
Structural Capacity
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION
SURFACE DISTRESS
DATA COLLECTION
CONTINUOUS - WINDSHIELD SURVEY(COMPUTER RATER KEYBOARD, and VIDEO)
DESCRIPTION
TYPE OF DISTRESS (Cracking, Patching, Rutting)SEVERITY (Crack Width, Condition Assessment)EXTENT (Percentage of the Pavement Length)
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION
SURFACE DISTRESS
LOAD ASSOCIATED vs. Non-LOAD ASSOCIATED LOCATION
12 ft
1.75 ft 2.5 ft 2.5 ft3.5 ft 1.75 ft
Wheel path Wheel path
Network Level PMS “Slow” lane in each direction – 4600 directional miles
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS
BITUMINOUS/COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS
*
CRACKINGMULTIPLE LOGITUDINALTRANSVERSE
*
***
*
SURFACE DEFORMATIONRUTTING*
MISCELLANEOUSSHOULDER CONDITIONPATCH CONDITION
NDI LDI
CRACKINGMULTIPLE
Observation of condition in the other lanes
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS
*
CRACKINGFATIGUEBLOCKEDGELOGITUDINALTRANSVERSEREFLECTIONPATCH AND PATCH CONDITIONPOTHOLES
*
***
*
SURFACE DEFORMATIONRUTTINGSHOVING
*
SURFACE DEFECTSBLEEDINGWATER BLEEDING AND PUMPINGPOLISH AGGREGATESRAVELING
MISCELLANEOUSSHOULDER CONDITION
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS
CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
CRACKINGCORNER BREAKSDURABILITY ("D" CRACKING)LOGITUDINALTRANSVERSE
*
*
SURFACE DEFECTSMAP CRACKINGSCALINGPOPOUTSPOLISH AGGREGATES
JOINT DEFECTSJOINT SEAL DAMAGESPALLING OF LOGITUDINAL/TRANSVERSE JOINTS
*
MISCELLANEOUSBLOWUPS FAULTING OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS AND CRACKSLANE-TO-SHOULDER DROPOFF OR SEPARATIONLANE-TO-LANE SEPARATIONPATCH/PATCH DETERIORATIONWATER BLEEDING AND PUMPING
*
*
*
*
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION
ROAD ROUGHNESS
"ROAD ROUGHNESS IS THE IRREGULARITIES IN THE PAVEMENT SURFACE AFFECTING USER COMFORT AND SAFETY”
DUE TO VARIATIONS IN HORIZONTAL, VERITICAL, AND TRANSVERSE PROFILES
RIDE QUALITY - USER PERCEPTION OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS
3-5 Point Measurement
Rut DepthD D
D
2 312
D2D
1D3
RUT DEPTH MEASUREMENT
WPL WPR
RD
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION
SKID RESISTANCESAFETY
DESCRIPTIONASSESSMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF THE PAVEMENT SURFACE (BASED ON SPEED)
DATA COLLECTIONCONTINUOUS - ASTM E274 (LOCK WHEEL) SKID TRAILER
PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION
STRUCTURAL LOAD CAPACITYProject Level PMS
DESCRIPTIONASSESSMENT OF THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
DATA COLLECTIONDESTRUCTIVE - CORING/BORINGS/LAB TESTS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST – FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER (FWD)CONCRETE JOINT LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCYGROUND PENETRATING RADAR
PMSCONCEPTS AND THEORIES
Performance Analyses
Condition SurveysRide Quality, Surface Distress, Rutting
Pavement Indices
Pavement Wheel Path Profile
Ride Quality IndexIRI
Pavement Surface Distresses
Surface Distress Index
Rutting Average Pavement Rut Depth
Structural CapacityDeflections
Structural Capacity Index
Converts collected data to single value
Need for Condition SurveysRide Quality Index
Measure Pavement Wheel Path Profile(s) to assess Pavement Ride Quality
Convert Pavement Wheel Path Profile (L&R) to Pavement Ride Quality Indices (IRI)
0.1 mile
IRI
Pavement Distress Survey
Type of distress (Cracking, Patching, etc) Severity (width of cracks, condition of the
patch, etc.)
Extent - Quantity of distress present on the pavement (percentage of length)
Distress Identification Manual
for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
http://www.tfhrc.gov/pavement/ltpp/reports/03031/index.htm
NJDOT Version
Pavement Models
Pavement Performance Model Example
Remaining Service Life
ANALYSESPERFORMACE PREDICTION
MIN. ACCEPTABLE
STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
AGE (YEARS)
DESIGN PERIOD
MAX. ACCEPTABLE
DISTRESS
MIN. ACCEPTABLE
SKID RESISTANCE
RIDE QUALITY
MIN. ACCEPTABLE
PMSCONCEPTS AND THEORIES
Economics Analyses
Reporting
ANALYSES
ECONOMIC ANALYSES
- RANKING - SINGLE YEAR COST SUMMARYMULTI YEAR PROGRAMMING - COST PROJECTIONSOPTIMIZATION
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSISP&E, CONST, ANNUAL MAINT, REHAB, SALVAGENET PRESENT WORTH OR EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ANNUAL COSTSDISCOUNT RATE = INTEREST - INFLATION RATE
-
-
-
-
Homogeneous Analysis Sections Change in pavement type Change in pavement structure Change in traffic Volume Political boundaries
Change in pavement condition (Dynamic) Construction Project limits
Decide the overall condition, timing, costs, and treatment type
Sophistication
Ranking
Prioritization
Optimization
Increasing Level of
Sophistication
Time
Cond
ition
Pavement RehabilitationPavement Rehabilitation
Pavement PreservationPavement Preservation
Pavement ReconstructionPavement Reconstruction
Do NothingDo Nothing
Deterioration over time and cost to repair
Effect of Treatment Timing on Costs
$20.0020.00/sq yd$20.0020.00/sq yd
< $2.002.00/sq yd< $2.002.00/sq yd
$80.00/sq yd$80.00/sq yd
NewNew
GoodGood
FairFair
PoorPoor
V. PoorV. Poor
Treatment Types and Costs
Preservation TreatmentsPreservation Treatments Cost Per Lane Cost Per Lane MileMile
Slurry seals $14,080
Micro surfacing $17,600
High-performance thin overlays $45,760
Rehabilitation TreatmentsRehabilitation TreatmentsCost Per Lane Cost Per Lane
MileMile
Minor (functional): mill 2 in. and overlay 2 in. $107,430
Major (structural rehab): mill 2 in. and overlay >2 in. $154,106
ReconstructionReconstructionCost Per Lane Cost Per Lane
MileMile
Partial $422,400
Full $689,920
Treatment Types and Costs
You never have enough fish!
Treatment Options in MYP
Treatment
Age or Traffic Loads
Pa
vem
ent
Co
nd
itio
n In
de
x
Performance Prediction Model
Benefit or Effectiveness
(Area under the curve)
Predicted Performance
Trigger Limit
Marginal Cost Effectiveness
Incremental Benefit/Cost Ratio
Condition
Increase
Life
Extension
Policy Decisions can be based on the average projected condition at given budget levels for a single asset or for the entire networkNetwork Performance Budget Scenarios Do nothing Spend $100 million Spend $300 million
Example Network Performance Scenario
Good
Poor
Decision Trees
AsphaltPavement
>4
= 4 or below
Condition
Load-AssociatedStructural Deterioration
Not Present
Present
StructuralOverlay
FunctionalOverlay
Preventive Maintenance
Treatment Selection
Pavement Condition Index
PMS DATABASES
COMPUTERIZED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)
INTEGRATED RELATIONAL DATABASES
PMS COORDINATED DATABASES
COMPUTERIZED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)
INTEGRATED RELATIONAL DATABASES
INVENTORY - RT NUMBER, FUNCTIONAL CLASS, PAVEMENT TYPE, etc.CONDITION - RIDE QUALITY, DISTRESS, FRICTION, DEFLECTIONCOSTSHISTORYTRAFFIC / LOADS
PMS DATABASESDATABASE PRODUCTS/REPORTS
[TABULAR, BUSINESS GRAPHICS, GIS MAP, Video]
Section Year Cost
32 2006 $100,000
47 2008 $237,999
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
EastWestNorth
Data Storage
Terabyte Mountain
1 Terabyte = 1,024 Gigabytes
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION
ROLE OF MANAGEMENT - STRATEGIC PLANNING OR DECISION TOOL FOR UPPER MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING TOOL FOR TECHNICAL DECISION-MAKERS
DEVELOPMENT STEPS --
1. BEGIN COORDINATION THROUGH DOT, MPO, TOLL AUTHORITY2. ORGANIZE TASK FORCE3. APPOINT PMS STAFF4. PMS SYSTEM SELECTION OR DEVELOPMENT5. DEMONSTRATION OF PILOT PMS6. FULL SCALE IMPLEMENTATION, DOCUMENTATION,
AND TRAINING7. FOLLOW UP - FEEDBACK, IMPROVEMENTS, MODIFICATIONS
Barriers to Implementation
People Issues and Barriers
Turf protection
Fear of exposure to past or current practices
Place of development (planning, engineering,
Resistance to change
FEEDBACK LOOP
Review treatments and trigger levels with actual data
Use actual case studies and output from several PMS optimization runs
Confirm modifications
Feedback on Treatments & Triggers
Pavement Performance Models
Treatments
Treatment Trigger Levels
Treatment Costs
User Cost Models
Data Quality Use Cost
Feedback Plan
Quality control of inventory/condition data essential
Feedback loop on data quality regular part of PMS process
Periodically raise and answer questions of cost, quantity, and use of data
Feedback on Data Quality Use Cost
From statewide to municipal level, a PMS can improve decision making
CAIT is currently helping the following groups develop or improve their PMS:
NJDOT
Mercer County
Howell Township
Rutgers University
PMS
Useful
at
Any
Level
Applying the Applying the right pavement right pavement preservationpreservation treatments treatments toto the the right road right road at the at the right timeright time
Pavement Preservation
Time
Cond
ition
Pavement RehabilitationPavement Rehabilitation
Pavement PreservationPavement Preservation
Pavement ReconstructionPavement Reconstruction
Do NothingDo Nothing
Deterioration over time and cost to repair
Effect of Treatment Timing on Costs
$20.0020.00/sq yd$20.0020.00/sq yd
< $2.002.00/sq yd< $2.002.00/sq yd
$80.00/sq yd$80.00/sq yd
NewNew
GoodGood
FairFair
PoorPoor
V. PoorV. Poor
Crack Sealing
Surface Seals
Chip Seals
Microsurfacing
High Performance Thin Overlays
In-Place Recycling
Pavement Preservation Treatments
Pavement Preservation Treatments
Used to
• Seal pavement cracks to keep moisture out of the pavement
• Fill pavement ruts
• Improve pavement surface friction
Applying the Applying the right Pavement right Pavement Rehabilitation TreatmentRehabilitation Treatment toto the the right road right road at the at the right timeright time
Pavement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Time
Cond
ition
Pavement RehabilitationPavement Rehabilitation
Pavement PreservationPavement Preservation
Pavement ReconstructionPavement Reconstruction
Do NothingDo Nothing
Deterioration over time and cost to repair
Effect of Treatment Timing on Costs
$20.0020.00/sq yd$20.0020.00/sq yd
< $2.002.00/sq yd< $2.002.00/sq yd
$80.00/sq yd$80.00/sq yd
NewNew
GoodGood
FairFair
PoorPoor
V. PoorV. Poor
Pavement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Treatments
Used to
• Seal pavement cracks to keep moisture out of the pavement
• Fill pavement ruts
• Improve pavement surface friction
•Restore pavement ride quality
•Enhance pavement structural capacity
Requires detailed pavement evaluation and design
Questions?
cait.rutgers.edu/prp