HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE FORMULA, Hidrostatik Test Basn Forml

HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE FORMULAP = 20 x k x s x t / D (bar)P = internal unites pressure (bar)

S = minimum yield strength (MPa)

D = outside diameter of pipe (mm)

t = wall thickness of pipe (mm)

k = the percentage of yield strength included in the calculation

k values acc. to API 5L For Grade A and B

k=0,60

For Grade X42-X80

Outside diameter 20 inch

k=0,90

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DESIGN PRESSURE AND WALL THICKNESS

Pdesign = 2 x S x t x F x L x J x T / D (CSA Z662-03)Pdesign = 2 x S x t x F x J x T / D (ASME B31.8)Pdesign = 2 x S x t x F x J / D (ASME B31.4)Pdesign = pipeline design pressure (psi)

S = minimum yield strength (psi)

D = pipeline outside diameter of pipe (inches)

t = wall thickness of pipe (inches)

F = design factor

L = location factor

J = longitudinal joint factor

T = temperature derating factor

CSA = The Canadian Standards AssociationASME = American National Standard Institute The design factor (F) Gas

Application

CSA Z662-03ASME B31.8-B31.4

F x LF

Class1Class2Class3Class4Class1Class2Class3Class4

General0,800,720,560,440,800,600,500,40

Roads0,600,500,500,400,600,500,500,40

Railways, 0,500,500,500,400,600,500,500,40

Station0,500,500,500,400,500,500,500,40

The location factor (L)

ClassAreaGeneralCSAASME

Class 1TerkedilmiL=1,00L=0,80L=0,72

Class 2dizayn faktrL=0,90L=0,72L=0,60

Class 3ehirL=0,70L=0,56L=0,50

Class 4ehir (youn nfuslu)L=0,55L=0,44L=0,40

The longitudinal joint factor (J)

Pipe TypeCSA Z662-03ASME B31.8

ASME B31.4

Seamless1,001,00

Electric Welded1,001,00

Submerged arc Welded1,001,00

Spiral Welded1,000,80

Butt Welded0,600,60

Temperature derating factor (T)

Temperature

(C)CSA Z662-03 ASME B31.8ASME B31.4

>1201,00

1500,97

1800,93

2000,91

1300,87

>301,00

2 3/8 and 20, seamless % 1.00

> 20 ve < 36, welded+ %0.75, - % 0.25

> 36, welded+ in. - 1/8 in. (+ 6.35 mm, - 3.20 mm)

a In the case of pipe hydrostatically tested to pressures in excess of standard test pressures, other tolerances may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser

TOLERANCE FOR DIAMETER AT PIPE ENDS FOR API 5LSize

Minus Tolerance

Plus Tolerance

End-to-End Tolerance Out-of-Roundness

Diameter, Axis Tolerance (Percent of Specified OD)a

Maximum Differential Between Minimum and Maximum Diameters (Applies Only to Pipe With D/t 75)

10 ve 20 ve 421/32 (0.79 mm)3/32 (2.38 mm)b 1 %< 0.625 in. (15.9 mm)

a Out-of-roundness tolerances apply to maximum and minimum diameters as measured with a bar gage, caliper, or device measuring actual maximum and minimum diameters.

b The average diameter (as measured with a diameter tape) of one end of pipe shall not differ by more than 3/32 in. (2.38 mm) from that of the other end.

TOLERANCES FOR WALL THICKNESS FOR API 5LSize

Type of Pipe

Tolerancea (Percent of Specified Wall Thickness)

Grade B or Lower Grade X42 or Higher

< 2 7/8All+ 20.0, - 12.5+ 15.0, - 12.5

> 2 7/8 ve 20Welded+ 17.5, - 12.5+ 19.5, - 8.0

> 20Seamless+ 15.0, - 12.5+ 17.5, - 10.0

a Where negative tolerances smaller than those listed are specified by the purchaser, the positive tolerance shall be increased to the applicable total tolerance range in percent less the wall thickness negative tolerance.

EN 10025:2004 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR FLAT AND LONG PRODUCTSDesignation,

DeoxidationOld Standard SubgroupMinimum Yield Strength ReH in N/mmTensile Strength Rm in N/mm

EN 10027-1EN 10027-2EN 10025

(1993)DIN 17006Nominal Thickness mmNominal Thickness mm

and16>16>40>63>80>100>150>200100>150

ECISS 10406380100150200250100150250

S235JR1.0038FNS235JRG2St 37-2BS235225215215215195185175360-510360-510350-500340-490

S235JO1.0114FNS235JOSt 37-3QS235225215215215195185175360-510360-510350-500340-490

S235J21.0117FFS235J2G3/G4QS235225215215215195185175360-510360-510350-500340-490

S275JR1.0044FNS275JRG2St 44-2BS275265255245235225215205430-580410-580400-540380-540

S275JO1.0143FNS275JOSt 44-3QS275265255245235225215205430-580410-580400-540380-540

S275J21.0145FFS275J2 G3/G4QS275265255245235225215205430-580410-580400-540380-540

S355JR1.0045FNS355JRBS355345335325315295285275510-680470-630450-600450-600

S355JO1.0553FNS355JOSt 52-3QS355345335325315295285275510-680470-630450-600450-600

S355J21.0577FFS355J2G3/G4QS355345335325315295285275510-680470-630450-600450-600

S355K21.0596FFS355K2G3/G4QS355345335325315295285275510-680470-630450-600450-600

S450JO1.0590QSQSBS295285275265255255245225490-660550-720450-600450-600

Impact Energy, Test Temperature,

27J40 J60 JC

JRKRLR+ 20

JOKOLO0

J2K2L2- 20

EN 10025 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCT ANALYSIS FOR FLAT AND LONG PRODUCTS,

Designation,

DeoxidationSubgroupC in % max. for nominal thickness in mmSi % maxMn % maxP % maxS % maxN % maxCu % max

EN 10027-1EN 10027-2

and16>16>40

ECISS 1040

S235JR1.0038FNBS0.190.190.231.500.0450.0450.0140.60

S235JO1.0114FNQS0.190.190.191.500.0400.0400.0140.60

S235J21.0117FFQS0.190.190.191.500.0350.035--

S275 JR1.0044FNBS0.240.240.251.600.0450.0450.0140.60

S275 JO1.0143FNQS0.210.210.211.600.0400.0400.0140.60

S275 J21.0145FFQS0.210.210.211.600.0350.035-0.60

S355JR1.0045FNBS0.270.270.270.601.700.0450.0450.0140.60

S355JO1.0553FNQS0.230.230.240.601.700.0400.0400.0140.60

S355J21.0577FFQS0.230.230.240.601.700.0350.0350.60

S355K21.0596FFQS0.230.230.240.601.700.0350.035-

S450JO1.0590FFQS0.230.230.240.601.600.0400.0400.0270.60

EN 10217-1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR STEEL PIPESDesignationEN 10027-2Max. Yield Strength ReH in MPaTensile Strength Rm in MPaElongationImpact Strength,

Nominal Thickness,Nominal Thickness,

16>16 2

Medium (G)Medium (S)2 Segment > 3

Coarse (G)Coarse (S)3 Segment > 4

Further detailed information relating to surface preparation may be obtained from the relevant specifications listed as follows:

1. International Standard ISO 8501-1:1988 Specification for rust grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coating (BS 7079:Part A1:1994).

2. International Standard ISO 8503-2:1988 Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive blast-cleaned steel. Comparator Procedure (BS 7079:Part C2:1989).

3. Swedish Standard SIS O5 59 00 (1967) - Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting Steel Surfaces

4. Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Volume 2 Systems & Specifications.

ISO 11124-3 SIZE GRADING FOR STEEL GRIT

Product Size (mm) % : min & max cumulative percentages allowed on corresponding sieves

G120%80%min90%min

1.7 -2.4

G140%80%min90%min

1.4 -2.0

G160%75%min85%min

1.2 -1.7

G180%75%min85%min

1.0 -1.4

G250%70%min80%min

0.71 -1.2

G400%70%min80%min

0.42 -1.0

G500%65%min75%min

0.3 -0.71

G800%65%min75%min

0.18 -0.42

SAE Sieve No 7810121416182025303540455080120

Aperture 2.802.362.00 1.701.401.181.00 0.85 0.71 0.60 0.50 0.425 0.355 0.30 0.180.125

ISO 11124-3 SIZE GRADING FOR STEEL SHOT

Product Size (mm) % : min & max cumulative percentages allowed on corresponding sieves

S780

2.0 -2.8 0% 85%min97%min

S660

1.7 -2.4 0% 85% min97% min

S550

1.4 -2.0 0% 85% min97% min

S460

1.2 -1.7 0% 5% max 85% min96% min

S390

1.0 -1.4 0% 5% max 85% min96% min

S330

0.85 -1.2 0% 5% max 85% min96% min

S280

0.71 -1.0 0% 5% max 85% min96% min

S230

0.6 0 0.85 0% 10% max85% min97% min

S170

0.42 -0.71 0% 10% max85% min97% min

S110

0.3 -0.5 0% 10% max80% min90% min

S70

0.18 -0.35 0% 10% max80% min90% min

SAE Sieve No7810121416182025303540455080120

Aperture 2.802.362.00 1.701.401.181.00 0.85 0.71 0.60 0.50 0.425 0.355 0.30 0.180.125

SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERSParameters Defined in ASME B46.1Corresponding Parameters in ISO 4287,

RaArithmetic Average Deviation of the Assessed ProfileRa

RqRoot Mean Square Deviation of the Assessed Profile Rq

RpMaximum Profile Peak HeightRp

RzAverage Maximum Height of the ProfileRy

RmaxMaximum Roughness Depth---

LENGTH EQUIVALENTS

Convert,

MetersInchesFeetMillimetersMilesSquare Kilometers

Meters139,373,2081.0000,00062140,001

Inches0,025410,083325,40,000015780,0000254

Feet0,3048121304,80,00018940,0003048

Millimeters0,0010,039370,003280810,00000062140,000001

Miles1.609,3563,3605,2801.609.35011,60935

Kilometers1.00039,3703280,831.000.0000,621371

1 Meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 0,001 km = 1.000.000 micrometers

AREA EQUIVALENTS

Convert,

evrimSquare MetersSquare InchesSquare FeetSquare MilesSquare Kilometers

Square Meters11549.9910.76393.861 x 10-71 x 10-6

Square Inches0,000645216.944 x 10-32.491 x -66,452 x 10-10

Square Feet0,092914413.587 x -69,29 x 10-8

Square Miles2 589 99927.878,40012,59

Square Kilometers1 000 00010.763,8670.38611

1 Square Meters = 10 000 Square Centimeters

1 Square Millimeter = 0,01 Square Centimeter=0.00155 Square Inches

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR WEIGHTS AND MEASURESU.S.( METRIC

Pounds (Avoirdupois)x0.45359 = Kilograms

Tons (2000 pounds)x0.90718 = Metric Tons

Tons (2240 pounds)x1.01605 = Metric Tons

Inchesx2.54001 = Centimeters

Inchesx25.4001 = Millimeters

Feetx0.304801 = Meters

Square Inchesx6.45163 = Square Centimeters

Square Feetx0.0929 = Square Meters

Cubic Inchesx16.38716 = Cubic Centimeters

Cubic Feetx0.02832 = Cubic Meters

Pounds per Footx1.48816 = Kilos per Meter

Ounces per Square Footx0.030515 = Grams per Square Centimeter

Ounces per Square Footx305.15 = Grams per Square Meter

Pounds per Square Inchx0.07031 = Kilograms per Square Centimeter

Pounds per Square Inchx0.0007031 = Kilograms per Square Millimeter

Pounds per Square Footx4.88241 = Kilograms per Square Meter

Pounds per Cubic Foot x16.01837 = Kilograms per Cubic Meter

METRIC ( U.S.

Kilogramsx2.20462 = Pounds (Avoirdupois)

Metric Tonsx1.10231 = Tons (2000 pounds)

Metric Tonsx0.98421 = Tons (2240 pounds)

Centimetersx0.3937 = Inches

Millimetersx0.03937 = Inches

Metersx3.280833 = Feet

Square Centimeters x0.155 = Square Inches

Square Metersx10.76387 = Square Feet

Cubic Centimetersx0.06102 = Cubic Inches

Cubic Metersx35.31445 = Cubic Feet

Kilograms Per Meterx0.67197 = Pounds per Foot

Grams per Square Centimeterx32.771 = Ounces per Square Ft

Grams per Sq Meterx0.0032771 = Ounces per Square Ft

Kilograms per Square Centimeterx14.2234 = Pounds per Sq Inch

Kilograms per Square Millimeterx1422.34 = Pounds per Sq Inch

Kilos per Sq Meterx0.20482 = Pounds per Sq Inch

Kilos per Cubic Meterx0.06243 = Pounds per Cubic Foot

CONVERSION CONSTANTS

To Convert FromTo Multiply By

Gallons Pounds of water 8.33

Pounds of water Gallons 0.12004

Ounces Pounds 0.0625

Pounds Ounces 16

Inches of water Pounds per square inch 0.0361

Inches of water Inches of mercury 0.0735

Inches of water Ounces per square inch 0.578

Inches of water Pounds per square foot 5.2

Inches of mercury Inches of water 13.6

Inches of mercury Feet of water 1.1333

Inches of mercury Pounds per square inch 0.4914

Ounces per square inch Inches of mercury 0.127

Ounces per square inch Inches of water 1.733

Pounds per square inch Inches of water 27.72

Pounds per square inch Feet of water 2.310

Pounds per square inch Inches of mercury 2.04

Pounds per square inch Atmospheres 0.0681

Feet of water Pounds per square inch 0.434

Feet of water Pounds per square foot 62.5

Feet of Water Inches of mercury 0.8824

Atmospheres Pounds per square inch 14.696

Atmospheres Inches of mercury 29.92

Atmospheres Feet of water 34

Long tons Pounds 2240

Short tons Pounds 2000

Short tons Long tons 0.89285

FRACTIONAL INCHES TO MILLIMETERS

INCH 0 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16

mm

0 0,0 1,6 3,2 4,8 6,4 7,9 9,5 11,1 12,7 14,3 15,9 17,5 19,1 20,6 22,2 23,8

1 25,4 27,0 28,6 30,2 31,8 33,3 34,9 36,5 38,1 39,7 41,3 42,9 44,5 46,0 47,6 49,2

2 50,8 52,4 54,0 55,6 57,2 58,7 60,3 61,9 63,5 65,1 66,7 68,3 69,9 71,4 73,0 74,6

3 76,2 77,8 79,4 81,0 82,6 84,1 85,7 87,3 88,9 90,5 92,1 93,7 95,3 96,8 98,4 100,0

4 101,6 103,2 104,8 106,4 108,0 109,5 111,1 112,7 114,3 115,9 117,5 119,1 120,7 122,2 123,8 125,4

5 127,0 128,6 130,2 131,8 133,4 134,9 136,5 138,1 139,7 141,3 142,9 144,5 146,1 147,6 149,2 150,8

6 152,4 154,0 155,6 157,2 158,8 160,3 161,9 163,5 165,1 166,7 168,3 169,9 171,5 173,0 174,6 176,2

7 177,8 179,4 181,0 182,6 184,2 185,7 187,3 188,9 190,5 192,1 193,7 195,3 196,9 198,4 200,0 201,6

8 203,2 204,8 206,4 208,0 209,6 211,1 212,7 214,3 215,9 217,5 219,1 220,7 222,3 223,8 225,4 227,0

9 228,6 230,2 231,8 233,4 235,0 236,5 238,1 239,7 241,3 242,9 244,5 246,1 247,7 249,2 250,8 252,4

10 254,0 255,6 257,2 258,8 260,4 261,9 263,5 265,1 266,7 268,3 269,9 271,5 273,1 274,6 276,2 277,8

1 inch = 25,4 millimeters

Sample : 2 1/2 inches (2 from the left column plus 1/2 from the top row) = 63,5 millimeters

METRIC PREFIXES AND SYMBOLS

Multiplication FactorPrefixSymbol

1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018 ExaE

1 000 000 000 000 000 = 1015 PetaP

1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 TeraT

1000000000=109 GigaG

1000000=106 MegaM

1000=103 Kilok

100=102 Hectoh

10=101 Dekada

0.1=10-1 Decid

0.01=10-2 Centic

0.001 = 10-3 Milim

0.000 001 = 10-6 Microm

0.000 000 001 = 10-9 Nanon

0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 Picop

0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-15 Femtof

0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18 attoa

MINUTES CONVERTED TO DECIMALS OF A DEGREEMin.Deg.Min.Deg.Min.Deg.Min.Deg.Min.Deg.Min.Deg.

10.0166110.1833210.3500310.5166410.6833510.8500

20.0333120.2000220.3666320.5333420.7000520.8666

30.0500130.2166230.3833330.5500430.7166530.8833

40.0666140.2333240.4000340.5666440.7333540.9000

50.0833150.2500250.4166350.5833450.7500550.9166

60.100010.2666260.4333360.6000460.7666560.9333

70.1166170.2833270.4500370.6166470.7833570.9500

80.1333180.3000280.4666380.6333480.8000580.9666

90.1500190.3166290.4833390.6500490.8166590.9833

100.1666200.3333300.5000400.6666500.8333601.000

PRESSURE EQUIVALENTS

Multiply, arpmKg per square cmPounds per square InchAtmosphereBarInches of MercuryKilopascalsInches of WaterFeet of Water

Kg per square cm114.220.96780,9806728.9698,067394.0532.84

Pounds per square Inch0,0703110.068040,068952.0366,89527.72.309

Atmosphere1,033214.69611,0132529.92101,325407.1433.93

Bar1,0197214.50380.98692129.53100402.15633.513

Inches of Mercury0,034530.49120.033420,03386413,386413.611.134

Kilopascals0,01019720.1450380.00986960,010.295314.021560.33513

Inches of Water0,0025380.03610.0024560,002490.073490,24910.0833

Feet of Water0,30450.43320.029470,0298390.88192,9839121

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION FORMULAS

To Convert FromToSubstitute in Formula

Degrees CelsiusDegrees Fahrenheit(C x 9/5) + 32

Degrees CelsiusKelvin(C + 273.16)

Degrees FahrenheitDegrees Celsius(F -32) x 5/9

Degrees FahrenheitDegrees Rankin(F + 459.69)

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION

Fahrenheit ( Centigrade

F C F C F C F C F C

Zero-17.825-3.95010.07523.910037.8

1-17.226-3.35110.67624.411043.3

2-16.727-2.85211.17725.012048.9

3-16.128-2.25311.77825.613054.4

4-15.629-1.75412.27926.114060.0

5-15.030-1.15512.88026.715065.6

6-14.431-0.65613.38127.216071.1

7-13.932Zero5713.98227.817076.7

8-13.3330.65814.48328.318082.2

9-12.8341.15915.08428.919087.8

10-12.2351.76015.68529.420093.3

11-11.7362.26116.19630.021098.9

12-11.1372.86216.78730.5220104.4

13-10.6383.36317.28831.1230110.0

14-10.0393.96417.88931.7240115.6

15-9.4404.46518.39032.2250121.1

16-8.9415.06618.99132.8300148.8

17-8.3425.66719.49233.3350176.6

18-7.8436.16820.09333.9400204.4

19-7.2446.76920.69434.4450232.2

20-6.7457.27021.19535.0500260.0

21-6.1467.87121.79635.6750398.8

22-5.6478.37222.29736.11000537.7

23-5.0488.97322.89836.7

24-4.4499.47423.39937.2

Volume Equivalents

To Convert From, ..den evirimCubic Decimeters

(Liters)Cubic inchesCubic FeetU.S. QuartU.S. GallonImperial GallonU.S. Barrel (Petroleum)

Cubic Decimeters (Liters)161.02340.035311.056680.2641780,2200830.00629

Cubic Inches0,01639

15.787 x 10-41.017320.0043290,0036060.000103

Cubic Feet28,317

1728129.92217.480556,228880.1781

U.S. Quart0,94636

57.750.0334210.250,20820.00595

U.S. Gallon3,78543

2310.13368410,8330.02381

Imperial Gallon4,54374

277.2740.160544.801281.2003210.02877

U.S. Barrel (Petroleum)158,98

9702

5.6146

168

42

34,973

1

1 cubic meter = 1,000,000 cubic centimeters

1 liter = 1000 milliliters = 1000 cubic centimeters

Vickers Hardness TestA : Surface aread : Arithmetic mean of the two diagonals, d1 and d2 in mmF : Load in kgfHV : Vickers hardness

To convert HV to MPa multiply by 9.807

Vickers hardness numbers are reported as 440HV30 :

440 : the hardness numberHV : gives the hardness scale (Vickers)

30 : the load used in kgf

SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME FORMULASGeometric ShapeSurface Area

PrismPrism (general)SA=2B+Ph

SA=2lw + (2l + 2w)h

SA=6s

PyramidRegular Pyramid (general),SA=B+n(0,5 bs)

SA=B + n(0,5 s) b

SA=b + 4(0,5)(4) s

SA=b + 8s

CylinderSA=2( r+ (dh

ConeSA=( r+ (rs

S=slant height

SphereSA=4( rh

DIN 30670 MINIMUM COATING THICKNESSPipe size,

mmMin. Thickness of coating in mm,

Diameter, ap < DN 1001.8

100 Diameter, ap < 2502.0

250 Diameter, ap < 5002.2

500 Diameter, ap < 8002.5

Diameter, ap 8003.0

Along any 1 m length of pipe, the coating thickness may be up to 10% less than the minimum required, provided the thinner area does not cover more than 5 cmDIN 30670 TESTSSurface Cleanliness Comparison = Sa 2 - DIN 55928 Part 3

Bond Strength = at a test temperature of (20 5) C, be at least 35 N per cm of test piece widthat a test temperature of (50 5) C, be at least 15 N per cm of test piece width for type N coatings, and 25 N per cm type S coatingsContinuity (holiday) = 25 kV

Impact Strength = 30 impact, darbe

Indentation hardness = 0.3 mm (23 2 C)

Percentage elongation at failure= 200 %

Coating Resistivity = 108 ( m

Heat and light ageing = the melt flow rate shall not deviate by more than 35 % of the original valueAPPLICATION PROCESS FOR PE COATING OF JOINT AREA

1 Heat the steel surface to be insulated to 40-50C and clean to the purification degree 2 as per GOST 9.402. Treat the polyethylene coating with emery paper to provide sufficient surface roughness.

2 Heat the insulated surface and adjacent factory insulation coating to at least 90C (in summer) or 110 (+10) C. Apply the preliminary prepared epoxy primer onto the steel surface and the adjacent factory insulation coating over the entire insulated portion.

3 Wrap the sleeve around the weld joint so that the overlap with the factory coating is at least 75 mm at each side and the overlap of the sleeve ends is at least 100 mm.

4 Heat the glue layer with a soft flame on the closure plate and install the plate in the central position onto the sleeve end overlap by hitting it with a hand or rolling with a silicon roller. The closure plate should be located on the pipe circumference near the 2 or 10 oclock position.

5 Heat the sleeve with a soft flame from the center to the edges beginning from the bottom part of the weld joint to remove bubbles from the sleeve surface.

APPLICATION PROCESS FOR REPAIR OF PE COATING

1 Heat the repaired polyethylene coating portion to 100 (+10C) and remove the damaged factory coating with a spatula or a knife. Smooth the sharp edges of the coating and make the coating more rough (with emery paper) over a 75 mm area around the removed coating portion. Remove rust from the repaired pipe surface portion with emery paper.

2 Heat the steel surface to 60C and polyethylene surface of the repaired portion to 100 (+10) C (within a 100 mm area around the damaged spot). Apply the repair filler (preliminary cut to size) onto the steel and polyethylene pipe surfaces. Heat the filler with a gas burner, fill in the damaged portion with a spatula and uniformly distribute it with the spatula over the polyethylene surface (over a 75 mm area around the damaged spot).

3 Heat the adhesive layer (preliminary cut to ensure 40-45 mm overlap with the factory coating). Heat until the adhesive layer becomes lustrous.

4 Install the tape onto the repaired pipe area so the tape adhesive layer extend from beneath the tape to at least 20 mm. Heat the tape with a gas burner and roll down with a roller remove glue blobs and air bubbles.

5

Roll the tape down with a silicon roller to remove glue blobs and bubbles.

Chemical analysis of wire electrode

Flux,

TozSembol, SymbolManganese-SilicaMSCalcium- SilicaCSZircon-SilicaZSRutile -SilicaRSAluminate-RutileARAluminate-BasicABAluminate-SilicaASAluminate-Fluoride-BasicAFFluoride-BasicFBOther-Types, Dier TiplerZ

Flux Typei (Aluminate Basic)

Charpy Impact Energy,-40C, 47J

Tensile strength

SAW wire-flux combination

Standard name and number,

Hydrogen for 100 gr welding metal

Current type (alternating current)

Metallurgical values (Si-6, Mn-7)

Class

Flux type (Aluminate-Basic)

Flux production type (F,A,M)

Standard name and number

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