9

100

(100.04~100.06)

100 8

9

i

9

............................................................................................................. i

........................................................................................................... iii

........................................................................................................... iv

...........................................................................................................1

1.1 ..................................................................................................1

1.2 ..........................................................................................2

1.3 ..........................................................................................2

...................................................................................3

..........................................7

3.1 ..................................................................................7

2.2 ............................................................................10

3.3 ................................................................18

............................................................33

4.1 ............................................................33

4.2 ....................................................................................33

.................................................................................................35

5.1 ................................................................................................35

5.2 DNA ...............................................................................................36

.................................................................39

9

ii

6.1 ................................................................39

6.2 ............................................................................40

6.3 ................................................................................41

6.4 ................................................................................42

9

iii

2-1 ...............................................3

2-2 .......................................................4

2-3 ...................................................4

2-4 .......................................6

3.2-1 .....................................................................17

3.2-2 - ...............................................................18

3.2-3 - ...............................................................18

3.3-1 .........................................................................23

3.3-2 .....................................................................31

3.3-3 .....................................................................32

5.1-1 .............................................................................36

5.2-1 DNA ...............................................................................38

6.4-1 .....................................................................44

9

iv

3.1-1 - .............................................................................8

3.1-2 - .............................................................................8

3.2-1 - .......................................................................11

3.2-2 - .......................................................................11

3.2-3 - ...............................................................................12

3.2-4 - ...............................................................................12

3.2-5 .....................................................................................13

3.2-6 .....................................................................................13

3.2-7 .....................................................................................14

3.2-8 .................................................................................14

3.2-9 .....................................................................................15

3.2-10 .....................................................................................15

3.2-11 .....................................................................................16

3.2-12 .....................................................................................16

3.3-1 .............................................................................19

3.3-2 .............................................................................19

3.3-3 .............................................................................20

3.3-4 .........................................................................20

3.3-5 .............................................................................21

3.3-6 .............................................................................21

3.3-7 .............................................................................22

3.3-8 .............................................................................22

3.3-9 .............................................................................25

3.3-10 .............................................................................................26

3.3-11 .............................................................................................27

3.3-12 .........................................................................................28

3.3-13 .............................................................................................28

3.3-14 .............................................................................................29

3.3-15 .....................................................................................30

4.2-1 .....................................................................................34

5.1-1 .....................................................................................35

5.1-2 .............................................................................36

5.2-1 DNA ..........................................................38

6.1-1 .....................................................................................39

9

v

6.1-2 .........................................................................................40

6.2-1 .....................................41

6.3-1 .....................................................................42

6.4-1 .........................................................43

9

1

1.1

9

85

9

9 88

-

9

9

(Phasianus colchicus)

- -

99

9 20 198 9

9

2

1.2

100 4 1 106

100 4 1 6 30 100

100 4 6

1.3

9

3

(1)

2-1

2-1

http://archive.zo.ntu.edu.tw/bird/r_bird_index.asp?bird_id=B0151

The pheasant: ecology, management and conservation. 1988 Hill D. & Robertson P.

Phylogeography of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

in China.

2009 Qu J.Y., Liu N.F., Bao

X.K. & Wang X.L.

Effects of changing agriculture on ring-necked pheasant brood

movements in Illinois.

1984 Warner R

Birds of East Asia 2009 Mark Brazil

2010

(2)

( 2-2)

9

4

2-2

The pheasant: ecology, management and conservation. 1988 Hill D. & Robertson P

Feeding habits of juvenile ring-necked pheasants on Pelee Island,

Ontario.

1955 Loughrey A. & Stinson

R

1989

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2009

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2004

2001

( )

2-3

2-3

Rethinking the causes of deforestation: lessons from economic

models. 1999

Angelsen A. & Kaimowitz

D

A review of the status of forest elephants 1995 Barnes R.F.W. Blom A. &

Alers M.P.T.

Are mammal and bird populations declining in the proximity of

roads and other infrastructure? Systematic Review No. 68.

Collaboration for Environmental Evidence.

2009

Benítez-López, A.,

Alkemade R. & Pita A.

Verweij

The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and 2010 Benítez-López, A.,

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5

bird populations: Ameta-analysis. Alkemade R. & Pita A.

Verweij

Roadside vegetation: a habitat for mammals in Naringal,

southwestern Victoria. 1988 Bennett A.F.

Roads, roadsides and wildlife conservation: a review. In:

Saunders, D.A., Hobbs, R.J. (Eds.), Nature Conservation 2:

The Role of Corridors.

1991 Bennett A.F.

Influence of roads on the endangered Stephens’ kangaroo rat

(Dipodomys stephensi): are dirt and gravel roads different. 2004 Brock R.E. & Kelt D.A.

Loss of insectivorous birds along a gradient of human impact in

Amazonia. 1996 Canaday C.

From roadkill to road ecology: A review of the ecological

effects of roads. 2007 Coffin A. W.

Sunken roads as habitats for forest plant species in a dynamic

agricultural landscape: effects of age and isolation. 2005

Deckers B., Becker P.D.,

Honnay O., Hermy M. &

Muys B.

Effects of roads on movements by understory birds in

mixed-species flocks in central Amazonian Brazil. 2001

Develey P.F. & Stouffer

P.C.

Effects of Roads on Animal Abundance: an Empirical Review

and Synthesis. 2009 Fahrig L. & Rytwinski T.

Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on

adjacent lands. 2000 Findlay T. & Bourdages J.

The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (U.S.A)

suburban highway. 2000

Forman R. T. T. &

Deblinger R. D

Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. 1995 Forman R.T.T.

Roads and their major ecological effects. 1998 Forman R.T.T. & Alexander

L.E.

Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. 2003

Forman R.T.T., Sperling D.,

Bissonette J.A., Clevenger

A.P., Cutshall C.D., Dale

V.H., Fahrig L., France R.,

Goldman C.R., Heanue K.,

Jones J.A., Swanson F.J.,

Turrentine T. & Winter T.C.

Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid

landscape. 2003 Gelbard J.L. & Belnap J.

(4)

( 2-4)

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6

(Minnesota Department of

Natural Resources, 2005)

2-4

Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on

adjacent lands. 2000 Findlay T. & Bourdages J.

Impacts of disturbance from construction work on the densities

and feeding behavior of waterbirds using the intertidal mudflats

of Cardiff Bay, UK.

2002 Burton, N. H. K., M. M.

Rehfisch, & N. A. Clark.

Buffer-zone distances to protect foraging and loafing

waterbirds from disturbance by personal watercraft and

outboard-powered boats.

2002 Rodgers Jr., J. A., & S. T.

Schwikert.

Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic

communities. 2000

Trombulak S. C., & Frissell

C. A.

Guidelines for ecological compensation associated with

highways. 1999

Cuperus, R., K. J. Canters,

J. A. U. d. Haes, & D. S.

Friedman.

Disturbance distances for water birds and the management of

human recreation with special reference to the Coorong Region

of South Australia.

2000 Paton, D. C., M. Ziembicki,

P. Owen, & C. Heddle.

Height of the road embankment affects probability of traffic

collision by birds. 2000 Pons, P.

Long range plan for the ring-necked pheasant in Minnesota 2005 Minnesota Department of

Natural Resources

2003

2008

Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. 2003

Forman R.T.T., Sperling D.,

Bissonette J.A., Clevenger

A.P., Cutshall C.D., Dale

V.H., Fahrig L., France R.,

Goldman C.R., Heanue K.,

Jones J.A., Swanson F.J.,

Turrentine T. & Winter T.C.

2007

9

7

3.1

( )

(1)

100 4 7 5

7

- -

-

-

(2)

-

-

4 1 4 7

-

( 3.1-1) -

( 3.1-2)

9

8

3.1-1 -

3.1-2 -

9

9

(a)

(b) ( )

(c)

(a)

3

( )

400

10

(b)

1

1

(c)

1

9

10

(d)

2

30

(e)

3

10

(f)

1

(g)

1

2.2

(1)

(a)

- -

(3.2-1) (3.2-2) - -

1

9

11

3.2-1 -

3.2-2 -

(b)

9

12

4 1

4 7 4 17 4 19 5 7 5 13 5 26

5 27 6 3 6 10 6 28 6 30

6 -

3.2-3 - 3.2-4

3.2-3 -

3.2-4 -

(2)

(a)

- -

-

8 ( 3.2-5) 4 ( 3.2-6)

2 ( 3.2-7) 2 ( 3.2-8)

9

13

3 ( 2.2-9) 19

3.2-1

3.2-5

3.2-6

9

14

3.2-7

3.2-8

9

15

3.2-9

- 3 ( 3.2-10) 2

( 3.2-11) 1 ( 3.2-12)

9 3.2-1

GPS

3.2-10

9

16

3.2-11

3.2-12

9

17

3.2-1

(b)

5 7 5 13 5 26

5 27 6 3 6 10 6 28 6 30

4

- ( 4

- A-1

- A-2

- A-3

- A-4

- A-5

- A-6

- A-7

- A-8

- B-1

- B-2

- B-3

- B-4

- B-5

- C-1

- C-2

- D-1

- D-2

- E-1

- E-2

- E-3

- E-4

- F-1

- F-2

- F-3

- G-1

- G-2

- H-1

9

18

3 ) ( 1 )

- ( 3.2-2 3.2-3)

3.2-2 -

4 3 0 7

1 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

3.2-3 -

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

3.3

(play back) MP3

(1)

- 23 8 (

3.3-1) 5 ( 2.3-2) 5 ( 3.3-3) 2 ( 3.3-4)

3 ( 3.3-5) - 7 4

( 3.3-6) 2 ( 3.3-7) 1 ( 3.3-8)

3.3-1

9

19

3.3-1

3.3-2

9

20

3.3-3

3.3-4

9

21

3.3-5

3.3-6

9

22

3.3-7

3.3-8

9

23

3.3-1

(2)

4 1 4 7 5 7 5 13 5 26 5

- a-1

- a-2

- a-3

- a-4

- a-5

- a-6

- a-7

- a-8

- b-1

- b-2

- b-3

- b-4

- b-5

- c-1

- c-2

- c-3

- c-4

- c-5

- d-1

- d-2

- e-1

- e-2

- e-3

- f-1

- f-2

- f-3 2

- f-4

- g-1

- g-2

- h-1

9

24

27 6 3 6 10 4

2.3-9

5 7 5 13 6 26 6 30

1

3.3-2 3.3-3

9

25

100 6 28

3.3-9

a-1 a-2

a-3 a-4

a-5 a-6

a-7 a-8

9

26

100 6 28

3.3-10

b-1 b-2

b-3 b-4

b-5

9

27

100 6 28

3.3-11

c-1 c-2

c-3 c-4

c-5

9

28

100 6 28

3.3-12

100 6 28

3.3-13

d-1 d-2

e-1 e-2

e-3

9

29

100 6 29

3.3-14

(3)

50 (

3.3-15)

3

(4)

5 7 5 13 6 27 6 30

- -

f-1 f-2

f-3 f-4

9

30

50 (100 5 11 )

3.3-15

9

31

3.3-2

9

32

3.3-3

9

33

4.1

(night-lighting)

4 13

5 28

4.2

( 4.2-1) 6 3

9

34

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )(100 6 3 )

4.2-1

9

35

5.1

1.

2.

3.

4. DNA

5.

5 7 5 13

5.1-1 5.1-2 5.1-1

DNA

100 5 9

5.1-1

9

36

5.1-2

5.1-1

(mm)

1.04

1.85

7.48

2.60

2.70

2.05

2.00

5.2 DNA

(1) DNA

DNA (1)

(2)

9

37

DNA 5.2-1

(a) lysis buffer 500 l

100 l 10% SDS

(b) 50 75 l 10mg/ml ProteinaseK

57 2—18

1—2

(c) 13000 rpm 10

(d) 500 l chloroform

(e) 13000 rpm 15 4

(f) 4—5

(g) 0.7—0.8 isopropanol DNA

(h) 13000 rpm 15 4

(i)

(j) 1ml 75%

(k) 8—10

(l) DNA ( )

(m) 50—100 l

(n) 20

14 4 (Gel

electrophoresis) DNA

9

38

5.2-1 DNA

Tris-base 50mM

Na-EDTA 100mM

NaCl 100mM

10% SDS sol 50mg/500ml

Proteinase K 100mg/10ml

(2)

5 7 5 13

5.2-1

DNA

5.2-1 DNA

9

39

6.1

(1)

( 6.1-1 100 5 12 )

6.1-1

(2)

4 1 4 7 4 17 4 19 5 7 5 13

5 26 5 27

9

40

4 17 4 19

( 6.1-2) 5 7 5 13

100

100 5 12

6.1-2

6.2

5 7 5 13 6 3 6 10

3

5 (5 1 5 10 )

9

41

GPS

6.2-1 5 7 5 13 6 3 6 10

30

6.2-1

6.3

5 7 5 13

GPS

12

( 6.3-1)

9

42

100 6 9

6.3-1

6.4

(1)

4 4 4 7

6.4-1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

( 6.4-1)

9

43

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

6.4-1

(2)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

6.4-1

9

44

6.4-1