7. Typographic Design

8/6/2019 7. Typographic Design

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Typographic design

To commit new type and switch out of the editing mode, press Ctrl+Enter, Cmd+Return

or the numeric Enter key. You can also select another tool, click in any panel (barring

the Character and Paragraph panels), or click on the Commit any current edits button

(looks like a tick mark) in the Options bar.

To change the color of several type layers simultaneously, select the Horizontal or Vertical

Type tool and the type layers, click on the color selection box in the Options bar, choose

a color from the Color Picker when it opens, and then click OK. You can also use this

method in the Character panel.

To change the type color for a single layer or a character, select it and then change the

foreground color, or use a Color Overlay layer style (it will affect all characters in the

selected layer, not just selected characters). You can also use the Color panel or the

Swatches panel, instead of the foreground color selection box in the Tools panel.

To change the font size of several type layers simultaneously, do following:

1. Select a type tool

2. Click in the Size text box in the Options bar

3. Use the up/down arrow keys to increase/decrease values

4. Click Enter/Return

You can also use the following method:

1. Select a type tool

2. Use the Size text box scrubby sliders in the Options bar or the Character panel

To find a suitable font for a selected type layer or multiple-selected type layers, click in

the Font Family text box in the Options bar or the Character panel and then use the up/

down arrow keys to scroll through the font list. Having found a suitable font, press Enter/

Return, or Enter on the numeric pad to exit the text box.

The Horizontal and the Vertical Type tools both need to add a new layer in order to create

editable type. If an image turns rubylith color when you try to use either tool, its because the image is in

Indexed Color, Bitmap or Multichannel mode, none of which support

multiple layers, so the tool creates a type mask on the single, background layer. The mask

can be filled with color to create non-editable type. To add editable type to an image in

Indexed Color, convert it to RGB and then back to Indexed Color.

When applied, superscript characters are reduced in size and shifted above the type

baseline; subscript characters are reduced in size and shifted below the type baseline.

Superscript and subscript are also sometimes referred to as superior and inferior,respectively. If a font does not include superscript or subscript characters, Photoshop

substitutes faux characters.

When you specify settings for paragraph text in the Paragraph panel, if a paragraph is

selected, settings apply to that paragraph only; if a type layer is selected, settings apply to

all paragraphs in that type layer; if neither is selected, settings apply to new text that you

create.


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Tracking values determine the amount of space between multiple characters. It is similar

to kerning except the space is specified over a range of text, such as a line, sentence or

paragraph. To adjust the tracking, select type and then use the Tracking option in the

Character panel (AV underlined with a double-headed arrow). If text is not selected,

tracking is applied to all the characters on the selected type layer.

To adjust the tracking and kerning values of text, choose Justification from the Paragraph

panel menu and then enter values for Letter Spacing. In the Justification dialog, Word

Spacing values control the space between the words when you use the Spacebar/Space,

whereas Letter Spacing values control the distance between letters, including adjacent

characters or a group of characters or a block of text.

Leading is the amount of space measured between two lines of type. You can set the

leading in the Character panel by entering a value in the Leading text box or with the

corresponding pop-up menu or by using a scrubby slider. You can define the Auto Leading

percentage by choosing Justification from the Paragraph panel menu and then entering a

value in the Auto Leading text box.

Provided a font supports smart quotes, Photoshop replaces straight quotes with smart

quotes by default. To use straight quotes instead of smart quotes (AKA curly quotes

and typographers quotes), deselect Use Smart Quotes in Type preferences under Type

Options.

The language pop-up menu, located at the bottom left corner of the Character panel, lets

you assign a hyphenation and spelling dictionary. You can assign a dictionary on a layerby-

layer basis or mix dictionaries on a single layer by selecting text before you assign a

dictionary.

The Change Text Orientation command in the Character panel menu (Vertical and Horizontal in

the Layer Type submenu) changes the type orientation from horizontal

to vertical, and vice versa. In order to create vertically descending text with the Vertical

or the Horizontal Type tool, the Standard Vertical Roman Alignment command has to

be deselected (its on by default when you create type) in the Character panel menu after

selecting the text.

To specify the minimum number of characters for hyphenated words, open the

Hyphenation settings dialog (choose Hyphenation from the Paragraph panel menu), and

then enter a value in the Words Longer Than _ Letters text box.

The Hyphen Limit setting controls the minimum/maximum number of hyphens that can

appear on consecutive lines. You can specify the limit in the Hyphen Limit _ Letters text

box by choosing Hyphenation from the Paragraph panel menu.

You can drag type on a path to a new position by using the Path Selection or the Direct

Selection tool. The tools can also be used to flip the text vertically on the path. While

editing type on a path, you can access the Path Selection tool temporarily by holding

down Ctrl/Cmd.


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You can re-edit type that has had the warp effect applied to it by using the Edit Transform

Warp command, or the Layer Type Warp Text command, or the Create warped text

button in the Options bar. You can also convert the type layer into a Smart Object and

then apply a filter.

To create a work path from type, select a type layer and then choose Layer Type Create

Work Path, or right-click, Ctrl-click on the type layer and choose Create Work Path from

the context menu. The work path appears in the Paths panel.

Creating a work path from a type layer does not affect the original type. It allows you to

manipulate the outlines as vector shapes and edit them just as you would edit a path. For

example, transform the shape, create a new layer and fill it with solid color, gradient or a

pattern, or stroke it.

You can convert point type to paragraph text and vice versa. To convert point type to

paragraph text, select layer and then choose Convert to Paragraph Text from the Layer

Type submenu, or the layer context menu. To convert paragraph type to point text, selectlayer and then choose Convert To Point Text from the Layer Type submenu, or the layer

context menu.

When converting point type to paragraph text, you have to manually remove all the

unwanted carriage returns; otherwise the lines will not flow in the bounding box.

To avoid text being deleted when paragraph type is converted to point text, adjust

the bounding box until all of the text is displayed and then convert. You can tell if the

bounding box is overflowing with text by looking at the bottom right-hand corner handle: it acquires a

plus sign when the bounding box cannot show all of the text that it contains.

The Single-line Composer method is to be preferred when composing one line at a time

and manual control over line breaks is required. The composition rules are based on the

settings for word spacing, letter spacing, glyph scaling, and hyphenation found in the

Justification and Hyphenation dialogs, accessible from the Paragraph panel menu.

The Adobe Every-line Composer method, accessible from the Paragraph panel menu,

gives priority to evenness of letter and word spacing. It identifies possible line endings

in paragraph text based on settings for word spacing, letter spacing, glyph scaling, and

hyphenation in the Justification and Hyphenation dialogs, accessible from the Paragraph

panel menu. The command is not available for point type.

When Roman Hanging Punctuation is selected from the Paragraph panel menu,

punctuation marks such as quote marks, periods, commas, etc., at the beginning of a line

for left justified and the end of the line for right justified appear outside the text margins.

When you anti-alias type, the edge pixels are partially filled in order to create smooth

edges, which otherwise would appear jaggy or stair-stepped. You can choose between a

Sharp, Crisp, Strong or Smooth setting from the Options bar, or the Layer Type submenu.


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To specify a precise column width and height for paragraph text, select the Horizontal

Type tool, hold down Alt/Opt and then click or drag in the canvas to open the Paragraph

Text Size dialog, enter values and click OK. Alt-drag, Opt-drag opens the dialog with the

bounding box values entered automatically, whereas clicking opens it with zeroed values.

By default, the Check Spelling, and the Find and Replace Text commands search all visible

and unlocked text layers. To exclude layers, either hide them by clicking on their eye icon

or lock them by clicking on the lock icon in the Layers panel.

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7. Typographic Design