6th Symposium on remediation in Jena “Jenaer ... · polluted sites" 4-5 October 2007 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Wöllnitzer Str. 7, ... Planting regimes on a weakly heavy

6th Symposium on remediation in Jena “ Jenaer Sanierungskolloquium”

" Microbe-mineral inter faces at heavy metal

polluted sites"

4-5 October 2007

Friedrich Schiller University Jena Wöllnitzer Str. 7, D-07749 Jena, Germany

Conference proceedings

Contents

II

Table of Contents

Welcome

Map of the meeting place

Acknowledgements for financial supports

Conference Program

Abstracts of the talks

Abstracts of the posters

List of participants

Notes

Conference Program

III

Conference Program

Thursday, 4th October 2007 09:00 Start of Symposium Opening of the meeting by the dean of the School of Biology and Pharmacy at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jochen Lehmann Introduction: Erika Kothe Session 1 – Bacter ial resistance mechanisms Chair: Hans Bergmann 10:00 Anna Rosa Sprocati (University of Roma, Italy) Microorganisms and microbial consortia naturally occuring in mining sites: resistance to heavy metals and ability to metabolise organic pollutants 10:40 Andre Schmidt (Microbiology, University of Jena, Germany)

Heavy metal resistance in streptomycetes 11:00 Manuel Sineriz (PROIMI and University of Tucuman, Argentina)

Actinomycetes involved in bioremediation of cadmium polluted soils 11:20 Juliane Hopf (Mineralogy, University of Jena, Germany)

Impact of Bacillus subtilis on biotite dissolution 11:40 Tchize Basile Ndejoung (HKI Jena, Germany) Modulation of secondary metabolite formation in Actinomycetes by heavy metals 12:00 Lunch Session 2 – Interactions of soil fungi Chair: Katrin Krause 14:00 Katarzyna Turnau (Botany, University of Krakow, Poland) Mycorrhizal symbiosis at heavy metal polluted sites 14:40 Aurora Neagoe (Botany, University of Bucharest, Romania) Bioremediation approaches for areas contaminated with metals 15:00 Marjatta Raudaskoski (Botany, University of Turku, Finland) What could make a Fungus an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiont? 15:20 Felicia Gherghel (Microbiology, University of Jena, Germany)

Ectomycorrhizal biodiversity at Kanigsberg 15:40 Rishi Kumar Behl (Hisar University, India) Plant-Azotobacter interactions towards sustainable crop production –wheat and cotton 16:00 Coffee break Session 3 – Microbial impact on reactive transport Chair: Dirk Merten 16:30 Gunter Kießig (WISUTEC, Chemnitz, Germany) Erfahrungen aus drei Jahren Betrieb eines Wetlands zur Behandlung von Grubenwasser der Lagerstätte Pöhla-Tellerhäuser 17:10 Markus Wehrer (Hydrogeology, University of Jena, Germany)

Evaluation of PAH release from tar oil contaminated soils by column experiments 17:30 Lars Zeggel (Microbiology, University of Jena, Germany)

Concrete decontamination by microbial activation of phytoextraction 17:50 Martin Lonschinski (Applied Geology, University of Jena, Germany) Planting regimes on a weakly heavy metal contaminated site and the impact on soil water chemistry 19:00 Visit of the Haeckel House BBQ at the institute

Conference Program

IV

Fr iday, 5th October 2007 Session 4 – Applications in bioremediation Chair: Kai-Uwe Totsche 9:00 Angelika Spindler (Amykor, Wolfen, Germany) Praktische Erfahrungen beim Einsatz von VA-Mykorrhiza in der Aufforstung von Problemflächen, der Altbaumsanierung und der Rekultivierung 9:40 Frank Schindler (Microbiology, University of Jena, Germany)

Field site "Gessenwiese" 10:00 Sabine Willscher (Waste Management, University of Dresden, Germany) Biosorption von Schwermetallen und Uran an Bioceren 10:20 Hans Bergmann (Applied Botany, University of Jena, Germany) Influence of natural amines on heavy metal accumulation and on metal tolerance in plants 10:40 Gustav Ebenå (Statens Energimyndighet, enheten för policyanalys, Sweden)

Energy and soil remediation - two compatible ecosystem services 11:00 Coffee break Session 5 – Analytical methods of bio-geo-interactions Chair: Petra Rösch 11:30 Falko Langenhorst (Mineralogy, University of Jena, Germany) Transmission electron microscopy as a versatile tool for biomineralogy 12:00 Angela Walter (Physical Chemistry, University of Jena, Germany)

Raman spectroscopical investigation of microorganisms 12:20 Anja Grawunder (Applied Geology, University of Jena, Germany) Fractionation and Speciation of Rare Earth Elements on the test site Gessenwiese 12:40 Christan Lorenz (Applied Geology, University of Jena, Germany) Microbially mediated reactive transport monitoring of heavy metals using rare earth elements 13:10 Closing remarks: Georg Büchel

End of the symposium

Welcome

V

Welcome to

6th Symposium on remediation in Jena " Jenaer Sanierungskolloquium" focusing on

" M icrobe-mineral interfaces at heavy metal polluted sites"

The 6th Symposium on remediation is dealing with microorganisms affecting the minerals at heavy

metal polluted sites, at the same time allowing application for bioremediation. This process includes

plant-microbe and complex microbe-substrate interactions. They are reflected by biological,

geological, physical and chemical properties, which all have to be investigated in detail to allow the

prediction of sustainable associations with the prospect of application to in-situ remediation.

The symposium includes 5 sessions with 24 talks and poster presentations, and participants from 10

countries are here to exchange their knowledge. Session 1 starts with bacterial resistance on heavy

metals and associated effects on their metabolism. Session 2 focusses on symbiotic interactions of

soil fungi with plants. Session 3 deals with the influences on reactive transport, especially of the

microbial impact, and session 4 shows different applications in bioremediation. Finally, analytical

tools to investigate bio-geo-interactions will be introduced in session 5.

Bio-geo-interactions are in the focus of the research of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena.

PhD projects of the graduate school “Alteration and element mobility at the microbe-mineral

interface” supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), as well as research projects

supported by the German Ministry of Education and Technology are presented in this symposium.

All projects here are of the Jena School for Microbial Communication. This research focus of the

Friedrich Schiller University is also reflected by the newly established BSc/MSc program

Biogeosciences and the MSc Microbiology.

Erika Kothe, Georg Büchel & Hans Bergmann


VI


http://www.jena.de/stplan/

x: Meeting place (Wöllnitzer Str. 7)

* : BBQ at the Institute of Microbiology (Neugasse 25)

symbol EH: Haeckel House (Berggasse 7)

Acknowledgements for financial supports

VII

Acknowledgements for financial suppor ts

Talks

VIII

Abstracts of talks

Session 1 - Bacterial resistance mechanisms Talks

9

Microorganisms and microbial consortia naturally occurring in metallurgic sites: resistance to heavy metals and ability to metabolise organic pollutants

Anna Rosa Sprocati, Chiara Alisi, Flavia Tasso and Carlo Cremisini

ENEA, Department of Environment, Global Change And Sustainable Development

RC-Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome (ITALY), [email protected]

Historical pollution has originated a microbial biodiversity, which may represent potential solutions and cures for damaged areas. Novel pathways, metabolic networks and resistances mechanisms developed by these microbial communities may help to overcome metabolic bottlenecks in the bioremediation processes, including the degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of heavy metals. For this reason such as microbial diversity is deserving to be preserved from her extinction. Polluted areas of industrial countries can be thus considered of equal significance, as a source of microbial biodiversity, than the protected environments. In this presentation we describe a few microbial communities isolated from different polluted sites of national interest, located in Italy. The microbial consortia have been characterised for: i) physiological and molecular profile, at community-level and at single-system level, ii) identification of single components, iii) resistances to heavy metals; iv) capacity to detoxifying the ecosystem, through biodegradation and/or transformation of organic compounds or heavy metals. The consortium ENEA-ING5, isolated from the abandoned mine of blend and galena of Ingurtosu (Sardinia), is a hyperaccumulator of zinc (Q=160 mg/g d.w.) and is able to oxidise nonylphenol, as co-substrate, also in the presence of zinc. The consortia ENEA-LAM, ENEA-OSS and ENEA-AGL have been isolated from three different area in the dismissed metallurgic site of Bagnoli (Naples). They harbour multiple resistances to heavy metals (mainly PbR and CrR) and have been employed for diesel and crude oil bioremediation studies, taking-down 70-80% of the hydrocarbons contents in 40 days, in soil and in sea water. The consortium ENEA-CAR has been isolated from tannery wastewaters, it is composed by microorganisms resistant to CrVI (250 ppm), Cr accumulators and 2-Naftalensulphonate degraders. It has been employed in a tannery wastewaters treatment for Cr removal.


10

Heavy metal resistance in streptomyetes

Schmidt, A., Haferburg, G., Schmidt, A., Kothe, E.

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Institut f�r Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Neugasse 25, 07745

Jena, Germany.

The genus Streptomyces belongs to the group of Actinobacteria. It is characterized by a complex life cycle which includes the production of mycelium and heat resistant spores. Streptomyces strains are of a special interest because of their production of secondary metabolites which often find a use in medical applications. Although the Streptomycetes represent a wide-spread soil colonizing group little is known about their ability to exist in heavy metal contaminated areas. Low concentrations of heavy metals are not harmful to microorganisms, some like nickel, cobalt or zinc are even essential for the synthesis and function of enzymes, cofactors or transcriptional regulators. However, high concentrations of heavy metals in the environment lead to an increasing intracellular concentration with the consequence of inhibition of enzymes or DNA damage. Therefore microorganisms in heavy metal contaminated soils are in need of special resistance mechanisms to cope with this environment. The banks of the creek Gessenbach are characterized by exceedingly high concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides as a consequence of the permanent inflow of acid mine drainage water over several decades of mining activity. Therefore the creek Gessenbach appears to be an interesting location for the search after heavy metal resistant microorganisms. Indeed actinobacteria of the genus Streptomyces found in these soils proved to be resistant against a range of heavy metals. Very high resistances were found against cobalt, cadmium, nickel and zinc. Streptomyces mirabilis P16B-1 and S. mirabilis P10A-3 for example are able to grow on concentrations of nickel and zinc higher than 100 mM. The underlying resistance mechanisms have not been identified on a molecular level so far. Nevertheless in chromatography experiments it could be shown that S. mirabilis P16B-1 is able to store high amounts of nickel in the cytosol. Additionally it could be shown via pulse field gel electrophoresis that this strain contains a plasmid on which resistance factors like efflux transporters could be encoded. Another strain Streptomyces tendae F4 is able to grow on high concentrations of cadmium. Plating revealed that it excretes a chelating substance that lowers the bioavailability of cadmium and thus enables cadmium sensitive strains in his surroundings to grow. In future works the resistance mechanisms of the strains found in the banks of the creek Gessenbach should be analyzed in detail. First results were obtained by the application of a two dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry that allows to compare the protein expression of a bacterial strain under different cultivation conditions. For the nickel resistant strain Streptomyces acidiscabies E13 proteins could be identified that were induced by the presence of nickel. Further we will analyze the role of plasmids found in highly resistant strains and whether these plasmids can be transferred to other strains.


11

Actinomycetes involved in bioremediation of cadmium polluted soils Siñeriz Louis, Manuel1,3, Abate, Carlos Mauricio 1, 2, 4 and Kothe, Erika3.

1Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET. Av Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina 2Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina. 3Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Institut f

�r Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Neugasse 25, 07745

Jena, Germany. 4Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina.

46 actinomycetes were isolated from two polluted sites and one pristine site. By primary qualitative screening assays one strain, F4 was selected because of cadmium resistance and characterized physiologically and taxonomically; it grew up to 7.5% NaCl, until 100 � g/ml lysozyme and at a pH range from 6 to 10. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the strain F4 was very closely related (99 %) with Streptomyces tendae. On culture medium with 8 mg L-1 Cd, 80% inhibition was observed for Streptomyces sp. F4 after 8 days of growth. The maximum specific biosorption was 37.3 mg Cd/g dry weight after 7 days of growth. The highest Cd2+ concentration was found into the cell wall, (41.2%). The exopolysaccharide layer contained only 7.4%, while in the cytosolic fraction remained 39.4% of Cd. On the ribosomes and membrane fraction, 12 % were found. This localization was verified by MET; where cells of Streptomyces sp. F4 showed a cytoplasm with dark granulate appearance. An assay on flasks with 200 g sterile soil, at 25 % humidity, and with 100 ppm Cd or without Cd was made. The flasks were inoculated with F4 mycelia, and incubated during 8 weeks. After two weeks no significant differences on the Streptomyces sp. F4 growth in soil with and without Cd were observed.


12

Impact of Bacillus subtilis on biotite dissolution Juliane Hopf, Dirk Merten & Falko Langenhorst Institute of Earth Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany; [email protected] In natural environments minerals and rocks are not only weathered by chemical and physical processes but also by biological activity. To understand the role of and interaction between alteration processes, the microbe-mineral interface must be investigated at the microscopic to nanometer scale. We used batch reactors to characterize the rates and mechanisms of elemental release during the interaction of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii with biotite at 28°C for 35 days. Biotite powder (Kragerø, Norway), fresh bacteria and growth medium were filled into reaction vessels. The chemical composition of the minimal growth medium lacks major biotite elements. At 7 day intervals, aliquots of the solution were removed and the release of major and minor elements (Al, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Si, Ti) was measured by ICP-OES. In comparison with an abiotic control the sample with B. subtilis showed an increase in the dissolution of Al, K, Mg and Mn. The dissolution of biotite seems to be a surface-controlled process. Compared to the unaltered starting biotite, TEM-images of the bacteria-treated biotite flakes display frayed rims and etch pits on the surface. Additionally, we found small crystals of a secondary phase, which is currently under identification. EDX measurements of biotite incubated with B. subtilis indicate a partial replacement of K by Na in biotite interlayers (Na provided by medium). Fe, Mn, and Ti L32 EEL spectra were acquired to determine the valence states of iron, manganese, and titanium in biotite. Within error limits (e.g. Fe3+/� Fe ± 0.05) the bacteria have apparently no influence on the valence states of these transition metals in the solid material.


13

Modulation of Secondary Metabolite Formation In Actinomycetes by Heavy Metals Tchize Basile Ndejoung,1 Götz Haferburg,2 Andre Schmidt,2 Marc Carlson,1 Ute Möllmann,1 Ingrid Groth,1 Erika Kothe,2 Isabel Sattler1,* 1 Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany 2 Friedrich Schiller University, Institute for Microbiology, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena * [email protected] In our efforts to identify new microbial natural products for drug discovery, we are studying microorganisms from heavy metal containing sites, e.g. Feengrotten caves (Saalfeld, Thuringia) and the former uranium mine “Wismut” (Ronneburg). The Actinomycetes we are working on, show varying degrees of resistance against different heavy metals. In our studies, secondary metabolite formation is characterized from cultures in various culture media chemically by HPLC/MSn/UV and TLC analysis and by antibiotic testing. We are presenting initial results from our screening programs. Within the limits of viability, most strains did not show significantly altered metabolite patterns in the presence of heavy metals. However, there are distinct examples of strains that show an induction of secondary metabolites in the presence of heavy metal. We are aiming at new approaches on inducing novel secondary metabolites for further exploitation of nature’s vast resources of structural diversity. In addition, induced secondary metabolites will allow us to learn about microbial mechanisms of dealing with heavy metals.

Session 2 - Interactions of soil fungi Talks

14

Mycorrhizal symbiosis at heavy metal polluted sites

Katarzyna Turnau, Przemysław Ryszka

Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland e-mail: [email protected]

The presentation summarizes the results of research concerning heavy metal detoxification within mycorrhizas. Most plants adapted to terrestrial ecosystems are obligate or facultative mycorrhizal symbionts. Their survival on heavily polluted places depends on selection of resistant strains of mycorrhizal fungi. Some of these fungi influence the uptake of potentially toxic elements by the plants. Plant-based technologies in industrial areas are mostly limited to phytostabilization, involving the use of plants to stabilize the contaminated tailing material, in order to minimize leaching and wind or water erosion.The mycorrhizal status of plants commercially available, that were seeded on the industrial wastes, and those that were transfered from wet or dry places was studied. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate whether introduction of plants assisted by well selected microbiota could help to increase above- and under-ground diversity. Chlorophil a fluorescence was measured to estimate the impact of microorganisms on plant vitality. Selected plants were analysed by Total Reflection X-ray fluorescence method. Commercially available grasses are often devoid of well established mycorrhiza and their populations dramatically decrease with time. Much more stable vegetation communities arise from plants that appear on the wastes spontaneously. The plants need appropriate below-ground ecosystems, especially at difficult sites. Plants originating from xerothermic grasslands were found to be very useful in wastes revegetation, but only if the mycorrhizal fungi were provided. Fungal strains either increased or decreased heavy metal uptake by the plant depending on the origin of a fungus. Strong influence of the pre-adaptation of the fungus in polluted soil on the ability of the plant to avoid uptake of potentially toxic elements was found.


15

Bioremediation approaches for areas contaminated with metals

A. Neagoe1, V. Iordache1, H. Bergman2, G. Buechel2, E. Kothe2

1University of Bucharest, e-mail: [email protected] 2Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany

Natural recovery of the ecosystems contaminated with metals is a long term process of secondary succession. Remediation approaches are based on the assumption that some successional stages can be bypassed by adequate interventions. We present a theoretical framework putting bioremediation approaches in a succesional context and then illustrate the several issues with results obtained in the contaminated areas of Wismut (Gessenhalde and Sorgesettendorf – Germany) and Pantelimon (Romania). The illustrated possibilities of bioremediation are: two plant species, a plant species and a mycorrhizal fungi, a genetically modified plant species and a mycorrhizal fungi, two plant species, a mycorrhizal fungi and two Streptomyces sp. It is shown that: 1) the success of the remediation with two plant species is dependent on their competition as controlled by the abiotic soil parameters; 2) the mycorrhizo-phytoremediation is successful over a large range of soil types, contamination and plant species; 3) a hairy roots genetically modified plants species positively interacted with mycorrhizal fungi in soil with moderate contamination; 4) the mixed inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and Streptomyces sp. can have a beneficial effect on the development of plants. We discuss the relationship between temporary disturbance of the contaminated ecosystems and their remediation and conclude that long term studies are needed in order to fully assess the effects of the manipulation on the successional processes and the success of bioremediation.


16

What could make a Fungus an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiont? Marjatta Raudaskoski Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland Mycorrhiza is symbiotic association formed between plant roots and fungi. Mycorrhizas can be structurally divided into different groups, out of which the two most extensively studied ones are endo- and ectomycorrhiza. In ectomycorrhizal symbiosis the fungus forms a structure called the sheath which encloses the rootlet as a loosely or tightly packed hyphal mass, depending on the species. Inside the root, the fungal hyphae grow between cortical cells of the host forming a netlike structure called Hartig net. From the mycorrhizal roots individual hyphae radiate outwards from the sheath into the substrate greatly increasing the absorbing area of the root. The development of the mycorrhizal association can be divided into 1) formation and 2) function of symbiosis. The first phase includes signaling and recognition on both fungal and plant side. Several ectomycorrhizal fungi are close relatives to saprobic homobasidiomycets in which the mating of haploid progeny is regulated by interactions between lipopeptide pheromones and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Many plant species, including conifers, produce extracellular peptides and recently it was reported that the genome of ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor contains an expanded family of G-protein-coupled receptors. At symbiosis the plant signal recognition by GPCRs could lead to new fungal growth pattern which facilitates the penetration of the hyphae into the root and increases the contact between the root cortical cells and hyphae. Plant signal recognition by a GPCR may activate fungal small GTPases controlling hyphal morphogenesis through reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. Some ectomycorrhizal fungi grow extremely slowly in pure culture. In these fungi the start of the symbiotic phase appears to include the resetting of the cell cycle.


17

Ectomycorrhizal biodiversity at Kanigsberg

Felicia Gherghel1, Virgil Iordache2, Erika Kothe1 1Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, [email protected], 2University of Bucharest

At Kanigsberg (in the former uranium Wismut mining site near Ronneburg), in situ remediation of waste rock dumps required removal of the heap, reshaping of the dumps to a geomechanically stable form and covering with a top soil designed to reduce radon exhalation and external radiation and to limit long-term infiltration into the dump. To control erosion, the covering surface was vegetated with a mixed forest including Quercus robur, Fagus ssp., Fraxinus ssp. and Larix ssp. Under such conditions, mycorrhizal symbiosis plays an important role for plant establishment, growth and nutrition. In this context, the objective of the research was to elucidate the influence of heavy metals on ectomycorrhiza (EM) diversity in Quercus sp. forests along a gradient of contamination. Three sites have been selected: Kanigsberg-Wismut, Greiz (with the same geological setting as Kanigsberg, high natural concentrations of metals, but without physical disturbance of the hydrogemorphic unit), and Jenzig Jena (uncontaminated area). Two field campaigns have been performed: an extensive one for qualitative description of the fungal diversity, and an intensive one focusing on estimation of abundances around 19 selected trees. The fungal community structure was quantitatively determined in 100 samples by morphotyping, direct DNA isolation and strain isolation followed by morphological identification as well as sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS). 17 elements were determined in 23 selected soil samples after a seven steps sequential extraction. Relations between environmental variables and genus/species abundance of ECM fungi were analyzed by means of multivariate ordination techniques (CANOCO and Statistica softwares). Measuring of essential and toxic elements showed that the three chosen ecosystems are well individualized from the point of view of metals distribution in soil and of other soil covariables. Highly correlated metals grouped in 3-4 clusters, depending on the extracted fraction. Kanigseberg site had a heterogeneous distribution of metals, in contrast with Greiz (high homogenous concentrations) and Jenzig (low homogenous concentrations). The mycorrhization rate defined as the percentage of EM presence among all root tips was 52% at Jenzig Jena, 18% in Greiz, and 29% at Kanigsberg-Wismut. Diversity indexes were highest at Jenzig, and had low similar values at Kangisberg and Greiz. At Jenzig and Greiz the diversity was homogenous, while at Kanigsberg the diversity was highly heterogeneous both between trees and around trees. After removing the EM variability due to phosphorous and organic matter/depth, several groups of metals could be identified as explaining most of the data variability. Clusters of Al-Cr-Fe-Pb and Cd-Mn-Zn separated well the EM composition of Jenzig, Kanigsberg and Greiz ecosystems (with highest concentrations of metals at Greiz leading to 0 diversity in three samples). Clusters of Cs-Cu and Co-Ni-U separated Greiz from Kanigsberg (with highest metals concentrations in Kanigsberg). Further heterogeneity of EM distribution at Kanigsberg (and in particular the presence of Tomentella sublilacina) was correlated with high concentrations of As coupled to relatively lower concentrations of other metals and P in soil. The results are discussed in terms of succession at micro (tree) level and macro (ecosystem level). It is suggested that 1) classification of EM species should be done relative to a well defined succession sere; late species in a type of secondary succession can be early in another type, 2) The heterogeneity of diversity within the ecosystem is complementary to the diversity value as indicator of ecosystems disturbance and succession stage. In conclusion, EM diversity at Kanigsberg is lower and more heterogeneous than at control sites and the community composition is substantially different. This pattern is correlated with the distribution of metals in a complex way, no single element being responsible for the structure of the community. Further research directions include characterization of the genetic diversity of EM at the sites, experimental confirmation of the effect of the clusters of metals on the community structure (in particular T. sublilacina – As association), and investigation of the role of soil dissolved organic carbon in the EM resistance to metals as key parameters mediating the EM-bacteria interaction.


18

Plant-Azotobacter interactions towards sustainable crop production – wheat and cotton

1Neeru Narula and 2Rishi Kumar Behl 1Department of Microbiology, and 2Department of Plant Breeding CCS Haryana Agriculture University,Hisar-125004, India [email protected]; [email protected]

For sustainability of production systems, all the microbiological processes related to nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles must be maintained in equilibrium for maintaining all natural ecosystems. Bacteria of the Azotobacter genus fix nitrogen and synthesize auxins, cytokinins, and GA-like substances in rhizosphere and hence influence plant growth. In order to harness synergy between two partners, it is essential to find the compatible partners, i.e. wheat genotype(s) and Azotobacter strain(s) that will form a good association. Agronomic significance of its application includes increased seed germination, better root development, increased water uptake and higher nutrient efficiency. The use of biofertilizers has increased considerably due to economic, environmental and soil health reasons. Biofertilizers offers biocontrol against diseases and pests, are non-polluting, environmental friendly and suitable for low agriculture input. Significant increase in grain yield, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation and uptake of NPK in wheat and cotton genotypes with phosphate solubilizing and phytohormone producing soil isolates and mutants of Azotobacter chroococcum have been observed. The response of grain yield to Azotobacter was, more or less, plant genotype/species and soil type dependent and appeared to be related to improved P and N utilization efficiency.

This paper deals with development of efficient strains of Azotobacter for different agro-ecological conditions, crop effects of bioinoculants , biodegradation of pesticides by Azotobacter, production of antifungal substances, colonization behaviour of Azotobacter in rhizosphere, paranodule formation, siderophore production, phytohormone production, phosphate solubilization, root exudates, development of tagged strains of Azotobacter to determine fate of inoculated bacteria in rhizosphere etc. A good colonizer establishes better and were found to increase 5-10 % crop yield with a saving of 20-25 kg N ha-1.

Session 3 - Microbial impact on reactive transport Talks

19

Erfahrungen aus drei Jahren Betrieb eines Wetlands zur Behandlung von Grubenwasser der Lagerstätte Pöhla-Tellerhäuser

Experience from three years of operating a constructed wetland for the treatment

of the Pöhla-Tellerhäuser mine effluents

Annette Küchler, Gunter Kießig, Christian Kunze WISUTEC Wismut Umwelttechnik GmbH Jagdschänkenstr. 33, D-09117 Chemnitz, Germany, [email protected]

This contribution describes the approach of WISUTEC, a subsidiary of the mine remediation company WISMUT, to passive biological water treatment as a long-term solution to water contamination problems at former Uranium mining and milling sites. One of the peculiarities of mining and milling operations in Germany and Europe in general is the relatively high population density in the affected mining areas and the scarcity of land, compared to other typical mining regions worldwide. This also leads to strict requirement with respect to the technical solutions applied in mine closure and, in particular, to restrictions on the land surface available for semi-natural and constructed wetlands. The regulatory expectations with respect to compliance with discharge standards and long-term stability are high, and command highly effective solutions on a small area. Apart from rather general aspects, the paper also highlights the practical experience from design, construction and the first years of operation of the Pöhla wetland as a well-suited example. In particular, the present paper shows the pitfalls and potential problems including some realistic cost estimates which are often hidden behind the general, overoptimistic statement of "maintenance-free, zero-cost" passive water treatment systems. Keywords: constructed wetlands, passive biological water treatment, adsorbents, uranium, radium, arsenic, iron, manganese


20

Evaluation of PAH release from tar oil contaminated soils by column experiments

Markus Wehrer Hydrogeology, University of Jena, Germany

Tar-oil contaminated sites, for example at former manufactured gas plants, pose a continuing threat to soil and groundwater in Europe. In this study, the release processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of five soil materials from four locations in Germany are discussed. All materials were investigated by means of column outflow experiments. Variable flow conditions were applied to reveal possible rate limited release processes. Flow conditions and high-resolution breakthrough curves of the master variables dissolved organic carbon, pH and electrical conductivity, are examined in consideration of their possible influence on PAH release. Although the history of the sites is similar with respect to age and type of contamination, different processes and time scales control the release and discharge of PAH. For example, at a silt from Rositz and at a reference material we found equilibrium release according to Raoult’s law, while at a gravel from Munich and a clayey marlstone from the ‘Testfeld Süd’ rate limited release and particle association of the PAH was observed. In addition, physico-chemical and hydraulic gradients in response to changes in solution chemistry as well as the viscosity of the residual non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) are key parameters to understand the release and transport behaviour. Thus, risk assessment at tar-oil contaminated sites requires an experimental evaluation in order to estimate the PAH fluxes. Besides, it is crucial to consider changes of the physico-chemical and hydraulic gradients and the effect of mobile particles.


21

Concrete decontamination by microbial activation of phytoextraction

Lars Zeggel Microbiology, University of Jena, Germany Aim of this project is to investigate the possibility of an application of biological remediation strategies on radionuclide contaminated concrete material. These materials are produced due to the decommission of nuclear facilities in large amounts. Physicochemical procedures like sandblasting and leaching are already well established but possibly they are too expensive for low level radioactive wastes. Furthermore these techniques produce additional amounts of contaminated wastes. Here a biological treatment could be an economical alternative to the conventional decontamination. Advantage of such a treatment is a subsequent incineration and therefore minimized waste volume. Moreover contaminated areas can provide sustainable energy. To test the feasibility of a biological remediation we set up a field experiment which consists of 27 lysimeters with a volume of 1 m3 each. As substrates we used a waste rock material, concrete and a top soil as a control. To the substrates except the control compost were added to provide a basal fertilization. The lysimeters were treated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) and/or with two soil borne bacteria of the genus Streptomyces to improve plant growth and alter mobility and uptake of elements. A third treatment was left untreated. The first two years sunflower and corn served as plants. In 2007 we used Sorghum sudanensis. The results showed that the predominant contaminants like cesium and strontium are highly bioavailable. A healthy growth of crop plants on such unhospitable substrates (with initial pH values up to 10) is possible. Inoculation with mycorrhizal spores led to an increased infection of the roots. Transfer factors (up to 2) are strongly depended on the amount of stable isotopes and (in terms of the ion potential) similar elements in the background. Plant uptake is different for different cultivars.


22

Planting regimes on a weakly heavy metal contaminated site and the impact on soil water chemistry

M. Lonschinski, D. Merten and G. Büchel

Institute for Earth sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany To investigate bioremediation strategies a test field was installed on the basement area of the former Uranium leaching heap Gessenhalde at the mining area Ronneburg (Germany). High amounts of Ni (max 86 µg/g), Co (max 47 µg/g), Cu (max 78 µg/g) or U (max 21 µg/g) now occur in the soil (Grawunder et al.). Due to oxidizing conditions as a result of the rearrangement of the heap small layers of Fe-minerals (hardpan) were precipitated containing even higher amounts of heavy metals (CARLSSON, 2005). The metal contamination, the low soil pH and the lack of nutrients are the major stress factors for plants on this location. The strategy of remediation research covers soil amendments and inoculation with microorganisms. For the planting trials the field is subdivided into three plots with amendments of topsoil, compost and an untreated control plot. To study the effects of soil amendment on soil water chemistry the plots are equipped with soil water collecting systems based on tension lysimeters. The distribution of heavy metals in the soil water varies on a large scale, but effects of soil amendment become apparent in spite of the large heterogeneity. Concentrations of Al, Cu and U are reduced in the plots of compost and topsoil in comparison to the control plot. In 2005 and 2006 the grass Festuca nigrescens was planted. After the harvest plant samples were divided into roots and sprouts, digested by HNO3 in a microwave assisted pressure digestion system and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. The addition of topsoil and compost decrease the uptake of U, Ni, Co, Cr into the plants. Transfer factors and translocation factors were calculated.

Carlsson, E. (2005): Screening of residual contamination at a former uranium leaching site, Thuringia, Germany – Chem. Erde 65 S1, 75-95.

Grawunder, A., Lonschinski, M., Merten, D., Büchel, G., Geology and soil chemistry of a bioremediation test site – In preparation.

Session 4 - Applications in bioremediation Talks

23

Practical experiences using VAM in the recultivation especially of problematical areas and the revitalisation of old trees

Angelika Spindler & Rainer Hacker AMykor GmbH, Kühlturmstrasse 25.34.00, OT Greppin, 06803 Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany The AMykor GmbH dealt with a multitude of plantings of devastated territories, problems of the revitalisation of old trees and reclamation projects in the last few years. Problematical areas in the forestry are also former agricultural crop lands with low soil value rates. They are characterised by a marginal microbiological activity in the soil. This serious aggravates the planting with trees. The use of the VAM decreases the mortility rates and avoids expensive replanting. A revitalisation was even possible at very old oaks, which had heavy damages and signs of closely death. Through this method the oaks can be sustained in the tree population. The reclamation of salty soil polluted with heavy metals causes huge problems. The exertion of VAM made it possible to establish different herbages as an abundantly lawn or alternatively the cultivation of corn for energy use, which will be shown at the example of a dumpsite in Hungary.


24

Field site " Gessenwiese"

Frank Schindler & Erika Kothe Microbiology, University of Jena, Germany

In the former German Democratic Republic during the period 1946–1990, the uranium mining area of Ronneburg and Seelingstädt, Eastern Thuringia, produced about 200 kt of uranium. Large open pit mines and waste rock piles were a result of these extensive mining operations. Low-grade black shale uranium ores were leached at the heap “Gessenhalde” in 1970–1989. Sulphuric acid (10g/l) and Acid Mine Drainage was used for leaching. As a result of the barrier the leachate with a pH below 3 and high metal load infiltrated the glacial sediments below the heap. A high heavy metal load is typical for the heap. In 2004 the field site “Gessenwiese” was created in the north-western part of the former “Gessenhalde” . Precipitates of sulphate containing Fe and Al hydroxides are still present in the soil. Sulphate, Ni, Al, Mn, F and U can still be found in the seepage water. The field was divided in four smaller plots (20 m x 20 m). Three of them were chosen for experiments with different soils, different inoculation with bacteria and fungi and different plants. The inhomogeneous, organically depleted substrate was mixed with compost and topsoil. After that, the soil was inoculated with the fungi Glomus intraradices Sy 167 and two Streptomyces strains. This different treatments lead to an increased mycorrhizal rate after inoculation, positive effects on microbial cell number and to better plant growth and diversity because of an improved nutrient supply. Continuous hydrogeological and biological monitoring is done all over the year. Phytoextraction and bio immobilization strategies are under estimation in order to investigate the effects on soil and plants as strategies for bioremediation.


25

Biosorption von Schwermetallen und Uran an Bioceren Sabine Willscher Waste Management, University of Dresden, Germany


26

Influence of natural amines on heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants

Hans Bergmann, Bärbel Lippmann, Claus-Dieter Voigt, René Mascher, Aurora Neagoe, Michaela Puhl, Ralf Oelmüller Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Angewandte Botanik Increased concentrations of heavy metals (HM) in plant tissues cause higher contents of free amino acids, amines and glutathione as stress protecting metabolites, as well as a rise in ROS detoxifying enzymes. In barley sprouts, an enrichment from 0,2 to 6 mg Cd/kg dry matter caused a 3½fold higher glycine betaine content, and a 3fold higher spermine concentration. In addition, root exudation of proline, aromatic amino acids, � -alanine or γ-amino butyrate was doubled. A role in stress protection for betaine is well known. We hypothesized that the precursors of betaine, 2-amino-ethanol (AE) and choline, could act similar. In greenhouse and field experiments, we could verify this hypothesis. Choline and AE improved the stress tolerance/resistance in crops as seen for plant productivity, photosynthesis, root architecture, and stress metabolism incl. ROS detoxification. For example, AE-treated cereal plants (1,5kg AE/ha, 0,5 mg AE/plant foliar spraying, growing at metalliferous substrates) had lower contents of stress metabolites, the oxidative stress was reduced by about 50%, and biomass/yield was higher in comparison to untreated plants. With regard to phytoremediation, it was of importance that an AE-treatment stimulates the plant growth on metalliferous soils and that treated plants accumulated higher quantities of metals as a result of an increased uptake of heavy metals caused by growth stimulation (up to 20%) combined with a moderately promoted metal enrichment (up to 50% per unit biomass). In spite of the metal enrichment, the growth stimulation by exogenous AE was a significant indication for the improved metal tolerance/resistance. Additionally, AE-application did not influence the metal mobility in soil. An AE pretreatment (10� g AE/plant) changed the gene expression in young barley plants after medium stress induction with 36h. An up-regulation was obtained, among other genes, for a heat shock-protein (81-2, gene HV03D10), a chaperonine (T-complex protein gene HJ03K03), a P-type ATPase (gene HS03J04), an importine (α subunit gene HT01017), glutathione hydrolase 2 (gene HT01AO), α subunit of RUBISCO (gene HX04A17), dihydroflavanol-4-reductase (gene HJ01F03), and a protein of the wound responsive family (genes HU01C05). A down-regulation was seen for ubiquinol-cytochrome-C reductase (gene HJ09C03), for peroxidase 12 (gene HW077H16) and a potassium transporter (gene HJ03H23). Consequently metal accumulation and metal tolerance as preconditions for phytoremediation can be controlled by plant treatment techniques. Bergmann, H. et al. Amino Acids 20 (2001) 325-329 Bergmann, H. et al. J. Appl. Bot. 73 (1999) 153-161 Mascher, R. et al. Plant Sci. 163 (2002) 961-969 Mascher, R, et al. Plant Growth Regulation (2005) 1-10 Bergmann, H. et al., J. Appl. Bot. 76 (2002) 87-95


27

Energy and soil remediation - two compatible ecosystem services Gustav Ebenå Swedish Energy Agency Regardless of the degree of civilization, man is still dependent on ecosystems for survival. In a more traditional setting were food, warmth and shelter all services provided by the ecosystem to which you belonged. In modern life the dependency is perhaps less obvious, but there are also new ways to make use of nature, new ecosystem services provided. There is a goal set for renewable energy within the EU, stating that 20% of the energy should b come from renewable energy sources by 2020. There are several reasons for setting this goal: mitigation of climate change, breaking the oil dependency and security of supply within the union. In 2005 the figure for the union as a whole was 6.38%. In short, there will be an immense increase in demand for bioenergy. Luckily there is an ecosystem not only providing biomass that could be used for energy purposes but also providing the service of soil remediation. The multifunctionality of Salix-plantations has many potential advantages: It may function as a filter for soil water mitigating the nitrogen load from agricultural soil, it has a high tolerance and uptake of heavy metals (especially Cd), it can contribute to an increase in bio-diversity in the landscape and it may provide farmers an alternative income through “energy-farming” . There are several reasons to use of Salix on heavy metal contaminated soil although there are other plant species that has a higher metal uptake. The main reason is the high yield of useful biomass. The fact that the Salix is designated for burning, thus concentrating the withdrawn metals in the ash, facilitates adequate handling. Simply by combining the ecosystem services of soil remediation and biomass for energy the efficiency of the system is increased. The theoretical framework surrounding ecosystem and the ecological science could prove highly beneficial in identifying such synergistic effects.

Session 5 - Analytical methods of bio- geo-interactions Talks

28

Transmission electron microscopy as a versatile tool for biomineralogy Falko Langenhorst Institute of Geoscience, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena; [email protected]

In a broad sense, biomineralogy refers to processes by which (micro-)organisms form or degrade minerals. Processes controlling e.g. the precipitation and dissolution of minerals take ultimately place at the atomic scale. To gain fundamental insights into the formation and degradation mechanisms of minerals it is hence essential to use techniques that provide data at this very small scale. Nowadays, analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) has become a powerful tool in obtaining both chemical and structural data at the micro- to sub-nanometer scale. The techniques available on an ATEM are manifold and range from imaging and diffraction techniques to spectroscopic methods. In the context of biomineralogy, conventional and high-resolution TEM imaging combined with electron diffraction are particularly useful for the characterization of lattice defects and interfaces in and between minerals and microorganisms as well as for the identification of nanocrystalline bio-precipitates. Complementary chemical data is provided by aid of energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). While EDX is used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical compositions, EELS provides detailed data on the coordination and valence states of chemical elements in minerals. The talk is aimed at providing a brief overview and instructive examples of the current capabilities and use of modern ATEM in biomineralogy.


29

Raman spectroscopical investigation of soil microorganisms

A. Walter1, P. Rösch1, S. Jezewski3, M. Reinicke3, E. Kothe3, J. Popp 1,2 1Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany 2Institut für Photonische Technologien, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany 3Institut für Mikrobiologie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany Micro-Raman spectroscopy exhibits many advantages for the application to microorganismens. It is non-destructive, the spectrum of water does not interfere with spectra of other substances and it has a high spatial resolution and therefore offers a possibility to identify and chemically characterize microorganisms. Vibrational spectroscopy is used to investigate molecular systems and their bonding situation. With the choice of various excitation wavelengths different chemical information can be retrieved from the fingerprint region of vibrational spectra. For the study of Streptomyces we examine certain strains that have been isolated from the testfield in Ronneburg. If the bacteria suffer various environmental conditions during their development they carry along different chemical information. To identify microbes on strain level chemometrical methods are applied on the Raman and IR spectra1,2. For the investigation of Schizophyllum commune 12-43 we are interested in the distribution of chemical biomarkers by means of Raman mapping. With this technique it is possible to localize different chemical substances inside the cell. Acknowledgement: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Graduiertenkolleg 1257 “Alteration and element mobility at the microbe-mineral interface”). References: [1] P. Rösch, M. Harz, M. Schmitt, K.D. Peschke, O. Ronneberger, H. Burkhardt, H.W. Motzkus, M. Lankers, S. Hofer, H. Thiele, J. Popp, Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 2005, 71, (3), 1626-1637. [2] M. Harz, P. Rösch, K.-D. Peschke, O. Ronneberger, H. Burkhardt and J. Popp, Analyst, 2005, 130, 1543–1550.


30

Fractionation and Speciation of Rare Earth Elements on the test site Gessenwiese Anja Grawunder, Dirk Merten, Martin Lonschinski and Georg Büchel Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Earth Sciences, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, [email protected]

Rare Earth Elements (REE) comprise the elements of atomic number 57 through 71 that are closely chemically related. They often were applied as tracers in groundwater and sediments. Here, REE are investigated in order to understand the processes in the water-soil-plant system. To characterise the behaviour of REE in this system, studies were carried out with soil material and groundwater of the test site Gessenwiese, situated on the basement area of the former uranium leaching heap Gessenhalde near Ronneburg, Thuringia, Germany. On the test site a 107 cm deep hardpan profile was sampled and investigated. The hardpan formed in silty sand in the capillary rising zone of the groundwater and constists mainly of quartz, goethite, illite, chlorite and gypsum. Contrary to the sediments above and under the hardpan, in this precipitation mainly middle REE are enriched. Sequential extractions of the profile indicated, that the mobile fractions of HREE are higher than those of LREE. LA-ICP-MS profiles along the hardpan reveal correlations of REE with Fe, P, Ni, Cu. Zn and U, except for Ce that correlates with Mn and Co. Batch trials at different pH resulted in a higher release of REE with decreasing pH and showed, after normalisation to PAAS, a positive Ce-anomaly being typical for the test site groundwater, and decreasing Lu/La and Sm/La with increasing pH. Regarding REE in the groundwater of the test site, the measuring point GTF16 reached with 8.15 mg/l highest REE concentrations measured on this location till this day. Continuous sampling of groundwater allows conclusions of changes in content and distribution of REE. Modelling with PhreeqC 2 showed of preferentially speciation of REE as free Ln3+ and Ln3+ - SO4

2- - complexes.


31

Microbially mediated reactive transport monitoring of heavy metals using rare earth elements.

Ch. Lorenz*, D. Merten, G. Büchel

Institute of Earth sciences, Friedrich Schiller-University of Jena, Germany, *[email protected] The monitoring of rare earth elements (REE) showing specific geochemical behaviour is a suitable tool for studying mobilisation processes of metals. Elution column experiments with untreated contaminated geosubstrate from the former uranium mining site Ronneburg, Thuringia, with total contents of 1,100 mg/kg manganese, 39,400 mg/kg iron and 112 mg/kg cerium (223 mg/kg total REE content) showed a large mobilisation of both elements during the first 5 of 32 days. High release of manganese and iron was accompanied by highest measured redox potentials (+600 mV) as well as changes in the fractionation of light and middle REEs, and a highly elevated cerium anomaly. Sequential extractions of non-leached, and leached material from the column trial, demonstrated a distinctive positive cerium anomaly for the fraction bound to manganese oxides. The massive loss of the former bound Mn(IV) during the first five days, corresponded to rapidly changing redox conditions and decreasing cerium concentrations, while the anomaly itself still appeared. Due to measured high redox potentials, geochemical mobilisation processes should be responsible for this (first) high manganese and moderate iron loss. The increasing Fe release (after 25 days) and stagnating loss of Mn (after the first five days) accompanied with much lower redox potentials (max. +250 mV) implicated additional microbial processes. First microbial investigations including tolerance and reduction tests, were performed with microbes isolated from lower contaminated near-surface test site geosubstrate. Two Mn(II) tolerant strains could be identified as the potential heavy metal resistant strain Cupriavidus metallidurans and the known iron oxidizer Pseudomonas fluorescences. First aerobic Mn(IV) reduction showed no indication of reducing processes. Further anaerobic approaches including rare earth element monitoring will be done to investigate microbial and geochemical mobilisation processes of manganese and iron oxi(hydroxides).

Posters

32

Abstracts of posters

Posters

33

Soil biotope modification by continuous supply of citric acid and ammonium traces: A path to acceptable phytoextraction techniques?

Gerhard Gramss, Georg Büchel and Hans Bergmann Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Burgweg 11, D-07743 Jena, Germany Chelate-assisted phytoextraction of soil heavy metals expanding over decades amplifies primarily the leaching problem. In continuation of our recent studies, cultivars of Beta vulgaris rapaceae, Brassica chinensis, and Brassica juncea were potted on metalliferous soil and daily irrigated with aqueous solutions of 14 mg NH4-N per kg of soil, applied as NH4Cl or (NH4)H2PO4, and/or 42 mg citric-acid carbon (a common field concentration of 1.62 mM citrate in the soil water) over 47 d. In unplanted control soil, degradation of applied citric acid resulted in pH (+0.36 units) and thus in solubility and leaching rate increases (+52 %) of humic substances (HS) which are main ligands and matrices of polyvalent soil minerals. The elements, Al Fe Li Mn Pb Ti were solubilized at higher rates than their potential HS ligand. These effects vanished in planted soils. The presence of citric acid accelerated microbial consume of soil NH4

+ and NO3-, reduced DW and protein content of B.

chinensis shoots but increased exclusively shoot concentrations of Co/Mn (3.4/2.9 times). These metals prefer chelation to citric anions. Supply of NH4

+ to, and its nitrification in unplanted soil resulted in pH (-0.4 units) and solubility (leaching) decreases of HS (-67 %) and minerals (-12 %). This effect persisted in soil planted to B. chinensis (-67/-42 %). Contemporarily, lower pH and the relative shortage in HS ligands encouraged formation of the far more plant-available free cations and metal-chloride complexes. Daily N doses were completely taken up. Relative to water-treated plants, shoots of B. chinensis attained DWs of 130 to 150 %, 370 % protein-N, and 580 % N in free amino acids. The higher availability of soil minerals and possibly the pool of free amino acids acting as xylem metal transporters may have facilitated to increase uptake and shoot translocation of Ca Cd Co Cu Fe Mn Ni Zn in B. chinensis to the 3.6 ± 1-fold. Protein increases of 370 % attracted thus a 361-% increase in the concentration of the biocatalytic, protein-associated transition metals. Combined application of NH4Cl and citric acid reduced pH (-0.53 units) and HS solubility (leaching; -73 %) in unplanted soil relative to the water treatment further. Concentrations of Co Mn Zn in the soil solution, chelated by citric anion, were higher than in the NH4Cl treatment. The protein content of B. chinensis, due to soil microbial competition for N, declined to 319 % and attracted 229 % the concentration of Cu Fe Ni Zn but the 7.0/9.3-fold concentration of Co/Mn in comparison to water-treated plants. Soil treatment with (NH4)H2PO4 increased plant-availability and reduced leaching of soil minerals in a pattern similar to NH4Cl. Treated B. chinensis plants with 5 % Norg and 2.5 % P concentrations by DW in the shoot grew depressive. Brassica juncea reactions to the treatments resembled those of B. chinensis. In beet, however, NH4Cl/(citric acid) treatments increased selectively the shoot concentrations of Ca Cd (Co) (Mn) Ni. It is concluded that Brassica sp. treated with NH4Cl promise to extract the 5-fold quantity of transition metals (calculated from dry wt x protein increase) from metalliferous soil with a leaching rate reduced to 50 %. The treatment should avoid to increase shoot Norg concentrations to the toxic threshold of 4 % by DW.

Posters

34

TREE BARK AS INDICATOR FOR HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN PLANT

K. S. Patel1, D. Sahu1, B. Blazhev2 and R. M. Stefanova2

1School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, CG, India, E. Mail: [email protected]

2 Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and control, 1330-Saofia, Bulgaria, E. Mail: [email protected]

Tree bark protects delicate cambium layer from damage, disease and water loss, and pollution (Panichev & Crindle, 2004). High levels of the heavy metals (including Pb, Cu and Ni) have been recorded in surface soil near a steel plant at Bhilai, Chhattisgarh in India. Bark of trees planted near to the steel plant (Raipur, CG, India) was selected for this investigation. Trees i.e. karanj(pongamia pinnata), banyan (ficus bengalensis), pipal(ficus religiosa), gold mohur (poinciana regia), tamarind (tamarindus indica), parsa (butea monosperma), mango (mangifera indica), munga (moringa oleifera), etc. commonly grown in the tropics were selected for proposed investigation. Barks and leaves 12 trees and the surface soil were collected in November, 2006 using established protocol. They were crushed, dried and sieved out particle mesh size of < 1 mm, the digested with HCl, HNO3 and HF acids. The residue was dissolved in the ultra pure water and the metal contents were analyzed using techniques i.e. ICP-AES, AAS. Their bark and leaf, and the surface soil are used for the investigation of heavy metal (i.e. Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, etc.) load. The total and leachable amount of the heavy metal contents in the soil are investigated to determine the enriched factor in the bark. The morphological and biological variations in the heavy metal load are discussed. The most sensitive bio-indicator to the air pollution is delineated.

Reference: Panichev, N., McCrindle, R.I. (2004) The application of bio-indicators for the assessment of air pollution. J. Environ. Monit. 6: 121 – 123.

Posters

35

Evaluation of different digestion procedures for total metal determination in sediments

Borislav Blazhev1 , Rositsa Stefanova1 , Ljubomir Angelov2 1 National Plant Protection Service, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria In the study have been evaluated tree different digestion procedures for total metal determination in sediments from different origin – hot plate aqua regia digestion; closed microwave digestion with different acid mixtures and ultrasonic digestion. The different digestion procedures were applied on Harbour sediment - certified reference material (CRM) and on river sediment. The results obtained for eight elements – As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Hg – were statistically compared with those from certificate (for CRM) and by reference values from interlaboratory PT scheme (for river sediment). The results obtained from all tree procedures were higher than 80% of the reference values in all of the cases except for Cr. For Hg analysis was investigated only MW and Ultrasonic procedures. In any case, the results obtained from all procedures were statistically comparable to reference values in 85% of the cases. keywords: Digestion procedures; sediments; PT schemes

Posters

36

Impact of non-symbiotic fungi on the solubility of major plant nutrients and heavy metals and on their uptake by Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) from metalliferous soil

Gerhard Gramss, Georg Büchel and Hans Bergmann Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Burgweg 11, D-07743 Jena, Germany Fungal mats available to associate plants in the remediation of organically or heavy-metal contaminated soil comprise primarily mycorrhizal, fairy-ring, and the extremely dense and long-lived coronar mycelia formed by wood-decay fungi around inoculated timber blocks. To determine the influence of saprobic soil fungi on the plant-availability of macronutrients and heavy metals, Chinese cabbage was potted on metalliferous soil colonized by the coronar mycelia of Kuehneromyces mutabilis and Hypholoma fasciculare. Unplanted and non-inoculated treatments as well as sterilized soil samples inoculated with further soil fungi served as controls. Under sterile conditions, mitosporers depleted the soil’ s NH4

+ and NO3- whereas basidiomycetes accumulated

NH4+

(1.5-3 times) and did not compete for the plant’s NO3- resources. All fungi but Scytalidium

lignicola acidified sterile soil by the production of (citric), oxalic, malonic, and/or malic acids and the precipitation of Ca as oxalate. They formed smaller-size humic molecules by liberating protons, carboxylic acids, and laccases, and increased their solubility. Soil acidification and the presence of carboxylic and fulvic acid ligands solubilised K Mg P Co Cu Mn Ni U Zn. Nevertheless, the number of dissolved cations g-1 of dissolved humic substance was lower than in non-inoculated soil, inviting cations to form the less plant-available metal-humic complexes. Mycelia of K. mutabilis/H. fasciculare in non-sterile, potted soil could not compensate for consume of NH4

+ and NO3- by

Chinese cabbage and reduced thus its shoot DW by 23/33 %. Soil pH increases caused by planting and K. mutabilis mycelia resulted in the formation of more soluble and less plant-available metal-humic complexes. The solubility of all elements but Ca increased therefore concomitantly with that of humic substance (deviation 2.4 – 14.4 %) and resulted in higher shoot concentrations in Cu K Ni Zn (40-60 %), but not in Cd Fe Mg Mn P. These uptake preferences indicated that plant uptake and changes in the root-to-shoot translocation of elements were governed by the plant’s N nutrition, but not by the presence of fungal carboxylic acids. Saprobic soil fungi determined to support non-specific metal uptake by plants should thus be found among basidiomycetes of higher soil acidifying and NH4

+ forming capacity.

Posters

37

Relationships between denitrification and metals in soils of the Danube s floodplain

Iordache V1., E. Kothe2, A. Vadineanu1

1Department of Systems Ecology, Univerisity of Bucharest, [email protected] 2Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, [email protected] In order to correctly compute the economic value of the natural services provided by the ecological systems one needs to have knowledge about the positive and negative relationships occuring between the various natural services. In this context, we tested the hypotheses that the retention of heavy metals in soils of lower Danube floodplain influence the export of nitrogen by denitrification. As a first step pe performed a in situ characterisation of the space-time distribution of metals concentrations, denitrification rate and its control parameters in the soils and sediments of floodplain; matrix regressions of metals concentration in soil vs. residuals of the denitrification multiple regression model were built, and metals correlated to denitrification beside their co-variation with other control parameters were identified. The metals significantly correlated to denitrification were Cr in forests and Zn and Cu in marshes/shallow lakes. All oberved in situ correlations were positive. Then we made an ex situ experimental assessment of the effects of selected metals on the denitrification rate. Experiments performed with Zn and Cu showed that stimulation of denitrification occur at low activity rates, but inhibition at high rates, and that the no effect concentrations are comparable with the in situ easily extractable fractions of metals. In conclusion: we detected positive correlations between the denitrification rate and the concentration of Cr, Zn and Cu in the Danube flood plain soils, and 2) we proved that the effect of Zn and Cu on the denitrification rate of a selected soil can be stimulating or inhibiting depending on the intensity of the denitrifing activity.

Posters

38

HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF STEEL PLANT SLUDGE AND ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS

V. K. Jena1, K. S. Patel1, B. Blazhev2 and R. M. Stefanova2



The main potential hazards of steel plants are heavy metals, fluoride, phenol, etc. Among them heavy metals, elements i.e. As, Cd, Hg, Pb is very toxic. Iron ore is smelted in blast furnace with coke and lime to produce pig iron. The production of steel generates a huge amount of liquid and solid waste. The present studies aim the heavy metal contamination of the huge sludge generated by the Asia biggest Bhilai steel plant. It is located at the central position of India, which is one of the major iron belts of India, and it is about 40 kilometer from Raipur, capital of Chattisgarh. The production capacity of the plant is 4.0 million ton of steel per year. The liquid effluent is poured in an artificial lagoon, area � 10 km2. The heavy metal contamination of the waste water and sludge are investigated. The samples were collected from the nine points of the contaminated area in January, 2007. The samples were dried, crushed and particles of mesh size < 0.1 mm was sieved out. The samples were digested with acids using the established methodologies. The content of metals i.e. Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined by using technique i.e. ICP-AES, HG-AAS, and mean contents were found to be 442, 920, 38209, 13637, 10156, 79, 3005, 159249, 28, 55, 243, 17.4, 1.6, 2.9, 1.1 and 115 mg kg-1, respectively. Their partition coefficient in the water phase is determined. Their flux, correlation with ions and main potential hazards are discussed. Their accumulation in the wild plant grown is discussed.

Posters

39

A microsensor study on the O2 consumption in a U(VI ) contaminated multispecies

biofilm

Evelyn Krawczyk-Bärsch1, Kay Großmann1, Thuro Arnold1, Axel Wobus2, Susann Diessner2 1 Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiochemistry, P.O. Box 510119, D- 01314 Dresden, Germany 2 Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Microbiology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany

Multispecies biofilms were cultured in annular rotating biofilm reactors and subsequently exposed to U(VI) in ecological relevant concentration (5×10-5 M and 5×10-6 M). Such concentrations are comparable with uranium concentrations typically found in seepage waters of uranium tailings, e.g. in Saxony/Germany. The resulting response of the microbial biofilm community to the added U(VI) was then studied by electrochemical oxygen microsensors with tip diameters of 10 µm and by staining methods using the fluorogenic redox indicator 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and the DNA-binding fluochrome 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The visualized ratio of CTC-formazan to DAPI intensity was used as an indication of the specific respiratory activity within the biofilms. In addition, 16S rDNA analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) investigations were carried out to study the effect of added uranium on the bacterial diversity. The microsensor measurements revealed that the oxygen concentration in the multispecies biofilms exposed to uranium decreased faster with increasing biofilm depths in comparison to the uranium free biofilms. Analyses of the amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments showed that the addition of uranium induced no changes to the bacterial diversity in the multispecies biofilms. However, the analyses clearly indicated that a stable multispecies biofilms had developed. The metabolic activity, determined by CTC measurements increased in the upper layers of the biofilms by the addition of the uranium shown by faster oxygen consumptions. This indicates that the bacteria in the biofilms battle the toxic effects of aqueous uranium with an increased metabolic activity proven by the increased CTC activity and in particular by faster oxygen consumption in the biofilm profiles.

Posters

40

Copper Mosses from the Schwarzwand in Salzburg/Austria

Katharina Hus, Othmar Horak, Wolfram Adlassnig, Daniela Gruber, Marieluise Weidinger, Irene Lichtscheidl

Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Austria.

We investigate bryophytes from copper-rich soil in the Grossarl valley near Hüttschlag in Salzburg (Hohe Tauern, Austria). From the sites of old copper mines with rock of crystalline slate containing mainly copper and iron originates water that forms two little rivers. The ground of these rivulets is covered with blue-green metal salt. Here grow the bryophytes Mielichhoferia elongata, Pohlia drummondii (mosses) and Scapania undulata (liverworts).

Heavy metal content of plants and soils was analysed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution of heavy metals in the plants was investigated by LINK X-ray microanalysis of air dried plants in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Resistance of the cells towards copper and zinc was tested by bathing the plants in graded solutions of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 for 48 hs.

Copper content in the soil was up to 10.000 ppm, and accordingly the bryophytes had a very high resistance and survived solutions as high as 10-2 mol CuSO4 and up to 10-1 mol ZnSO4. When analysed by AAS, the plant/soil ratio for copper and zinc was smaller than 1 in Mielichhoferia and Scapania, but one or even above in Pohlia. Detailed LINK analysis of individual mosses growing directly in the copper rich soil, however, resulted in only low copper and zinc content of living tips as compared to their older basal stems. In the liverwort Scapania growing directly in running water, the data of AAS and LINK were related.

Our results indicate that bryophytes with relatively large surface in close contact with the soil must be carefully cleaned as individuals and then analysed by LINK; chemical analysis of whole moss pads may be misleading due to contamination.

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41

PHYTOREMEDIATION OF ARSENIC BY TROPICAL PLANTS

K. S. Patel1, Laxmi Tahliyani1, B. Blazhev2 and R. M. Stefanova2


2Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and control, 1330-Sofia, Bulgaria, E. Mail: [email protected]

Phytoremediation is the removal of toxicants by use of vegetation treatment of contaminated soils, sediments, and water where green plants degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify inorganic and organic chemicals. Arsenic is of great environmental concern due to its extensive contamination and carcinogenic toxicity. There is a great need for reliable and cost-effective technologies capable of reducing arsenic in soils to environmentally acceptable levels. The plants i.e. kachnar (Bauhinia tomentosa), baheda (Terminalia bellirica), bel (Aegle marmelos), babul (Acacia arabica), karanj (Pongamia pinnata), banyan (Ficus bengalensis), pipal (Ficus religiosa), gold mohur (Poinciana regia), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), parsa (Butea monosperma), mango (Mangifera indica), munga (Moringa oleifera), etc. commonly grown in the arsenic contaminated village, Kaudikasa (Ambagarh Chauki block Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, CG, India, 20o 42’ – 20o 44’ N latitudes and 80o 43’ – 80o 45’ longitudes) have been selected for the proposed work. The various parts of these plants are used as drugs in the maintenance of personal health and well being. The bark and leaves were collected (in June, 2007) crushed, dried and sieved out particle mesh size of < 1 mm and digested with acids. The residue was dissolved in the ultra pure water and the metal contents were analyzed using techniques: HG-AAS and ICP-AES. The translocation of arsenic in various parts of these plants is discussed. The hyper accumulating species are mapped out.

Posters

42

Proteins Involved in Anoxic Phosphite Oxidation-Combined Proteomic and Genetic Approach

Diliana D. Simeonova1, Iuliana Susnea2, Michael Przybylski2, Bernhard Schink1 1Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Limnology and General Microbiology, Konstanz University, Germany 2Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Konstanz University, Germany

The redox state in biochemistry of the element phosphorus is phosphate [+V]. Nevertheless, scarce amounts can be found in the redox state of phosphite [+III] and hypophosphite [+I], with anthropogenic origin: pesticides, rodenticides, etc.

The inorganic phosphorus sources phosphite or hypophosphite can be used from a few types of bacteria in their assimilative metabolism [1]. The first proof of quantitative phosphite oxidation as a type of energy metabolism was found with the isolation of the anaerobic phosphite-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans strain FiPS-3 [2]. The key enzymes involved in the energy and carbon metabolism were verified for precise understanding of the basic metabolism of this strain.

Soluble and membrane proteins of Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans strain, grown in the presence and in the absence of phosphite were separated on 2-D SDS gels. Four specifically expressed proteins with molecular mass of about 40 kDa, were found in the cultures grown with phosphite. The N-terminal 30 AA of the phosphite induced proteins were obtained through Edman sequencing, and via”bottom-up” proteomic approach was discovered their ORF.

Further studies of these proteins will lead to the better understanding of this new type of bacterial energy metabolism. [1]- William W. Metcalf and Wolfe, R.S.: Molecular Genetic Analysis of Phosphite and Hypophpsphite Oxidation by Pseudomonas stutzeri WM88. J Bacteriol 180 (1998) 5547-5558.

[2]-Schink, B., Thiemann, V., Laue, H. and Friedrich, M.W., (2002). Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans sp. nov., a new marine sulfate reducer that oxidizes phosphite to phosphate. Arch Microbiol 177:381-391.

Posters

43

Evaluation of ecological risk and the influence of biogenic elements Cu and Zn in the food chain “ soil-plant-lambs” of endemic and anthropogenic contaminated

mountain regions in South Bulgaria 1Stefanova, R., 1Blazhev, B., 2Angelow, L.

1National Service for Plant protection, Sofia, N. Mushanov Str. 120, Bulgaria 2Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, 1407-Sofia, Cherni vrach Str. 53, Bulgaria The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of different environmental factors on the transfer of heavy metals Cu and Zn. The study focused on the Cu and Zn availability to the particular levels of the chain “soil-plant-animals” and the accumulating capacity of pasture grass located near the mining area of South Bulgaria. The research was focused on the negative impact of heavy metal Cu and Zn on the soil, plants and animal organism in the Rhodopes mountain region. Soil samples and plant materials were collected from the mining area Madan and Rudosem - near to river Madanska and Arda. The data obtained concerned the each level of food chain that permitted to make an objective estimation of the Cu and Zn supply in the investigated area. The study traced out the soil cupper and zinc background and dynamic of Cu and Zn concentration in the natural and cultivated pasture vegetation during the period 2005-2006. Keywords: soils-plant-water transfer, Cu and Zn availability, excess

Posters

44

HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF STEEL PLANT SLUDGE AND ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS

K. S. Patel1, V. K. Jena1, B. Blazhev2 and R. M. Stefanova2



The main potential hazards of steel plants are heavy metals, fluoride, phenol, etc. Among them heavy metals, elements i.e. As, Cd, Hg, Pb is very toxic. Iron ore is smelted in blast furnace with coke and lime to produce pig iron. The production of steel generates a huge amount of liquid and solid waste. The present studies aim the heavy metal contamination of the huge sludge generated by the Asia biggest Bhilai steel plant. It is located at the central position of India, which is one of the major iron belts of India, and it is about 40 kilometer from Raipur, capital of Chattisgarh. The production capacity of the plant is 4.0 million ton of steel per year. The liquid effluent is poured in an artificial lagoon, area � 10 km2. The heavy metal contamination of the waste water and sludge are investigated. The samples were collected from the nine points of the contaminated area in January, 2007. The samples were dried, crushed and particles of mesh size < 0.1 mm was sieved out. The samples were digested with acids using the established methodologies. The content of metals i.e. Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined by using technique i.e. ICP-AES, HG-AAS, and mean contents were found to be 442, 920, 38209, 13637, 10156, 79, 3005, 159249, 28, 55, 243, 17.4, 1.6, 2.9, 1.1 and 115 mg kg-1, respectively. Their partition coefficient in the water phase is determined. Their flux, correlation with ions and main potential hazards are discussed. Their accumulation in the wild plant grown is discussed.

Posters

45

Phylogenetic Analysis and In Situ Identification of Bacteria Community Composition in Uranium Contaminated Soil

Susann Diessner1, Axel Wobus1, Kay Großmann2, Thuro Arnold2 and Isolde Röske1 1 Department of Biology, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany 2 Institute of Radiochemistry, FZ Rossendorf e.V., P.O. Box 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany Since a considerable part of soil particles and minerals is covered by biofilms these microbial communities have an important influence on the migration of radionuclides like uranium in surface and subsurface environments. Microbial colonisation will alter the adsorption behaviour of radionuclides on these surfaces. Moreover, uranium mobility in the environment can be changed due to microbial oxidation or reduction of uranium. Aim of our study is to analyze the effects of biofilms on the uranium mobility using molecular microbiological methods as well as microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. In a first approach, the microbial diversity of communities at different radionuclide contaminated sites was assessed. The Bacteria community composition was characterized by amplification of 16S rRNA genes and establishment of clone libraries from extracted total DNA. Moreover, the Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH) technique was used to examine the dominance structure of microbial communities. First results of molecular analysis of bacterial diversity showed that biofilms originated from an uranium contaminated site (Ronneburg, Germany) were dominated by members of the ß-subdivision of Proteobacteria. Other frequently observed genera belonged to the Bacteroides/Flavobacteria/Cytophaga group and to the Chloroflexus group, respectively. CARD-FISH analysis confirmed the high proportion of ß-Proteobacteria in the clone library. Next we will investigate the occurrence of sulfate- and metal-reducing bacteria because of their capability to convert U(VI) to water-insoluble U(IV) using specific primers as well as more specific hybridization probes.

Participants

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List of participants

T (Talk) P (Poster) Anke, Manfred Prof. Dr. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften Fax. +49(0)3641 448536 Email: [email protected] Behl, Rishi, Prof. Dr. T Department of Plant Breeding CCS HAU, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India Tel. 91-1662-236124 (Res), 91-1662-289135(Off) Cell: 9416674172 (prefix zero from outside Hisar) Email: [email protected], [email protected] Bergmann, Hans, Prof. Dr. T, P Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Angewandte Botanik Fax: 03641/948742 Blazhev, Borislav P National Plant Protection Service, Sofia, Bulgaria Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control Blvd. Nikola Mushanov 120 Fax number: +3592/ 868-33-73 Phone number: +3592/989-04-75 [email protected] Büchel, Georg, Prof. Dr. Friedrich-Schiller university of Jena, Institute of Geosciences Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Tel: 03641-948600 Fax: 03641-948600 [email protected] Gherghel, Felicia T Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena Tel: 03641 949299 Fax: 03641 949292 [email protected]> Görsch, Kati Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ) Permoser Str.15, 04318 Leipzig Fax number: 0341-2352492 Phone number: 0341-2352571 [email protected] Gramss, Gerhard P

Participants

47

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Grawunder, Anja T Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Fax number: 03641-948742 Phone number: 03641-948742 Email: [email protected] Ebenå, Gustav, Dr. T Statens Energimyndighet, enheten för policyanalys Sweden Email: [email protected] Günther, Alix, Dr. Forschungszentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Radiochemie Postfach 510119, 01314 Dresden, BRD E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +49 351 2603553 Tel.-Nr.: +49 351 2602433 Hacker, Rainer, Dr. AMykor GmbH Kühlturmstr. 25.34.00, D-06808 Greppin Tel.-Nr.: 03493/73900 Fax. 03493/73909 [email protected] www.amykor.de Hopf, Juliane T Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Tel.-Nr.: 03641/948602 Fax: 03641/948722 [email protected] Hus, Katharina Department of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Wien, Austria E-mail [email protected] Fax number: 0043 1 4277 9542 Phone number: 0043 1 4277 54271 Iordache, Virgil Alexandru P Address: Spl. Independentei 91-95 050089 Sector 5 Bucharest Romania Institution: University of Bucharest, Department of Systems Ecology Email: [email protected] JENA VINOD KUMAR P School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Amanaka

Participants

48

Raipur-492010, CG India E-mail: [email protected] Fax number:0091-771-2263439 Phone number:0091-771-2262843 Kießig, Gunter, Dr. T WISUTEC [email protected] Kothe, Erika, Prof. Dr. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena Tel: 03641 949291 Fax: 03641 949292 [email protected] Krause, Katrin, Dr. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena Tel: 03641 949399 Fax: 03641 949292 [email protected] Krawczyk-Baersch, Evelyn, Dr. P Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e.V. Institute of Radiochemistry Postfach 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden Tel.: +49-351-260 2426 Fax.: +49-351-260 3553 Email: [email protected] Kirsten Kuesel, Prof. Dr. Limnology Research Group, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Strasse 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany E-mail address [email protected] Fax number: 03641-949462 Phone number: 03641-949461 Langenhorst, Falko, Prof. Dr. T Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Tel.: (03641) 948700 Fax: (03641) 948602 Email: [email protected] Lichtscheidl, I rene, Prof. Dr P Department of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Wien, Austria www.univie.ac.at/cius E-mail: [email protected]. Fax number: 0043 1 4277 9542 Phone number: 0043 664 432 55 44

Participants

49

Liebert, Hans-Peter, Dr. Quendelweg 5, 07806 Neustadt an der Orla Email: [email protected] Ljubomir, Angelov, Prof. Dr. P Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Department”Biochemistry and Food Safety” 53. Cherni vrach Str., 1407-Sofia, Bulgaria Fax number: +3592/868-30-73 Phone number: +3592/868-30-77 [email protected] Lonschinski, Martin T FSU Jena, Institut f. Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena [email protected]…… Fax-Nummer: 03641-948742 Telefonnummer:03641-948740 Lorenz, Christian T FSU Jena, IGW Wöllnitzer Str. 7, 07749 Jena Email: [email protected] Fax: 03641/9-48742 Phone No: 03641/9-48748 Meier, Angela Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Tel. +49(0)3641 948 634 Fax. +49(0)3641 948 622 [email protected] Merten, Dirk, Dr. Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Tel.: 03641 948616 Fax: 03641 948622 [email protected] Müller, Eberhard, Prof. Dr. Jena Ndejoung, Tchice Basile T Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany [email protected] Neagoe, Aurora, Dr. T Botany, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

Participants

50

Papp, Rainer, Dr. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Projektträger Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Patel, K . S., Prof. Dr. P School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010, CG, India Email: [email protected]

Petrova, I liana, Dr. Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Department “Biochemistry and Food Safety” 53. Cherni vrach Str., 1407-Sofia, Bulgaria Fax: +3592/868-30-73 Phone: +3592/868-30-77 [email protected] Pollok, K ilian, Dr. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Mineralogie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena Tel: 49 3641 948703 Fax: 49 3641 948602 e-mail: [email protected] Raff, Johannes, Dr. Forschungszentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institut für Radiochemie Postfach 510119, 01314 Dresden, BRD E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 49 351 2603553 Tel.-Nr: + 49 351 2602951 Raudaskoski, Marjatta, Prof. Dr. (emerita) T Department of Biology, University of Turku Biocity A, Tykistönkatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Phone. 3582-3338092 Fax: 3582-3338075 [email protected] Rösch, Petra, Dr. Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany [email protected] Schindler, Frank T Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena Tel: 03641 949297 Fax: 03641 949292 [email protected] Schmidt, Andre T

Participants

51

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena Tel: 03641 949391 Fax: 03641 949292 [email protected] Simeonova, Diliana D., Dr. P University of Konstanz, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Limnology and General Microbiology, Department of Biology, AG Schink, M941 Universitaetsstr.10, D-78457 Konstanz Fax: 07531 88 40 47 Phone: 07531 883557 [email protected] Siñeriz Louis, Manuel T Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET. Av Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina [email protected] Sitte, Jana FSU Jena, Institute für Ökologie – AG Limnologie Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Deutschland [email protected] +49 (0) 3641 949462 +49 (0) 3641 949463 Spindler, Angelika T AMykor GmbH Kühlturmstr. 25.34.00, D-06808 Greppin Tel.-Nr.: 03493/73900 Fax. 03493/73909 [email protected] www.amykor.de/[email protected] Sprocati, Anna Rosa, Dr. T Department of Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development, ENEA-Casaccia via Anguillarese 301, 00123 ROME-ITALY tel. +39.06.30484495 fax +39.06.30484808 E-mail [email protected] http://www.enea.it [email protected] Stefanova, Rositsa P National Plant Protection Service, Sofia, Bulgaria Central Laboratory for Chemical Testing and Control Blvd. Nikola Mushanov 120, Sofia, Bulgarien Fax: +3592/ 868-33-73 Phone: +3592/ 868-30-77 [email protected]

Participants

52

Totsche, Kai-Uwe, Prof. Dr. Hydrogeologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena Tel.-Nr.: (03641) 948 650 Fax: (03641) 948 622 [email protected] Turnau, Katarzyna, Prof. Dr. T Department of Ecological Microbiology, Inst. of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland Phone: +48 12 664-51-55 Fax: +48 12 664-69-12 Mobile phone: 506-006-642 [email protected] Walter, Angela T Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany [email protected] Wehrer, Markus T Hydrogeologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geowissenschaften Telefon-Nr.: 03641/948718 Fax: 03641/948602 [email protected] Wernitznig, Stefan Department of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Wien, Austria Fax: 0043 1 4277 9542 Phone: 043 1 4277 54271 Willscher, Sabine, Dr. T Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Forst-, Geo- und Hydrowissenschaften Institut für Abfallwissenschaften und Altlasten Telefon: (03501) 53 00 55 [email protected] Wobus, Axel, Dr. P Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Biologie, AG Molekulare Biotechnologie Helmholtzstraße 10, 01069 Dresden Telefon-Nr.: 0351-463 39155 Fax-Nr.: 0351-463 38714 [email protected] Zeggel, Lars T Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena Tel: 03641 949297 Fax: 03641 949292 [email protected]

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6th Symposium on remediation in Jena “Jenaer ... · polluted sites" 4-5 October 2007 Friedrich Schiller University Jena Wöllnitzer Str. 7, ... Planting regimes on a weakly heavy