6 Perception Enhanced

8/3/2019 6 Perception Enhanced

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Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)

Chapter 6

Perception

James A. McCubbin, PhD

Clemson University

Worth Publishers


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Perception

Selective Attentionfocus of conscious

awareness on aparticular stimulus


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Change Blindness


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Perceptual Illusions


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Perceptual Organization:

Gestalt

Visual Capture

tendency for vision to dominate the

other senses

Gestalt--an organized whole

tendency to integrate pieces ofinformation into meaningful wholes


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Gestalt

Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli

into coherent groups

Grouping Principles proximity--group nearby figures together

similarity--group figures that are similar

continuity--perceive continuous patterns

closure--fill in gaps

connectedness--spots, lines, and areas areseen as unit when connected


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Illusory Contours


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Perceptual Organization

Figure and Ground--organization of the visualfield into objects (figures) that stand out

from their surroundings (ground)


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Grouping Principles


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Closure

Gestalt

groupingprinciplesare at

work here.


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Grouping Principles

Gestalt

groupingprinciplesare at

work here.


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Depth Perception

Depth Perception

ability to see objects in three dimensions

allows us to judge distance

Binocular cues

retinal disparity

images from the two eyes differ

closer the object, the larger the disparity

convergence

neuromuscular cue

two eyes move inward for near objects


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Depth Perception

Visual Cliff


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Depth Perception

Monocular Cues

relative size

smaller image is more distant

interposition

closer object blocks distant object

relative clarity hazy object seen as more distant

texture coarse --> close

fine --> distant


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Depth Perception

Relative Size


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Depth Perception

Interposition


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Depth Perception

Monocular Cues (cont.)

relative height

higher objects seen as more distant relative motion

closer objects seem to move faster

linear perspective parallel lines converge with distance

relative brightness

closer objects appear brighter


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Depth Perception

Relative Height


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Depth Perception

Light and Shadow


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Depth Perception

Illusory Depth


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Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

perceiving objects as unchanging even as

illumination and retinal image change color

shape

size


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Perceptual Organization


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Depth Perception

Illusory Depth

Explanation


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Muller-Lyer Illusion


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Size-Distance Relationship


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Perceptual Organization-

Brightness Contrast


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Grouping Principles

Impossible

doghouse


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Sensory Restriction:

Blakemore & Cooper, 1970

Kittens raisedwithout exposure to

horizontal lineslater had difficultyperceivinghorizontal bars.

Perceptual


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Perceptual

Interpretation

Perceptual Adaptation

(vision) ability to adjust to an

artificially displaced visual field

prism glasses

Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceiveone thing and not another

Perceptual Set:


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Perceptual Set:

Schemas

What you see in thecenter is influenced

by perceptual set

Perceptual Set:


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Perceptual Set:

Schemas

Flying Saucers or Clouds?

Perception and the


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Perception and the

Human Factor

Human Factors Psychology explores how people and machines interact

explores how machine and physical environments can

be adapted to human behaviors

Perceptual Set:


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Perceptual Set:

Human Factors

Actual

descent

path

Pilots perceived

descent path

Altitude looks

this much higher

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

Distance from runway (miles)

10

8

6

4

2

0

Altitude

(thousands

of feet)

Is There Extrasensory


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Is There Extrasensory

Perception?

Extrasensory Perception

controversial claim that perception can occur

apart from sensory input telepathy

clairvoyance

precognition

Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena

ESP

h k

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