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Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Chapter 6
Perception
James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University
Worth Publishers
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Perception
Selective Attentionfocus of conscious
awareness on aparticular stimulus
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Change Blindness
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Organization:
Gestalt
Visual Capture
tendency for vision to dominate the
other senses
Gestalt--an organized whole
tendency to integrate pieces ofinformation into meaningful wholes
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Perceptual Organization:
Gestalt
Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli
into coherent groups
Grouping Principles proximity--group nearby figures together
similarity--group figures that are similar
continuity--perceive continuous patterns
closure--fill in gaps
connectedness--spots, lines, and areas areseen as unit when connected
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Perceptual Organization:
Illusory Contours
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Perceptual Organization
Figure and Ground--organization of the visualfield into objects (figures) that stand out
from their surroundings (ground)
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Perceptual Organization:
Grouping Principles
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Perceptual Organization:
Closure
Gestalt
groupingprinciplesare at
work here.
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Perceptual Organization:
Grouping Principles
Gestalt
groupingprinciplesare at
work here.
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Depth Perception
ability to see objects in three dimensions
allows us to judge distance
Binocular cues
retinal disparity
images from the two eyes differ
closer the object, the larger the disparity
convergence
neuromuscular cue
two eyes move inward for near objects
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Visual Cliff
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Monocular Cues
relative size
smaller image is more distant
interposition
closer object blocks distant object
relative clarity hazy object seen as more distant
texture coarse --> close
fine --> distant
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Relative Size
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Interposition
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.)
relative height
higher objects seen as more distant relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster
linear perspective parallel lines converge with distance
relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Relative Height
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Light and Shadow
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Illusory Depth
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Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging even as
illumination and retinal image change color
shape
size
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Perceptual Organization
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Illusory Depth
Explanation
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Perceptual Organization:
Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Perceptual Organization:
Size-Distance Relationship
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Perceptual Organization-
Brightness Contrast
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Perceptual Organization:
Grouping Principles
Impossible
doghouse
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Sensory Restriction:
Blakemore & Cooper, 1970
Kittens raisedwithout exposure to
horizontal lineslater had difficultyperceivinghorizontal bars.
Perceptual
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Perceptual
Interpretation
Perceptual Adaptation
(vision) ability to adjust to an
artificially displaced visual field
prism glasses
Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceiveone thing and not another
Perceptual Set:
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Perceptual Set:
Schemas
What you see in thecenter is influenced
by perceptual set
Perceptual Set:
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Perceptual Set:
Schemas
Flying Saucers or Clouds?
Perception and the
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Perception and the
Human Factor
Human Factors Psychology explores how people and machines interact
explores how machine and physical environments can
be adapted to human behaviors
Perceptual Set:
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Perceptual Set:
Human Factors
Actual
descent
path
Pilots perceived
descent path
Altitude looks
this much higher
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
Distance from runway (miles)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Altitude
(thousands
of feet)
Is There Extrasensory
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Is There Extrasensory
Perception?
Extrasensory Perception
controversial claim that perception can occur
apart from sensory input telepathy
clairvoyance
precognition
Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena
ESP
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