40

5A O5AW wB #,w5c +k,A 5A+N AN+, # AW wWAv · 5A O5AW wB #,w5c +k,A 5A+N AN+, # AW wWAv ... e

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    37

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

5A��O�5AW� �wB ��#,w5c ��+k,A 5A+N�AN+, ��#��AW��wWAv:

5�M�h ��@||LT@_�)@) @?_ ��ihL BL||@h_�88

`���# bb��D

Fruuhvsrqghqfh wr V1 Fkdwwrsdgk|d|= Xqlyhuvlw| ri Dolfdqwh1 Idfxowdg gh FF1HH1 | HH1/

Ghsduwdphqwr gh Ixqgdphqwrv gho Dq�dolvlv Hfrq�rplfr/Fwud1 Vdq Ylfhqwh gho Udvshlj/ v2q1

369<3/ Who1= .67<98<36733 Id{= .67<98<36;<; H0pdlo= vxeluCphuolq1idh1xd1hv1

Hglwru= Lqvwlwxwr Ydohqfldqr gh Lqyhvwljdflrqhv Hfrq�rplfdv/ v1d1

Iluvw Hglwlrq Vhswhpehu 4<<<

Ghs�rvlwr Ohjdo= Y0543504<<<

LYLH zrunlqj sdshuv r�hu lq dgydqfh wkh uhvxowv ri hfrqrplf uhvhdufk xqghu zd| lq ru0

ghu wr hqfrxudjh d glvfxvvlrq surfhvv ehiruh vhqglqj wkhp wr vflhqwl�f mrxuqdov iru wkhlu �qdo

sxeolfdwlrq1

8 i |�@?! 6� �@h��i?_@ @?_ O��� �L*i4@hU�@!�t uLh �tiu�* _�tU�tt�L?t� i @hi@*tL }h@|iu�* |L @? �ttLU�@|i ,_�|Lh @?_ @ hiuihii uLh �i*Tu�* UL44i?|t� ��@||LT@_�)@)}h@|iu�**) @U!?L�*i_}it �?@?U�@* t�TTLh| uhL4 |�i WVW, @?_ #BW�vA ThL�iU| ��be��Dfe(BL||@h_� �t }h@|iu�* |L ��+ @?_ �N+5A uLh �?@?U�@* t�TTLh|�

88 5� ��@||LT@_�)@)G N?��iht�|) Lu �*�U@?|ic �� BL||@h_�G N?��iht�|@< _� Vi?i3�@ @?_v@*i N?��iht�|)�

5A��O�5AW� �wB ��#,w5c ��+k,A 5A+N�AN+, ��#

��AW��wWAv

5�M�h ��@||LT@_�)@) @?_ ��ihL BL||@h_�

��5A+��A

6Lh @ }i?ih@* U*@tt Lu T�hi i U�@?}i �wB iUL?L4�it �?_ih �?Uih|@�?|)c �i ThL��_i@ UL4T*i|i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ ��i?4@h!i|t @hi L?*) ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i @?_ |�i Uh�|ih�L? Lu i�U�i?U) �t UL?_�|�L?@* �@hi|LLT|�4@*�|)� i @*tL UL?t�_ih @ T@h|�U�*@h U@ti �? ���U� 4@h!i|t u@�* |L Mi i�i? ti^�i?|�@**)UL4T*i|i @?_ ThL��_i @ U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? ��i? |�i Uh�|ih�L? Lu i�U�i?U) �t �i@!i?i_ |Li TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|)�

a,w �Lt�G #D2c #S�ki)�Lh_tG 5|LU�@t|�U ��ih*@TT�?} Bi?ih@|�L?t �L_i*tc �@hi|L �T|�4@*�|)�

2

�� W�A+�#N�AW��i UL?t�_ih @ }i?ih@* U*@tt Lu T�hi i U�@?}ic |�L�Tih�L_ L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?t E�wB�

iUL?L4�it �?_ih �?Uih|@�?|) @?_ U�@h@U|ih�3i |�i LT|�4@*�|) ThLTih|�it Lu UL4Ti|�|��ii^��*�Mh�@ �?_ih _�gihi?| 4@h!i| t|h�U|�hit @?_ ��|� hitTiU| |L @*|ih?@|��i Uh�|ih�@ LuLT|�4@*�|)�

6L**L��?} �@tt< dSo U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu i�U�i?| }hL�|� T@|�t �? |ih4t Lu |�i ThLTih|�itLu |�i�h t�TTLh|�?} UL4Ti|�|��i Th�Uit E*@|ih }i?ih@*�3i_ �? �i?�i?�t|i d�o�c �@*@t!L @?_5�i** d2o @?_ �!�?L @?_ ~�*U�@ d2fo ThL��_i_ t�4�*@h hit�*|t uLh |�i UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�M�h�@ Lu t|@?_@h_c _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB iUL?L4�it�� A�iti @�|�Lht UL?t�_ihi_ T�hi i U�@?}iiUL?L4�it �?_ih Uih|@�?|) ��|� @ � i_ ?�4Mih Lu }LL_t @�@�*@M*i �? i�ih) Tih�L_c @ � i_?�4Mih Lu |�L�Tih�L_ *��i_ @}i?|t MLh? �? i�ih) Tih�L_c @?_ @ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu 4@h!i|t @||�i Mi}�??�?} Lu ��t|Lh) ��ihi @** @}i?|t @hi uhii |L |h@_i�2 A�i) t�L�i_ |�@| E�� �u @}}hi�}@|i i?_L�4i?|t @hi �?�uLh4*) ML�?_i_ @ML�i @?_ Thiuihi?Uit @hi *LU@**) ?L?t@|�@|i_ct|h�U|*) UL?�i @?_ |�i U�h�@|�hi Lu |�i �?_�gihi?Ui ti|t �t ML�?_i_ Mi*L� �?�uLh4*)@UhLtt @}i?|tc |�i? _��ih}i?Ui Lu |�i tih�it LM|@�?i_ �? |�i R�@tt Uh�|ih�L?� E��ihi |�i|ih4t @TTi@h�?} �? |�i tih�it @hi |�i hiU�ThLU@*t Lu |�i ?Lh4t Lu |�i Th�Ui �iU|Lht� �4�T*�it |�@| |�i @ttLU�@|i_ UL4Ti|�|��i @**LU@|�L? �t �@hi|L LT|�4@*( E��� �u Thiuihi?Uit @hit|h�U|*) 4L?L|L?�Uc |�i U�h�@|�hi Lu |�i �?_�gihi?Ui ti|t �t ML�?_i_ @ML�i �?�uLh4*)@UhLtt @}i?|t @?_ |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t �?|ih�Lhc |�i? UL?�ih}i?Ui Lu |�i t@4i ti�h�it �4T*�it |�@| |�i UL4Ti|�|��i @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| �@hi|L LT|�4@*� A�i @h}�4i?| i T*L�|t@ T@�h Lu U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?t uLh i@U� @}i?|( |�iti @hi �?i^�@*�|�it ���U� hi*@|i U�@?}it�? |�i UL4TLt�|�L? Lu i Ti?_�|�hi @UhLtt |�i |�L Tih�L_t Lu |�i @}i?|<t *�uic hi*@|��i |L|�i UL4TLt�|�L? @| |�i i^��*�Mh��4 *i�i* Lu UL?t�4T|�L?c |L U�@?}it �? |�i @}i?|<t �|�*�|)*i�i*� A�i �?|ih@U|�L? Mi|�ii? |�i U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?t @?_ |�i ui@t�M�*�|) UL?_�|�L?t *i@_|L |�i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? hit�*|� A��t hit�*| �@t Mii? t�Mti^�i?|*) i |i?_i_c M) ��h!i dDo@?_ Bi@?@!LT*Lt @?_ �L*i4@hU�@!�t d�2o @4L?} L|�ihtc �? T@h|�U�*@h |L iUL?L4�it ��ihi|�i ?�4Mih Lu @}i?|t MLh?c @?_ |�i ?�4Mih Lu UL44L_�|�it @�@�*@M*ic �@h) L�ih |�4i�

��h uLU�t �t L? �wB iUL?L4�it ��|� �?Uih|@�?|)� �L tTiU�@* @tt�4T|�L?t @hi 4@_iL? |�i t|h�U|�hi Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|)( �| �t t�4T*) @tt�4i_ |L Mi hiThiti?|i_ M) @ _@|i�i�i?| |hii ��ihi i@U� ?L_i �@t @ �?�|i ?�4Mih Lu t�UUittLht� �t @ UL?ti^�i?Uic |�i?�4Mih Lu EUL?|�?}i?|� UL44L_�|�it @| i@U� _@|i �?Uhi@tit L�ih |�4ic @?_ ��** |)T�U@**)|i?_ |L �?�?�|)� Wu �i �ihi |L 4@�?|@�? |�i @tt�4T|�L? |�@| @}i?|t @hi uhii |L |h@_i L?@ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu 4@h!i|t @| |�i �?�|�@* Tih�L_ Lu |�i iUL?L4)c tL |�@| @}i?|t i�@*�@|i|�i�h UL?t�4T|�L? T*@?t �? |ih4t Lu |�i�h i @?|i �|�*�|) E��i� MiuLhi @?) hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i�?Uih|@�?|)�c |�i? |�i L?*) UL4T*�U@|�L? |�@| �i �L�*_ u@Ui �t |�i u@U| |�@| |�i _�4i?t�L?Lu |�i UL44L_�|) tT@Ui �?Uhi@tit L�ih |�4i E@?_c |)T�U@**)c |i?_t |L �?�?�|)�� W? |��t ti|��Tc @}i?|t< Thiuihi?Uit @hi t|h�U|*) 4L?L|L?i �? @** UL44L_�|�it @�@�*@M*i @| @ }��i? _@|i@?_ |�i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu |�Lti UL4T*i|i 4@h!i| UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L?t���U� @hi i @?|i �@hi|L LT|�4@* �t i@t�*) LM|@�?i_ uhL4 |�i hit�*|t ThL�i_ �? dDo @?_ d�2ouLh }i?ih@* _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB iUL?L4�it( �| �t }��i? M) |�i _��ih}i?Ui Lu @ tih�it ��Lti|ih4t @hi |�i hiU�ThLU@*t Lu |�i ?Lh4t Lu |�i �iU|Lh Lu @** Th�Uit @| @ _@|i�

4Vhh dovr Ervh ^7`15Dv lv zhoo nqrzq/ wkh htxloleulxp doorfdwlrqv zlwk wklv pdunhw vwuxfwxuh duh wkh vdph dv wkh htxloleuld

zlwk d vhtxhqwldo vwuxfwxuh ri pdunhwv�d v|vwhp ri vsrw pdunhwv dqg rqh dvvhw/ srvvleo| lq qrq}hur qhwvxsso| +h1j1 �dw prqh|,/ doorzlqj wudqvihuv ri lqfrph dfurvv shulrgv1

N?_ih �?Uih|@�?|) �i U@??L| �?_ @ ti^�i?|�@* t|h�U|�hi Lu 4@h!i|t ��ihi @}i?|t |h@_iL?*) @u|ih |�i) @hi MLh? @?_ ���U� t�TTLh|t |�i t@4i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L?t @t ��i?@}i?|t �@�i �?hit|h�U|i_ @UUitt |L @ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu 4@h!i|t @| |�i �?�|�@* _@|i( |��t �t�? UL?|h@t| ��|� |�i U@ti Lu Uih|@�?|)� `�i? |h@_�?} �t ti^�i?|�@*c @}i?|t ��** �? u@U| Mi�?@M*i |L �?t�hi @}@�?t| |�i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|) @| |�i |�4i Lu |�i�h M�h|� tL|�@| 4@h!i|t @hi ?iUitt@h�*) �?UL4T*i|i� A�i R4Lt| UL4T*i|i� 4@h!i| t|h�U|�hi ���U��t UL4T@|�M*i ��|� |�i _i4L}h@T��U t|h�U|�hi Lu |�i iUL?L4) @?_ |�i ti^�i?|�@* ?@|�hiLu |h@_�?} �t U@**i_ ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t ��ihic �? i@U� Tih�L_c @?_ uLh i@U�hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|)c tTL| 4@h!i|t i �t| uLh i�ih) UL44L_�|) @?_ |�ihi �t @*tL@ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| U*@�4t ��Lti T@)Lg �t UL?|�?}i?| L? @** TLtt�M*ii�i?|t ?i | Tih�L_c UL?_�|�L?@* L? |�i U�hhi?| i�i?|� �) |h@_�?} �? |�iti 4@h!i|t �? |�i|�L Tih�L_t Lu ��t *�uic i@U� @}i?| U@? u�**) �?t�hi @}@�?t| |�i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|)cM�| L?*) UL?_�|�L?@**) L? |�i i�i?| @| ��t M�h|��

`�i? 4@h!i|t @hi L?*) ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|ic |)T�U@**)c UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ ��**?L| Mi i @?|i �@hi|L LT|�4@*� � 4Lhi @TThLTh�@|i ?L|�L? uLh i�@*�@|�?} |�i i�U�i?U)ThLTih|�it Lu @**LU@|�L?t ��i? |h@_it |@!i T*@Ui ti^�i?|�@**) �t |�i ?L|�L? Lu UL?_�|�L?@*�@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) E����c �ht| ThLTLti_ M) ��i?U� d�bo�� �UULh_�?} |L |��t Uh�|ih�L?c@}i?|t< �i*u@hi �t i�@*�@|i_ M) UL?_�|�L?�?} |�i�h �|�*�|) L? |�i i�i?| @| |�i _@|i Lu |�i�hM�h|�� �}i?|t @hi |��t _�t|�?}��t�i_ ?L| L?*) @UULh_�?} |L |�i�h |)Ti @?_ |�i�h _@|i LuM�h|� M�| @*tL @UULh_�?} |L |�i i�i?| @| |�@| _@|ic @?_ @? @}i?|<t Thiuihi?Uit @hi _i�?i_L�ih @ t�Mti| Lu @** |�i UL44L_�|�it @�@�*@M*i �? |�i |�L Tih�L_t Lu |�@| @}i?|<t *�ui|�4it�?Ui |�i UL44L_�|�it ���U� i?|ih |�i �|�*�|) u�?U|�L? Lu @? @}i?| MLh? @| _@|i | @hi |�i_@|i | @?_ | n � UL44L_�|�it ��Lti @�@�*@M�*�|) �t UL?|�?}i?| L? |�i LUU�hhi?Ui Lu |�iT@h|�U�*@h i�i?| @| |�i @}i?|<t M�h|��

A�i ThLM*i4 Lu i�@*�@|�?} @ TLtt�M*i hi@**LU@|�L? Lu hitL�hUit �? |ih4t Lu |�i ���Uh�|ih�L?c ��ihi |�i hi@**LU@|�L? �t hi*@|��i |L @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 LM|@�?i_ ��|�ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|tc U@??L| Mi hi_�Ui_ |L @ L?i�_�4i?t�L?@* ThLM*i4 �? ���U�L?*) |�i U�@?}i �? |�i |L|@* i Ti?_�|�hi @| @ _@|i 4@||iht( |��t �t �? UL?|h@t| |L |�iU@ti Lu |�i _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB 4L_i* ELhc 4Lhi }i?ih@**)c |L |�i UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t U@ti��`�|� �?Uih|@�?|)c @ hi@**LU@|�L? Lu hitL�hUit �?_�Uit ti^�i?Uit Lu |h@?tuiht ELu �?UL4i LhR�@*�i�� @*L?} _�t|�?U| T@|�t �? |�i _@|i�i�i?| |hii ��|� |�i ui@t�M�*�|) UL?_�|�L? t@|�t�i_@| i@U� _@|i�i�i?|� `�i? 4@h!i|t @hi L?*) ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|ic @}i?|t Lu |�i t@4i|)Ti MLh? @| |�i t@4i _@|i M�| �? _�gihi?| i�i?|t @hi UL?t�_ihi_ |L Mi _�t|�?U| tL |�@|?L?3ihL *i�i*t Lu |h@?tuiht UL?_�|�L?@* L? 4Lhi |�@? L?i i�i?| @| @ }��i? _@|i *i@_ |L@? i |hi4i*) h�U� ti| Lu hi_�t|h�M�|�L?@* TLtt�M�*�|�it t�?Ui |�i) @giU| _�gihi?| @}i?|t��LhiL�ihc @t i@U� @}i?| U@hit @ML�| L?*) tL4i Lu |�i UL44L_�|�it @�@�*@M*i @| @ _@|ic|�i U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?t |�@| L?i LM|@�?t @hi �?i^�@*�|�it ���U� UL?t�_ih U�@?}it �? i �Ti?_�|�hi �? |�i i�i?| @| ���U� |�i @}i?| �t MLh? @?_ |�i U�@?}it �? i Ti?_�|�hi �? |�iti| Lu �44i_�@|i t�UUittLh i�i?|t� `�i|�ih Lh ?L| @ hi@**LU@|�L? �t �4ThL��?} _iTi?_tL? |�i �?|ih@U|�L?c @UhLtt @ UL**iU|�L? Lu T@|�tc @4L?} |�i |h@?tuiht |�@| |�i hi@**LU@|�L?}i?ih@|it( �? T@h|�U�*@hc |�i U�@?}it �? i Ti?_�|�hi @| _�gihi?| i�i?|t @| |�i t@4i _@|ic@?_ ?L| ��t| |�i �@*�i Lu |�i U�@?}i @| @ }��i? _@|ic ?ii_ |L Mi UL?t�_ihi_� Oi?Ui |�i�tt�i Lu U�@h@U|ih�3�?} |�Lti i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L?tc LM|@�?i_ ��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i

6Vhh Gxwwd dqg Srohpdufkdnlv ^44` iru d glvfxvvlrq ri wkh ydulrxv fulwhuld iru rswlpdolw| lq ROJhfrqrplhv xqghu xqfhuwdlqw|1

e

4@h!i|tc ���U� @hi i�U�i?| hi*@|��i |L |�i ��� Uh�|ih�L? �t u@h 4Lhi UL4T*i |�@? |�i@?@*L}L�t ThLM*i4 �? |�i _i|ih4�?�t|�U U@ti E@?_ �|t }i?ih@*�3@|�L?t @t Thiti?|i_ �? dDo@?_ d�2o� @?_ |�Lti i@h*�ih hit�*|t U@??L| Mi i@t�*) i |i?_i_ |L |�i iUL?L4�it UL?t�_ihi_�? |��t T@Tih�

�?i Lu |�i 4@�? hit�*|t Lu |��t T@Tih �t |�i _ih��@|�L? Lu @ ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?|UL?_�|�L? uLh |�i UL?_�|�L?@* �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) Lu UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� ti^�i?|�@**)UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t �?_ih }i?ih@* @tt�4T|�L?t L? |�i iUL?L4)( |��t �t it|@M*�t�i_ �? A�i�Lhi4t � @?_ 2� A�i UL?_�|�L? �i LM|@�? hi^��hit �t |L UL?t�_ihc uLh i@U� }��i? UL**iU|�L?Lu T@|�t ELh 4Lhi ThiU�ti*)c uLh i@U� Rt�M�|hii��c |�i Mi�@��L�h Lu @** |�i Th�Ui tih�it @t�tLU�@|i_ ��|� |�iti T@|�t� A�i |ih4t @TTi@h�?} �? i@U� Th�Ui tih�it @hi |�i hiU�ThLU@*t Lu|�i ?Lh4t Lu |�i �iU|Lht Lu Th�Uit @| @ ?L_ic 4�*|�T*�i_ M) |�i �@*�it Lu @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?_i�?i_ uLh i@U� ?L_i �? |�i t�M�|hii� �t �i @h}�i_ @ML�ic |�i UL?t�_ih@|�L? Lu TLtt�M*ihi_�t|h�M�|�L?t Lu hitL�hUit hi^��hit �t |L i @4�?i |�i �?|ih@U|�L? @4L?} |h@?tuiht _i�?i_@UhLtt @ UL**iU|�L? Lu T@|�t( �i?Ui �i ?ii_ |L i�@*�@|i |�i hi*@|��i R�4TLh|@?Ui� Lu �@h�L�t?L_it @| i@U� _@|i� A��t �t �?_ii_ |�i hL*i Lu |�i �i�}�| u�?U|�L? ��Lti �@*�it U@? Mi�?|ihThi|i_ @t @ UL?_�|�L?@* ThLM@M�*�|) Lu hi@U��?} @ ?L_i uhL4 |�i hLL| Lu |�i t�M�|hii�

A�i uLh4 Lu |�i UL?_�|�L? |�@| �i LM|@�? �t h@|�ih _�gihi?| uhL4 |�i L?i _ih��i_ uLh|�i _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB 4L_i* ELhc i^���@*i?|*)c uLh |�i U@ti Lu UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t� |�L�}��| hi_�Uit |L |�@| UL?_�|�L? �? |�i tTiU�@* U@ti �? ���U� |�ihi �t ?L �?Uih|@�?|)� �| @ 4Lhi@Mt|h@U| *i�i*c L�h hit�*|t �?_�U@|i �L� @ U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu i�U�i?U) U@? Mi LM|@�?i_ �?|�i 4Lhi }i?ih@* U@ti �? ���U� @}i?|t U@hi uLh L?*) @ t�Mti| Lu |�i ti| Lu UL44L_�|�it@�@�*@M*i @| i@U� TL�?| �? |�4i�e

A�i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? Thiti?|i_ �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2 �t ?L| i@t) |L�ih�u) @?_ |L �Lh! ��|�� Oi?Uic �? A�iLhi4 � @?_ �LhL**@h) � �i ThL��_i @*|ih?@|��it��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t uLh ��� ���U� @hi t|hL?}ih M�| i@t�ih |L �ih�u)� A�iti UL?_�|�L?thi^��hi |�i UL?t�_ih@|�L?c @}@�? uLh i@U� }��i? UL**iU|�L? Lu T@|�tc Lu @ t�?}*i tih�it ��Lti|ih4t @hi |�i hiU�ThLU@* Lu |�i t�4 Lu |�i ?Lh4t Lu |�i �iU|Lht Lu Th�Uit @UhLtt ?L_it @|@ }��i? _@|i�

`�i? �i UL?t�_ih @ hit|h�U|i_ U*@tt Lu iUL?L4�itc @?_c �? T@h|�U�*@hc @ 4Lhi tTiU��U�?Uih|@�?|) t|h�U|�hic L�h U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? hit�*| |@!it @ t�4T*ih uLh4� 6Lh |�i tTiU�@* U@tiLu L?i }LL_ �wB iUL?L4�it ��|� t|@|�L?@h) �@h!L� �?Uih|@�?|)c �i t�L� E�? A�iLhi4e� |�@| |�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? _ih��i_ �? L�h �LhL**@h) � �t @*tL ?iUitt@h) uLh t|@|�L?@h)i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t |L Mi ���c @?_ hi_�Uit |L @ �ih) t�4T*iUL?_�|�L? L? |�i �@*�i Lu |�i _L4�?@?| hLL| Lu |�i 4@|h� Lu UL?|�?}i?| U*@�4 Th�Uit�

`�i? 4@h!i|t @hi ?L| ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|ic ��i� ��i? @}i?|t @hi �?@M*i |L �?t�hi@}@�?t| @** tL�hUit Lu �?Uih|@�?|) @giU|�?} |�i4 @u|ih |�i�h M�h|�c UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ @hi|)T�U@**) ?L| i�i? ���� � }i?ih@* �?�it|�}@|�L? Lu |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu UL4Ti|�|��ii^��*�Mh�@ �? |��t U@ti }Lit Mi)L?_ |�i tULTi Lu |��t T@Tih� Oihi �i ��** L?*) i @4�?i |�iU@ti Lu @ t�4T*i @tti| t|h�U|�hi ��|� @ t�?}*i L?i�Tih�L_ @tti|c @ ML?_ ��|� @ UL?t|@?|hi@* hi|�h?c @?_ i @4�?i �|t i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it ��|� hitTiU| |L @ ?L|�L? Lu LT|�4@*�|)���U� �t �i@!ih |�@? ���c i TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) E,����� �UULh_�?} |L |��t Uh�|ih�L?c

7Ghwhuplqlvwlf ROJ hfrqrplhv lq zklfk djhqwv olyh iru pruh wkdq wzr shulrgv surylgh dqrwkhu h{dpsohzkhuh wkh frpsrvlwlrq ri wudqvihuv dw d gdwh dfurvv djhqwv eruq dw gl�huhqw gdwhv qhhgv wr eh frqvlghuhg1Wkh uhirupxodwlrq ri vxfk dq hfrqrp| dv dq hfrqrp| zlwk wzr shulrg olihwlphv uhvxowv lq djhqwv fdulqjderxw rqo| d vxevhw ri frpprglwlhv dydlodeoh lq hdfk shulrg lq wkh wudqviruphg hfrqrp|1

D

@}i?|t< �i*u@hi �t i�@*�@|i_ M) UL?_�|�L?�?} ?L| L?*) L? |�i t|@|i ��i? )L�?} M�| @*tLL? |�i t|@|i hi@*�3i_ �? |�i tiUL?_ Tih�L_ Lu |�i�h *��it� �}i?|t @hi |�i? _�t|�?}��t�i_M) |�i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|) L�ih |�i�h i?|�hi *�ui|�4i� W? |��t t�|�@|�L? i�U�i?U)UL?Uih?t L?*) |�i @**LU@|�L? Lu UL44L_�|�it @| i@U� }��i? _@|i�i�i?|c @?_ L�ih |�4ic M�|?L| @UhLtt t|@|it E��i� ?L| |�i @**LU@|�L? Lu h�t!��

W? A�iLhi4 D �i ThL��_i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t uLh |�i i TLt| �@hi|LLT|�4@*�|) Lu UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ ��i? @ ML?_ �t |�i L?*) @tti|� A�i UL?_�|�L?t �iLM|@�? @hi @}@�? L? UL**iU|�L?t Lu tih�it Lu �i�}�|i_ hiU�ThLU@*t Lu |�i ?Lh4t Lu Th�Ui�iU|Lhtc @t �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2� � Uh�U�@* _�gihi?Uic �L�i�ihc �t |�i u@U| |�@| |�i�i�}�|�?} u@U|Lh �t ?L� �?��LU@**) _i|ih4�?i_ M) |�i @�ih@}i Lu |�i @}i?|t< w@}h@?}i4�*|�T*�iht E|��tc |L i�@*�@|i |�i i�U�i?U) Lu UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L?t �i ?ii_|L !?L� ?L| L?*) |�i t�TTLh|�?} Th�Uit M�| @*tL |�i w@}h@?}i 4�*|�T*�iht Lu @** @}i?|t��

A�ihi �@t Mii? tL4i i@h*�ih �Lh! L? |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�itc ��|� hitTiU| |L |�i��� Uh�|ih�L?c Lu L?i UL44L_�|) �wB iUL?L4�it ��|� t|@|�L?@h) �?Uih|@�?|) E�i*i_d2�oc �@?�i**� d�.oc ~�*U�@ d2eoc i|U��� i _�tU�tt �? _i|@�* |�i hi*@|�L? Lu L�h �Lh! |L |��t*�|ih@|�hi @?_ t�L� |�@| @** |�iti i@h*�ih hit�*|t U@? Mi LM|@�?i_ @t tTiU�@* U@tit Lu L�hhit�*|t�

A�i hit| Lu |�i T@Tih �t t|h�U|�hi_ @t uL**L�t� 5iU|�L? 2 Thiti?|t |�i 4L_i* @?_ ?L|@�|�L?� W? 5iU|�L? � �i Thiti?| @ U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L?t |�@| @hi �����i? 4@h!i|t @hi ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|ic ���*i �? 5iU|�L? e �i uLU�t L�h @||i?|�L? L?t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@� W? 5iU|�L? D �i �?|hL_�Ui @ ET@h|�U�*@h� �?UL4T*i|i @tti| t|h�U|�hi@?_ �i U�@h@U|ih�3i |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu i^��*�Mh�@ LM|@�?i_ ��|� |�@| @tti| t|h�U�|�hi ��|� hitTiU| |L |�i �i@!ih ,��� Uh�|ih�L? Lu LT|�4@*�|)� �** ThLLut @hi UL**iU|i_ �?5iU|�L? S�

S

2� AO, ��#,wi UL?t�_ih @ }i?ih@*c |�L Tih�L_c T�hi i U�@?}i L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?t E�wB� iUL?L4)

�?_ih �?Uih|@�?|)� A�i iUL?L4) i�L*�it �? _�tUhi|i |�4i ��|� �?Uih|@�?|) _itUh�Mi_ M)@? @Mt|h@U| _@|i�i�i?| |hii @t �? ��@T|ih . Lu #iMhi� dbo Lh +@_?ih d22o�

W? |��t tiU|�L? E@?_ �? 4Lt| Lu |�i T@Tih� �i ��** UL?t�_ih |�i U@ti �? ���U� 4@h!i|t@hi ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i tL |�@| @}i?|t @hi @M*i |L �?t�hi @}@�?t| @** h�t!t |�@| @h�ti @u|ih|�i) @hi MLh? M�| @hi �?@M*i |L �?t�hi @}@�?t| |�i h�t! Lu Mi�?} MLh? �? @ T@h|�U�*@h i�i?|�A��t t�|�@|�L? �t �t�@**) _itUh�Mi_ M) @tt�4�?} |�@| @| i�ih) _@|i�i�i?|c |�ihi i �t|t@ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu tTL| 4@h!i|t @?_ L?i Tih�L_ uLh�@h_ 4@h!i|tc UL?|�?}i?| L? @** |�iTLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L?t Lu �?Uih|@�?|) @| |�i ?i | _@|i }��i? |�i U�hhi?| _@|i�i�i?|� Oihi�i UL?t�_ih |�i uL**L��?} i^���@*i?| t|h�U|�hi Lu 4@h!i|tG @| |�i �?�|�@* _@|ic |�ihi i �t|t@ UL4T*i|i ti| Lu �hhL��#iMhi� UL?|�?}i?| UL44L_�|) 4@h!i|tc M�| i@U� @}i?| �t @**L�i_|L |h@_i L?*) L? |�i 4@h!i|t uLh _i*��ih) UL?|�?}i?| L? |�i i�i?| @| ��t M�h|� @?_ L? |�ii�i?|t |�@| U@? LUU�h �? |�i ?i | Tih�L_ }��i? |�i i�i?| @| M�h|�� W| �t i@t) |L t�L� |�@||�i @}i?|<t LTTLh|�?�|�it uLh |h@_i @hi |�i t@4i �? |�i |�L 4@h!i| t|h�U|�hit�

i |�h? |L @ uLh4@* _itUh�T|�L? Lu |�i 4L_i* @?_ |�i ?L|@|�L? �ti_�A�4i �t _�tUhi|i @?_ _@|it @hi _i?L|i_ M) | ' �c 2c �c � � ��N?Uih|@�?|) �t _itUh�Mi_ M) @ _@|i�i�i?| |hii ���U� �t _i�?i_ M) E�� jfc |�i hLL| Lu

|�i |hiic E��� �?�|i ti|t P|c uLh | � �c @?_ E���� @ ti| Lu u�?U|�L?t sf G P� $ jf @?_s | G P|n� $ P|c uLh | � �c ��ihi i@U� u�?U|�L? �t t�h�iU|��i� #i�?i P G' ^|D�P| @?_K G' P ^ ijfj( �i ��** @M�ti ?L|@|�L? @?_ �ti K |L _i?L|i @ }i?ih�U _@|i�i�i?| |hii�,*i4i?|t Lu K @hi U@**i_ ?L_it E|L Mi |�L�}�| Lu @t |�i R_@|i�i�i?|t� Lh t�4T*) Ri�i?|t��c@?_ @ }i?ih�U ?L_i �t _i?L|i_ M) j� P| �t |�i ti| Lu @** ?L_it @| _@|i |( |��t �u j 5 P| �it@) |�@| j �t @ ?L_i @| _@|i | EtL4i|�4it |�i ?L|@|�L? j| ��** Mi �ti_ |L t|hitt |�i u@U||�@| �i @hi hiuihh�?} |L @ ?L_i @| _@|i |�c @?_ |�i u�?U|�L? s |3�Ej� �_i?|��it |�i ?L_i @||� � ���U� �t |�i �?�^�i Thi_iUittLh Lu j�D

B��i? @ ?L_i j 5 Pc |Ej� _i?L|it |�i �@*�i Lu | @| ���U� j 5 P|( |�i ti| Lu �44i_�@|it�UUittLh ?L_it Lu j ��** Mi _i?L|i_ M) jn E|��tc �u j 5 P|c jn �t |�i ti| Lu ?L_itc @| _@|i|n �c t�U� |�@| j �t |�i�h �44i_�@|i Thi_iUittLh�� 5�4�*@h*)c |�i �?�^�i Thi_iUittLh Lu @?L_i jc }��i? M) s |Ej�3�Ej�c ��** @*tL Mi hiuihhi_ |L @t j3�� A�i |L|@* ?�4Mih Lu ?L_it @||c rP|c ��** Mi _i?L|i_ M) 7|( 7Ej� G' rjn �t |�i? |�i ?�4Mih Lu �44i_�@|i t�UUittLhtLu j ELh |�i Mh@?U��?} ?�4Mih Lu j��S

� T@|� �t _i�?i_ M) @? �?�?�|i ti^�i?Ui Lu ?L_it ij|j|D� t�U� |�@|c uLh @** | � �cj| ' s |Ej|n��c @?_ ��** Mi _i?L|i_ M) j"�

u UL44L_�|�it @hi @�@�*@M*i uLh UL?t�4T|�L? @| i@U� ?L_i j 5 P��| i@U� ?L_i j 5 P @ }i?ih@|�L? Lu M @}i?|t �t MLh?� ,@U� @}i?| *��it @| |�L _@|itc

|Ej� @?_ |Ej� n �� A�i u@U| |�@| @}i?|t @hi �?@M*i |L |h@_i �? 4@h!i|t Lgih�?} �?t�h@?Ui@}@�?t| |�i i�i?| @| |�i�h M�h|� �t U@T|�hi_ M) hi^��h�?} |�@| |�i UL?t�4T|�L? T*@? Lu

8Wklv gh�qlwlrq ri d gdwh0hyhqw wuhh ohdgv gluhfwo| wr dqrwkhu vwdqgdug gh�qlwlrq lq zklfk wkh rughuhgsdluv +i w+�w.4,> �w.4, duh fdoohg dufv dqg lqgxfh d sduwldo rughu rq � zlwk wkh surshuwlhv wkdw +l, hdfkqrgh wudfhv lwv ruljlq/ e| wkh sduwldo rughu ri suhfhghqfh/ wr �3/ dqg +ll, hdfk qrgh/ h{fhsw �3/ kdv h{dfwo|rqh suhghfhvvru zklfk lv dovr dq hohphqw ri �1

9Vlqfh doo wkh ixqfwlrqv i w+�, duh vxumhfwlyh/ V+�, � 4 iru doo qrghv1 Zh wuhdw wklv uhvwulfwlrq +l1h1 wkhhfrqrp| _qhyhu hqgv%, dv sduw ri wkh gh�qlwlrq ri d wuhh1 Jlyhq wkdw rxu lqwhuhvw lv lq rswlpdolw|/ wklv lvzlwkrxw orvv ri jhqhudolw|1

.

@? @}i?| tTiU�u) |�i *i�i* Lu UL?t�4T|�L? �? |�i i�i?| @| M�h|� @?_ �? �|t �44i_�@|it�UUittLh ?L_itc @?_ |�@| ��t Thiuihi?Uit Mi _i�?i_ L�ih t�U� T*@?t� 5Lc @? @}i?| U@?Mi _�t|�?}��t�i_ @UULh_�?} |L ��t |)Ti � @?_ |�i ?L_i �_i?|�u)�?} |�i i�i?| @| ��t M�h|�(UL?ti^�i?|*)c @ 4i4Mih Lu }i?ih@|�L? j Lu |)Ti � �t _i?L|i_ M) Ejc ���

W? @__�|�L?c |�ihi �t @ ti| Lu M L?i�Tih�L_ *��i_ @}i?|t ��L i?|ih |�i iUL?L4) @| i@U�?L_i j 5 P� @| _@|i �( |�i) UL?t|�|�|i |�i }i?ih@|�L? Lu |�i R�?�|�@* L*_�c @?_ @hi �?_i i_M) Ejc �c J�c ��ihi j 5 P��

,@U� @}i?| Ejc �� �t _itUh�Mi_ M) @ UL?t�4T|�L? ti|c fjc�c @? i?_L�4i?| �iU|Lhc/Ejc ��c @?_ @ �|�*�|) u�?U|�L?c �jc�E�� EuLh |�i �?�|�@* L*_c fjc�cJc /Ej(�c J�c @?_ �jc�cJE����� UL?t�4T|�L? T*@? uLh @}i?| Ejc �� ��** Mi _i?L|i_ M) %Ejc �� E%Ej(�c J� uLh |�i �?�|�@*L*_��.

6Lh @** Ejc�� 5 P �Mc |�i i*i4i?|t Lu |�i i?_L�4i?| �iU|Lh /Ejc �� Lu @}i?| Ejc ��c_itUh�M�?} |�i i?_L�4i?| @| M�h|� @?_ �? @** t�UUittLh ?L_itc ��** Mi �h�||i? @t uL**L�tGE/Ej(jc ��c E/Ej�(jc ���j�Mj n�� 5�4�*@h*)c |�i i*i4i?|t Lu |�i UL?t�4T|�L? �iU|Lh %Ejc ��@hi E%Ej(jc ��c E%Ej�(jc ���j�Mj n��

#i?L|�?} M) /Ej� |�i |L|@* i?_L�4i?| @| ?L_i jc �i �@�i |�i?G/Ej� G'

S�MM/Ej(jc �� n

S�MM/Ej(�c J� uLh j 5 P�c

/Ej� G'S

�MM/Ej(jc �� nS

�MM/Ej(j3�c �� uLh j 5 ^|D2P|��}i?|t< Thiuihi?Uit @?_ i?_L�4i?|t @hi @tt�4i_ |L t@|�tu) |�i uL**L��?} t|@?_@h_

UL?_�|�L?tG

�55N��AW�� �GE�� � � u 4c � � M 4c @?_ � � 7Ej� � 77 4 uLh @** j 5 K�E��@� 6Lh @** Ejc�� 5 P� �Mc fjc�cJ ' -u

nc /Ej(�c J� 5 -unc

�jc�cJ G fjc�cJ $ - �t �2c t|h�U|*) 4L?L|L?ic @?_ _�gihi?|�@M*) t|h�U|*) ^�@t��UL?U@�i�E��M� 6Lh @** Ejc �� 5 P�Mc fjc� ' -uE�n7Ej��

n c /Ejc �� 5 -uE�n7Ej��n c

�jc� G fjc� $ - �t �2c t|h�U|*) 4L?L|L?ic @?_ _�gihi?|�@M*) t|h�U|*) ^�@t��UL?U@�i�E���� 6Lh @** j 5 Pc /Ej� 5 -u

nn�

#,6W�WAW�� �G � ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L? % �t }��i? M) @? @hh@) EE%Ej(�c J��Ejc��MP�fM c E%Ejc ���Ejc��MPfM�t�U� |�@| %Ej(�c J� 5 fjc�cJ uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P� �Mc %Ejc �� 5 fjc� uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P�Mc@?_S

�MM%Ej(jc �� nS

�MM%Ej(�c J� � /Ej� uLh @** j 5 P�cS�MM%Ej(jc �� n

S�MM%Ej(j3�c �� � /Ej� uLh @** j 5 ^|D2P|�

:Wkh idfw wkdw wkh qxpehu ri frpprglwlhv dydlodeoh dw hdfk qrgh dqg wkh qxpehu ri djhqwv eruq dwhdfk qrgh duh gdwh0hyhqw lqghshqghqw lv zlwkrxw orvv ri jhqhudolw|> rxu uhvxowv fdq eh hdvlo| h{whqghg wrpruh jhqhudo vshfl�fdwlrqv vr orqj dv wkh wrwdo qxpehu ri frpprglwlhv/ dqg djhqwv eruq/ ehiruh d jlyhqgdwh lv �qlwh/ dqg wklv iru doo gdwhv1 Rxu vshfl�fdwlrq suhyhqwv wkh qrwdwlrq iurp jhwwlqj pruh foxwwhuhg1

H

�TT*)�?} |�i ?L|�L? Lu �@hi|L i�U�i?U) |L |�i iUL?L4) _itUh�Mi_ @ML�ic ��ihi @}i?|t@hi _�t|�?}��t�i_ M) |�i i�i?| @| |�i�h M�h|�c )�i*_t |�i Uh�|ih�L? Lu UL?_�|�L?@* �@hi|L�T|�4@*�|)c �ht| ThLTLti_ M) ��i?U� d�boG

#,6W�WAW�� 2 E����G wi| % Mi @ ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L?� % �t UL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@*E���� �u |�ihi _Lit ?L| i �t| @?L|�ih ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L? e% t�U� |�@|E�� uLh @** Ejc�� 5 P� �Mc �jc�cJEe%Ej(�c J�� � �jc�cJE%Ej(�c J��c

uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P�Mc �jc�Ee%Ejc ��� � �jc�E%Ejc ���cE��� i�|�ih uLh tL4i Ej�c ��� 5 P� �Mc �j���cJEe%Ej�(��c J�� : �j�c��cJE%Ej�(�

�c J��cLh uLh tL4i Ej�c ��� 5 P�Mc �j�c��Ee%Ej�c ���� : �j�c��E%Ej�c �

����

W? @__�|�L? |L @**LU@|�?} UL44L_�|�it LT|�4@**) @| i@U� ?L_ic @ ��� @**LU@|�L? hi�^��hit |�@| |�i h�t! U@hh�i_ �? |�i tiUL?_ Tih�L_ Lu |�i @}i?|t< *��it Mi @**LU@|i_ LT|�4@**)�

i ��** _i�?i ?L� UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ uLh |�i iUL?L4) �i _itUh�Mi_� � UL4T*i|iti| Lu UL?|�?}i?| UL44L_�|) 4@h!i|t �t @�@�*@M*i @| |�i �?�|�@* _@|i� wi| REj|� Mi |�i�iU|Lh Lu Th�Uitc ^�L|i_ @| |�i �?�|�@* _@|ic uLh UL?|�?}i?| _i*��ih) Lu |�i u UL44L_�|�it@| |�i ?L_i j| @| _@|i |� � Th�Ui t)t|i4 �t |�i? _i�?i_ M) @ ?L?�?i}@|��i ti^�i?Ui iR|j|D���ihi R| ' EEREj��jMP|� 5 -7|u

n � �h�Uit @hi ?Lh4@*�3i_ @t uL**L�tG R,Ej� ' � ��ihi , ' �@?_ j 5 P��

#,6W�WAW�� � E5��,�GH E%Wc RW� �t @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 ��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i4@h!i|t E5��,� �u %W �t @ ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L?c @?_cE�� uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P� �Mc

RWEj� � %WEj(�c J� � RWEj� � /Ej(�c J�c�jc�cJE%Ej(�c J�� : �jc�cJE%

WEj(�c J�� , RWEj� � %Ej(�c J� : RWEj� � /Ej(�c J�cE��� uLh @** Ejc�� 5 P �Mc

ERWEj�c ERWEj���j�Mjn� � %WEjc �� � ERWEj�c ERWEj���j�Mjn� � /Ejc ��c

�jc�E%Ejc ��� : �jc�E%WEjc ��� ,

ERWEj�c ERWEj���j�Mjn� � %Ejc �� : ERWEj�c ERWEj���jMjn� � /Ejc ���

+,��+k �G A�i _@|i�i�i?| |hii t|h�U|�hic |L}i|�ih ��|� �tt�4T|�L? �c �4T*�it |�@||�i ti| Lu ?L_it �t UL�?|@M*i( �i?Uic tL �t |�i ti| Lu @}i?|t� A�i iUL?L4) _i�?i_ t@|�t�it@*tL |�i L|�ih @tt�4T|�L?t Lu �LhL**@h) � �? Bi@?@!LT*Lt @?_ �L*i4@hU�@!�t d�2o tL |�@|i �t|i?Ui Lu 5��, �t }�@h@?|ii_� 6�h|�ih4Lhic L�h @tt�4T|�L? Lu t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|) LuThiuihi?Uit �4T*�it |�@| @| @? 5��, @**LU@|�L? Lh @| @ ��� @**LU@|�L?c |�i ui@t�M�*�|)UL?_�|�L? �L*_t @t @? i^�@*�|) @| @** ?L_it�

;Lw lv hdv| wr vkrz wkdw li/ dw hdfk qrgh � 5 / wkhuh duh O vsrw frpprglw| pdunhwv dqg OV+�,pdunhwv iru gholyhu| frqwlqjhqw rq hyhu| srvvleoh uhdol}dwlrq �3 5 �. +l1h1 dw hyhu| vxffhvvru qrgh,/ wkhqwkh vshfl�fdwlrq ri wkh djhqwv* exgjhw frqvwudlqwv lv wkh vdph dv lq Gh�qlwlrq 6> dv d frqvhtxhqfh/ wkhvhw ri htxloleulxp doorfdwlrqv lv dovr wkh vdph1

b

�� 5,"N,�AW�wwv ����w,A, ��+k,A5 ��# ���W? |��t tiU|�L? �i i @4�?i |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� ti^�i?�|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t ��|� hitTiU| |L |�i ��� Uh�|ih�L?� i _ih��i @ ?iUitt@h) @?_t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? L? i^��*�Mh��4 Th�Uit �?_ih ���U� |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t ����

�t @ Thi*�4�?@h) t|iT |L |�i hit�*|t �i _ih��i @? �4T*�U@|�L? Lu |�i U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?t�4TLti_ L? Thiuihi?Uit M) �tt�4T|�L? ��

#,6W�WAW�� eGb wi| %Ejc �� tL*�i |�i �|�*�|) 4@ �4�3@|�L? ThLM*i4 Lu @}i?| Ejc �� 5P�M @| Th�Uit EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn� t�U� |�@| n REj� n: fc n REj�� n: f uLh @** j� 5 j n�6Lh & : fc *i|

�jc�E&� G' i4 5 - m uLh @** e%Ejc �� 5 fjc� t@|�tu)�?} E�� n e%Ejc��� %Ejc �� n� & @?_E��� �jc�Ee%Ejc ��� � �jc�E%Ejc ��� �i �@�iS

j�Mj n B2Ej�c jc �� � �B�Ejc �� n 4 EB�Ejc���2

8REj�8j

��ihi B�Ejc�� G' REj��de%Ej(jc ���%Ej(jc ��oc B2Ej�c jc �� G' REj���de%Ej�(jc ���%Ej�(jc ��ocuLh j� 5 jn�E@� B��i? & : fc 4

jc�E&� �t |�i *L�ih U�h�@|�hi ULi�U�i?| Lu @}i?| Ejc �� @| EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn�

��ihi 4jc�

E&� G' t�T i4 5 �jc�E&�j �u �jc�E&� 9' > @?_ 4jc�E&� G' �4 �u �jc�E&� ' >��f

EM� A�i Thiuihi?Uit Lu @}i?| Ejc �� t@|�tu) |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?@| EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn� �u |�ihi i �t|t &jc� : f uLh ���U� 4

jc�E&jc�� : f�

#,6W�WAW�� DG wi| %Ejc�� tL*�i |�i �|�*�|) 4@ �4�3@|�L? ThLM*i4 Lu @}i?| Ejc �� 5P�M @| Th�Uit EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn� t�U� |�@| n REj� n: fc n REj�� n: f uLh @** j� 5 j n�6Lh & : fc *i|

7�jc�E&� G' i4 5 - m uLh @** e%Ejc �� 5 fjc� t@|�tu)�?} E�� n e%Ejc��� %Ejc �� n� &E��� REj� � de%Ej(jc ��� %Ej(jc ��o f @?_

E����S

j�Mjn B2Ej�c jc �� � �B�Ejc �� n 4 EB�Ejc���2

8REj�8�i �@�i

�jc�Ee%Ejc ��� � �jc�E%Ejc ���j

��ihi B�Ejc�� G' REj��de%Ej(jc ���%Ej(jc ��oc B2Ej�c jc �� G' REj���de%Ej�(jc ���%Ej�(jc ��ocuLh j� 5 jn�E@� B��i? & : fc 74jc�E&� �t |�i �TTih U�h�@|�hi ULi�U�i?| Lu @}i?| Ejc�� @| EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn���ihi 74jc�E&� G' �?u i4 5 7�jc�E&�j �u 7�jc�E&� 9' > @?_ 74jc�E&� G'4 �u 7�jc�E&� ' >�EM� A�i Thiuihi?Uit Lu @}i?| Ejc�� t@|�tu) |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? @|EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn� �u |�ihi i �t|t 7&jc� : f uLh ���U� 4 : 74jc�E7&jc�� � f�

A�i u@U| |�@| �? #i�?�|�L?t e @?_ Dc %Ejc �� �t @tt�4i_ |L tL*�i |�i �|�*�|) 4@ ��4�3@|�L? ThLM*i4 Lu @}i?| Ejc �� 5 P � M @| Th�Uit EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn�c |L}i|�ih ��|�*LU@* ?L?t@|�@|�L? Lu Thiuihi?Uitc �4T*�it |�@| |�i @}i?|<t Thiuihhi_ ti| �t UL?|@�?i_ �?|�i �@*u�tT@Ui _i�?i_ M) |�i M�_}i| UL?t|h@�?| E��i� %Ejc �� 4�?�4�3it i Ti?_�|�hi� @?_

<Khuh/ dv zhoo dv lq wkh uhvw ri wkh sdshu/ n � n zloo ghqrwh wkh Hxfolghdq qrup xqohvv rwkhuzlvh qrwhg143Wkh frh�flhqw �

�>kghshqgv rq {+�> k, exw wklv ghshqghqfh kdv ehhq vxssuhvvhg lq rughu wr vlpsoli|

wkh qrwdwlrq +khqfh wkh txdol�hu dw _+s+�,> +s+�3,,�35�.,%,1

�f

�i?Ui 4jc�E&� � f @?_ 74jc�E&� � f uLh @** & : f( EM� �? #i�?�|�L? e hi^��hit |�@| |�i

�?i^�@*�|) Mi t|h�U|c ���*i EM� �? #i�?�|�L? D �4TLtit @? �TTih ML�?_� wi44@ � t�L�t|�@| �tt�4T|�L? � }�@h@?|iit ML|� Lu |�iti ThLTih|�it uLh �?|ih�Lh 4@ �4@�

w,��� �G wi| E%Wc RW� Mi @? 5��,� Wu %WEjc �� 5 -uE�n7Ej��nn |�i?c �?_ih �tt�4T�

|�L? �c |�i Thiuihi?Uit Lu |�i @}i?| Ejc �� 5 P � M t@|�tu) ML|� �� |�i ?L?��@?�t��?}B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?c @?_ ��� |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?c @| Th�UitERWEj�c ERWEj���j�Mjn�� W? u@U|c uLh @** & : f �i �@�i 4

jc�E&� : f @?_ uLh @** & : f �i �@�i

4 : 74jc�E&� � f���

�@h| �� Lu wi44@ � t@)t |�@|c �u |�i @*|ih?@|��i UL?t�4T|�L? T*@? e%Ejc �� �4ThL�it��|� hitTiU| |L |�i LT|�4@* U�L�Ui %WEjc �� Lu @}i?| Ejc �� @| Th�Uit RWc |�i? |�i _�gihi?Ui�? �@*�i Lu |�i @*|ih?@|��i T*@? 4�t| LMi) @ ^�@_h@|�U hi*@|�L?( �| hi^��hit |�@| Thiuihi?UitMi *LU@**) ?L?t@|�@|i_ @?_ |�@| |�i) t@|�tu) @ _�gihi?|�@M*i uLh4 Lu t|h�U| ^�@t�UL?U@��|)EML|� Lu ���U� @hi �4TLti_ �? �tt�4T|�L? ��� �@h| ��� Lu wi44@ � ThL��_it �t ��|� @UL?_�|�L? L? |�i �?UL4i |h@?tuiht @*L?} |�i *�ui|�4i Lu @? @}i?| ���U� i?t�hit |�@| �i�@�i @? �4ThL�i4i?| �? |�i @}i?|<t �i*u@hi( |��t hit�*| hi^��hit @ 4�?�4�4 _i}hii Lu t�M�t|�|�|@M�*�|) @4L?} }LL_t �? |�i @}i?|<t Thiuihi?Uit Ei?t�hi_ M) |�i t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|)@?_ |�i t4LL|�?itt Lu |�i �|�*�|) u�?U|�L?t �4TLti_ �? �tt�4T|�L? ���

�L|�Ui |�@| |�i |ih4t @TTi@h�?} �? |�i |�L �?i^�@*�|�it ���U� _i�?i �jc�E&� @?_ 7�jc�E&��? #i�?�|�L?t e @?_ D @hi |�i ?Lh4 Lu |�i Th�Ui �iU|Lh @?_ |�i U�@?}i �? |�i i Ti?_�|�hi�? |�i |�L Tih�L_t Lu @? @}i?|<t *�uic ��ihi ML|� @hi �?_i i_ M) |�i i�i?|t �? ���U� |�i)LUU�h� A��tc @t TL�?|i_ L�| �? |�i �?|hL_�U|�L?c UL?t|�|�|it @ Uh�U�@* _�gihi?Ui hi*@|��i|L |�i U@ti Lu Uih|@�?|) ELh Lu UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t� @t �| �4T*�it |�@| |h@?tuiht |L @?_ uhL4@}i?|t 4�t| Mi �_i?|��i_ ?L| L?*) M) |�i _@|i M�| @*tL M) |�i i�i?| �? ���U� |�i) |@!iT*@Ui t�?Uic uLh |�i @}i?|c |h@?tuiht hiUi��i_ @| @? @hM�|h@h) T@�h Lu i�i?|t @| |�i t@4i_@|i @hi ?L| t�Mt|�|�|@M*i �?*itt ML|� i�i?|t t�UUii_ |�i i�i?| �? ���U� �i �t MLh?�

W? Lh_ih |L t|@|i |�i 4@�? hit�*|tc �i ?ii_ tL4i @__�|�L?@* ?L|@|�L?�B��i? j 5 Kc �i _i�?i @ t�M�|hii ELu |�i |hii K� ��|� hLL| j 5 Kc _i?L|i_ M) Kjc @t @

UL**iU|�L? Lu ?L_it t�U� |�@| E�� Kj � Kc E��� Kj �t �|ti*u @ |hii ��|� j @t �|t hLL|� Oi?Ui|�i |hii �|ti*uc Kc �t @ t�M�|hii( tL �t @?) T@|�c j"�

B��i? @ t�M�|hii Kjc @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? �t @ u�?U|�L? bKj G Kj $ dfc �o t�U� |�@|Sj�MjnKKj bKjEj

�� ' � uLh @** j 5 Kj�A��t u�?U|�L? @ttLU�@|it |L |�i �44i_�@|i t�UUittLht E�? |�i t�M�|hii Kj� Lu i@U� }��i?

?L_i ?L??i}@|��i �i�}�|t t�U� |�@| |�i �i�}�|t t�4 |L L?i� Oi?Uic |�i �i�}�|t bKjE��U@? Mi �?|ihThi|i_ @t @ t�M�iU|��i UL?_�|�L?@* ThLM@M�*�|) Lu hi@U��?}c uhL4 i@U� }��i??L_ic |�i _�gihi?| �44i_�@|i t�UUittLh ?L_it �? |�i tTiU��i_ t�M�|hii�

B��i? @ T@�h EKjc bKj�c |�i �?_�Ui_ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?c _i?L|i_ ebKj G Kj � bKj $ dfc �oc�t _i�?i_ M) ebKjEj� ' �c ebKjEj� ' bKjE j� �

ebKjE j3�� uLh j3� 5 Kj� W| @ttLU�@|it |Li@U� ?L_i j |�i ThL_�U| Lu |�i �@*�it bKjE�� @*L?} |�i U�@�? Lu ?L_it uhL4 j E|�i hLL| Lu|�i t�M�|hii� |L |�i }��i? ?L_i j�

44Fohduo|/ lq Ohppd 4 dqg wkh rwkhu uhvxowv wr iroorz/ wkh frqglwlrq wkdw wkh htxloleulxp doorfdwlrqlv lqwhulru iru doo wkh djhqwv fdq eh uhsodfhg e| d vwdqgdug dvvxpswlrq rq wkh erxqgdu| ehkdylrxu risuhihuhqfhv1

��

5�?Uic uLh | � |Ej�cS

jMP|KKjebKjEj� ' �c�2 |�i u�?U|�L? ebKj U@? @*tL Mi �?|ihThi|i_

@t |�i t�M�iU|��i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu hi@U��?} |�i _�gihi?| ?L_it j 5 P| _ Kj UL?_�|�L?@* L?�@��?} hi@U�i_ jc |�i hLL| Lu |�i t�M�|hii�

B��i? @ T@|� j"c *i| j"| _i?L|i |�i |�|� ULLh_�?@|i Lu |�i T@|�� B��i? @ t�M�|hii Kjc_i�?i @ T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii Kjc _i?L|i_ M) j"EKj�c @t @ T@|� ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| uLh| � |Ej� @** |�i ?L_it @hi i*i4i?|t Lu |�i t�M�|hiic ��i� j"EKj� � ij"� c � � � c j

"|Ej�3�j ^Kj�

�L|�Ui |�@| |�ihi �t @? LM��L�t �@) Lu @ttLU�@|�?} @ ?L_i |L |�i |�|� ULLh_�?@|i Lu @tTiU��i_ T@|�( �? ��@| uL**L�t �i t�@** �ti j| @?_ j"| �?|ihU�@?}i@M*) ��i? hiuihh�?} |L@ ?L_i���

A�i uL**L��?} hit�*|t �_i?|�u) ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t uLh @? 5��, |L MiUL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@*�

AO,�+,� �G E5��U�i?U)� wi| E%Wc RW� Mi @? 5��, @?_ t�TTLti �tt�4T|�L? � �L*_t��e

�tt�4i |�@| %WEjc �� 5 -uE�n7Ej��nn uLh i�ih) Ejc �� 5 P �Mc @?_ |�@| |�ihi @hi ?�4Miht

g : f @?_ 4 : f t�U� |�@| uLh @** ?L_it j 5 PE�� /,Ej� � 2gM uLh @** , ' �c � � � c uE��� uLh @** � 5 Mc 4 � 4

jc�E2gMuE� n 77����D

Wu |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| UL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@* |�i? |�ihi i �t|t @ T@�hc}��i? M) @ t�M�|hii @?_ @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? EK�jc bK�j�c @?_ @? � 4 t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih)T@|� j"EK�j� �? |�i t�M�|hiic

�E j"EK�j�( EK�jc bK�j�� G'"[

|'|E�j�

ebK�jEj"| �

n RWE j"| � n� ��

AO,�+,� 2G E�iUitt�|)� wi| E%�c R�� Mi @? 5��, @?_ t�TTLti �tt�4T|�L? � �L*_t� Wu|�ihi i �t| ?�4Miht 0 : fc 74 : fc 7& : fc � 4c @?_ @ T@�hc }��i? M) @ t�M�|hii @?_ @�i�}�| u�?U|�L? E Kjc bKj�c t�U� |�@| @| i�ih) ?L_i j 5 Kjc |�ihi i �t|t @? @}i?| �j 5 MuLh ��L4

45Wklv iroorzv hdvlo| vlqfhS

�5w_�a�e��a� +�, @

S�5w�4_�a�

^e��a� +�, �S

�35�._�a���a� +�

3,` @S�5w�4_�a�

e��a� +�, @ � � � @ 4/ zkhuh zh uhshdwhgo| xvh wkh idfw wkdwS

�35�._�a���a� +�

3, @ 4 iru doo

� 5 �a�146Wklv qrwdwlrqdo frqyhqwlrq zloo eh xvhg wkurxjkrxw zlwkrxw ixuwkhu phqwlrq1 Lw lpsolhv wkdw li zh

duh jlyhq d sdlu +�a�> ��a� ,/ wkhq zh duh dovr jlyhq wkh ydoxhv ri wkh zhljkw ixqfwlrq rq wkh frruglqdwhvw � w+a�, ri hdfk sdwk lq wkh vxe0wuhh �a�1

47Wkh uhvxow dovr krogv li wkh uhvwulfwlrqv rq suhihuhqfhv/ lpsrvhg dv Dvvxpswlrq 4/ dqg wkh lqwhul0rulw| frqglwlrq rq wkh htxloleulxp doorfdwlrq/ duh uhsodfhg e| wkh dvvxpswlrq wkdw/ dw wkh V0FH ehlqjfrqvlghuhg/ wkh suhihuhqfhv ri doo wkh djhqwv ehlqj lpsuryhg vdwlvi| wkh qrqydqlvklqj Jdxvvldq fxuydwxuhfrqglwlrq1 Wkh dvvxpswlrqv zh pdgh duh rqo| vx�flhqw frqglwlrqv iru wkh fxuydwxuh frqglwlrqv wr krog>wkdw lv wkh frqwhqw ri Ohppd 41 Vlplodu frqvlghudwlrqv dsso| wr wkh rwkhu uhvxowv suhvhqwhg lq wkh sd0shu1 Lq sduwlfxodu/ Wkhruhp 4 krogv hyhq li lqgl�huhqfh vhwv kdyh xqerxqghg fxuydwxuh +_nlqnv%, zklohWkhruhp 5 ehorz krogv hyhq li wkh| kdyh }hur fxuydwxuh +_�dw% vhjphqwv,1

48Gh�qlwlrq 7 vshfl�hv wkh zd| lq zklfk wkh whup ��>k

+n,/ iru n @ 5NKO+4. �V,,/ lv rewdlqhg iurp wkh

vroxwlrq wr wkh rswlpl}dwlrq sureohp idfhg e| djhqw +�> k, dw sulfhv +s�+�,> +s�+�3,,�35�.,> vlploduo| iru���>k+�n, lq Wkhruhp 51 Ohppd 4 vkrzv wkdw/ xqghu wkh dvvxpswlrqv ri wkh wkhruhpv/ wkh wzr fxuydwxuhfrqglwlrqv krog iru hdfk djhqw1

�2

E�� %WEjc �j� 5 -uE�n7Ej��nn @?_ %�Ej(jc �j� � 0 ��uf�

E��� 74jc�jE7&� � 74c@?_ uLh i�ih) T@|� j"EKj� �? |�i t�M�|hiic

�E j"EKj�( EKjc bKj�� G'"[

|'|Ej�

ebKjEj"| �

n RWE j"| � n� �c

|�i? |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| UL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@*�

�*i@h*)c |�i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? ThL��_i_ M) |�i |�L |�iLhi4t �t |�}�|�A�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� LM|@�?i_ �? A�iLhi4 � t@)t |�@| �u uLh i�ih) T@�h

E Kjc bKj�c }��i? M) @ t�M�|hii @?_ @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? _i�?i_ L? �|c @?_ i�ih) hi@* ?�4Mih�c |�ihi i �t|t @ T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hiic j"EKj�c uLh ���U� �E j"EKj�( EKjc bKj�� : �c |�i?|�i 5��, @**LU@|�L? �t ���� Oihi �E j"EKj�( EKjc bKj�� �t @ tih�it ��Lti |�|� i*i4i?| �t

}��i? M) |�i |ih4ebKj Ej"| �

8RWE j"| �8c ��i� M) |�i hiU�ThLU@* Lu |�i ?Lh4 Lu |�i Th�Ui �iU|Lh @| @

?L_ic ��ihi |�i ?L_i �t }��i? M) |�i |�|� ULLh_�?@|i Lu |�i T@|� j"EKj�c �i�}�|i_ M)|�i @ttLU�@|i_ �@*�i Lu ebKjE���

A�i t|h�U|�hi Lu |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 � �t |�i uL**L��?}� A�i �ht| t|iT UL?t�t|t �?t�L��?} |�@| �u |�ihi i �t|t @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| |�i? ?iUitt@h�*) |�ihi i �t|t @ t�M�|hiiE���U� UL�*_ Mi ��t| @ T@|�� ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih ELu �?UL4iLh R�@*�i�� |L |�i L*_ @}i?|t @| i@U� ?L_i �? |�i t�M�|hii �t t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i� i |�i?UL?t|h�U| @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? M) @ttLU�@|�?} |L i@U� ?L_i j |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu |�i |L|@*Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih ���U� �t hiUi��i_ @| |�@| ?L_i M) |�i L*_ @}i?|tc ��i� |�i Tih U@T�|@|h@?tuih |L |�i L*_ @}i?|t @| |�@| ?L_i _���_i_ M) |�i |L|@* Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih hiUi��i_M) |�Lti @}i?|t @| _�gihi?| ?L_it ��i? L*_� ��| |�i?c M) |�i _i�?�|�L? Lu |�i �i�}�|u�?U|�L?c |�i |L|@* Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih hiUi��i_ ��i? L*_ U@? @*tL Mi �h�||i? @t |�i TihU@T�|@ |h@?tuih hiUi��i_ @| L?i ?L_i ��i? L*_ _���_i_ M) |�i �i�}�| @tt�}?i_ |L |�@| ?L_i�A��t @**L�t �t |L �tL*@|i |�i hi*@|�L? Mi|�ii? |�i |h@?tuih @| @ ?L_i @?_ |�i E�i�}�|i_�|h@?tuih @| L?*) L?i t�UUittLh ?L_i� �L�c M) �?�L!�?} |�i ui@t�M�*�|) UL?_�|�L? @| i@U�?L_ic @?_ �|ih@|��i*) @TT*)�?} |�i ?L?�@?�t��?} B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?c �i @hi@M*i |L t�L� |�@| @*L?} i�ih) T@|�c |�i ti^�i?Ui Lu |�iti Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuiht 4�*|�T*�i_M) |�i �?_�Ui_ �i�}�| �?Uhi@tit @UULh_�?} |L @ ^�@_h@|�U u�?U|�L?� B��i? |�i �?�uLh4ML�?_ L? i?_L�4i?|tc |�i @_4�tt�M�*�|) Lu |�i �4ThL�i4i?| hi^��hit |�@| |�i ?Lh4 Lu|�i Th�Ui �iU|Lh _���_i_ M) |�i �@*�i Lu |�i �?_�Ui_ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? }hL� @| @? @TThLTh�@|ih@|i� Oi?Ui �i �?_ |�@| |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| hi^��hit |�@| |�i tih�itS"

|'|E�j�

ebK�j Ej"| �

8RWE j"| �8UL?�ih}itc @?_ |��t 4�t| �@TTi? L? i�ih) T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii�

A�h?�?} |L ?iUitt�|)c |�i UL?_�|�L? �? A�iLhi4 2 t@)t |�@| @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| U@?Mi UL?t|h�U|i_ �u �i U@? �?_ @ t�M�|hii E���U� UL�*_ t�4T*) Mi @ T@|�� ��|� |�i ThLTih|)|�@| @*L?} i�ih) T@|� �? |��t t�M�|hiic |�i Th�Ui ?Lh4 @| @ _@|i�i�i?| _Lit ?L| }L |L 3ihLu@t|ih |�@? |�i �?_�Ui_ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? @| |�i _@|i�i�i?|� A��t UL?_�|�L? i?t�hit |�ii �t|i?Ui Lu |h@?tuih ti^�i?Uit ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| |�i |h@?tuih |�@| @? @}i?| 4@!it��i? )L�?} E�? |�i i�i?| @| ��t M�h|�� �t 4Lhi |�@? UL4Ti?t@|i_ E�? �|�*�|) |ih4t� M)|�i |h@?tuih |�@| �i hiUi��it ��i? L*_ E�? TLtt�M*) 4Lhi |�@? L?i i�i?|��

��

A�i @h}�4i?| Lu |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 2 �t @t uL**L�t� 6�ht| @ UL**iU|�L? Lu |h@?tuihtELu �?UL4i� |L @}i?|t @*L?} |�i t�M�|hii �t UL?t|h�U|i_� �i | �i t�L� |�@| |�ihi i �t|t@ ULhhitTL?_�?} UL**iU|�L? Lu �iU|Lht Lu UL44L_�|) |h@?tuihtc t�TTLh|�?} |�iti �?UL4i|h@?tuihtc ���U� }��i h�ti |L �iU|Lht ���U� @hi �? |�i UL?t�4T|�L? ti| Lu i@U� @}i?| @?_@hi ui@t�M*ic ��i� UL4T@|�M*i ��|� |�i i?_L�4i?| Lu |�i iUL?L4)� 6�?@**)c �i t�L�|�@| |�i ThLTLti_ UL**iU|�L? Lu UL44L_�|) |h@?tuiht }i?ih@|it @ �@hi|L �4ThL�i4i?| M)�ih�u)�?} |�@| |�i @ttLU�@|i_ UL**iU|�L? Lu |h@?tuiht t@|�tu) |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hiUL?_�|�L?� A�i ThLTLh|�L?t @UULh_�?} |L ���U� |�i |L|@* |h@?tuih hiUi��i_ M) @? @}i?|��i? L*_ t�L�*_ Mi _�t|h�M�|i_ L�ih i@U� Lu |�i TLtt�M*i i�i?|t ��i? L*_ @hi _i|ih4�?i_@UULh_�?} |L |�i �@*�it Lu |�i u�?U|�L? ebKj �

A�i *L}�U Lu |�i ThLLu Lu ML|� |�i |�iLhi4t �t t�4�*@h |L |�i @h}�4i?| �t�@**) }��i? �?|�i U@ti Lu _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB iUL?L4�it E�? T@h|�U�*@hc �i?�i?�t|i d�o @?_ �@*@t!L @?_5�i** d2o�( ?L| t�hTh�t�?}*)c |�i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t it|@M*�t�i_ �? |�i |�L|�iLhi4t @hi �? |�i uLh4 Lu Uh�|ih�@ *�!i |�i L?i LM|@�?i_ M) �@tt E�? u@U|c �? |�i tTiU�@*U@ti �? ���U� |�ihi �t ?L �?Uih|@�?|)c |�i) hi_�Ui |L |�i t|@?_@h_ �@tt Uh�|ih�L?��

A�i |h�*) ?L�i* ui@|�hit Lu L�h hit�*|t @hi |�i u@U| |�@| |h@?tuiht @hi _i�?i_ L? ?L?�|h���@* t�M�|hiitc @?_ |�i hL*i T*@)i_ M) |�i �i�}�| u�?U|�L?� i tii |�@| |�i _��U�*|) �?|�i ThLLutc hi*@|��i |L |�i @h}�4i?|t }��i? �? |�i U@ti Lu |�i _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB 4L_i*cUL4it uhL4 |�i u@U| |�@| �? L�h ti|��T |�i Thiuihi?Uit Lu i@U� @}i?| @hi _i�?i_ L? @t�Mti| Lu |�i ti| Lu UL44L_�|�it @�@�*@M*i @| i@U� TL�?| �? |�4i( 4LhiL�ihc |�i ?�4Mih LuUL44L_�|�it @?_ @}i?|t �?Uhi@tit L�ih |�4i� W? ML|� |�i |�iLhi4t �i �@�i |L @**L� uLh|�i TLtt�M�*�|) |�@| |h@?tuiht @hi 4@_i @| 4Lhi |�@? L?i i�i?| @| @ }��i? _@|i( |��t *i@_t?@|�h@**) |L |�i UL?t�_ih@|�L? Lu t�M�|hiit ��Lti Thiti?Ui �t @ 4@?�uit|@|�L? Lu |�i h�U�hi_�t|h�M�|�L?@* TLtt�M�*�|�it �? |�i Thiti?| 4L_i*� W? @__�|�L?c |�i B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hiUL?_�|�L?t hi*@|i L?i ?L_i @| _@|i | |L L?i Lh 4Lhi ?L_it @| _@|i | n � EM�| |)T�U@**)@ t|h�U| t�Mti| Lu |�i ti| Lu @** ?L_it @| _@|i | n ��� 5Lc �? Lh_ih |L i�@*�@|i ��i|�ih@ ti^�i?Ui Lu |h@?tuiht �t ui@t�M*i @?_ �4ThL��?} �i �@�i |L _�t|�?}��t� |�i4 @UULh_�?}|L |�i i�i?| �? ���U� |�i) |@!i T*@Ui �? @__�|�L? |L |�i _@|i Lu |�i |h@?tuih� Nt�?}|�i �i�}�| u�?U|�L?c �i @hi @M*i |L _�t@}}hi}@|i |h@?tuiht @UhLtt |�i _�gihi?| �44i_�@|it�UUittLh ?L_it Lu @ }��i? ?L_i( �i?Uic �i U@? �tL*@|i |�i T@||ih? Lu |h@?tuiht @UhLtt T@�htLu t�UUitt��i ?L_it tL |�@| |�i @_4�tt�M�*�|) Lu |�i |h@?tuihtc ���U� �t _i�?i_ �? |ih4tLu T@|�tc U@? Mi �ih��i_ _�hiU|*) @*L?} @** |�i T@|�t �? @ t�M�|hii� i U@? �?|ihThi| |�i�i�}�| @t |�i �4TLh|@?Ui }��i? |L |�i |h@?t�|�L? uhL4 @ }��i? ?L_i |L L?i Lu �|t �44i_�@|it�UUittLhtc ��i� @t @ t�M�iU|��i UL?_�|�L?@* ThLM@M�*�|)��S

A�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� LM|@�?i_ �? A�iLhi4 � �t h@|�ih U�4MihtL4i |L �ih�u)MiU@�ti L?i �@t |L U�iU! |�@| uLh i�ih) T@�h }��i? M) @ t�M�|hii @?_ @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?E Kjc bKj�c @?_ i�ih) hi@* ?�4Mih �c |�ihi i �t|t @ T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hiic j"EKj�c uLh���U� �E j"EKj�( EKjc bKj�� : �� i ?L� ThL��_i @?L|�ih t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ���cA�iLhi4 �c |�@| �t t|hL?}ih M�| |�@| �t tL4i��@| i@t�ih |L �ih�u)�

6Lh @?) 7j 5 Kjc �i _i?L|i M) KE7jcKj� |�i t�M�|hii |�@| �@t 7j @t �|t hLL| @?_ �?U*�_it

49Wkh v|vwhp ri vxemhfwlyh frqglwlrqdo suredelolwlhv gh�qhg e| wkh zhljkw ixqfwlrq qhhg qrw ehdu dq|uhodwlrqvkls zlwk wkh v|vwhp ri orfdo _vxemhfwlyh% suredelolwlhv rq wkh gdwh0hyhqw wuhh lpsolflw lq wkhvshfl�fdwlrq ri djhqwv* suhihuhqfhv1

�e

@** |�i ?L_it |�@| @hi t�UUittLht Lu 7j @?_ @hi i*i4i?|t Lu Kj�

AO,�+,� �G E5��U�i?U)� wi| E%Wc RW� Mi @? 5��, @?_ t�TTLti �tt�4T|�L? � �L*_t�

�tt�4i |�@| %WEjc �� 5 -uE�n7Ej��nn uLh i�ih) Ejc �� 5 P �Mc @?_ |�@| |�ihi @hi ?�4Miht

g : f @?_ 4 : f t�U� |�@| uLh @** ?L_it j 5 PE�� /,Ej� � 2gM uLh @** , ' �c � � � c uE��� uLh @** � 5 Mc 4 � 4

jc�E2gMuE� n 77���

A�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t UL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@* �uuLh i�ih) t�M�|hii Kj |�ihi i �t|t @ ?L_i 7j 5 Kjc uLh ���U�

�E7jcK j� G'"[

|'|E7j�

�SjMP|KKE7jcKj� n R

WEj� n

_��ih}it�

A�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� t|@|i_ �? A�iLhi4 � hi^��hitc uLh i�ih) t�M�|hii Kjc|�i i �t|i?Ui Lu @ ?L_i 7j uLh ���U� |�i tih�it _i�?i_ M) �E7jcK j� _��ih}it� A�i |ih4tLu |�i tih�it �E7jcK j� @hi UL?t|h�U|i_ M) |@!�?} |�i hiU�ThLU@* Lu |�i t�4 Lu |�i ?Lh4Lu Th�Uit @| @** ?L_it @| @ }��i? _@|i ���U� @hi t�UUittLht Lu 7jc @?_ @hi i*i4i?|t Lu |�it�M�|hii Kj�

�t �? |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 �c |�i �ht| t|iT �? |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 � UL?t�t|t �?t�L��?} |�@| �u |�ihi i �t|t @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| |�i? ?iUitt@h�*) |�ihi i �t|t @ t�M�|hiiK�j E���U� UL�*_ Mi ��t| @ T@|�� ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih |L |�i L*_@}i?|t @| i@U� ?L_i j �t t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i� 6Lh i@U� _@|i �i UL?t�_ih |�i t�4 Lu |�iti|h@?tuiht @UhLtt ?L_it �? |�i t�M�|hii @| |�@| _@|i( _�i |L |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@?U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? |�i ti^�i?Ui Lu |�iti |ih4t �?Uhi@tit @UULh_�?} |L @ ^�@_h@|�U u�?U�|�L?� �L?t�_ih |�i ti^�i?Ui �i LM|@�? t|@h|�?} uhL4 |�i _@|i Lu |�i hLL| Lu |�i t�M�|hiic|E�j�� B��i? |�i �?�uLh4 ML�?_ L? i?_L�4i?|tc ui@t�M�*�|) hi^��hit |�@| |�i t�4 Lu Th�Ui?Lh4t @UhLtt @** ?L_it �? |�i t�M�|hii @| @ }��i? TL�?| �? |�4i �?Uhi@tit t��U�i?|*) u@t|ctL |�@| |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| hi^��hit |�@| |�i tih�it

"[|'|E�j�

�SjMP|KK�j n R

WEj� nE��

UL?�ih}itc uLh |�i t�M�|hii K�j� 5�?Ui |�i t@4i @h}�4i?| U@? Mi 4@_i t|@h|�?} uhL4 @?)L|�ih ?L_i �? |�i tTiU��i_ t�M�|hiic �i �?_ |�@| |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu @? �4ThL�i4i?| �4T*�it|�@| @ ��L*i u@4�*) Lu tih�it 4�t| UL?�ih}i� A��t _�hiU|*) *i@_t |L |�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?uLh ��� t|@|i_ �? A�iLhi4 � |�@|c uLh i�ih) t�M�|hiic @| *i@t| L?i Lu |�i tih�it t�L�*__��ih}i��.

AL �?_iht|@?_ |�i _�gihi?Ui Mi|�ii? |�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ �c@?_ |�i u@U| |�@| |�i *@||ih @hi t|hL?}ihc ?L|�Ui |�@| �? A�iLhi4 � �i _i�?i �i�}�|t

4:Ri frxuvh/ wkh glyhujhqfh ri wkh vhulhv lq +4, iru hyhu| vxe0wuhh �� / lv dovr d vx�flhqw frqglwlrq iruFSR1 Qrwh/ krzhyhu/ wkdw wkh frqyhujhqfh ri wkh vhulhv lq +4,/ rewdlqhg zkhq zh vwduw vxpplqj iurpwkh urrw ri wkh vxe0wuhh/ grhv qrw lpso| wkh frqyhujhqfh ri wkh vhulhv zh jhw zkhq zh vwduw vxpplqjiurp vrph rwkhu qrgh lq wkh vxe0wuhh1 Khqfh/ wkh vx�flhqw frqglwlrq jlyhq lq Wkhruhp 6 lv wljkwhu wkdquhtxlulqj wkh glyhujhqfh ri wkh vhulhv lq +4, iru hyhu| vxe0wuhh1

�D

���U� @**L� �t |L _�t@}}hi}@|i |�i |L|@* |h@?tuih @| @ _@|ic LM|@�?i_ uhL4 |�i U�h�@|�hiUL?_�|�L?tc �? |ih4t Lu |�i |h@?tuih @| @ ?L_ic @?_ �i?Ui |L �_i?|�u) |�i T@||ih? Lu |�i|h@?tuiht @*L?} T@|�t �? @ t�M�|hii� W? A�iLhi4 �c L? |�i L|�ih �@?_c �i @}}hi}@|i |�i|h@?tuiht Lu @}i?|t MLh? @| _�gihi?| _@|i�i�i?|t �?|L @ t�?}*i |ih4 M) |@!�?} |�i t�4�5|�**c |�i UL?_�|�L? �? A�iLhi4 � @*tL _i@*t ��|� |�i *�4�|�?} Mi�@��L�h Lu @ ��L*i u@4�*)Lu tih�it( ?L|ic �L�i�ihc |�@| �?*�!i �? A�iLhi4 �c |�ihi �t ?L U*@�4 |�@| |�i u@4�*) Lutih�it �t �?�uLh4*) ML�?_i_�

�t @ ULhL**@h) |L A�iLhi4 � �i LM|@�? @? i�i? t�4T*ihc M�| t|hL?}ihc t��U�i?| UL?_��|�L? uLh ���( , @4T*i � Mi*L� �**�t|h@|it |�i _�gihi?Ui Mi|�ii? |�i |�L UL?_�|�L?t� A�iUL?_�|�L? �? |�i ULhL**@h) h�*it L�| |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu @ tTiU�@* |)Ti Lu ��� �4ThL�i4i?|cL?i ���U� hi^��hit TLt�|��i @�ih@}i |h@?tuiht @| i�ih) ?L_i �? |�i _@|i�i�i?| |hii K� ��| �|�t i@t) |L t�L� |�@| �u |�i tih�it �? �LhL**@h) � _��ih}it |�i? |�i tih�it �? E�� @*tL _��ih}ituLh i�ih) t�M�|hii( t�?Ui |�i *@||ih �t @ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ���c @t ?L|i_ �? 6LL|?L|i�.c |�i UL?_�|�L? �? �LhL**@h) � @*tL �4T*�it |�i ?L?i �t|i?Ui Lu @?) �4ThL�i4i?|�

��+�ww�+v �G N?_ih |�i @tt�4T|�L?t Lu A�iLhi4 �c |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? %� �tUL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@* �uc uLh |�i ULhhitTL?_�?} Th�Ui ti^�i?Ui R�c |�i tih�it

[|'�

4�S

jMP|n R�Ej� n

_��ih}it�

5�?Ui t�M�|hiit �?U*�_i T@|�t @t tTiU�@* U@titc L�h Thi��L�t hit�*|t @*tL U�@h@U|ih��3i |�i UL?_�|�L?t �?_ih ���U� �4ThL�i4i?|t U@? Mi @U��i�i_ M) |h@?tuiht @*L?} L?*)L?i T@|�� �) A�iLhi4 �c �u @? �4ThL�i4i?| i �t|t L? L?*) @ T@|� |�i?c |�i tih�itS

|'� 4�

8RWEj"| �84�t| UL?�ih}i @*L?} |��t T@|�� �L?�ihti*)c A�iLhi4 2 t�L�t |�@| �u |�i

tih�itS

|'� 4�

8RWEj"| �8UL?�ih}it L? tL4i T@|� |�i? |�i @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| ���( �? |��t

U@tic @? �4ThL�i4i?| U@? Mi UL?t|h�U|i_ ��@ |h@?tuiht ���U� @hi _�gihi?| uhL4 3ihL L?*)@*L?} |�i tTiU��i_ T@|�� �*i@h*)c |�i _��ih}i?Ui Lu |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�8RWEj"| �8

@*L?} i�ih)

T@|� �t ?L| t��U�i?| |L i?t�hi |�@| |�i @**LU@|�L? �t ����

+,��+k 2G Oihi �i i @4�?i |�i hi*@|�L?t��T Mi|�ii? i �t|�?} hit�*|t uLh |�i }i?ih@*_i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB 4L_i* E��h!i dDo @?_ Bi@?@!LT*Lt @?_ �L*i4@hU�@!�t d�2o� @?_ L�hU�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu ���� i ��** @h}�i |�@| |�iti hit�*|t @**L� �t |L _ih��i |�i ?iUitt@h)@?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t uLh i @?|i �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) ��i? 4@h!i|t @hi UL4T*i|ic t�?Ui�? |�@| U@ti |�i iUL?L4) �t �tL4LhT��U |L @ _i|ih4�?�t|�U �wB iUL?L4) �? ���U� |�i?�4Mih Lu UL44L_�|�it �@h�it ��|� |�4ic M�| _L ?L| �@�i @?) _�hiU| �4T*�U@|�L? @t u@h @t��� �t UL?Uih?i_�

`�|� UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|tc @? @}i?| �t @M*i |L |h@_i �? |�i u�** 4i?� Lu UL?|�?}i?| UL4�4L_�|) UL?|h@U|t tL |�@| �i U@? �?t�hi @}@�?t| |�i �?Uih|@�?|) ML|� @| |�i _@|i Lu ��tM�h|� @?_ �? |�i tiUL?_ Tih�L_ Lu ��t *�ui( UL?ti^�i?|*)c ��t UL?t�4T|�L? T*@? tTiU��it ��tUL?t�4T|�L? @| |�i _@|i Lu ��t M�h|�c uLh @** TLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L?t Lu |�i i�i?| @| M�h|�c@?_ @| |�i t�Mti^�i?| _@|ic @}@�? uLh @** TLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L?t Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|)� Oi?Ui@? @}i?| U@? Mi _�t|�?}��t�i_ t�4T*) M) |�i _@|i Lu ��t M�h|�c |c @?_ ��t |)Tic �c @?_ �t�_i?|��i_ M) |�i T@�h E|c ��� O�t UL?t�4T|�L? ti| �t }��i? M) f|c� G' -uE7|n7|n��

n c ��|�

�S

}i?ih�U i*i4i?| %E|c ��c ��t i?_L�4i?| �iU|Lh �t /E|c �� 5 f|c�c @?_ ��t �|�*�|) u�?U|�L?�|c� G f|c� $ - ���U� �t t|h�U|*) �?Uhi@t�?} �? i�ih) ULLh_�?@|i� A�i @}i?|<t M�_}i|hit|h�U|�L? |@!it |�i uLh4 ER|c R|n�� �%E|c �� � ER|c R|n�� �/E|c ��� W? @** L|�ih hitTiU|tc i^���*�Mh�@ ��|� UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t @hi @t �? #i�?�|�L? �� wi| ERWWc %WW� _i?L|i @ UL4Ti|�|��ii^��*�Mh��4 ��|� UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t�

A�i R?@|�h@*� Uh�|ih�L? uLh i�@*�@|�?} |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@��i? 4@h!i|t @hi UL4T*i|i �t i @?|i �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) ���U� i�@*�@|it |�i �i*u@hi Lui�ih) @}i?| MiuLhi @?) hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|)( @| @? i @?|i �@hi|L LT|�4�4ch�t! �t @**LU@|i_ LT|�4@**) �? ML|� Tih�L_t Lu |�i @}i?|t< *��it� ,��_i?|*)c i @?|i �@hi|LLT|�4@*�|) �4T*�it ����

�t �? wi44@ � E��c �| U@? Mi t�L�? |�@| |�i @}i?|<t Thiuihi?Uit t@|�tu) |�i uL**L��?}?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �u @? @tt�4T|�L? @?@*L}L�t |L �tt�4T|�L? ��t 4@_iG uLh %WWE|c �� 5 -

uE7|n7|n��nn c @?_ &WW ' egMuc |�ihi i �t|t 4

|c�E&WW� : f t�U� |�@|

uLh n %E|c ��� %WWE|c �� n� &WWc

�|c�E%E|c ��� � �|c�E%WWE|c ��� ,

,[jMP|

[j�Mjn

B2Ej�c jc �� � �

[jMP|

B�Ejc �� n 4ES

jMP|B�Ejc ���2

n RWW| n

uLh @** f � 4 � 4|c�E&WW�� 5�4�*@h*)c L?i LM|@�?t @ ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?�

Z6hL4 dDo @?_ d�2o �| uL**L�t |�@|c �?_ih UL?_�|�L?t @?@*L}L�t |L |�Lti Lu A�iLhi4t� @?_ 2 @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? ��|� UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t �t i @?|i �@hi|LLT|�4@* �u @?_ L?*) �u |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�8R|WW8

_��ih}itc ��i� |�i UL4Ti|�|��i Th�Uit t@|�tu)

|�i U*@tt�U@* �@tt Uh�|ih�L? ��|� @ �@h�@M*i ?�4Mih Lu UL44L_�|�it��H

A�i UL?_�|�L? uLh i @?|i �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) U@??L| Mi UL4T@hi_ |L |�i UL?_�|�L? uLh��� _ih��i_ �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2 t�?Ui |�i hit�*|t hiuih |L _�gihi?| 4@h!i| t|h�U|�hit@?_ Th�Uit ERW @?_ RWW� LM|@�?i_ ��|� _�gihi?| i^��*�Mh��4 UL?UiT|t�

i ?L� @h}�i |�@| |�i hit�*|t �? dDo @?_ d�2o _L ?L| �@�i @?) _�hiU| �4T*�U@|�L? @tu@h @t @ U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu ��� �t UL?Uih?i_( |��t �t MiU@�ti |�Lti hit�*|t �|�*�3i |�iu@U| |�@| Thiuihi?Uit @hi t|h�U|*) 4L?L|L?�U �? @** |�i UL44L_�|�it @�@�*@M*i @| @ }��i?_@|ic @ UL?_�|�L? ���U� U@??L| Mi t@|�t�i_ ��i? @}i?|t @hi _�t|�?}��t�i_ M) |�i i�i?|@| |�i�h M�h|� E@t hi^��hi_ M) |�i ��� Uh�|ih�L?�� W? u@U|c �u |�i U�h�@|�hi ULi�U�i?|tc_itUh�Mi_ �? #i�?�|�L?t e @?_ Dc t@|�tu) |�i �?�uLh4 ML�?_t tTiU��i_ �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2|�i? _��ih}i?Ui Lu |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�8R|W8

�t ?i�|�ih @ ?iUitt@h) UL?_�|�L? ?Lh @ t��U�i?|UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� ��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|tG @t , @4T*i � Mi*L� t�L�tc @?@**LU@|�L? UL�*_ Mi ��� i�i? |�L�}� |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�8R|W8

UL?�ih}itc ���*i , @4T*i 2

t�L�t |�@| @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| 4@) i �t| i�i? |�L�}� |�i tih�itS

|'� 4�

8R|W8_��ih}it�

6�h|�ih4Lhic �u |�i U�h�@|�hi ULi�U�i?|t @hi @t �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2 |�i? _��ih}i?Ui Lu|�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�7|u8R|W8

�t @ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� M�| ?L| @ ?iUitt@h) UL?_�|�L?(

|��t Uh�|ih�L? LM|@�?t uhL4 d�2o ��i? |�i |L|@* ?�4Mih Lu @}i?|t MLh? @| _@|i | �t M7| ���*i|�i |L|@* ?�4Mih Lu UL44L_�|�it �t u7|c @t �? L�h ti|��T E��ihi @}i?|t @hi _�t|�?}��t�i_@UULh_�?} |L |�i i�i?| @| |�i�h M�h|��� #��ih}i?Ui Lu |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�7|u8R|W8

?iUitt@h�*)

4;Lw lv zruwk hpskdvl}lqj wkdw lq wklv fdvh iru vx�flhqf| zh qhhg $o+�,Vw+�,/ udwkhu wkdq $o+�,/ wr ehxqlirupo| erxqghg iru doo o 5 O dqg iru doo � 5 1

�.

�4T*�it |�@| |�i tih�itS

|'� 4�S

jMP|8RWEj�8

_��ih}itc�b ���U�c M) �LhL**@h) � Lu |��t T@Tihc

�t @ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ���( M�| , @4T*i � Mi*L� t�L�t �L� @? @**LU@|�L? UL�*_ Mi��� i�i? |�L�}�

S|'� 4

�7|u8R|W8

UL?�ih}it�

A�i uL**L��?} i @4T*i t�L�t |�@| i^��*�Mh��4 Th�Uit UL�*_ t@|�tu) |�i Uh�|ih�L? �?A�iLhi4 � i�i? |�L�}� ML|� |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�8R|W8

@?_ |�i tih�itS

|'� 4�

7|u8R|W8UL?�ih}i�

�LhiL�ihc �| t�L�t |�@| |�i UL?_�|�L? �? A�iLhi4 � �t _�gihi?| uhL4 |�i UL?_�|�L? �?�LhL**@h) � t�?Ui |�i tih�it

S"|'�

�SjMP|

8RWEj�8UL?�ih}it( |��t uL**L�t uhL4 |�i �?i^�@*�|)S"

|'��S

jMP|8RWEj�8

�S

|'� 4�

8R|W8�

,j���w, �G �L?t�_ih @? iUL?L4) ��ihi M ' �c u ' �c 7Ej� ' 2 uLh @** j 5 K( @*tLcP� ' ij@c jKj� wi| Th�Uit Mi @t uL**L�tG

RWEj� ' � �u |Ej� ' 2c ec Sc � � � @?_ j t�UUii_t j@Lh �u |Ej� ' �c �cDc � � � @?_ j t�UUii_t jK

RWEj� ' E�*��|Ej� L|�ih��titL |�@| @| i�i? _@|it @** |�i ?L_it �? |�i R|LT �@*u� Lu |�i |hii @hi @tt�}?i_ Th�Ui L?ic@| L__ _@|it @** |�i ?L_it �? |�i RML||L4 �@*u� Lu |�i |hii @hi @tt�}?i_ Th�Ui L?ic @?_@| @** L|�ih ?L_it Th�Uit _iU*�?i @| @ }iL4i|h�U h@|i( tL �i �@�i @ Tih�ihti uLh4 Lu?L?t|@|�L?@h�|) �? |�i Th�Uit� W| �t i@t) |L tTiU�u) Thiuihi?Uit @?_ i?_L�4i?|t tL |�@||�i Th�Uit @| @? 5��, |@!i |��t uLh4�

B��i? @?) ?L_i 7jc UL?t�_ih |�i t�M�|hii K7j |�@| �@t 7j @t �|t hLL| @?_ �?U*�_it i�ih)t�UUittLh Lu 7j �? K� A�i t�M�|hii �@t 2|3|E7j� ?L_it @| _@|i | @?_

A[|'|E7j�

�SjMP|KK7j n R

WEj� n'

A[|D|E7j� @?_ | i�i?

2|3|E7j�n

A[|D? @?_ | L__

2|3|E7j� � E�*��|�

�t A $ 4c |��t t�4 _��ih}it t�?Ui |�i tiUL?_ |ih4 L? |�i h�}�| _��ih}it� 5L |�iUh�|ih�L? �? A�iLhi4 � �t t@|�t�i_c �?_�U@|�?} |�@| |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t ��� E�u|�i @__�|�L?@* UL?_�|�L?t tTiU��i_ �? |�i |�iLhi4 �L*_��

OL�i�ihc |�i tih�it

[|'�

4�

n R|� n'[

|'�4

E2|3�E� n E�*��2|���*2

[

|'�4

2E|3��*2

UL?�ih}it� �*i@h*)c |�i tih�itS

|'� 4�

7|u8R|W8@*tL UL?�ih}it t�?Ui 7| ' 2|�

A�i ?i | i @4T*i t�L�t �L� i^��*�Mh��4 Th�Uit UL�*_ t@|�tu) |�i UL?_�|�L? |�@|S|'� 4

�8R|W8

_��ih}it i�i? |�L�}� |�i @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| ����

,j���w, 2G �L?t�_ih @? iUL?L4) �? ���U� M ' �c u ' �c 7Ej� ' 2 uLh @** j 5 K(

RWEj� ' E�*2�|*2 uLh @** j 5 P� 5�?Ui |�i tih�itS

|'� 4�

8RWEj"| �8UL?�ih}it @*L?} i�ih)

T@|�c M) A�iLhi4 2 |�i @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| ��� E�u |�i @__�|�L?@* UL?_�|�L?t tTiU��i_ �?|�i |�iLhi4 �L*_��

4<Vlqfh n s�w nApd{�5wn s�+�, n zh kdyh Vw� n s�w nA Vw �pd{�5w

n s�+�, nAS

�5wn s�+�, n1

�H

�*tL"[|'�

�SjMP|

n RWEj� n'

"[|'�

2| � �2|*2

'"[|'�

2|*2

UL?�ih}it( �? u@U|c uLh 7j @? @hM�|h@h) ?L_icS"

|'|E7j��S

jMP|KK7j8RWEj�8

UL?�ih}it ��ihi K7j �t

|�i t�M�|hii |�@| �@t 7j @t �|t hLL| @?_ �?U*�_it i�ih) t�UUittLh Lu 7j �? K�6�h|�ih4Lhic [

|'�4

n R|� n'[

|'�4

E2|EE�*2�|���*2

'[

|'�4�

_��ih}it�

A�i *@t| i @4T*i t�L�t |�@| |�i UL?_�|�L? |�@| |�ihi �t ?L �4ThL�i4i?| @*L?} L?*)L?i T@|� �t �i@!ih |�@? ����

,j���w, �G �L?t�_ih @? iUL?L4) �? ���U� M ' �c u ' �c 7Ej� ' 2 uLh @** j 5 K(RWEj� ' � uLh @** j 5 P� �*i@h*)c |�i tih�it

S|'� 4

�8RWEj"| �8

_��ih}it @*L?} i�ih) T@|��

OL�i�ihc |�i @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| ���� AL tii |��tc UL?t�_ih |�i �i�}�| u�?U|�L? bEj� ' �*2uLh @** j 5 P( �| uL**L�t |�@| |�i tih�it _i�?i_ �? A�iLhi4 2 @hi �?�uLh4*) ML�?_i_ @UhLttT@|�t tL |�@| @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| i �t|t E�u |�i @__�|�L?@* UL?_�|�L?t tTiU��i_ �? |�i|�iLhi4 �L*_��

+,��+k �G ~�*U�@ d2eo ThL��_it @ U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu @*�*LU@|�L?t �? |�i uh@4i�Lh! Lu @ L?i }LL_ �wB 4L_i* ��|� �?Uih|@�?|) @?_ ThL_�U|�L?@UULh_�?} |L @ _�gihi?| i�U�i?U) Uh�|ih�L?� Oi ThL��_it ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?tML|� uLh @**LU@|�L?t |L Mi 5�5#�i�U�i?| @?_ 6�5#�i�U�i?|c ��i� |L Mi ?L| _L4�?@|i_cuLh @?) @}i?|c �? |ih4t Lu tiUL?_ Lh_ih t|LU�@t|�U _L4�?@?Ui EhitTiU|��i*)c �ht| Lh_iht|LU�@t|�U _L4�?@?Ui�c UL?_�|�L?@* �TL? |�i i�i?| @| M�h|�� �L|i |�@| ��� �t @ t|hL?}ih�i*u@hi Uh�|ih�L? |�@? 5�5#�i�U�i?U) @?_c @ uLh|�Lh� Lu 6�5#�i�U�i?U)�2f

�i*i_ d2�o L? |�i L|�ih �@?_ ThL��_i_ @ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^���*�Mh��4 |L Mi ��� �? @? iUL?L4) ��|� L?i UL44L_�|) @?_ L?i @}i?| Tih }i?ih@|�L?ct|@|�L?@h) �@h!L� �?Uih|@�?|)c @?_ 4L?i) @t |�i L?*) @tti|� W| �t �i** !?L�? |�@| ��|�M ' � @ 4@h!i| t|h�U|�hi ��|� 4L?i) @t |�i L?*) @tti| �t i^���@*i?| |L �@��?} ti^�i?|�@**)UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t( tL �i U@? UL?�ih| �i*i_<t uLh4�*@|�L? �?|L L�h ti|��T� i U@? |�i?t�L� |�@| Etii 5iU|�L? S uLh |�i _i|@�*t� �u �i*i_<t t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� �L*_t |�i?cuLh tL4i " : fc |�i �?i^�@*�|) �S

jMP|RWEj�

� " �L*_t uLh @** |� �L|i |�@| |��t UL?_�|�L?

53D suhflvh vwxg| ri wkh uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq wkh uhvxowv lq ^57` dqg wklv sdshu lv gl�fxow khuh vlqfhwkh vwuxfwxuh ri wkh hfrqrp| frqvlghuhg lq ^57` lv udwkhu gl�huhqw iurp wkh rqh h{dplqhg khuh/ dqg vrlv wkh h�flhqf| qrwlrq1 Wkh suhflvh uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq rxu fkdudfwhul}dwlrq ri wkh frqglwlrqv iru FSRdqg wkh frqglwlrqv iru VRVG0h�flhqf| ghulyhg lq ^57` lv jlyhq lq Fkdwwrsdgk|d| ^;`/ zkhuh wkh fxuuhqwdqdo|vlv lv dssolhg wr wkh fdvh lq zklfk xqfhuwdlqw| lv ghvfulehg e| d �owhuhg suredelolw| vsdfh lqvwhdgri d gdwh0hyhqw vwuxfwxuh1 Uhvxowv dqdorjrxv wr Wkhruhpv 4 dqg 5 ri wklv sdshu duh vkrzq wr krog zlwkwkh zhljkwv uhsodfhg e| d vhtxhqfh ri ghqvlwlhv> wkh fulwhulrq lq ^57` lv rewdlqhg zkhq wkh ghqvlwlhv duhuhvwulfwhg wr wdnh wkh ydoxh rqh hyhu|zkhuh1 Wklv vxjjhvwv wkdw VRVG h�flhqf| lv pxfk zhdnhu wkdqFSR vlqfh wkh sdwk vxpv frxog glyhujh xqghu wkh fulwhulrq lq ^57` hyhq wkrxjk d vxevhw ri wkh vxpv duhxqlirupo| erxqghg iru ghqvlwlhv zklfk duh qrw lghqwlfdoo| htxdo wr rqh/ lqglfdwlqj wkdw FSR lpsuryhphqwvh{lvw1

�b

�4T*�it |�i �@*�_�|) Lu |�i UL?_�|�L? }��i? �? �LhL**@h) � @ML�i( |�i UL?�ihti �t ?L| |h�i|�L�}� EUL?t�_ih uLh i @4T*i |�i U@ti ��ihi

SjMP|

RWEj� ' |�� Oi?Ui �i*i_<t UL?_�|�L?�t t|hL?}ih |�@? |�i UL?_�|�L? �? �LhL**@h) � E���U� �i t@� �@t �? |�h? t|hL?}ih |�@? |�iUL?_�|�L?t ThL��_i_ �? A�iLhi4t � @?_ ���

e� 5A�AW���+v ,"NWwW�+W�W? |��t tiU|�L? �i hit|h�U| @||i?|�L? |L t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@c U�@h@U|ih�3i_ M) |�i u@U| |�@|uLh i@U� @}i?| |�i i^��*�Mh��4 UL?t�4T|�L? *i�i* L?*) _iTi?_t L? |�i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i�?Uih|@�?|) _�h�?} ��t *�ui|�4ic ?L| L? T@t| hi@*�3@|�L?t ?Lh L? |�i _@|i Lu ��t M�h|�� A�i4@h!i| t|h�U|�hi �t �?U�@?}i_c U�@h@U|ih�3i_ M) ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t�

i ��** @tt�4i �ihi |�@| |�i �?Uih|@�?|) �? |�i i?��hL?4i?| �t }i?ih@|i_ M) |�ihi@*�3@|�L?t Lu @ |�4i �L4L}i?iL�t �@h!L� ThLUitt ��|� � i_ �?�|i t|@|i tT@Ui V E��ihirV ' 7�� A�i t|h�U|�hi Lu |�i _@|i�i�i?| |hii �?_�Ui_ M) @** TLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L?t Lu |�i�@h!L� ThLUitt uhL4 @? �?�|�@* _@|i | ' f �t @t uL**L�t� A�i �?�|�@* ?L_i jf �t @? i*i4i?|Lu V( ti| P� G' ijfj�Vc @?_ �|ih@|��i*) P| G' P|3��V uLh | ' 2c �c � � �� W? |��t uh@4i�Lh!@ ?L_i j| U@? Mi �_i?|��i_ ��|� |�i t|h�?} Ejfc r�c r2c � � � c r|�c ��ihi r� 5 V _i?L|it |�ihi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �@h!L� ThLUitt @| _@|i � c � ' �c � � � c | Ejf �t |�i? |�i hi@*�3@|�L? @| |�i�?�|�@* _@|i��2� A�i _@|i i�i?| |hii Kjf |��t �?_�Ui_ �@t @| i�ih) ?L_i |�i t@4i ?�4MihLu t�UUittLhtc r7Ej� ' 7 uLh @** jc @?_ rP| ' 7|�

6Lh t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ |L i �t| @__�|�L?@* UL?_�|�L?t @hi ?ii_i_� i ��** @tt�4i|�@| |�i iUL?L4) �t @*tL t|@|�L?@h)c ��i� |�@| |�i i?_L�4i?|t @?_ �|�*�|) u�?U|�L?t Lu i@U�@}i?| L?*) _iTi?_ L? |�i hi@*�3@|�L?t Lu |�i �@h!L� ThLUitt _�h�?} ��t *�ui|�4ic ?L| L?|�4i ?Lh L? T@t| hi@*�3@|�L?tG /Ej|c �� ' /Er|c �� ' E/Er|( r|c ��c E/Er|c r( r|c ���rM4�c @?_�j|c� ' �r|c�c uLh @** �c j|c r|c | t�U� |�@| j| ' Ejfc r�c r2c � � � c r|�� W? @__�|�L? �i ��** @tt�4i|�@| @ t�?}*i UL44L_�|) �t @�@�*@M*i @| i@U� _@|ic ��i� u ' ��

N?_ih |�i @ML�i t|@|�L?@h�|) UL?_�|�L?t Lu |�i i?��hL?4i?|c i@U� @}i?| U@? t�4T*) Mi�_i?|��i_ M) |�i |h�T*i Er|c |c �� 5 V �i�c 2c � � �j �Mc _itUh�M�?} |�i t|@|i @?_ |�i _@|i @|��t M�h|� @t �i** @t |�i @}i?|<t |)Ti ELh Ejfc fc �� uLh |�i �?�|�@* L*_��

6Lh4@**)c �i t@) @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 ��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t E%Wc RW��t t|@|�L?@h) �uc �? @__�|�L? |L |�i ThLTih|�it t|@|i_ �? #i�?�|�L? �c |�i uL**L��?} UL?_�|�L?@*tL �L*_tG %WEj|c �� ' %WEr|c �� uLh @** Ej|c �� 5 P�M E��i� |�i UL?t�4T|�L? @**LU@|�L? Lui@U� @}i?| L?*) _iTi?_t L? |�i t|@|i @| |�i _@|i Lu ��t M�h|� @?_ |�i t|@|it @| |�i ?i |_@|i�� N?_ih |�i @ML�i UL?_�|�L?tc @?_ �tt�4T|�L? �c t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� 5��,@*�@)t i �t|�22

AL U�@h@U|ih�3i i�U�i?U) �i ��** �ti |�i u@U| |�@| |�i t)t|i4 iR|j|D� Lu Th�Uit Lu @**UL?|�?}i?| UL44L_�|�it @| |�i �?�|�@* _@|i �4T*�U�|*) _i�?it @ t)t|i4 Lu tTL| Th�Uit uLh |�iUL44L_�|�it @?_ L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| Th�Uit @| @** ?L_it E}��i? |�i i^���@*i?Ui @*hi@_)?L|�Ui_ �? 5iU|�L? 2�� 5�?Ui u ' �c tTL| Th�Uit U@? Mi �}?Lhi_ �ihi( |�i �iU|Lh ^Ej|� Lu |�iTh�Uit @| @ }i?ih�U ?L_i j| Lu L?i Tih�L_ U*@�4tc UL?|�?}i?| L? @** TLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L?t Lu|�i �?Uih|@�?|) @| |�i ?i | _@|ic UL?_�|�L?@* L? j|c �t |�i? }��i? M) EEREj��*REj|��j�Mjn| �� W|

54Lq wkh suhvhqw vhw0xs/ vw lghqwl�hv wkh duf ohdglqj iurp qrgh +�3> v4> v5> � � � > vw�4, wr qrgh+�3> v4> v5> � � � > vw,= Lw lv d jhqhudo surshuw| ri gdwh0hyhqw wuhhv wkdw qrghv fdq dovr eh lghqwl�hg e| wkhvhtxhqfh ri dufv ohdglqj wr wkhp iurp wkh urrw ri wkh wuhh�vhh Irrwqrwh 8 lq Vhfwlrq 51

55Vhh h1j1 Jrwwdugl ^46`1 Zkhq O A 4/ dv vkrzq e| Vshdu ^56`/ vwdwlrqdu| htxloleuld gr qrw h{lvw/jhqhulfdoo| +lq hqgrzphqwv dqg xwlolw| ixqfwlrqv,1

2f

�t i@t) |L tii |�@| @| @ t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh��4 ^Ej|� L?*) _iTi?_t L? r|( �i?Ui |�i t)t|i4Lu L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| Th�Uit �t t�4T*) _itUh�Mi_ M) @ 4@|h� 'c Lu _�4i?t�L? 7 � 7c��|� }i?ih�U i*i4i?| ^rr�c _itUh�M�?} |�i Th�Ui ^�L|i_ �? t|@|i r uLh @ U*@�4 ThL4�t�?} |�i_i*��ih) Lu L?i �?�| Lu |�i }LL_ @| |�i ?i | _@|i �? t|@|i r��

wi| bE'� _i?L|i |�i _L4�?@?| hLL| Lu |�i 4@|h� '� A�i ?i | hit�*| t�L�t |�@| @UL4T*i|i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ U@? Mi }��i?�? |ih4t Lu |�i �@*�i Lu bE'�G

AO,�+,� eG wi| E%Wc RW� Mi @ t|@|�L?@h) UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 E��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4�T*i|i 4@h!i|t� @?_ 'W Mi |�i 4@|h� Lu |�i @ttLU�@|i_ L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| U*@�4 Th�Uit�N?_ih �tt�4T|�L? �c �u |�i i?��hL?4i?| �t t|@|�L?@h)c u ' �c @?_ %WEr(�� 5 -�n7

nn E��i�|�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t �?|ih�Lh uLh i@U� @}i?|�c �i �@�iGE�� |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? %W �t UL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@* �u bE'W� � �(E��� �u bE'W� : �c %W �t ?L| UL?_�|�L?@**) �@hi|L LT|�4@*( 4LhiL�ihc �| �t �@hi|L _L4�?@|i_E�? |�i ��� ti?ti� M) @?L|�ih t|@|�L?@h) @**LU@|�L?�2�

A�i hit�*| �t |L @ *@h}i i |i?| @? �4T*�U@|�L? Lu |�i uL**L��?}G

w,��� 2G wi| RW Mi @ t)t|i4 Lu Th�Uit @| @ t|@|�L?@h) UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 E��|� ti�^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t� @?_ 'W Mi |�i 4@|h� Lu |�i @ttLU�@|i_ L?i Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?|U*@�4 Th�Uit� A�i? �i �@�iGE��

S"|'�

�SjMP|

RWEj� 4 ', |�ihi i �t|t @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L? bKjf @?_ @ tU@*@h � 4

t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih) T@|� j"EKjf�c

�E j"EKjf�( EKjf c bKjf �� G'"[|'�

ebKjf Ej"| �

RWE j"| �� ��

E��� bE'W� : �+,S"

|'��S

jMP|RWEj�

4�

A�i hit�*| �? T@h| E�� Lu wi44@ 2 t@)t |�@|c uLh |�i tTiU�@* U@ti Lu |�i t|@|�L?@h)i^��*�Mh�@ Lu @ t|@|�L?@h) iUL?L4)c |�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� LM|@�?i_ �? �LhL**@h)� �t @*tL @ ?iUitt@h) UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� E�|t ��L*@|�L? �4T*�it �? u@U| |�i �@*�_�|) Lu |�i?iUitt@h) UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� Lu A�iLhi4 2�� �@h| E��� Lu wi44@ 2 |�i? it|@M*�t�it |�ii^���@*i?Ui Mi|�ii? |��t UL?_�|�L?Q|�i UL?�ih}i?Ui Lu |�i tih�it @TTi@h�?} �? �LhL**@h)�c ��Lti |ih4t @hi }��i? M) |�i hiU�ThLU@*t Lu |�i t�4 Lu |�i Th�Uit RWEj� @| @** ?L_it @|@ }��i? _@|iQ@?_ |�i UL?_�|�L? |�@| |�i _L4�?@?| hLL| Lu |�i 4@|h� Lu |�i @ttLU�@|i_L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| Th�Uit ^Wrr� �t }hi@|ih |�@? �� �L4M�?�?} |�iti |�L hit�*|t ��|��LhL**@h) � @?_ A�iLhi4 2 �i LM|@�? |�i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? ThL��_i_ �? A�iLhi4 eG |�i?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ |L Mi ��� �t bE'W� � �� A�i

56Lq Wkhruhp 7 zh qr orqjhu qhhg wr lpsrvh xqlirup xsshu dqg orzhu erxqgv rq wkh fxuydwxuh frhi0�flhqwv dv lq Wkhruhpv 4 dqg 51 Wkh vwdwlrqdulw| ri wkh hqylurqphqw dqg ri wkh htxloleulxp frqvlghuhghqvxuh lq idfw wkdw wkh vhw ri htxloleulxp frqvxpswlrq ohyhov lv ghvfulehg e| d �qlwh froohfwlrq ri yhfwruv/vr wkdw xqghu Dvvxpswlrq 4 xqlirup erxqgv dozd|v krog1

2�

|�iLhi4 @U|�@**) it|@M*�t�it @ t*�}�|*) t|hL?}ih hit�*| @t �| t�L�t |�@| �u bE'W� : � @ ����4ThL�i4i?| i �t|t i�i? �u �i *�4�| L�h @||i?|�L? |L t|@|�L?@h) @**LU@|�L?t�

+,��+k eG ��)@}@h� @?_ �i*i_ d�o i @4�?i @ t|@|�L?@h) t|LU�@t|�U �wB iUL?L4)c t�4��*@h |L |�i L?i Lu |��t tiU|�L?� �) t|�_)�?} |�i tL*�|�L?t Lu @ �?�|i _�4i?t�L?@* T*@??ih<tThLM*i4 uLh t�U� @? iUL?L4)c |�i) t�L� |�@| @? �?|ih�Lh t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L?�t LT|�4@*c @UULh_�?} |L |�i ��� Uh�|ih�L?c �? |�i U*@tt Lu @** t|@|�L?@h) @**LU@|�L?t �u @?_L?*) �u bE'� � �� A�i hit�*| �? A�iLhi4 e �t t�}?��U@?|*) t|hL?}ih @t �| t�L�t |�@| �u |�it@4i UL?_�|�L? EbE'� � �� �L*_tc t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ @hi LT|�4@*c �? |�i ��� ti?tic �?|�i U*@tt Lu @** @**LU@|�L?tc ��i� i�i? �u �i @**L� uLh ?L?t|@|�L?@h) hi@**LU@|�L?t�

�@?�i**� d�.o UL?t�_iht |�i U@ti Lu @ t|@|�L?@h) t|LU�@t|�U �wB iUL?L4) ��ihi �?Uih�|@�?|) �t _itUh�Mi_ M) @ t|@|�L?@h) �@h!L� ThLUitt ��|� �?�?�|i t�TTLh|c _itUh�Mi_ M) @UL4T@U| ti|� N?_ih |�i @__�|�L?@* UL?_�|�L? |�@| |�ihi �t @ t�?}*i @}i?| Tih }i?ih@|�L?c��i� M ' �c �i t�L�t |�@| |�i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh @ t|@|�L?@h) UL4�Ti|�|��i @**LU@|�L? |L Mi ��� �? |�i U*@tt Lu @** @**LU@|�L?t �t bE'� � �� A�i @h}�4i?|Lu |�i ThLLu Lu ��t hit�*| �t h@|�ih _�gihi?| uhL4 L�ht @?_ �t M@ti_ L? |�i �@h|�?}@*i�L?�ih}i?Ui A�iLhi4�

D� 5,"N,�AW�wwv W�����w,A, ��+k,A5G � 5�,�W�w ��5,i UL?t�_ih �? |��t tiU|�L? |�i U@ti �? ���U� @}i?|t @hi ?L *L?}ih @M*i |L u�**) �?t�hi

@}@�?t| i�ih) TLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|) ��i? L*_( 4@h!i|t @hi |�i? t@�_ |LRti^�i?|�@**) �?UL4T*i|i�� � }i?ih@* @?@*)t�t Lu |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�it Lu UL4Ti|�|��ii^��*�Mh�@ ��|� ti^�i?|�@**) �?UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t �t Mi)L?_ |�i tULTi Lu |��t T@Tih(2e �ihi�i L?*) i @4�?i |�i tTiU�@* U@ti ���U� @h�tit ��i? |�ihi �t L?*) L?i @tti|c @ h�t!*ittML?_c @�@�*@M*i @| i@U� _@|i�i�i?|�

��� @TTi@ht |L Mi |LL _i4@?_�?} @t @? i�U�i?U) Uh�|ih�L? uLh UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4@**LU@|�L?t ��i? 4@h!i|t @hi ti^�i?|�@**) �?UL4T*i|i� �L?ti^�i?|*)c �i UL?t�_ih @ �i@!ihUh�|ih�L?c i TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) E_i?L|i_ ,�����2D �UULh_�?} |L |��t ?L|�L? |�i@}i?|t< �i*u@hi �t i�@*�@|i_ M) UL?_�|�L?�?} L? |�i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|) ?L| L?*)�? |�i �ht| Tih�L_ Lu |�i�h *��it M�| @*tL |�i tiUL?_ Tih�L_� ,�U�i?U) |�i? L?*) UL?Uih?t|�i @**LU@|�L? Lu UL44L_�|�it @| i@U� _@|i�i�i?| T@�hc @?_ Mi|�ii? |�i |�L Tih�L_t Lu |�i@}i?|t< *�ui|�4ic ?L| |�i @**LU@|�L? Lu h�t!� 5�U� @ ?L|�L? @TTi@ht |L Mi T@h|�U�*@h*) �i**t��|i_ uLh |�i @?@*)t�t Lu i�U�i?U) �? t�|�@|�L?t ��ihi |�ihi �t ?L @tti| ��Lti T@)Lg �tUL?|�?}i?| L? |�i t|@|i�

W? Lh_ih |L Mi @M*i |L @TT*) |��t Uh�|ih�L?c �i ?ii_ |L Mi @M*i |L i�@*�@|i @}i?|t<Thiuihi?Uit L�ih UL?t�4T|�L? UL?_�|�L?@* �TL? ML|� |�i i�i?| ��i? )L�?} @?_ |�i i�i?|��i? L*_� AL |��t i?_c �i ��** �4TLti �ihi |�i @__�|�L?@* UL?_�|�L? |�@| Thiuihi?Uit @hi@__�|��i*) tiT@h@M*i L�ih |�4i @?_ @UhLtt |�i �@h�L�t TLtt�M*i i�i?|t ��i? L*_G

�55N��AW�� 2G

57Vhh Fdvv/ Juhhq dqg Vshdu ^:` dqg Jrwwdugl ^47` iru vrph suholplqdu| vwhsv rq wklv lvvxh158Oxfdv ^49` zdv wkh �uvw wr xvh vxfk d fulwhulrq wr hydoxdwh wkh zhoiduh surshuwlhv ri frpshwlwlyh

htxloleuld lq ROJ prghov xqghu xqfhuwdlqw|1

22

6Lh @** Ejc �� 5 P�Mc �jc�E%Ejc��� ' �jcjc�E%Ej(jc ��� nS

j�Mjn �j�cjc�E%Ej�(jc����

N?_ih |��t @tt�4T|�L? |�i Thiuihi?Uit Lu @}i?| Ejc �� ?@|�h@**) �?_�Ui @ tTiU��U@|�L?Lu Thiuihi?Uit L�ih UL?t�4T|�L? UL?_�|�L?@* �TL? ML|� |�i i�i?|tc |�@| ��i? )L�?} @?_|�@| ��i? L*_�

A�i Thi��L�t _i�?�|�L?t Lu ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L?t hi4@�?t �?U�@?}i_� i @hi ?L� hi@_)|L _i�?i |�i ?i� �i*u@hi Uh�|ih�L?G

#,6W�WAW�� S E,����G wi| % Mi @ ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L?� % �t i TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@*E,���� �u |�ihi _Lit ?L| i �t| @?L|�ih ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L? e% t�U� |�@|E�� uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P� �Mc �jc�cJEe%Ej(�c J�� � �jc�cJE%Ej(�c J��c

uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P�Mc j� 5 jnc�jcjc�Ee%Ej(jc��� n �j�cjc�Ee%Ej�(jc��� � �jcjc�E%Ej(jc ��� n �j� cjc�E%Ej

�(jc ���cE��� i�|�ih uLh tL4i E�jc ��� 5 P� �Mc ��jc��cJEe%E�j( ��c J�� : ��jc��cJE%E�j(

��c J��c

Lh uLh tL4i E�jc ��� 5 P�Mc �j� 5 �jnc��jc�jc��Ee%E�j( �jc ���� n ��j�c�jc��Ee%E�j�( �jc ���� : ��jc�jc��E%E�j( �jc

���� n ��j� c�jc��E%E�j�( �jc �����

A��t ,��� @TT*�it |�i �t�@* �@hi|L Uh�|ih�L? |L |�i *@h}ih ti| Lu @}i?|t Ehi*@|��i |L|�i ��� Uh�|ih�L?� ��ihi i�ih) @}i?| �t _�t|�?}��t�i_ M) |�i i�i?| u@Ui_ @| i@U� Lu |�i|�L _@|it @| ���U� �i �t @*��i� `�i? U@hh)�?} L�| |�i ,��� LT|�4@*�|) @?@*)t�tc �i ��**�ti |�i ?L|@|�L? Ej�c jc �� |L �_i?|�u) @? @}i?|�

AL LM|@�? @? �4ThL�i4i?| @UULh_�?} |L |�i ,��� Uh�|ih�L?c @? @}i?| ��L hiUi��it@ ?i}@|��i |h@?tuih ��i? )L�?} 4�t| Mi UL4Ti?t@|i_ ��|� @ TLt�|��i |h@?tuih �? i�ih)TLtt�M*i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|) ��i? L*_� �) �|ih@|�?} |�i @h}�4i?| �i tii |�@|�i 4�t| �@�i @ ?L?3ihL |h@?tuih @| @** ?L_it ���U� @hi t�UUittLht |L @ ?L_i @| ���U� @|h@?tuih �t 4@_i� �L?ti^�i?|*)c �i _i�?i @ u�** t�M�|hii ��|� hLL| �jc _i?L|i_ M) KE�j�c @t@ t�M�|hii ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| i�ih) ?L_i j 5 K ���U� �t @ t�UUittLh Lu �j �t @? i*i4i?|Lu KE�j��

i U@? hi*@|i |�i |h@?tuiht |�@| }i?ih@|i ,��� @?_ ��� �4ThL�i4i?|t M) UL4T@h�?}#i�?�|�L?t 2 @?_ S� �L?t�_ih @ |h@?tuih _i�?i_ L? tL4i u�** t�M�|hii( U@** �| |�i R�?�|�@*�|h@?tuih� 6Lh i@U� T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hiic �?_�Ui @ R?i�� |h@?tuih ���U� |@!it |�i �@*�i3ihL @| @** ?L_it Lg |�i T@|� |�@| �@t Mii? � i_ @?_ |@!it |�i t@4i �@*�i @t |�i R�?�|�@*�|h@?tuih @| @** ?L_it L? |�i T@|�� A��t ThLUi_�hi }i?ih@|it @ UL**iU|�L? Lu R?i�� |h@?tuihtcL?i uLh i@U� T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii� 5�TTLti |�@| i@U� Lu |�iti R?i�� |h@?tuiht �t ����4ThL��?}( |�i? |�i R�?�|�@*� |h@?tuih 4�t| Mi ,��� �4ThL��?}�2S

+,��+k DG AL ThLTih*) i�@*�@|i |�i UL?ti^�i?Uit Lu |�i ti^�i?|�@* �?UL4T*i|i?itt Lu4@h!i|tc �i ThL��_i �ht| @ ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@��|� ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t |L Mi ,���� 5Lc *i| E%Wc RW� Mi @? 5��,� �) @?�44i_�@|i i |i?t�L? Lu |�i @h}�4i?| Lu wi44@ � �i LM|@�? |�@|c �?_ih �tt�4T|�L?t� @?_ 2c uLh %WEjc �� 5 -

uE�n7Ej��nn c |�i uL**L��?} �iht�L? Lu |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@?

U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �L*_t uLh |�i @}i?| Ej�c jc ��G uLh &W ' egMuc |�ihi i �t|t 4j�cjc�

E&W� :

f t�U� |�@| uLh n %Ej�(jc ��� %WEj�(jc �� n� &Wc

�jcjc�Ee%Ej(jc ��� n �j�cjc�Ee%Ej�(jc ��� � �jcjc�E%WEj(jc ��� n �j� cjc�E%

WEj�(jc ���

59Fohduo|/ wklv lv qrw wkh vdph dv uhtxlulqj d FSR lpsuryhphqw rq rqo| rqh sdwk1

2�

, B2Ej�c jc �� � �B�Ejc �� n 4

EB�Ejc ���2

n RWEj� n

uLh @** f � 4 � 4j�cjc�

E&W� E��ihi �i hiU@** |�@| B�Ejc �� G' RWEj� � de%Ej(jc ��� %WEj(jc ��oc

B2Ej�c jc �� G' RWEj�� � de%Ej�(jc ��� %WEj�(jc ��oc uLh j� 5 jn�� � t�4�*@h i Thitt�L? U@?Mi LM|@�?i_ uLh |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?�

�?i U@? t�L� |�@|c �?_ih UL?_�|�L?t @?@*L}L�t |L A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2c @? 5��, @**L�U@|�L? �t i TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@* �u @?_ L?*) �u |�ihi i �t|t @ u�** t�M�|hii KE�j� @?_ @?� 4 t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih) T@|� j"EKE�j�� �? |�i u�** t�M�|hiic

S|'|E�j� 4

�8RWE j"| �8

� ��

A�i ThLLu Lu |��t hit�*| uL**L�t U*Lti*) |�i ThLLut Lu A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2 t�?Uic @t �@t?L|i_ i@h*�ihc |�i UL?_�|�L?t LM|@�?i_ uLh ,��� �4ThL�i4i?|t @| @? 5��, @hi t�4T*) |�iUL?_�|�L?t uLh �@��?} @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| L? i�ih) T@|� UL?|@�?i_ �? @ u�** t�M�|hii�

W| �t i@t) |L tii |�@| |�i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t uLh @? 5��, @**LU@|�L? |LMi ,��� @hi *itt _i4@?_�?} |�@? |�i ULhhitTL?_�?} UL?_�|�L?t uLh ���� �t �i ?L|�Ui_c,��� �t �? u@U| @ �i@!ih ?L|�L? Lu LT|�4@*�|) |�@? ����

i |�h? |L |�i T@h|�U�*@h ti^�i?|�@**) �?UL4T*i|i 4@h!i| t|h�U|�hi �? ���U� |�ihi �tL?*) L?i @tti|c @ h�t!*itt ML?_c ThL4�t�?} |�i _i*��ih) Lu @ � i_ @4L�?| Eti| i^�@* |LL?i ��|�L�| *Ltt Lu }i?ih@*�|)� Lu |�i ?�4ih@�hi UL44L_�|) �? |�i t�Mti^�i?| Tih�L_c�?_iTi?_i?| Lu |�i hi@*�3@|�L? Lu |�i �?Uih|@�?|)�

W? Lh_ih |L Mi @M*i |L _�hiU|*) UL4T@hi |�i UL?_�|�L?t LM|@�?i_ �ihi ��|� |�i hit�*|tLM|@�?i_ �? |�i i@h*�ih tiU|�L?t Lu |��t T@Tihc �i �ti |�i ?L @hM�|h@}i UL?_�|�L? |L �h�|i |�iTh�Ui Lu |�i @tti| �? |ih4t Lu @ �iU|Lh Lu t|@|i Th�Uit @?_ |�i? t�Mt|�|�|i @�@) |�i TLh|uL*�L�L*_�?}t �? |�i M�_}i| UL?t|h@�?|t� W| uL**L�t |�@| |�i �@h�@M*it @TTi@h�?} �? @? @}i?|<tM�_}i| UL?t|h@�?|t @hic @t MiuLhic |�i UL?|�?}i?| UL44L_�|) Th�Uit EREj�c EREj���j�Mjn�@?_ |�i UL?t�4T|�L? M�?_*i %Ejc ��c M�|c }��i? 4@h!i| �?UL4T*i|i?ittc |�i @}i?| ?L�u@Uit @ 4�*|�T*�U�|) Lu M�_}i| UL?t|h@�?|t�

#,6W�WAW�� . E���,�G E7%c 7R� �t @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 ��|� UL4T*i|i tTL| 4@h!i|t@?_ @ h�t!*itt ML?_ E���,� �u 7% �t @ ui@t�M*i @**LU@|�L?c @?_cE�� uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P� �Mc

7REj� � 7%Ej(�c J� � 7REj� � /Ej(�c J��jc�cJE%Ej(�c J�� : �jc�cJE7%Ej(�c J�� , 7REj� � %Ej(�c J� : 7REj� � /Ej(�c J�

E��� uLh @** Ejc�� 5 P �McE7REj�c 7REj��� � E7%Ej(jc ��c 7%Ej�(jc ��� � E7REj�c 7REj��� � E/Ej(jc ��c /Ej�(jc ��� uLh @** j� 5 jnc

�jc�E%Ejc ��� : �jc�E7%Ejc ��� ,E7REj�c 7REj��� � E%Ej(jc��c %Ej�(jc ��� : E7REj�c 7REj��� � E/Ej(jc ��c /Ej�(jc��� uLh tL4i

j� 5 jn�W? ��@| uL**L�t �i ThL��_i @ U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu |�i i�U�i?U) ThLTih|�itc @UULh_�?}

|L |�i ,��� Uh�|ih�L?c Lu i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� UL4T*i|i tTL| 4@h!i|t @?_ @ h�t!*itt ML?_c �?|ih4t Lu |�i Th�Uit 7R�

� Uh�U�@* t|iT �? |�i @h}�4i?| �t |�i _ih��@|�L? Lu @TThLTh�@|i U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?tc@ 4Lhi t�M|*i ThLM*i4 t�?Ui @}i?|t ?L� u@Ui @ 4�*|�T*�U�|) Lu M�_}i| UL?t|h@�?|t� iMi}�? M) ?L|�?} |�@| �?_ih �tt�4T|�L?t � @?_ 2c uLh @** Ejc �� 5 P � Mc |�i LT|�4@*

U�L�Ui 7%Ejc��c �u �| �t �?|ih�Lhc ��i� 7%Ejc�� 5 -uE�n7Ej��nn c t@|�t�it |�i uL**L��?} �ht| Lh_ih

UL?_�|�L?tG

2e

(�jcjc�E7%Ej(jc ��� ' ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ��� � 7REj�c(�j�cjc�E7%Ej�(jc ��� ' 7>Ej�c jc �� �7REj�� uLh @** j� 5 jnc @?_

E7REj�c 7REj����dE7%Ej(jc ��c 7%Ej�(jc ���� E/Ej(jc ��c /Ej�(jc ���o ' fc��ihi (�jcjc� EhitTiU|��i*)c (�j�cjc�E��� �t |�i �iU|Lh Lu _ih��@|��it Lu �jcjc�E�� EhitTiU�

|��i*)c �j�cjc�E��� ��|� hitTiU| |L �|t u @h}�4i?|tc @?_ ��ihi EE7>Ej�c jc ���j�Mjn� 5 -7Ej�nn

�t |�i �iU|Lh Lu w@}h@?}i 4�*|�T*�iht @ttLU�@|i_ ��|� |�i 7Ej� UL?t|h@�?|t u@Ui_ M) Ejc ��ETLt�|���|) uL**L�t uhL4 |�i t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|) Lu Thiuihi?Uit��

Z6hL4 |�i @ML�i i Thitt�L?t �i tii |�@| |�i RTihtL?@*�3i_� Th�Ui �iU|Lh EES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ����7REj�c E7>Ej�c jc �� �7REj���j�Mjn� t�TTLh|t |�i t@4i U�L�Ui 7%Ejc�� Lu @}i?| Ejc �� �ihi �i |L4@ �4�3i �|�*�|) t�M�iU| |L @ t�?}*i �?|ih|i4TLh@* M�_}i| UL?t|h@�?| E@t �i _Lit ��i?4@h!i|t @hi ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i�� A��t @**L�t �t |L LM|@�? |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@?U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �? |ih4t Lu |�iti RTihtL?@*�3i_� Th�Uit M) itti?|�@**) |�i t@4i @h}��4i?| @t �? |�i ThLLu Lu wi44@ �G �?_ih �tt�4T|�L?t � @?_ 2c uLh 7%Ejc �� 5 -

uE�n7Ej��nn c

@?_ &W ' egMuc |�ihi i �t|t 4j�cjc�

E&W� : f t�U� |�@| uLh n %Ej�(jc ��� 7%Ej�(jc �� n� &Wc

�jcjc�Ee%Ej(jc ��� n �j�cjc�Ee%Ej�(jc ��� � �jcjc�E7%Ej(jc ��� n �j� cjc�E7%Ej�(jc���

, 7>Ej�c jc ��B2Ej�c jc �� � �E

[j�Mjn

7>Ej�c jc ���B�Ejc ��n4EES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ���B�Ejc ���2

ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ��� n 7REj� n

uLh @** f � 4 � 4j�cjc�

E&W� E��ihi B�Ejc�� G' 7REj� � de%Ej(jc �� � 7%Ej(jc ��oc B2Ej�c jc �� G'

7REj���de%Ej�(jc ���7%Ej�(jc ��oc uLh j� 5 jn�� 5�?UiS

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc �� : fc �i U@? hi�h�|i|�i tiUL?_ �?i^�@*�|) �? |�i @ML�i i Thitt�L? @t uL**L�tG

7>Ej�c jc ��

ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ���B2Ej

�c jc �� � �B�Ejc �� n 4EB�Ejc ���2

n 7REj� n

uLh @** f � 4 � 4j�cjc�

E&W��

W? @ t�4�*@h 4@??ihc �i U@? LM|@�? |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?�wi| 7>Ej�� _i?L|i |�i @�ih@}i Lu |�i @}i?|t< w@}h@?}i 4�*|�T*�iht @| @ }��i? ?L_i j�G

7>Ej�� G'�

M

[�MM

7>Ej�c jc ��

ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ���uLh j� 5 ^|D�P|�

W? |�i uL**L��?} hit�*|c �i LM|@�? tiT@h@|i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L?t uLh UL4�Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� UL4T*i|i tTL| 4@h!i|t @?_ @ h�t!*itt ML?_ |L Mi ,����

AO,�+,� DG wi| E7%c 7R� Mi @ ���, @?_ *i| i7>Ej�c jc ��jjMKcj�Mjnc�MM Mi |�i t)t|i4 Lu@ttLU�@|i_ w@}h@?}i 4�*|�T*�iht� 5�TTLti �tt�4T|�L?t � @?_ 2 �L*_ @?_ @tt�4i |�@||�ihi @hi ?�4Miht g : fc 4 : fc 0 : fc 74 : fc @?_ 7& : fc t�U� |�@|E�� /,Ej� � 2gM uLh @** , ' �c � � � c u uLh @** ?L_it j 5 PcE��� uLh i�ih) Ejc�� 5 P �Mc @?_ i�ih) j� 5 jnc

7%Ejc�� � 0 ��uE�n7Ej��f�c 4 � 4j�cjc�

EegMu� @?_ 74j�cjc�E7&� � 74�

�� Wu |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| i TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@* |�i? |�ihi i �t|t @ u�**t�M�|hii KE�j� @?_ @? � 4 t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih) T@|� j"EKE�j�� �? |�i u�** t�M�|hiic

�E j"EKE�j��� G'[

|'|E�j�4

M |3|E�j�E�|�'|E�j�n�7>Ej

"� �� n 7RE j"| � n

� ��

2D

�� Wu |�ihi i �t|t @ u�** t�M�|hii KE�j�c ��|� @? @}i?| �j 5 M @| i�ih) ?L_i j 5 KE�j�c @?_|�ihi i �t|t @? � 4 t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih) T@|� j"EKE�j�� �? |�i u�** t�M�|hiic

�E j"EKE�j��� G'[

|'|E�j�4��|�'|E�j�n�

Sj�MEj"�3��

n 7>Ej�c j"�3�c �j"�3��

7>Ej"� c j"�3�c �j"�3��

��

n 7RE j"| � n� �c

|�i? |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? �t ?L| i TLt| �@hi|L LT|�4@*�

W? |�i Thiti?| ti|��Tc |�i Th�Uit @TTi@h�?} �? |�i B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?t @hi@}i?|�tTiU��U @?_c t�?Ui 4@h!i|t @hi �?UL4T*i|ic ��** |)T�U@**) �@h) �? @ ?L?�|h���@* �@)��|� �� Oi?Uic |�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? ��|� 4@?) @}i?|t Tih }i?ih@|�L? �t t|@|i_ �?|ih4t Lu |�i @�ih@}i Lu |�iti @}i?|�tTiU��U Th�Uit�2. ,��_i?|*)c |��t �tt�i _Lit ?L| @h�ti��i? |�ihi �t @ t�?}*i @}i?| Tih }i?ih@|�L? @t �? |��t U@ti �i U@? t�4T*) �ti |�i Th�Uitt�TTLh|�?} |�i U�L�Ui Lu |�@| @}i?|� 5L ��|� M ' �c |�i |�L UL?_�|�L?t �? A�iLhi4 Dhi_�Ui |L @ t�?}*i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh @ ���, |L ?L| Mi ,���G

�E j"EKE�j��� G'[

|'|E�j�4��|�'|E�j�n�

Sj�MEj"�3��

n 7>Ej�c j"�3��

7>Ej"� c j"�3��

��

n 7RE j"| � n� �c

��ihi i7>Ej�c j�jjMKcj�Mjn @hi |�i @}i?|<t w@}h@?}i 4�*|�T*�iht @| |�i ���,��L|�Ui |�@| �? |�i Thiti?| ti|��Tc ��|� L?i @}i?| Tih }i?ih@|�L?c 4@h!i|t @hi igiU|��i*)

ti^�i?|�@**) UL4T*i|i( �i?Uic |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? @| @ ���, �t @*tL @? 5��, i^��*�M�h��4c t�TTLh|i_ M) |�i RTihtL?@*�3i_� Th�Uit EE

Sj�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ����7REj�c E7>Ej�c jc �� �7REj���j�Mjn��

�*i@h*)c L?Ui Th�Uit @hi hiT*@Ui_ M) |�iti RTihtL?@*�3i_� Th�Uitc |�i UL?_�|�L? @ML�i EuLh���, |L Mi ,��� ��i? M ' �� hi_�Uit |L |�i ?iUitt@h) @?_ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? }��i?�? +i4@h! D uLh 5��, |L Mi ,����

5:Qrwlfh wkdw wkh qxpehu ri djhqwv glg qrw sod| dq| uroh lq rxu hduolhu uhvxowv1

2S

S� �+��65�+��6 �6 w,��� �

i uL**L� �i?�i?�t|i d�o @?_ �@*@t!L @?_ 5�i** d2o�i ��** ThL�i @ 4Lhi }i?ih@* hit�*| uhL4 ���U� wi44@ � uL**L�t�

6Lh � @?_ � TLt�|��i �?|i}ihtc *i| - �n � - �n Mi @? @}i?|<t UL?t�4T|�L? ti|c L G- �n � - �n $ - Mi ��t �|�*�|) u�?U|�L?c @?_ ER�c R�� � E%�c %�� � 6 Mi ��t M�_}i|hit|h�U|�L?c ��ihi R ' ER�c R�� �t @ Th�Ui �iU|Lhc % ' E%�c %�� �t @ UL?t�4T|�L? �iU|Lhc@?_ 6 : f�

�*tLc *i| T% G' i+ 5 - �n � - �nmL E+� � LE%�jc |�i �i@! �TTih UL?|L�h ti| @| %c@?_c uLh & 5 -nc 4 5 -c *i| gE%c &� G' i+ 5 -�

n � - �nm n + � % n� &jc gE%c &c R� G'

i+ 5 gE%c &�mR� � E+� � %�� fjc @?_ -E4c %c R� G' i+ 5 -� � - �mR� �E+� � %�� �

�R� �E+��%��n 4 ER� �E+�3%���28R�8

jc @ T@h@ML*L�_ Lu U�h�@|�hi 4 ���U� �@t % L? �|t ML�?_@h)@?_ R @t |�i t�TTLh| �iU|Lh @| %�

w,��� ��G wi| % ' E%�c %�� 5 - �nn � - �nn Mi |�i tL*�|�L? |L |�i @}i?|<t �|�*�|)4@ �4�3@|�L? ThLM*i4 @| Th�Uit R ' ER�c R�� 5 - �nn � - �nn� N?_ih |�i @tt�4T|�L?|�@| LE�� �t �2c t|h�U|*) 4L?L|L?ic @?_ _�gihi?|�@M*) t|h�U|*) ^�@t��UL?U@�ic tL |�@| ;5 5- ��- �c 5 9' fc 5 � u%L ' f , 53(2%L5 fc �i �@�iE�� uLh @?) & : fc 4 : f ��ihi 4 G' t�Ti4mT% _gE%c &� � -E4c %c R� _gE%c &�j(E��� uLh @?) & : fc 4 : 74 � f ��ihi 74 G' �?ui4m-E4c %c R� _gE%c &c R� � T% _gE%c &c R�j��+��6G E�� N?_ih |�i @tt�4T|�L?t Lu |�i *i44@c uLh @?) & : fc |�ihi �t @ U*Lti_ M@** Luh@_��t oc uLh �*o : fc ��|� Ui?|ih @| S ' %n o

8R8Rc _i?L|i �| M) �ESco�c ���U� �t E@� |@?}i?|

|L |�i M�_}i| T*@?i @| %c EM� |@?}i?| |L |�i �TTih UL?|L�h ti|c T%c @| |�i TL�?| %c @?_EU� UL?|@�?t |�i ti| T% _gE%c &� Etiic i�}� �@t��L*i** d�Hc T@}i efo��

�L� |@!i @?) TL�?| + ' E+�c +�� �? |�i ti| T%_gE%c &�( tL + 5 �ESco� @?_ n +� S n� o�wi| b 9' f Mi t�U� |�@| n bE+ � %� � o

8R8R n' o( t�?Ui S ' %n o

8R8Rc �i �@�i n bE+ � %� n

%� S n' oc @?_ �i?Ui b � � @t n + � S n� o� �L�bE+ � %� � EbE+ � %�� 2o

8R8R� ' EbE+ � %�� o

8R8Rn o

8R8R� � EbE+ � %�� o

8R8R� o

8R8R�

' n bE+ � %�� o8R8

R n2 � n o8R8

R n2 ' o2 � o2 ' f�

A��t bn + � % n2 ' E+�%�� 2o8R8

Rc ���U� �4T*�it R�E+�%� � �2on + � % n2 n R n t�?Ui b � ��

5�?Ui n ER�c R�� n�n R� nc @?_ n +�% n�n +��%� nc �i �@�i R�E+�%� ��2on +� � %� n2 n

R� n� ��| n +��%� nn R� n� mR��E+��%��mc tL �i �@�i n +� � %� n2 n R� n��R� uE+�3%���2

8R�8c

@?_ R � E+ � %� � �2o

�R�E+�3%���28R�8

� wi||�?} 4 ' �2o

�i tii |�@| uLh + 5 gE%c &�c

LE+� � L E%� , R� �E+� � %�� � �R� �E+� � %�� n 4 ER� �E+�3%���28R�8

5Lc uLh 4 ' �2o: fc T%_gE%c &� � -E4c %c R�_gE%c &�c �4T*)�?} |�@| t�Ti4mT%_gE%c &� �

-E4c%c R� _gE%c &�j : f� A��tc 4 : f�E��� 6Lh @?) & : fc M) t4LL|�?itt @?_ t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|) Lu Thiuihi?Uit |�ihi i �t|t @T@h@ML*L�_ ��|� U�h�@|�hi 4 ���U� �t *LU@**) UL?|@�?i_ �? |�i ti| T% @?_ �t |@?}i?| |L T% @|% Etiic i�}� �i?�i?�t|i d�o�� 5Lc uLh @?) & : fc |�ihi �t @ 4 uLh ���U� -E4c %c R�_gE%c &c R� �T% _gE%c &c R�( u�h|�ih4Lhic M) *LU@* ?L?�t@|�@|�L?c 4 � f E�? u@U|c M) E�� @ML�ic 4 : f��Oi?Uic �?ui4m-E4c %c R� _gE%c &c R� � T% _gE%c &c R�j �t ML�?_i_� A��tc 4 : 74�

2.

�+��6 �6 AO,�+,� ��t �?_�U@|i_ �? |�i |i |c |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 � t|@h|t M) t�L��?} |�@| �u |�ihi i �t|t

@ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| |�i? ?iUitt@h�*) |�ihi i �t|t @ t�M�|hii ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| |�iTih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih |L |�i L*_ @}i?|t @| i@U� ?L_i j �t t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i� i |�i? UL?t|h�U|@ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?c M) _�t@}}hi}@|�?} |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih @UhLtt ?L_it ��i? L*_c @?_|�i? �i t�L� |�@| |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �4T*�it |�@| |�i TihU@T�|@ |h@?tuihc |h@?tuLh4i_ M) |�i �i�}�|tc �?Uhi@tit @UULh_�?} |L @ ^�@_h@|�U u�?U|�L?@*L?} i�ih) T@|�� 6�?@**)c �i �ti |�i �?�uLh4 ML�?_ L? i?_L�4i?|t |L t�L� |�@| |��t^�@_h@|�U �?Uhi@ti U@? LUU�h L?*) �u |�i �i�}�|i_ hiU�ThLU@* Lu |�i ?Lh4 Lu |�i Th�Ui�?Uhi@tit t��U�i?|*) u@t| @*L?} i�ih) T@|��

5�?Ui |�i UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 @**LU@|�L? %W �tc M) @tt�4T|�L?c ?L| ���c |�ihi4�t| i �t| @? �4ThL��?} @**LU@|�L?( *i| e% _i?L|i t�U� @? �4ThL��?} @**LU@|�L?� 6Lh Ejc �� 5P �Mc UL?t|h�U| |�i ti^�i?Uit B�Ejc�� ' RWEj� � de%Ej(jc�� � %WEj(jc ��oc B2Ej�c jc �� 'RWEj�� � de%Ej�(jc ���%WEj�(jc ��oc uLh j� 5 jn ( t�4�*@h*) B2Ejc �c J� G' RWEj� � de%Ej(�c J��%WEj(�c J�o� #i�?i B2Ejc J� G' �

M

S�MM B2Ejc �c J�c B�Ej� G'

�M

S�MM B�Ejc ��c B2Ej

�c j� G'�M

S�MM B2Ej

�c jc ����) t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|) E�tt�4T|�L? � E����c @?_ |�i u@U| |�@| e% �4ThL�it L�ih %Wc

�i �@�i |�@| uLh i�ih) @}i?| Ejc �c J� Lu |�i �?�|�@* }i?ih@|�L? B2Ej�c �c J� � fc ���*i uLhi�ih) @}i?| Ejc �� Lu |�i t�UUitt��i }i?ih@|�L?t B�Ejc�� n

Sj�Mjn B2Ej

�c jc �� � f( @ t|h�U|�?i^�@*�|) �L*_t �u e%Ejc �� 9' %WEjc �� EM) t|h�U| ^�@t��UL?U@��|)�� 5Lc @�ih@}�?} @UhLtt� 5 Mc

B2Ejc J� � f uLh @** j 5 P�c B�Ej� nS

j�Mjn B2Ej�c j� � f uLh @** j 5 Pc

@?_ |�i �?i^�@*�|) �t t|h�U| �u @| *i@t| L?i Lu |�i @}i?|t MLh? @| ?L_i j �t Mi�?} t|h�U|*)�4ThL�i_�

6i@t�M�*�|) Lu e% @?_ %W �4T*�it |�@|B�Ej� n B2Ejc J� � fc uLh j 5 P�c B�Ej� n B2Ejcj3�� � fc uLh j 5 ^|D2P|�

6�h|�ih4Lhic t�?Ui e% @?_ %W _�gihc |�ihi �t @ �?�|i |c @?_ @ ti| gP| �M� P| �McuLh | � |c t�U� |�@| uLh i�ih) @}i?| Ejc �� 5 ^||EP| � M�c e%Ejc �� ' %WEjc ��c ���*i uLh

Ej|c �� 5 gP| �Mc e%Ej|c �� 9' %WEj|c ��� Oi?Ui uLh @** Ejc�� 5 ^||EP|�M�c @?_ j� 5 jnc �i

�@�i B�Ejc �� ' B2Ej�c jc �� ' f� �? |�i L|�ih �@?_c uLh j| t�U� |�@| E j|c �� 5 gP| �Mc

M) ui@t�M�*�|)c B�Ej|� n B2Ej|c j|3�� � f ( t�?Ui B2Ej|c j|3�� ' fc �i �@�i |�i? B�Ej|� � f�5�?Ui e% �@t @tt�4i_ |L Mi @? �4ThL��?} @**LU@|�L?c uhL4 |�i t|h�U| ^�@t��UL?U@��|) @?_4L?L|L?�U�|) Lu Thiuihi?Uit �| uL**L�t

Sj�Mjn|

B2Ej�c j|� : f( �i?Ui uLh tL4i �j 5 jn| c

B2E�jcj|� : f� � �@hi|L �4ThL��?} ti^�i?Ui Lu hi@**LU@|�L?t Lu hitL�hUitc t|@h|�?} uhL4}i?ih@|�L? j| 4�t| |�ihiuLhi Mi U�@h@U|ih�3i_ M) @ TLt�|��i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih |L |�i4i4Miht Lu |��t }i?ih@|�L? �? @| *i@t| L?i t|@|i ��i? L*_c �j 5 jn

| ��L|i |�@| �j 5 P|n�� Nt�?} @}@�? ui@t�M�*�|)c �i �?_ B�E�j� fc tL |�@| M) 4L?L|L?�U�|)cS

j�M�jn B2Ej�c �j� : f @?_ �i?Ui B2Ej��c �j� : f uLh tL4i j�� 5 �jn� W_i?|�u) @** |�i ?L_it |�@|

@hi �44i_�@|i t�UUittLht Lu |�i ?L_i �j @?_ @| ���U� |�i L*_ hiUi��i @ TLt�|��i Tih U@T�|@|h@?tuih� W|ih@|�?} |�i @h}�4i?|c �i U@? �?_ @ UL**iU|�L? Lu ?L_it ���U� @hi t�UUittLhtLu �j 5 P|n� @?_ @hi U�@h@U|ih�3i_ M) E�� @ TLt�|��i *i�i* Lu Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuiht |L |�iL*_ @}i?|t @?_ E��� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| |�i ti| Lu t�UUittLht |L @?) }��i? ?L_i �? |�i ti|�?U*�_it @** ?L_it @| ���U� |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih �t TLt�|��i� W| �t i@t) |L �ih�u) |�@||��t ti^�i?Ui _i�?it @ t�M�|hii( *i| �| Mi _i?L|i_ M) K�j� �) UL?t|h�U|�L?c uLh @** j 5 K�jc

2H

B2Ejc j3�� : f��) t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|) Lu Thiuihi?Uitc RWEj� :: f @| @** ?L_it( tL n R�Ej� n: f

uLh @** j 5 P� 6�h|�ih4Lhic M) UL?_�|�L? E�� Lu A�iLhi4 � @?_ �tt�4T|�L? � E��c ne%Ejc �� � %WEjc �� n� 2gMuE� n 77� uLh @** Ejc�� 5 P �M� Oi?Uic M) �?|ih�Lh�|) Lu |�i@**LU@|�L? @?_ M) wi44@ �c uLh @** @}i?|t Ejc �� 5 K�j �M �i �@�i

[j�MjnKK�j

B2Ej�c jc �� � �B�Ejc�� n 4

jc�E2gMuE� n 77��

EB�Ejc ���2

n R�Ej� n� E2�

Nt�?} UL?_�|�L? E��� Lu A�iLhi4 �c |�i �?i^�@*�|) �? E2� UL?|�?�it |L �L*_ �u �i hiT*@Ui4jc�E2gMuE�n77�� M) 4� W? @__�|�L?c ?L|�Ui |�@| |�i ti| Lu T@�ht EB�Ejc��c

Sj�Mjn B2Ej

�c jc ��� 5

-2 ���U� t@|�tu) E2� �t @ UL?�i ti|( �i?Uic �u �i UL?t�_ih |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih |L |�iM 4i4Miht Lu }i?ih@|�L? j 5 Pc |�i �?i^�@*�|) �t t|�** �@*�_G

[j�MjnKK�j

B2Ej�c j� � �B2Ej� n 4

EB�Ej��2

n R�Ej� n� E��

�L�c _i�?i |�i u�?U|�L? bK�j G K�j $ dfc�o M) |�i h�*i

bK�jEj�� G' B2Ej�cj�S

j�MjnKK�jB2Ej�cj�

B��i? |�i �@) �? ���U� |�i t�M�|hii K�j �@t UL?t|h�U|i_c |�i u�?U|�L? bK�j �t �i** _i�?i_L? �|t _L4@�?c �t TLt�|��ic @?_ t@|�t�it |�i hit|h�U|�L?

Sj�MjnKK�j bK�jEj

�� ' � uLh @** j 5 K�j�5L �i �@�i @ T@�h EK�jc bK�j� UL?t�t|�?} Lu @ t�M�|hii @?_ @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?c |�i *@||ih

_i|ih4�?i_ M) |�i hi*@|��i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuiht @UhLtt t�UUittLh ?L_it�6Lh |�i hit| Lu |�i ThLLuc �i UL?Ui?|h@|i L? j"EK�j�c @? @hM�|h@h) T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii�Nt�?} |�i _i�?�|�L? Lu |�i u�?U|�L? bK�j c |�i �?i^�@*�|) �? |�i U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?c E��c

U@? Mi hi�h�||i? @t�

bK�jEj��B2Ej

�c j� � �B�Ej� n 4EB�Ej��

2

n R�Ej� nc Ee�

��i� @t @ UL?_�|�L? @| @ }��i? T@�h Lu ?L_itc @?_ Ee� �L*_t uLh @** j�c j 5 K�j� Nt�?} |�i u@U||�@|c M) ui@t�M�*�|)c B2Ejc j3�� n B�Ej� ' fc @?_ |�@| B2Ejc j3�� : f uLh @** j 5 K �jc �i U@?�?�ih| Ee� |L LM|@�?

bK�jEj��

B2Ej�c j��

B2Ejc j3���

n R�Ej� n

4

� n 4 B2Ejcj3��8RWEj�8

ED�

uLh @** j 5 K�j��) UL?_�|�L? E�� Lu A�iLhi4 �c |�i Tih U@T�|@ i?_L�4i?| Lu i�ih) UL44L_�|) �t

ML�?_i_ @| i@U� ?L_i� Oi?Uic f B2Ejc j3�� � 2gu n R�Ej� n tL |�@|

4

� n 2gu4�

4

� n 4 B2Ejcj3��8RWEj�8

� ES�

5�Mt|�|�|�?} ES� �? ED� �i �@�i

bK�jEj��

B2Ej�c j�n

4

� n 2gu4

n R�Ej� n�

B2Ejc j3��� E.�

2b

��| M) �|ih@|�?} L? |�i �?i^�@*�|) E.� @*L?} j"EK�j�c |�i T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii |�@| �i� i_c �i �@�i

bK�jEj"A � � � �bK�jEj

"|E�j��

B2Ej"A c j"A3��

n4

� n 2gu4

A3�[|'|E�j�

bK�jEj"| � � � �bK�jEj

"|E�j��

n R�Ej"| � n�

B2E�jc �j3��EH�

tL |�@| |�i tih�it L? |�i *iu|��@?_ t�_i Lu EH�c Mi�?} TLt�|��i @?_ 4L?L|L?�U@**) �?Uhi@t�?}c4�t| UL?�ih}i E|�i L|�ih |�L |ih4t Mi�?} TLt�|��i t�?Ui 4 : f�� +iU@**�?} |�i _i�?�|�L?

Lu |�i u�?U|�L? ebK�j c @?_ _i�?�?} � 'G �B2E�jc�j3��

c �i �@�i

�E j"EK�j�( EK�jc bK�j�� G'"[

|'|E�j�

ebK�jEj"| �

n RWE j"| � n� ��

A��t UL4T*i|it |�i ThLLu Lu |�i |�iLhi4 t�?Ui |�i @h}�4i?| @ML�i �@t 4@_i uLh @?@hM�|h@h) T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii�

�+��6 �6 AO,�+,� 2A�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 2 UL?t�t|t �? E�� ThLTLt�?} @ U@?_�_@|i UL**iU|�L? Lu |h@?tuiht ELu

�?UL4i� ���U� ��** t�TTLh| @? �4ThL�i4i?|c E��� �ih�u)�?} |�@| |�ihi i �t|t @ ULhhitTL?_��?} UL**iU|�L? Lu UL44L_�|) |h@?tuiht ���U� �t ui@t�M*ic ��i� }i?ih@|it UL44L_�|) M�?_*it�? |�i UL?t�4T|�L? ti| Lu i�ih) @}i?| @?_ �t UL4T@|�M*i ��|� @}}hi}@|i i?_L�4i?|tc @?_E���� �ih�u)�?} |�@| |�i |h@?tuiht t@|�tu) |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? tL |�@||�i @ttLU�@|i_ UL44L_�|) |h@?tuiht }i?ih@|i @ �@hi|L �4ThL�i4i?|�

5|iT �G i Mi}�? M) tTiU�u)�?} |�i |h@?tuiht @| i�ih) j 5 Kj� 5�?Ui i@U� ?L_i U@? Mi�_i?|��i_ ��|� @ ULLh_�?@|i Lu tL4i T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hiic �| t��Uit |L _i�?i |�i |h@?tuihtuLh i@U� ULLh_�?@|i @*L?} i@U� T@|� �? |�i t�M�|hii� �L?ti^�i?|*)c uLh | � |Ej� �i _i�?i

BEj"|n�� G'V

E� n V74��2ebKjEj"|n�� |[

�'|Ej�

ebKjEj"� �

n RWE j"� � n

��ihi V G' �

E�n77��*2 4�? i0c 7&j @?_ E@� 0 : f �t @t tTiU��i_ �? �)TL|�it�t E�� Lu A�iLhi4

2 EM� 7& : f @?_ 74 : f @hi @t tTiU��i_ �? �)TL|�it�t E��� Lu A�iLhi4 2c EU� 77 � � �t|�i 4@ �4@* ?�4Mih Lu t�UUittLh ?L_it Etii �tt�4T|�L? � E���c @?_ |�i u�?U|�L? ebKj �t�?_�Ui_ M) |�i T@�h EKjc bKj�c |�i t�M�|hii @?_ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?c tTiU��i_ �? |�i |�iLhi4�

5i| BEj� G' f uLh j *5 Kj�

�f

5|iT 2G i ?L� tTiU�u) |�i UL44L_�|) |h@?tuiht� 6Lh j 5 Kc _i�?i |�i �iU|Lht {%j 5 -u@t uL**L�tG {%j G' RWEj�

8RWEj�8BEj�

8RWEj�8� �L� *i| {%Ejc �� G' E�{%jc E{%j��j�Mjn� uLh @}i?|t �j

@t _i�?i_ �? |�i t|@|i4i?| Lu A�iLhi4 2c @?_ ti| {%Ejc �� G' f 5 -u uLh � 9 '�j�A�i UL?t�4T|�L? �iU|Lht �?_�Ui_ M) |�i ThLTLti_ |h@?tuiht @hi e%Ejc �� G' %�Ejc�� n

{%Ejc ���,��_i?|*)c |�iti |h@?tuih �iU|Lht @hi UL4T@|�M*i ��|� |�i @}}hi}@|i i?_L�4i?|t Lu |�i

iUL?L4)� W? Lh_ih |L Mi @M*i |L �ti |�i �?i^�@*�|) _i�?i_ M) |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h��@|�hi UL?_�|�L? E#i�?�|�L? D� �i ?ii_ |L U�iU! |�@| |�iti �iU|Lht *�i �? |�i UL?t�4T|�L?ti|t Lu |�i @}i?|tc @?_ t@|�tu) |�i �?i^�@*�|) n {%Ejc �� n� 7&� i ?L� U�iU! |�iti |�LThLTih|�it�

�) |�i �)TL|�it�t Lu A�iLhi4 2cebKj Ej"| �

8RWEj"| �8� � uLh @** ?L_it j"| 5 Kjc @?_

S|�'|Ej�

ebKj Ej"� �

8RWE j"� �8�

�c tL |�@| � �t @ �?�uLh4 ML�?_ uLh |�i ti| Lu T@h|�@* t�4t L�ih T@|�t �? |�i t�M�|hii�Oi?Ui

�2 �ebKjEj"|n��n RWEj"|n�� n

|[�'|Ej�

ebKjEj"� �

n RWE j"� � n� Eb�

6�h|�ih4Lhic t�?Ui V : f @?_ 74 : fc

� :�

� n V74, V :

V

� n V74� E�f�

�L4M�?�?} Eb� @?_ E�f�c @?_ �t�?} |�i _i�?�|�L? Lu BEj� �i �@�i

V : V�nV74

� ��2

ebKj Ej"|n��8RWEj"|n��8

S|�'|Ej�

ebKj Ej"� �

8RWE j"� �8

'BEj"|n��

8RWEj"|n��8�

5Lc uLh i�ih) ?L_i j @?_ uLh , ' �c 2c � � � c uc

{%,j G'RW,Ej�

8RWEj�8BEj�

8RWEj�8 V�

��| M) |�i _i�?�|�L? Lu Vc 0 : V tL |�@| |�i ti^�i?Ui Lu UL44L_�|) |h@?tuih �iU�|Lhtc {%jc �t ML�?_i_ @ML�i �? i@U� ULLh_�?@|i M) 0 E�| �t LM��L�t*) ML�?_i_ Mi*L� M)3ihL�� W?�L!�?} �)TL|�it�t E�� Lu A�iLhi4 2c �i tii |�@| e%Ejc �� 5 fjc� uLh i@U� @}i?|�6�h|�ih4Lhic �i i@t�*) tii |�@|c �? |�i ,�U*�_i@? ?Lh4c

n {%j n'nRWEj�8RWEj�8

BEj�8RWEj�8

n' BEj�8RWEj�8

V�Oi?Uic �? |�i ,�U*�_i@? ?Lh4c

n {%Ejc �� n 'n E�{%jc E{%j��j�Mjn� n V E� n 77��*2

� 7&��ihi |�i �ht| �?i^�@*�|) uL**L�t uhL4 |�i u@U| i@U� Lu |�i E� n 77� u�_�4i?t�L?@* �iU|Lht{%j @?_ E{%j��c uLh j

� 5 jnc �@�i ?Lh4t ML�?_i_ M) Vc tL |�@| |�i ,�U*�_i@? ?Lh4 Lu

{%Ejc �� �t ML�?_i_ M) VE� n 77��*2

c @?_ |�i tiUL?_ �?i^�@*�|) uL**L�t uhL4 |�i _i�?�|�L?Lu V� A��tc �i �@�i n {%Ejc �� n� 7& @t hi^��hi_�

5|iT �G i UL4T*i|i |�i ThLLu M) t�L��?} |�@| |�i @**LU@|�L? }i?ih@|i_ M) |�i @ML�itTiU��U@|�L? Lu |�i |h@?tuiht �t �4ThL��?}� i t�L� |�@| |�i �?i^�@*�|) �? |�i ML�?_i_B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �t t@|�t�i_ uLh @}i?|t ��L @hi MLh? @| ?L_it ���U� Mi*L?}|L |�i t�M�|hii Kj @?_ hiUi��i @ |h@?tuihc ��i� |�i @}i?|t �j( t�?Ui @** |�i L|�ih UL?_�|�L?t�4TLti_ �? #i�?�|�L? D L? |�i �iU|Lht Lu |h@?tuiht @hi hi@_�*) tii? |L Mi t@|�t�i_ M)|�i �iU|Lht {%Ejc��c �ih��U@|�L? Lu |�i �?i^�@*�|) }�@h@?|iit |�@| |�i @}i?|t @hi Mi�?}

��

�i@!*) �4ThL�i_� A��t �t t��U�i?| t�?Ui |�i L*_ @}i?| @| |�i ?L_i jc hiUi��it @ TLt�|��i|h@?tuih Lu i�ih) UL44L_�|) ��i? L*_ @?_ �t t|h�U|*) �4ThL�i_ M) t|h�U| 4L?L|L?�U�|) LuThiuihi?Uit�

�) UL?t|h�U|�L?c |�i �?UL4i |h@?tuihtc ULhhitTL?_�?} |L |�i UL44L_�|) |h@?tuiht{%Ejc �j|�c hiUi��i_ M) |�i @}i?| �j| �? |�i �ht| Tih�L_ Lu ��t *�ui @?_ �? |�i tiUL?_Tih�L_ @| |�i ?L_i j"|n�c @hi }��i? M)c hitTiU|��i*)2H

B�Ej"| c �j|� ' �BEj"| � ' � VE�nV74��2

ebKjEj"| �S|3�

�'|Ej�

ebKjEj"� �

8RWE j"� �8

B2Ej"|n�c j"| c �j|� ' BEj"|n�� '

VE�nV74��2

ebKjEj"|n��S|

�'|Ej�

ebKj Ej"� �

8RWE j"� �8�

5�?Uic M) |�i _i�?�?} ThLTih|) Lu |�i u�?U|�L? bKj c �i �@�iS

j�MjnKKj bKjEj�� ' � uLh

@** j 5 Kjc @?_ hiU@**�?} |�@| ebKjEj"|n�� ' bKjEj"|n�� �

ebKjEj"| �c �i �@�iSj�Mj| n B2Ej

�c j|c �j|� 'V

E�nV74��2ebKjEj"| �

S|�'|Ej�

ebKj Ej"� �

8RWE j"� �8

��ihi �i �@�i �ti_ |�i u@U| |�@| |h@?tuiht @hi 4@_i L?*) L? ?L_it �? |�i t�M�|hii Kjc tL|�@|S

j�Mj| n B2Ej�c j|c �j|� '

Sj�Mj| nKKj

B2Ej�c j|c �j|���L� �| �t �44i_�@|i uhL4 |�i _i�?�|�L?t Lu |�i |h@?tuiht |�@|

B�Ej|c �j|� nS

j�Mj| n B2Ej�c j|c �j|� '

VE�nV74��2

ebKjEj"| �ebKj Ej"| �

8RWEj"| �8

, dB�Ej|c �j|� nS

j�Mj| n B2Ej�c j|c �j|�o n R�Ej|� n '

VE�nV74��2

EebKjEj"| ��2�

5�?Ui 74jc�jE7&� � 74 @?_ V : fc �i �@�i

� �V74j|c�j|

E7&�

�nV74

@?_ uhL4 |�i �?�uLh4 ML�?_ L�ih @** T@|�t �? |�i t�M�|hii �i �@�i

� �S|

�'|Ej�

ebKj Ej"� �

8RWE j"� �8�

W| uL**L�t |�@|

dB�Ej|c �j|� n[

j�Mj| n

B2Ej�c j|c �j|�o n R�Ej|� n �

V74j|c�j| E7&�

� n V74

#S|3��'|Ej�

ebKj Ej"� �

8RWE j"� �8

$2�

�V

E� n V74��2EebKjEj"| ��

2

' 74j|c�j| E7&��

V

E� n V74��2ebKjEj"| �

#|3�[

�'|Ej�

ebKjEj"� �

n RWE j"� � n

$$2

' 74j|c�j| E7&�EB�Ej|c �j|��2�

5Lc |�i |h@?tuiht ThLTLti_ �ih�u) |�i �?i^�@*�|) UL?_�|�L? �? #i�?�|�L? D�

5;Lq zkdw iroorzv/ zh zloo lghqwli| �4w dqg �w hwf1

�2

�+��6 �6 AO,�+,� �A�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 � ThLUii_t M) UL?|h@_�U|�L?� �t �? A�iLhi4 �c �i t|@h| M)

t�L��?} |�@| �u |�ihi i �t|t @ ��� �4ThL�i4i?| |�i? ?iUitt@h�*) |�ihi i �t|t @ t�M�|hii ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| |�i Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih |L |�i L*_ @}i?|t @| i@U� ?L_i j �tt|h�U|*) TLt�|��i� i |�i? t�L� |�@| }��i? |�i Uh�|ih�L? |�@| �i U�LLti |L @}}hi}@|i |�iTih U@T�|@ |h@?tuiht @UhLtt ?L_it @| |�i t@4i TL�?| �? |�4ic |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@?U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �4T*�it |�@| |�i @}}hi}@|i_ Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuih �?Uhi@tit @UULh_�?} |L@ ^�@_h@|�U u�?U|�L?� �i | �i �ti |�i �?�uLh4 ML�?_ L? i?_L�4i?|t |L t�L� |�@| |��t^�@_h@|�U �?Uhi@ti U@? LUU�h L?*) �u |�i t�4 Lu |�i ?Lh4t Lu Th�Uit @| |�i t@4i TL�?| �?|�4i �?Uhi@tit t��U�i?|*) u@t|� A��t }��it @ �@tt�*�!i Uh�|ih�L?� A�i ThLLu �t UL4T*i|i_ M)UL?t�_ih�?} @? @hM�|h@h) ?L_i �? |�i t�M�|hii |�@| �@t Mii? �_i?|��i_ @?_ M) @TT*)�?} |�it@4i @h}�4i?| |L |�i ti^�i?Ui Lu @}}hi}@|i_ Tih U@T�|@ |h@?tuiht LM|@�?i_ M) t|@h|�?}uhL4 |�@| ?L_i�

i L4�| tL4i Lu |�i _i|@�*t Lu |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 � hiuihh�?} �?t|i@_ |L |�i ThLLuLu A�iLhi4 ��

5�TTLti |�@| |�i @**LU@|�L? %W �t ?L| ��� tL |�@| |�ihi i �t|t @? �4ThL�i4i?|( *i|e% _i?L|i |�i �4ThL��?} @**LU@|�L?� �t �? |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 �c UL?t|h�U| |�i t�M�|hiiK�j� �) UL?t|h�U|�L?c uLh @** j 5 K�jc B2Ejcj3�� : f� �) |�i t@4i @h}�4i?| @t �? |�i ThLLuLu A�iLhi4 �c �i LM|@�?c uLh @** j 5 PS

j�Mjn B2Ej�c j�

n R�Ej� n� �

B�Ej�

n R�Ej� nn 4

�B�Ej�

n R�Ej� n

�2� E���

Wu j 5 K�jc E��� �L*_t @ uLh|�Lh� �u L? |�i *iu| �@?_ t�_i Lu |�i i Thitt�L? �i hiT*@Ui |�i?�4ih@|Lh ��|�

Sj�MjnKK�j B2Ej

�c j�c ��i� �u �i L?*) UL?t�_ih |�i t�4 Lu @�ih@}i |h@?tuiht|L |�i @}i?|t ��i? L*_ L�ih |�i t�Mti| E_i�?i_ M) K�j� Lu |�i UL**iU|�L? Lu ?L_it @| ���U�|�iti |h@?tuiht @hi t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i�

wi| j� Mi @? @hM�|h@h) ?L_i Lu K�jc @| Tih�L_ � ' |Ej� �c @?_ UL?t�_ih KEj�cK�j�� +iU@**|�@| KEj�cK�j� �t |�i t�M|hii |�@| �@t j� @t �|t hLL| @?_ �?U*�_it @** |�i ?L_it |�@| @hit�UUittLht Lu j� @?_ @hi i*i4i?|t Lu K�j� Wu �i UL?t�_ih |�i @�ih@}i @UhLtt @** ?L_it2b @||c j 5 P| _ KEj�cK�j�c uLh | � � c Lu |�i |h@?tuiht EB�Ej�c

Sj�Mjn B2Ej

�c j��c |�i �?i^�@*�|) �?E��� �t t|�** �@*�_ tL �i }i|

[jMP|KKEj�cK�j�

Sj�MjnKK�j B2Ej

�c j�

n R�Ej� n

n R�Ej� nSjMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

� �[

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�

B�Ej�

n R�Ej� n

n R�Ej� nSjMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

n

n4�[

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�

B�Ej�

n R�Ej� n

n R�Ej� nSjMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

�2

,

SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�

Sj�MjnKK�j B2Ej

�c j�SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

5<E| Dvvxpswlrq 4+l, wkh qxpehuv ri vxfk qrghv lv dozd|v �qlwh1

��

� �

SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�B�Ej�S

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� nn 4

� SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�B�Ej�S

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

�2

AL t�4T*�u) ?L|@|�L?c *i| �t �h�|i B2E|n�cKEj�cK�j�� uLhS

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�

Sj�MjnKKj B2Ej

�c j�c��i� |L _i?L|i |�i |L|@* |h@?tuih |L |�i L*_ @| |�4i |n� L? |�i t�M|hii KEj�cK�j�� �L|�Ui |�@|B2E�cKEj�cK�j�� ' B2Ej� c j�3�� : f t�?Ui j� 5 K�j� W? @__�|�L?c ?L|�Ui |�@|c M) ui@t�M�*�|)�B�Ej� ' B2Ejc j3��c tL |�@| |�i @ML�i �?i^�@*�|) U@? Mi hi�h�||i? @t uL**L�tG

, B2E|n �cKEj�cK�j�� � B2E|cKEj�cK�j�� n 4

�B2E|cKEj�cK�j��

�2S

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

,�

B2E|n �cKEj�cK�j���

B2E|cKEj�cK�j���

��S

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

4

� n 4 B2E|cKEj�cK�j��SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�

8RWEj�8

E�2�

uLh @** | � � c t�?Uic M) |�i ThLTih|�it Lu K�jc B2E|cKEj�cK�j�� : f uLh @** | � � ��) UL?_�|�L? E�� Lu |�i A�iLhi4c |�i Tih U@T�|@ i?_L�4i?| Lu i�ih) UL44L_�|) �t

ML�?_i_ @| i@U� ?L_i� Oi?Uic uLh @** | � �c f B2E|cKEj�cK�j�� � 2guS

jMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n�5�?Ui |�i �?i^�@*�|) �L*_t uLh i�ih) Tih�L_c uLh @** | � � �i �@�i

4

� n 2gu4�

4

� n 4 B2E|cKEj�cK�j��SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�

8RWEj�8

E���

5�Mt|�|�|�?} |�i? E��� �?|L E�2� @?_ t�44�?} |�i �?i^�@*�|�it �i LM|@�? uhL4 | ' �|L | ' A )�i*_t

,�

B2EA n �cKEj�cK�j��n

A[|'�

�SjMP|KKEj�cK�j�n R�Ej� n

4

� n 2gu4�

��

B2E�cKEj�cK�j��'

B2Ej� c j�3��E�e�

A�i |ih4t B2Ej� c j�3�� @?_ B2EAn�cKEj�cK�j�� @hic M) UL?t|h�U|�L?c t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i( �i?Ui|�i tih�it L? |�i *iu|��@?_ t�_i Lu E�e�c Mi�?} TLt�|��i @?_ 4L?L|L?�U@**) �?Uhi@t�?}c 4�t|UL?�ih}i�

5�?Ui j� �@t U�Lti? @hM�|h@h�*)c |�i t@4i �t |h�i uLh @?) L|�ih TLtt�M*i U�L�Ui Lu j� ��L?ti^�i?|*)c |�i @ML�i @h}�4i?| t�L�t |�@| |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu @? �4ThL��?} @**LU@|�L?�4T*�it |�@| |�ihi i �t|t @ t�M�|hii K�j t�U� |�@| uLh @** ?L_it j� 5 K�jc

�Ej�cK�j� G'"[|'�

�SjMP|KKEj�cK�j� n R�Ej� n

4

5L �u uLh i�ih) t�M�|hii Kjc |�ihi �t @ ?L_i 7j 5 Kj uLh ���U� |�i tih�it �E7jcKj� _��ih}itc|�i @**LU@|�L? 4�t| Mi ����

�e

�+��6 �6 ��+�ww�+v �6Lh @?) t�M�|hii Kjc @?_ | � |Ej�cS

jMP|n R�Ej� n�

SjMP|KKj n R�Ej� n

, w�4A<"

[|'|Ej�

A�S

jMP|KKj n R�Ej� n�

� w�4A<"

[|'�

A�S

jMP|n R�Ej� n

�[

|'�|Ej�� �

�SjMP|

n R�Ej� n� E�D�

5�?Ui uLh @?) t�M�|hii Kjc |Ej� �t �?�|ic |�i *@t| |ih4 �? E�D� �t @*�@)t @ �?�|i ?�4Mih��L?ti^�i?|*)c |�i _��ih}i?Ui Lu |�i �ht| |ih4 L? |�i h�}�| �@?_ t�_i Lu E�D� �4T*�it |�i_��ih}i?Ui Lu |�i *iu| �@?_ t�_i� A��t �? |�h? �4T*�it |�i _��ih}i?Ui Lu �E7jcKj� uLh tL4i7j 5 Kj Et�?Ui

SjMP|KKj n R�Ej� n�

SjMP|KKE7jcKj� n R�Ej� n�( �i U@? |�i? @TT*) A�iLhi4

� |L }i| |�i hit�*|�

�+��6 �6 �w�W� W� +,��+k ��L_�u)�?} �i*i_<t ?L|@|�L? t*�}�|*)c *i| E-Ej�(j��j�Mjn Mi |�i �iU|Lh Lu h@?_L4 Ehi@*�

h@|it Lu hi|�h? L? 4L?i)c @| ?L_i jc @?_ E^Ej�(j��j�Mjn |�i �iU|Lh Lu |�i t�TTLh|�?}L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| U*@�4 Th�Uitc |�i �iU|Lh Mi�?} �?�^�i*) _i|ih4�?i_ M) |�i 4@h�}�?@* h@|it Lu t�Mt|�|�|�L? Lu |�i L?*) @}i?| �? }i?ih@|�L? j� �| @ 4L?i|@h) i^��*�M�h��4c |�i Thiti?| �@*�ic i�@*�@|i_ @| jc Lu |�i hi|�h? L? 4L?i) @| ?L_i j� 5 jn �tbEj�(j� G' -Ej�(j�^Ej�(j� : f( �i?Uic |�i Thiti?| �@*�i Lu |�i L?i�Tih�L_ hi|�h? L?4L?i) �t

Sj�Mjn -Ej

�(j�^Ej�(j� 'S

j�Mjn bEj�(j� ' ��

�i*i_ d2�o �@t t�L�? |�@| @ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ���c �? @__�|�L? |L |�i hi^��hi4i?||�@| @** |�i ?�4Miht -Ej�(j� *�i �? @ UL4T@U| t�Mti| Lu |�i ti| Lu TLt�|��i hi@* ?�4Mihtc�t |�@| |�ihi i �t|t " : f t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih) T@|� j" @?_ i�ih) |c �|

�'f-Ej"�n�(j

"� � '

�|�'fbEj

"�n� (j

"� �

�|�'f^Ej

"�n�(j

"� �

� "�

�t �i ?L|�Ui_c |�ihi �t @ L?i�|L�L?i hi*@|�L?t��T E@*hi@_) i T*L�|i_ �? 5iU|�L? e�Mi|�ii? |�i t)t|i4 Lu L?i�Tih�L_ UL?|�?}i?| Th�Uit i^rr�j @| @** ?L_it @?_ |�i t)t�|i4 Lu �hhL��#iMhi� Th�Uit iREj�j( �? T@h|�U�*@hc �i �@�i �ihi �|

�'f^Ej"�n�(j

"� � '

REj"|n��c tL |�@| |�i @ML�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? U@? @*tL Mi �h�||i? �|�'fbEj

"�n�c j

"� � �

"RWEj"|n��� 5�44�?} ML|� |ih4t @UhLtt |�i _�gihi?| �ht| |n� i*i4i?|t Lu @** T@|�tc �i }i|Sj"|n�MP|n�

�|�'fbEj

"�n�(j

"� � � "E

Sj"|n�MP|n�

RWEj"|n���� A�i |ih4 L? |�i *iu| �@?_ t�_i U@?

@*tL Mi �h�||i? @tS

j"| MP|�|3��'fbEj

"�n�(j

"� �dS

j�Mj"n|

bEj�(j"| �o( t�?UiS

j�Mjn bEj�(j� ' �uLh i�ih) jc �|ih@|�?} |�i @h}�4i?| �i }i|S

j"|n�MP|n��|�'fbEj

"�n�(j

"� � '

Sj"| MP|

�|3��'fbEj

"�n�(j

"� � ' � � � ' ��

A��t t�L�t |�@| |�i t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh ��� }��i? M) �i*i_ �?_ii_ �4T*�it � �"S

jMP|RWEj�c Lh i^���@*i?|*) �S

jMP|RWEj�

� " : f�

�D

�+��6 �6 w,��� 2AL i@ti |�i M�h_i? Lu ?L|@|�L?c |�hL�}�L�| |�i ThLLu �i �h�|i R @?_ ' �?t|i@_ Lu RW

@?_ 'W�i �ht| ThL�i U*@�4 E���� �L?t�_ih |�i t�4 Lu Th�Uit L�ih @** ?L_it @| @ }��i? _@|i | t�U�

|�@| |�i t|@|i @| | �t tL4i ThitTiU��i_ �r 5 VcS

Ejfcr�cuuuc�r�MP|REjfc r�c � � � c �r�c @?_ _i?L|i

|��t |ih4 M) RE�rc |�� +iU@**�?} |�@| REjfc r�c � � � c r|3�c �r� ' REjfc r�c � � � c r|3��^r|3��rc �i }i|RE�rc |� '

SrM4 RErc |���^r�r� ��| |�i? ERE�c |�c � � � c RE7c |��� ' ERE�c |���c � � � c RE7c |�����'c

tL |�@|c �|ih@|�?} |�i @h}�4i?|cERE�c |�c � � � c RE7c |��� ' ERE�c��c � � � c RE7c��� �'|3� ' ^jf'

|3�c��ihi ^jf �t @ hL� Lu |�i 4@|h� ' ULhhitTL?_�?} |L |�i t|@|i @| |�i �?�|�@* _@|i��f ��||�i?cS

jMP|REj� '

SrM4 RErc |� ' ERE�c |�c � � � c RE7c |�� � �7f� ' ^jf'

|3��7f���ihi �7f� �t @? 7�_�4i?t�L?@* �iU|Lh ��Lti i*i4i?|t @hi @** i^�@* |L ��

5�?Ui ' �t @ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i 4@|h� c M) �ihhL?<t A�iLhi4 Etiic i�}� OLh? @?_ aL�?tL?

d�Dc A�iLhi4 H�2�Ho� dbE'�3�'o|$ u @t |$4c ��ihi u �t @*tL @ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i 4@|h� �

5Lc uLh @?) " : fc |�ihi i �t|t |E"� t�U� |�@|c uLh @** | : |E"�c " :n dbE'�3�'o|� u n uLh

@?) ?Lh4� Oi?Uic |�i t@4i �t |h�i ��i? �i UL?t�_ih |�i _�gihi?Ui Lu |�i |�L 4@|h�UitUL4TL?i?|��tic tL |�@|

u�� � " dbE'�3�'o|

�� u�� n " uLh @** E�c �� 5 7 � 7 @?_ | : |E"�

/ u� "�7f7 dbE'�3�'o| un "�7f7 uLh @** | : |E"�

��ihi �7f7 �t @ 4@|h� ��|� @** i*i4i?|t i^�@* |L �� �hi� @?_ TLt|�4�*|�T*)�?} hitTiU|��i*)M) ^jf @?_ �7f� )�i*_t

^jfEu � "�7f7��7f� d^jfbE'�3|'|�7f�o ^jfEun "�7f7��7f� uLh @** | : |E"�c

/ �^jf Eu3"�7f7��7f�

�bE'�|

: �SjMP|

REj�: �

^jfEun"�7f7��7f�

�bE'�|

uLh @** | : |E"�

tL |�@| Et�?Ui ^jf �t t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i�bE'� � � ,

S"|'�

�SjMP|

REj�_��ih}it @?_

bE'� : � ,S"

|'��S

jMP|REj�

UL?�ih}it�

A�i �@*�_�|) Lu U*@�4 E�� �t it|@M*�t�i_ ?i |��) �ihhL?<t A�iLhi4c t�?Ui ' �t t|h�U|*) TLt�|��ic |�ihi i �t|t @ �iU|Lh % 5 -7

nncn % n' � t�U� |�@| '% ' bE'�% Etiic i�}� OLh? @?_ aL�?tL? d�Dc A�iLhi4 H�2�2o�� #i�?i|�i �i�}�| u�?U|�L? @t uL**L�tG

bKjf Ejf� ' � @?_ bKjf Ejfc r�c � � � c r|� '^r|3�r|%r|bE'�%r|3�

�L|i |�@| bKjf E�� ��** @*�@)t |@!i TLt�|��i �@*�it @?_S

r|M7 bKjf Ejfc r�c � � � c r|� ' � uLh @**?L_it Ejfc r�c � � � c r|3�� t�?Ui

Sr�M4 ^rr�%r� ' bE'�%r uLh @** r 5 V�

A�i @ttLU�@|i_ 4@T ebKjf E�� t@|�t�itebKjf Ej"| �

REj"| �' ��'|

�'��

^r�3�r�

^r�3�r� %r�bE'�%r�3�

'^jfr�%r� uuu^r|3�r|%r|

^jfr� uuu^r|3�r|bE'�%jf uuubE'�%r|3�'

%r|EbE'��|%jf

5L �i �@�iSA

|'�

ebKjf Ej"| �

REj"| �'SA

|'�%r|

EbE'��|u%jf� 5�?Ui n % n' �c �| uL**L�t |�@| �u bE'� : �

63Wkh dujxphqw lv yhu| vlplodu wr wkh rqh |lhoglqj wkh frqglwlrqdo suredelolw|/ iru d Pdunry surfhvvzlwk vwdwlrqdu| wudqvlwlrq suredelolwlhv/ ri wkh uhdol}dwlrq ri d jlyhq vwdwh v dw gdwh w jlyhq dq duelwudu|lqlwldo glvwulexwlrq +vhh/ h1j1 Grre ^43/ sdjhv 4:304;8`,1

�S

|�i? |�ihi i �t|t @ �i�}�| u�?U|�L?c bKrf c @?_ @ tU@*@h � 4 t�U� |�@|c uLh i�ih) T@|�j"EKjf�c

�E j"EKjf�( EKjf c bKjf �� G'"[|'�

ebKjf Ej"| �

RWE j"| �� ��

��| |�i? |�i hit�*| �? U*@�4 E�� uL**L�t i@t�*) M) �?�L!�?} |�i hit�*| �? U*@�4 E����

�+��6 �6 AO,�+,� eA�i 4@�? T@h| Lu |�i hit�*| uL**L�t @*4Lt| �44i_�@|i*) uhL4 wi44@ 2c �t�?} �LhL**@h)

� @?_ A�iLhi4 ��Wu bE'� � �c M) wi44@ 2E��� �i }i| �? u@U|

S"|'�

�SjMP|

REj�_��ih}it( �i?Ui ��� uL**L�t

M) �LhL**@h) ���? |�i L|�ih �@?_c �u bE'� : �c @TT*)�?} hit�*|t E��� @?_ E�� Lu wi44@ 2 @?_ |�i?

A�iLhi4 2 �i �?_ |�@| ��� ?iUitt@h�*) u@�*t�`�@| hi4@�?t |L Mi t�L�? �t |�@| �? |�i *@||ih U@ti E��i� �u bE'� : �� |�ihi i �t|t @?

@*|ih?@|��i t|@|�L?@h) @**LU@|�L? ���U� �t �@hi|L �4ThL��?}� � ThLLu Lu |��t �@t @*hi@_) �?��)@}@h���i*i_ d�o @?_ BL||@h_� d�eo� i ThL��_i �ihi @ T@h|*) _�gihi?| @h}�4i?| ���U�4Lhi U*Lti*) T@h@**i*t |�i L?it Lu |�i hit�*|t Lu |�i i@h*�ih tiU|�L?t�

5�?Ui ' �t t|h�U|*) TLt�|��ic M) �ihhL?<t A�iLhi4 �i !?L� |�ihi i �t|t @ �iU|Lh % 5-7

nnc n % n' � t�U� |�@| '% ' bE'�%� 5�?Ui bE'� : �c �i �@�i |�i? '% : %c ��i�Sr�M4 ^rr�%r� � %r : f uLh @** r 5 V�#i�?i 74 G' 4@ rM4 c�MM 74rc�E2gME�n7��c ��ihi 74rc�E2gME�n7�� �t �i** _i�?i_ @?_

TLt�|��i M) �tt�4T|�L? � @?_ wi44@ �( k G' 4�?rM4 iS

r�M4 ^rr�%r��%rjc q G' k744@ rM4 %2r

�L|i |�@| k : f @?_ kq ' 74q24@ rM4 %2r� �L?t�_ih�?} ?i | |�i �iU|Lh q% �i tii |�@|Sr�M4 ^rr�Eq%r��� Eq%r� � q4�?rM4 i

Sr� ^rr�%r� � %rj '

' kq ' 74q24@ rM7 %2r

,S

r�M4 ^rr�Eq%r��� Eq%r� � 74Eq%r�2 uLh @** r 5 V

,[r�M4

RWEj�^rr�Eq%r��� ERWEj�q%r� � 74ERWEj�q%r�

2

RWEj�uLh @** r 5 V E�S�

#i�?i %Er�c r( rc ��� G' %WEr�c r( rc ��� n �q%r�c %Er( rc ��� G' %WEr( rc ��� � �q%r uLh tL4i�� @?_ uLh rc r� 5 Vc ��ihi � 5 Efc �o �t t��|@M*) U�Lti?�� tL |�@| %Erc ��� 5 -�n7

nn @?_

n %Erc ��� � %WErc ��� n� 2gME� n 7� uLh @** r 5 V� 5i| %Erc �� ' %WErc �� uLh @** � 9' ���5Lc �i �@�i UL?t|h�U|i_ @ ui@t�M*i t|@|�L?@h) @**LU@|�L? uLh ���U�c hiU@**�?} @}@�? |�@|ERWEjfc r�c � � � c r|3�c r�rM4� ' ERWEjfc r�c � � � c r|3��^

Wr|3�r

�rM4� @?_ �t�?} E�S�c �i tii |�@|SrM4 R

WEjfc r�c � � � c r|3�c r�d%Erc r|3�( r|3�c ���� %WErc r|3�( r|3�c ���onRWEjfc r�c � � � c r|3��d%Er|3�( r|3�c ���� %WEr|3�( r|3�c ���o �

� 74 ERWEjfcr� cuuucr|3��d%Er|3� (r|3�c���3%WEr|3�(r|3� c���o�2

RWEjf cr�cuuucr|3��uLh @** Ejfc r�c � � � c r|3��c |

��i� |�i ML�?_i_ B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �t t@|�t�i_ uLh |�i 4i4Miht Lu }i?ih@|�L?tMLh? @| @?) | @giU|i_ M) |�i |h@?tuih� �L|�?} |�@| |�i �?�|�@* L*_ ELu |)Ti ��� hiUi��i @

64Vlqfh {�+v> �k, 5 U4.V.. / wklv lv dozd|v srvvleoh1

�.

TLt�|��i |h@?tuihc �i UL?U*�_i |�@| |�i @*|ih?@|��i t|@|�L?@h) @**LU@|�L? % �t �?_ii_ ����4ThL��?}�

�+��6 �6 AO,�+,� DA�i hit�*| uL**L�t M) @ u@�h*) �44i_�@|i hiuLh4�*@|�L? Lu |�i @h}�4i?| Lu |�i ThLLut

Lu A�iLhi4t � @?_ 2 ��ihi |�i hiuLh4�*@|�L? hi�iU|t |�i ?i� uLh4 Lu |�i B@�tt�@?U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L?t uLh |�i iUL?L4) ��|� UL4T*i|i tTL| 4@h!i|t @?_ ML?_t� A�ihi �tL?*) L?i i |h@ T�iUi Lu @h}�4i?| �? |�i ThLLu Lu t��U�i?U) ���U� �i ?ii_ |L @__�

�L|i |�@| �u |�i ?L?��@?�t��?} B@�tt�@? U�h�@|�hi UL?_�|�L? �L*_t uLh @** @}i?|t @| @}��i? ?L_ic M) |@!�?} @�ih@}it @UhLtt @}i?|t �i }i|G

[�

��

M

7>Ej�c jc ��

ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ���B2Ej

�c jc ���� �B�Ej� n 4

EB�Ej��2

n 7REj� n� E�.�

5�?Ui ML|� 7>Ej�c jc �� @?_ B2Ej�c jc �� @hi ?L??i}@|��ic uLh @** Ej�c jc ��c �i @*tL �@�iG

M�[

M

7>Ej�c jc ��

ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ���

��[�

MB2Ej

�c jc ����[�

��

M

7>Ej�c jc ��

ES

j�Mjn 7>Ej�c jc ���B2Ej

�c jc ����

Oi?Ui |�i �?i^�@*�|) �? E�.� U@? @*tL Mi hi�h�||i? @t

M7>Ej��B2Ej�c j� � �B�Ej� n 4

EB�Ej��2

n 7REj� n�

A�i @ML�i i Thitt�L? �t |�i t@4ic i UiT| uLh |�i u@U| |�@| M7>Ej�� @TTi@ht �?t|i@_ Lu�

bK�jEj��c @t UL?_�|�L? Ee� LM|@�?i_ �? |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 �� A�i hit| Lu |�i @h}�4i?|

U@? |�i? ThLUii_ @t �? |�i ThLLu Lu A�iLhi4 �c t�4T*) M) hiT*@U�?} �bK�jEj��

��|� M7>Ej���

�H

+,6,+,��,5�� 5� +� ��)@}@h� @?_ #� �i*i_c #L4�?@?| hLL| U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) @?_|�i i �t|i?Ui Lu LT|�4@* 4L?i|@h) i^��*�Mh�@ �? t|LU�@t|�U �wB 4L_i*tc a� ,UL?� A�iLh)De E�bb��c Sb�H��2� v� �@*@t!L @?_ k� 5�i**c A�i L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?t 4L_i* WG A�i U@ti Lu T�hii U�@?}i ��|�L�| 4L?i)c a� ,UL?� A�iLh) 2� E�bHf�c 2H���fS��� w� �� �i?�i?�t|ic � UL4T*i|i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu i�U�i?U) uLh @ }i?ih@* U@T�|@* @UU��4�*@|�L? 4L_i*c a� ,UL?� A�iLh) �2 E�b.S�c �2D���.�e� �� �Ltic �@hi|L LT|�4@*�|) @?_ i�U�i?| U@T�|@* @UU�4�*@|�L?c N?��iht�|) Lu +LU�it|ih#�tU�tt�L? �@Tih .e�e�D� a� w� ��h!ic W?@U|��i |h@?tuih TL*�U�it @?_ i�U�i?U) �? }i?ih@* L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?tiUL?L4�itc a� �@|�� ,UL?� �S E�bH.�c 2f��222�S� #� �@ttc �? U@T�|@* L�ih@UU�4�*@|�L? �? |�i @}}hi}@|��i ?iLU*@tt�U@* 4L_i* Lu iUL?L4�U}hL�|�G � UL4T*i|i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L?c a� ,UL?� A�iLh) e E�b.2�c 2ff�22��.� #� �@ttc +� Bhii?c @?_ 5� 5Ti@hc 5|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� �?UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|t @?_L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?tc W?|� ,UL?� +i�� �� E�bb2�c ebD�D�2�H� 5� ��@||LT@_�)@)c �T|�4@*�|) �? t|LU�@t|�U �wB iUL?L4�it ��|� @ UL?|�?��4 Lu t|@|itcN?��iht�|) Lu �*�U@?|i ��4iL� E�bbb��b� B� #iMhi�c RA�i A�iLh) Lu V@*�ic� `�*i)c �i� vLh!c �bDb��f� a� w� #LLMc R5|LU�@t|�U �hLUittitc� aL�? `�*i) @?_ 5L?tc �i� vLh!c �bD����� a� #�||@ @?_ O� �� �L*i4@hU�@!�tc �tti| 4@h!i|t @?_ i^��*�Mh��4 ThLUittitc +i��,UL?� 5|�_� D. E�bbf�c 22b�2De��2� a� #� Bi@?@!LT*Lt @?_ O� �� �L*i4@hU�@!�tc ��ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?tc �? RO@?_MLL!Lu �@|�i4@|�U@* ,UL?L4�Ut� VL* WV E`� O�*_i?Mh@?_ @?_ O� 5L??i?tU�i�?c ,_t��c TT��HbH��bSfc �Lh|� OL**@?_c �i� vLh!c �bb����� �� BL||@h_�c 5|@|�L?@h) 4L?i|@h) i^��*�Mh�@ �? L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?t 4L_i*t ��|��?UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|tc a� ,UL?� A�iLh) .� E�bbS�c .D�Hb��e� �� BL||@h_�c �L?t|h@�?i_ i�U�i?U) Lu t|@|�L?@h) 4L?i|@h) i^��*�Mh�@ �? L�ih*@TT�?}}i?ih@|�L?t 4L_i*t ��|� �?UL4T*i|i 4@h!i|tc ��4iL� E�bbS���D� +� �� OLh? @?_ �� +� aL�?tL?c R�@|h� �?@*)t�tc� �@4Mh�_}i N?��iht�|) �hittc�@4Mh�_}ic �bHD��S� +� ,� w�U@tc ah�c , TiU|@|�L?t @?_ |�i ?i�|h@*�|) Lu 4L?i)c a� ,UL?� A�iLh) e E�b.2�c�f���2e��.� +� �@?�i**�c , �t|i?Ui @?_ LT|�4@*�|) Lu U�hhi?U) i^��*�Mh��4 �? t|LU�@t|�U L�ih*@T�T�?} }i?ih@|�L?t 4L_i*tG A�i T�hi i?_L�4i?| U@tic a� ,UL?� A�iLh) D� E�bbf�c 2SH�2be��H� �� �@t��L*i**c RA�i A�iLh) Lu Bi?ih@* ,UL?L4�U ,^��*�Mh��4G � #�gihi?|�@M*i�TThL@U�c� �@4Mh�_}i N?��iht�|) �hittc �@4Mh�_}ic �bHD��b� A� a� ��i?U�c �T|�4@*�|)c |�i �?|ih@U|�L? Lu tTL| @?_ u�|�hit 4@h!i|tc @?_ |�i?L?�?i�|h@*�|) Lu 4L?i) �? |�i w�U@t 4L_i*c a� ,UL?� A�iLh) �D E�b..�c �2D��ee�2f� �� �!�?L @?_ W� ~�*U�@c �? |�i i�U�i?U) Lu @ UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 �? �?�?�|i�Lh�3L? 4L?i|@h) iUL?L4�itc +i�� ,UL?� 5|�_� e2 E�bHf�c .b.�Hf.�2�� #� �i*i_c W?uLh4@|�L?@* _��iht�|) L�ih |�4i @?_ |�i LT|�4@*�|) Lu 4L?i|@h) i^��*�Mh�@ca� ,UL?� A�iLh) 2H E�bH2�c 2DD�2.e�22� +� +@_?ihc , �t|i?Ui Lu i^��*�Mh��4 Lu T*@?tc Th�Uitc @?_ Th�Ui i TiU|@|�L?t �? @ti^�i?Ui Lu 4@h!i|tc ,UL?L4i|h�U@ ef E�b.2�c 2Hb��f��

�b

2�� 5� 5Ti@hc +@|�L?@* i TiU|@|�L?t �? |�i L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?t 4L_i*c a� ,UL?� A�iLh)�D E�bHD�c 2D��2.D�2e� W� ~�*U�@c ��@h@U|ih�3�?} i�U�i?U) �? t|LU�@t|�U L�ih*@TT�?} }i?ih@|�L?t 4L_i*tc a�,UL?� A�iLh) DD E�bb��c ���S�

ef