TABLE OF CONTENTS

Adamsville Rock Drawings .......................... . . . 4

8

. 11

Fort Ancient Culture Triangular Points.

A Fractured Base Archaic Point From The Talawanda Valley ... . .. . . .

The Markley Rockshelter.

An Outstanding Cumberland Point.

A Rare Indian Whistle . .

The Bils Site.

We're Moving I!.

The Frankfort Intrusive Mound Culture Burial ..

Archaic Hafted Shaft Scrapers.

. . . .. . . . . ... 12

. 16

. 17

. . 18

... . . . ... . . .. . ... ... 19

. . . .. . ... . .. .. 22

The Carpenter and Wischmeyer Cache-Putnam County, Ohio ...... ... .

. . 24

. .25

The Blue Valley Site: A Baum Fort Ancient Component Near Lancaster, Ohio .. . . 26

Glacial Kame Bar-Type Bird stones In the William M. Jacka Collection ... . .. .. . .. 30

Eccentric Drilled Pendants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

The Weir Rockshelter . ............ .... ... .. .

Artifacts From the Brundege Collection .

A Pendant From Scioto County.

. . .... 32

..... . . . .. .. . . . .. .. . ..... .. 36

. . 37

Award Winning Artifacts At ASO Meetings . ..... . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 37

Regional Collaborator News .. .. .. . . . 38

Book Reviews. .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. . 39

Necrology .... . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .... . ..... . ... 39

FRONT COVER

PRESIDENT'S PAGE

As your new president, I am now in­volve_d in choosing chairpersons for all standing and special committees. Each chairperson will pick his/ her own com­mittee and operate with in suggested guidelines. Durin'g my tenure, it is my hope that this structure will aid all com­mittees to meet more often, use more of the talents of our A.S.O. members, and contribute to major improvements in our Society.

Three of our four summer picnic meetings are over and were well at­tended and very successful. Only the Sunday, September 19, 1982, picnic remains as of this date. The Johnny Appleseed Chapter in Mansfield will serve as host. Join us there with your families and help us to make this final p icn ic meeting another successful chapter-sponsored function.

Keep November 21, 1982, as a "must attend" General Membership Meeting at our new facility, The Aladdin Temple Shrine. off Stelzer Road in Columbus, Ohio. Martha Otto will be writing an artic le in the Ohio Archaeologist deal­ing with our new meeting place.

In closing, may I suggest that you bring as many members of your im­mediate family as you can to our No­vember 21 , 1982, meeting, than ask a friend or two to join you or meet you there. I would like to see th is particular meeting turn out to be the largest single event ever in our Society's history.

I encourage your ideas. suggestions, and involvement in our organization. I know we have a supportive staff of A.S.O. officers, an understanding and knowledgeable Board of Directors, and with a co-operative General Member­ship, our Society will grow to its optimum.

BACK COVER

Michael Kish President

A group of slate and stone artifacts from the collection of Jim Hovan, Strongsville, Ohio. Ferruginous quartz butterfly bannerstone found near Paducah, Kentucky. Lizard effigy from Butler County, Ohio. Boats tone is hardstone and is from central Ohio. Glacial Kame type tubular pipe found in Huntington County, Indiana. Spine back gorget fro m Huron County, Ohio. Short bar amulet is from Huntington County, Indiana. Middle bar is from Van Wert County, Ohio. Longest bar is from Middlesex County, Ontario. Longest bar measures 8 \-)6"

inches long.

An outstanding three-quarter grooved axe. It is made f rom a dense yellow-green igneous stone and is in the collection of Dan Bartok, Adena, Ohio.

3

Adamsville Rock Drawings

Introduction In September, 1969, the late Glen

Longaberger of Dresden, Ohio, wrote to the Ohio Historical Society concern­ing a rock shelter he excavated near Adamsville in northeastern Muskingum County. The following is an excerpt from that letter which is still in the Muskingum County file at the Depart­ment of Archaeology, Ohio Historical Center:

This recent spring and early sum­mer Frank Stratman and I dug out a rock shelter located (near) Adams­ville, Ohio, in Salem Twp. It is a large horseshoe shaped rim rock at the head of a ravine. The west side yielded from a bed of humus and fire debris bones , flint, pottery sherds, points etc. which we exhib­ited at the Coshocton meeting of the Archaeological Society. Pic­tures 1-2-3-4 which I have enclosed show this shelter. In picture 4 just to the right of the man beside the large rock on the ceiling are what appear to be pictures in black. The most distinct show a plain figure of an elk and a group of Indian figures. Parts of many designs are indistinct but they appear to be very old and the rock marked with the X has some on the face toward the man. I have not read of any such picto­graphs being found in Ohio and hesitate to believe they are authen­tic but they are very old. About a year or so later Longaberger

took the artifacts from the shelter to the Historical Center, where they were examined by Steve Kol eszar. From Koleszar's notes we learn that about five Hopewell or Chesser-like points were recovered, as well as three or four Middle to Late Archaic points (types not recorded). one possible Adena point. and one Fort Ancient triangle. There is no information on what type of ceramics were recovered by Longa­berger, but recent testing by the au­thors produced a few small thin cord­marked sherds. Both limestone and grit tempering is represented . Shown in Fig. 1, one of the four photographs sent to the Historical Center by Longaber­ger, are some of the artifacts from the shelter. Of interest are the polished bone needle and awl fragments , not mentioned in the letter or Koleszar's notes.

Glen Longaberger Glen Longaberger was an avid his­

torian and amateur archaeologist, and

By Jeff Carskadden and James Morton

Zanesville, Ohio

he wrote a number of newspaper arti­cles and a book on the history of the Dresden area of northern Muskingum County. He surface hunted a number of sites in the Dresden area for Indian artifacts and excavated two sites: the Adamsville shelter and a small Hope­well mound at Dresden. Longaberger's collection was donated to the Johnson­Humrickhouse Museum at Coshocton. Through the courtesy of Mary Shaw, curator, and Wayne Mortine, we were able to examine several boxes of arti­facts from his collection, but were un­able to identify which ones might have been from the shelter.

The archaeological components at the Adamsville shelter, represented by the material found by Longaberger, are typical of most of the rock shelter deposits in eastern Muskingum County. Of special interest, however, are the rock drawings described and photo­graphed by Longaberger. The rest of this report describes these drawings and discusses the possibility of their authenticity.

The Shelter The Adamsville shelter, known locally

as "Horseshoe Cave", is open to the south. The central part of the shelter, where the rock drawings occur, mea­sures 80 feet long and 40 feet deep (see Fig. 2). This portion of the shelter is basically uninhabitable because of rock falls and a steep downward sloping floor . The east wing of the shelter measures 55 feet long and 15 feet deep. A "hominy hole" occurs in a large boulder on the floor of the shelter here. This portion of the shelter is actually the most inhabitable, and recent testing suggests that Longaberger or others excavated here also. The west end of the shelter has the least overhang, but, accord ing to the letter, showed evi­dence of habitation. It was not measured.

Horseshoe Cave is not mentioned in any of the Muskingum County histories, but the present owners, who moved to the farm in the 1930's, relate that Wil­liam Denison and his family, who first settled Salem Township in 1810, lived in the shelter whi le their house was being built. That the site was used by picknickers in the late 19th century is indicated by numerous names, initials, and dates carved in the sandstone walls. Of fourteen legible dates found on the walls , eleven date from 1879 to 1914. The three remaining were from 1951 , 1976, and 1980. None of these dates were in the immediate area of the

4

rock drawings. This is fortunate in that the drawings were not disturbed, but a date superimposed over the drawings would have shed some light on their possible antiquity.

The Drawings In most instances the drawings are

very high above the cave floor, some seven to nine feet in some cases, which has been a factor in their preservation. They were for the most part above the reach of modern graffiti. The floor of the shelter in this central portion has probably eroded away, but at one time the roof may well have been within reach of the Indian (?) artist. (On the other hand, Daddy Shotts may have been right about eight-to ten-foot giants living in the Zanesville area, who drew on the roofs of caves!-see "The Brush Creek Tablet", Carskadden, 1979.) Other factors adding to the preservation of the drawings, in addition to the lack of recent activity in the shelter, is the weathered condition of most of the figures. Mr. Stratman, who excavated at the site with Longaberger, noted in a conversation with us that the two men had spent many weekends of excava­tion before they even noticed the draw­ings. Those recent visitors to the shelter who may have seen the drawings .prob­ably dimissed them as a hoax, some­thing drawn by local school children, and paid no further attention to them.

The drawings, all done in black char­coal , are in three main groups: Group A, the western most, consisting of two or more "turkey tracks" (see Fig. 3). These ubiquitous forms are found carved on numerous " track rocks" throughout the Ohio Valley. The central group, Group B, consists of a seven or eight foot long mural. On the left end of this central group is a human figure and a possible animal. On the right end is a clustering of at least six human figures, one bird, and one animal or human form (see Fig. 4 and 5). The largest d is­cernable human measures fourteen inches high. In the middle of this central mural are many other figures that have almost completely weathered off and are, for the most part, now indistinguish­able. Above Group B is a drawing pos­sibly representing a shooting star or a comet's tail, or perhaps just the sun's rays. The third and eastern most group, Group C, and the highest above the shelter floor, consists of a row of figures including (from left to right) at least one animal, a human, a diamond shaped

J

figure, and an elk or deer (see Fig. 6 and 7).

Possible Antiquity We employed several methods to try

to date these drawings, including meas­uring lichen growths (lichenometry) as well as measuring surface weathering patterns on the sandstone walls in the area of the drawings. These measure­ments were compared with lichens and weathering around the modern dates carved on the walls. These methods, imprecise as they may be, are com­monly used to date rock drawings in other parts of the country (see Grant, 1967). Comparing lichen growths in the shelter proved unsuccessful; however, weathering patterns proved a little more useful. As can be seen in Fig. 4, ground water seeping through the shelter roof has weathered the face of the sand­stone in "bloom" patterns. The rate of this lateral surface weathering since the turn of the century has been about 0.75mm per year. This rate would sug­gest that the drawings, at least those in Group B, are over 120 years old, which would place them in the 1860's or earlier.

Raymond Baby commented on the drawings in a reply to Longaberger dated November, 1969 (italics Dr. Baby's):

The paintings in the Horseshoe Cave are very interesting. Stylistic­ally they appear aboriginal, but it is very possible that someone in mod­ern times copied them from a book. The human figure is reminiscent of similar figures found in caves in the Southwest .. .

It is interesting that .Mallery's classic work Picture-Writing of the American Indians was published in 1893, about the time there seemed to be lots of picnic activity in the shelter. It seems unlikely, however, that the unsophis­ticated Salem Township residents would have had access to such a volume.

The best argument of those who feel that the drawings are a hoax is the fact that there are no other such drawings in the Ohio area. While rock engravings (petroglyphs) are relatively common in the Upper Ohio Valley , reports of rock drawings or paintings (pictographs) from the area are, as far as we know, non-existent. Four aboriginal rock en­gravings are known for the Muskingum Valley. These include the Newark Track Rocks and Black Hand Gorge (Murphy, 1977), both along the Licking River, and the Zanesville Petroglyphs (Carskad­den, 1977) and Council Rock below McConnelsville (Sherwood, 1907), both along the Muskingum River proper. The nearest concentration of rock paintings,

according to Grant (1967), would be the Upper Great Lakes and Northern Woodlands area.

The Adamsville drawings do show some stylistic similarities to rock art from these northern areas . Human forms are abundant, nearly always drawn in front view ("like gingerbread men"). The humans often occur in pairs or groups. They are done in a predomi­nately naturalistic style, as opposed to stylistic or abstract. Another factor which lends some credibility to the Adamsville drawings is the fact that the animals were rendered in a much more realistic form than the humans. This reflects, according to Grant, a continu­ing dependence on hunting and hunting magic, and the need to portray the animals accurately. The Adamsville drawings may have been made by a shaman or by others under his direction prior to a hunt.

Grant and Mallery note that rock drawings often commemorate an impor­tant or unusual astronomical phenom­enon, such as a comet or shooting star. The "shooting star" above the human forms at the Adamsville shelter may represent such an event.

Most of the rock art in the Ohio Valley probably dates no earlier than the Late Prehistoric period (Swauger, 1974). Most of the activity in the central Mus­kingum Valley during this period cen­tered in the mid-13th century (e.g. Philo II and Richards sites). From the rate of weathering we doubt that the Adams­ville drawings could be that old. On the other hand, northern Muskingum County was infested with Shawnee in the latter half of the 18th century. Dresden was the site of the Shawnee town of Waka­tomika from at least as early as 1760 (and possibly as early as 1756) to 1774, when the town was destroyed by four­hundred Virginians under the leader­ship of Colonel Angus McDonald (Car­skadden and Morton, 1980). Population estimates of Wakatomika range from forty to one-hundred warriors , with double those numbers in women and children. Though there is some ques­tion as to the actual location, tradition has it that McDonald's army was am­bushed on their way to the Muskingum on what later became the Denison farm at Adamsville.

Two interesting astronomical phe­nomenon may have occurred about the time of this Shawnee occupation of northern Muskingum County: Halley's Comet was sighted in 1758, and about 1768 there may have been a conspic­uous shooting star seen in the Ohio skies. The famous Shawnee chief Te­cumseh-"The Shooting Star" -may have been named after this event, though there have been other interpre­tations of his name.

5

Summary It has been fun speculating on whether

these drawings are Indian or a very clever late 19th century hoax. We would like to believe that the drawings are authentic:.:, drawn by some Shawnee shaman from Wakatomika. However, we are reminded of 1a number of famous (infamous) 19th century hoaxes pertain­ing to local archaeology or history: the Newark Holy Stones, J.R. Everhart's Brush Creek Tablet, and Everhart's race of giants inhabiting southern Muskin­gum County, and finally Wetzel's Rock in northern Morgan County, now be­lieved to have been carved not in the 1780's by this notorious Indian fighter, but by Zanesville campers about a hundred years later.

If any part of the drawings are ab­original , the most likely candidates are the turkey tracks of Group A. The styles of human forms and the overall com­position of the "scene" represented in Group B all suggest the possibility of Indian origin. Finally, the weathered condition of many of the figures, and their position well above the present shelter floor both argue for at least a certain degree of antiquity, though perhaps only a little over two-hundred years.

References: Carskadden, Jeff

1977 Archaeology of the City of Zanes­ville. Ohio Archaeologist 27(4):14-19.

1979 The Brush Creek Tablet. Ohio Archaeologist 29(3): 11 -14.

Carskadden, Jeff and James Morton 1980 The Historic Indian in Muskingum

County and the Central Muskingum Valley. Occasional Papers in Mus­kingum Valley Archaeology, No. 11. The Muskingum Valley Arch­aeological Survey, Zanesville.

Grant, Campbell 1967 Rock Art of the American Indian.

Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York.

Mallery, Garrick 1893 Picture-Writing of the American

Indians. Tenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, Wash­ington.

Murphy, Jar,nes L. 1977 The Hanover Petroglyph Site (33-

Li-56), Licking County·, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 27(2):12-15.

Sherwood, C.C. 1907 Council Rock. Ohio Archaeological

and Historical Society Publications 17:307-308.

Swauger, James L. 197 4 Rock Art of the Upper Ohio Valley.

Akademische Druck-u Verlagsan­stalt. Graz, Austria.

I . '

Fig. 1 (Carskadden and Morton) Original 1969 Longaberger photograph of artifacts recovered from Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville.

Fig. 2 (Carskadden and Morton) Original 1969 Longaberger photograph of the central portion of Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville. The drawings are on the roof immediately above and to the right of the man.

Fig. 3 (Carskadden and Morton) R ecent photograph of "turkey tracks" f rom Group A, Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville.

6

Fig. 4 (Carskadden and Morton) Human and animal figures from the eastern end of Group B. Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville. Can you find six and possibly seven humans and a bird in this recent photograph?

Fig. 5 (Carskadden and Morton) Artist's rendition of one of the human figures, possibly a shaman, from Group B, Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville.

Fig. 6 (Carskadden and Morton) Recent photograph of human and animal figures and a diamond form in Group C, Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville.

Fig. 7 (Carskadden and Morton) Artist's rendition of the deer or elk in Group C, Horseshoe Cave, Adamsville.

7

Fort Ancient Cultur~ Triangular Points

This article is published in order to combine certain preceding articles with the author's limited experience of par­ticipating in salvage excavations at Fort Ancient culture sites in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky. The sites which are the predominant subjects discussed herein were all excavated by profes­sional archaeologists many years ago, and some of their reports and conclu­sions will be mentioned herein.

An early report on "Ohio Triangles" by H.C. Wachtel appeared in the Ohio Archaeologist, (1957-121 ). The author stated that these triangles, often called "war points," are prehistoric as well as almost historic, being associated with the Eries of fairly recent date. Mr. Wachtel also stated that Flint Ridge material was not often used in making these points. He concluded that "ser­rated triangles" are the rarest type, and that some triangles are very minute and almost equal sided, no longer than %" to W'.

A subsequent report in the Ohio Archaeologist, ( 1963-71) illustrated several Ohio Fort Ancient culture points, with a description, distribution, age and cultural affiliation of the points. The article, quoting from a bulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society, de­scribes this point as found chiefly in southern Ohio, Indiana and northern Kentucky, and as being "associated with the Feurt Focus of the Fort Ancient aspect of the Ohio Valley. A suggested date for the Fort Ancient point would be some part of the period from about 1200 A.D. to 1600 A.D." And a more. recent article in the Ohio Archaeologist, ( 197 4-1 0) dates the Feurt Phase of the Fort Ancient Tradition from about A.D. 1250-1450.

Within 20 miles of Portsmouth, Ohio, are four of the most important Fort Ancient culture sites in the Midwest. They are the Feurt Mounds and Village Site and the Schisler Village site in Scioto County; the Goldcamp site in Lawrence County; and the Hardin Vil­lage in Greenup County, Kentucky. In this author's experience, glass trade beads (red and blue) and metal trinkets have been occasionally excavated at these sites, indicating that these sites must have extended into the historic period.

By far, more has been written and photographed about the Feurt site than any of the others described herein. But these reports have mostly dealt with features such as bone, shell and pottery artifacts, rather than flint triangular

By David W. Kuhn

2642 Shawnee Road Portsmouth, Ohio 45662

points. The first reported excavations at the Feurt site were in 1896 by Prof. Warren K. Moorehead. Later in 1916 William C. Mills conducted extensive excavations there, a report of which appears in Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, ( 1916-305-449). Serrated and nonserrated triangles are pictured at pages 368 and 369 respectively. Both photographs illustrate points with the characteristics typical of Feurt triangles: thin blades, elongated needle points, slightly con­cave sides with flared bases which are either straight at the base or slightly convex. (See Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.)

Two typical Feurt triangles were photographed with other artifacts by ASO member James W. Miller (now deceased) of Portsmouth, in the Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 13, No. 1 (January, 1963), page 30. Additional Feurt points, showing typical characteristics, were published at various times in the Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 14, No. 1 (January, 1964), page 29; Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter, 1970), page 149; Vol. 21, No.2 (Spring, 1971 ), page 5 and Vol. 21, No. 3 (Sum­mer, 1971 ), page 25.

The Schisler Village Site has been identified as a Fort Ancient site in the Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 2, No. 2 (April, 1952), page 18, wherein it was reported that trade objects in the form of glass beads had been found with a burial. It was concluded that the village must have extended into the historic period. Triangular points from Schisler's are usually not as long as the Feurt variety, and have less needle-like points, with wider, slightly convex bases. (See Fig­ure 5). Serrated points are highly un­common on this site.

The Hardin Village Site was exca­vated during the 1930's by C. T. R. Bohannan under the direction of the Works Progress Administration . His data is reported in a book entitled The Hardin Village Site, by Lee H. Hanson, Jr., Studies in Anthropology, No. 4, University of Kentucky Press (1966). Typical Hardin triangles are illustrated at page 122 in the book, and they are shorter, cruder points than those from Feurt's and Schisler's (See Figure 6).

The Goldcamp Site is a multicom­ponent site which includes a Fort An­cient Culture village and burial area. Although written reports of this site are almost nonexistent, it is generally ac­cepted among local amateur archaeolo­gists to be similar to the Feurt Site in date and quality of artifacts. However, it is a smaller site and the quantity of

8

artifacts produced there is less than Feurt's. The triangular points from Gold­camp 's are long (but shorter than Feurt's), narrow, needle-like points, with straight sides and narrow, straight bases. Serrated points occur more frequently at this site. (See Figure 7).

Another Fort Ancient site about 50 miles from Portsmouth, is Fox Field in Mason County, Kentucky. The first re­ported excavation of this site was by Harlan I. Smith in 1895, which extended the limits of the Fort Ancient culture south into Kentucky. The only temporal placement ascribed to this culture at Fox Field was "prehistoric." By personal interview with William V. Wertz of Ports­mouth, who participated in salvage excavations at this site, it was learned that the triangles vary in size and shape, but most have convex bases. (See the single serrated point in Figure 5).

A Fort Ancient Culture site near St. Paul, Kentucky, in Lewis County, has produced triangular points with the distinctive features of thick cross-sec­tions, exaggerated flared bases and generally points which are not very sharp. (See Figure 8). Another unre­ported Fort Ancient site is along the Ohio River near Rome, Ohio, in Adams County. Figure 9 illustrates the variety of triangular points from this site. There are additional Fort Ancient Culture sites along the Ohio River in Adams County, but the author has no access to tri­angular points from these sites.

It is clear that the distinctive features of Fort Ancient culture triangular points from sites in Southern Ohio and North­ern Kentucky differ among the various sites, as well as differing from other triangular points from sites elsewhere in Ohio. Although triangular styles may occur in other cultures in Ohio, the Fort Ancient culture variety from Southern Ohio and Northern Kentucky is dis­tinctive in workmanship. This article has attempted to describe these distinctive qualities. The author wishes to acknow­ledge and thank ASO members William V. Wertz and Jerry H. Bower, for infor­mation and triangular points for this article.

References: Wachtel, H. C.

1957 The Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 7, No. 4, Columbus

Anonymous 1963 The Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 13,

No. 3, Columbus Cartley, Richard

1974 The Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 24, No. 1. Columbus

Mills, William C. 1916 Ohio Archaeological and Historical

Society, Vol. XXVI, Columbus

Fig. 1 (Kuhn) Typical nonserrated triangular points from the Feurt Mounds and Village Site. The longest point is 2%" long, and all are chert material except the two points at left, which are various shades of amber flint.

Fig. 3 (Kuhn) These four points were excavated by the author from a refuse pit during salvage digging at the Feurt Site, and were illustrated in the Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 21, No. 2 (spring, 1971) at page 5. All are of olive green translucent flint, the longest being 2%" .

Fig. 5 (Kuhn) All the triangles, except the serrated one at the top, are from the Schisler Village Site and are made of brown chert material. The longest is J5/s".

9

l Fig. 2 (Kuhn) Additional Feurt Site nonserrated triangles. The longest point is 2" long and is made of tan and white chert. The points in Figures 1 and 2 represent the finest examples of these type points.

Fig. 4 (Kuhn) Serrated points from the Feurt Site, the longest being 2%", and are from the collections of William V. Wertz and the author.

Fig. 6 (Kuhn) Typical points from the Hardin Village Site in Greenup County, Kentucky. The center point is l Ys" long.

Fig. 8 (Kuhn) Points from a site along the Ohio River near St. Paul, Lewis County, Kentucky.

Fig. 7 (Kuhn) Typical triangles from the Goldcamp Site. The serrated point is 1%" long and is made of olive translucent flint.

Fig. 9 (Ku hn) Assorted points from a Fort Ancient Culture site near Rome, Adams County, Ohio. The serrated point is 2Ys" and is made of translucent amber flint.

1 Fig. 10 (Kuhn) Some fine examples of drills excavated from the Feurt Village Site and the Goldcamp Site. The longest is 2Yz" and is made of translucent amber flint.

10

A Fractured Base Archaic Point From The Talawanda Valley By Phillip R. Shriver, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

The fractured base Archaic point pictured in Figures 1 and 2 (obverse and reverse sides) was found by David C. Stebbins, a Miami University senior from Creston, April 16, 1982, on the surface at the corner of a tilled garden plot at the northern edge of the old mile square of the town of Oxford . The location is about seven hundred yards south and west of a bend of the Tala­wanda River and is on an upland terrace of the valley of that river. Fashioned from Flint Ridge chalcedony of blue, gray, tan, and cream shadings, it is 3X

inches long and 112 inches wide. It is very thin and shows excellent work­manship on both faces and blade edges.

Converse ( 1973) has called attention to the uniqueness of the shaping of the base of this type of archaic point through the removal of small flakes on either face at the center of the base to produce a modest bifurcation. Flakes were apparently then struck off the base from the corners towards the center, creating the flat fractured sur­face that typifies the point and gives it its name. (See Figure 3.) Small corner

notches and a very short stem are also type characteristics.

As noted by Converse, information is lacking on this type of point in Ohio because of its extreme scarcity. Indeed, this is the first one of its kind that I personally have encountered for which documentation is complete.

References: Converse, Robert N.

1973 Ohio Flint Types. Archaeological Society of Ohio, Columbus.

Fig. 1 (Shriver) Obverse side of fractured base point from Talawanda Valley found April 16. 1982.

Fig. 2 (Shriver) Reverse side of point.

Fig. 3 (Shriver) View of base showing bifur­cation and fractured surface.

11

The Markley Rockshelter By Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio

On January 2, 1981 , I drove to Greene County with my friend Ottie Cowan of Urbana to look at a rockshel­ter which an acquaintance of his had discovered. I was somewhat skeptical since when one thinks of rockshelters the first thought is usually of southern and southeastern Ohio where such formations are plentiful in Jackson, Hocking , Logan and Vinton counties. It had never occurred to me that there could be a significant rockshelter in any of the glaciated portions of Ohio. As most people know, the glaciers oblit­erated nearly all the topographical fea­tures in their paths as they crossed Ohio and slowly but surely buried or leveled most of the formations in which rock­shelters or overhangs might be found . One exception to glacial leveling is in Logan County where even these mas­sive ice sheets could not grind off the protruding rocks and left a rather bro­ken and uneven landscape. But such is not the case in Greene County where the land surface is mostly flat and featureless. I should have remembered my younger days when a week of each summer was spent at 4-H camp near John Bryan State Park, close to the little Greene County hamlet of Clifton . Here the Little Miami has eroded a gorge through the underlying limestone from Clifton to Yellow Springs-and it is in just such a gorge, with sheer rock walls sometimes nearly forty feet high, that overhangs and rockshelters might be found. However, John Bryan State Park, which encompasses the gorge, has had over the years thousands upon thousands of visitors who have ex­plored every nook and cranny of its length, and if there were any shelters they would have been discovered and probably destroyed. The idea that there might be similar water eroded canyons or gorges in the vicinity of John Bryan Park made by streams feeding into the Little Miami , and virtually unexplored, had quite frankly never entered my mind . To say that I was surprised by what I saw that day is an understate­ment-and I might add a source of satisfaction to Ottie Cowan who had been trying to get me there for some time.

The Markley home sits comfortably back from a narrow county road and has the usual accompanying set of buildings and sheds found on a century and a half old farm . Mr. and Mrs. Mark­ley graciously invited us into their home to share their fire and show us a small collection of artifacts gathered from their farm over the years. Mr. Markley then offered to guide us to the rock-

shelter which is located in the valley of Clark's Run, a stream bisecting the Markley farm and which eventually empties into the Little Miami a few miles away. As we descended a frozen and icy wagon road, winding from behind the house to the valley floor, it was as if we had entered another world. Even though the day was windy and bitter cold, in the valley the wind died and the warming rays of the winter sun dis­pelled much of the chill. As we crossed the run, a group of wild ducks feeding in the never-freezing stream, flew franti­cally away. Nearer the shelter, a blue heron rose and flapped slowly to the north. A more picturesque and serene location could not be imagined, especi­ally since it suddenly appeared in the middle of what might be thought of as one of the less geographically imposing areas of Ohio.

For most of its length through the Markley farm, the valley is bordered by perpendicular rocky cliffs and walls , in some places dessicated and broken by erosion, but for the most part, precipi­tous and rugged. Meandering from side to side of the valley floor, Clark's Run is a fast-flowing and tiny stream of unusu­ally clear water. This combination of a peaceful and lush valley and ample water, undoubtedly presented an attrac­tion for game in prehistoric times. But the sheer rock walls bordering most of the valley's length also provided a cul­de-sac from which deer and other hunted game could not easily escape. This then is the setting, probably un­changed for centuries, in which the shelter is located.

The Markley shelter is not as impres­sive in size as some of its southeastern Ohio counterparts since its shallow depth of no more than four or five feet would, at first impression, provide little in the way of protection from the ele­ments (Figs. 1-2). However, after stand­ing in its center out of the wind and in the direct rays of the low winter sun, it is easy to imagine the shelter's strategic location and appeal to prehistoric man. The advantages of protection from the rain and snow, a nearby unfrozen stream fed by adjacent springs which never freeze, and an abundance of wildlife and fish, made this an almost idyllic hunting and habitation site. The shelter, so seemingly secluded and off the beaten path for historic man, fur­nished ample evidence to prove that it was occupied by the Indians from the time of their first arrival into south­western Ohio until the late prehistoric period.

The circumstances surrounding the

12

discovery of the shelter are somewhat clouded because of the unfortunate passing of Kenneth Markley of Urbana who excavated it. His death obviated any firsthand knowledge of what prompt­ed the investigation to begin with-the shelter is not all that obvious and pre­sents few imposing characteristics of a prehistoric site. Since there were no written data, much of the information derived from his digging can only be guessed at. From personal observation of the results of his excavations it must be concluded that there would have been little noted in th~ way of strati­graphy since he apparently used a sluice system to wash out the artifacts from the rock and rubble matrix which had fallen from the walls and ceiling of the overhang . This accumulation of centuries mixed with the habitation midden and made systematic excava­tion virtually impossible for a layman . Thus, the conclusions drawn in this report are those of the author only and must be viewed in the light of second hand evidence.

At least three projectile points from the Markley shelter have considerable age and, with the exception of Paleo points, are as old as any types found in Ohio (Fig. 3). These can be interpreted as evidence of the shelter's first oc­cupation at at least 9,000 years ago. Each is a different type-a serrated heavy duty, a Kanawha bifurcated, and a tapered stem bifurcate. The first two are of Upper Mercer flint while the third is of an unidentifiable pink and yellow chert of high quality. All of these types have been dated at from around 7,000 to 8,000 B.C. Curiously, this same com­bination of types also occurs at the St. Albans site in West Virginia (Broyles-1966).

The finding of two bottleneck points is somewhat enlightening since similar points have been found in other rock­shelter contexts (Fig. 3). Each of these points is broken but the bases are complete and both are heavily ground. The larger of the two is one of the largest specimens of the type I have seen, being possibly 4 inches long if restored. Discoveries of bottleneck points in widely separated shelter loca­tions might lead to a re-examination of other rockshelter assemblages for the same types and provide a tentative chronology for them-one which has thus far been somewhat elusive al­though bottlenecks are undoubtedly Archaic in origin.

Heavy stemmed Archaic points are ubiquitous in the Miami drainages of western Ohio and eastern Indiana, and

sites on which they occur by the hun­dreds are known (Fig . 4). Their inclusion at the Markley shelter is not surprising although I don't recall their having come from other rockshelter situations in Ohio. They are probably late Archaic with a guess date of around 3,000 to 4,000 B.C.

Other Archaic artifacts include end scrapers, a knife, two pentagonal points, a diagonal corner notched point, and several fragmentary side notched and bifurcated points (Fig . 3).

A crude three-quarter grooved axe was also found (Fig. 5). It is a modified glacial cobble with much of the original surface of the stone unmodified. Such axes are commonly found on the sites which produce the heavy stemmed points previously mentioned . Another fragment of an axe made of slate and is difficult to diagnose although slate axes appear in the same contexts as their granite counterparts.

The poll of what may be an Adena adze is in the assemblage (Fig. 5). Other than the fact that it is a high quality artifact little can be deduced from it. The bit of a hoe made from a sedimen­tary stone is the only such tool in the collection and is much like hoes found in Fort Ancient situations in southern Ohio.

Hopewell is represented at the Mark­ley shelter by six classic projectile points (Fig. 8). All have the diagnostic fan shaped base with random percus-

sian flaking on the blade. Each is of the usual Flint Ridge flint, the single excep­tion being of black Upper Mercer mate­rial. In addition to the Hopewell points there are two typical Hopewell blade­lets of Flint Ridge jewel flint.

Thirteen triangular points provide evidence that the shelter was most heavily used during Fort Ancient times (Fig. 7). There seems to be little consist­ency in their configurations except to say that they seem to be rather long and narrow but none are serrated. The single birdpoint in the collection is also probably indicative of the same time period.

Three points can be interpreted as being similar to Intrusive Mound types (Fig. 1 0). They are thin and well chipped with slightly or unground bases. All are damaged. In time they presumably fall between the Hopewell and Fort Ancient occupations.

The non-stone inventory includes several antler tips, an antler flaking tool, and a number of undiagnostic bone and antler fragments (Fig. 9). From the paucity of antler and bone it might be concluded that it either deteriorated in the rather shallow shelter protection or was overlooked in the excavation.

There are a number of potsherds from both the Middle Woodland and Fort Ancient occupations (Fig. 6). The Mid­dle Woodland pottery is grit tempered and cord marked or cord impressed with little or no rim decoration. One rim

section has a series of alternately diag­onal punctates, and another rim is cord impressed and has a slightly thickened and flattened configuration. Two rim sections of a classic Fort Ancient vessel have the: well known guilloche design. From the few rim sherds, and the sepa­ration of the sherds which are alike and obviously come from the same vessel, it may be deduced that there were no more than a half dozen or so pots lost or discarded at the shelter.

Conclusion The Markley rockshelter is unique in

that it is found in an area of Ohio in which such locations are unusual. It was occupied almost from the time of man's first entry into Ohio with continuous, albeit intermittent, occupations until late prehistoric time. Not being situated in the Hopewell "hinterlands" (an over­worked and probably misapplied term) of southeastern Ohio, it nevertheless proves that Hopewell did indeed use such shelters for occasional hunting forays or as actual living quarters, prob­ably as a way of life rather than as the result of being pushed into them from outside pressures . To this author it seems obvious that the practical out­look of most prehistoric people de­manded that they exploit nearly every favorable situation at hand and their use of rockshelters was one of prag­matism rather than being caused from some outside influence.

Fig. 1 (Converse) Side view of the Markley shelter showing extent of overhang.

Fig. 2 (Converse) Smoke blackened back wall of shelter. Mr. Markley in foreground and author in background.

13

Fig. 3 (Converse) Archaic points from the Markley shelter. Top row includes the early Archaic types. Note two bottleneck points lower left.

Fig. 5 (Converse) Stoft·4!!r:_ls and hoe.

14

Fig. 4 (Converse) Heavy stemmed archaic points.

Fig. 6 (Converse) Potsherds. Middle Woodland left and upper right. Two Fort Ancient rim sherds are on right.

Fig. 7 (Converse) Triangular points and bird point.

Fig. 9 (Converse) Antler tips and antler flaker.

15

Fig. 8 (Converse) Hopewell points and bladelets.

Fig. 10 (Converse) Intrusive Mound type points. End scrapers and knife.

II

An Outstanding Cumberland Point By Howard F. Bailey, 3477.Turner Dr., Springfield , Ohio

Shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a fine Cumberland type fluted point from my collection. It is made of glossy black Zaleski flint which comes from the

Upper Mercer formations in south­eastern Ohio. Flutes on both faces extend nearly to the tip of the point and both are well developed and appear to have been done with a single rather

than multiple fluting stroke. In length the point measures 3 1 ~ 6 inches. It was found in the 1 early 1900's in Ross County, Ohio.

Fig. 1 (Bailey) Cumberland fluted point from Ross County, Ohio. Obverse side.

Fig. 2 (Bailey) Reverse side of Cumberland point. Note length and similarity of flutes.

16

The photographs in Figs. 1 and 2 show what appears to be an extremely rare prehistoric or historic Indian whis­tle which was probably found in Knox county many years ago. The whistle is in the collection of Mr. EdwardS. More­land of Mt. Vernon and was given to him by his late father, Lester L. More­land. Edward does not have any infor­mation about the source of the whistle but is certain that his father did not buy or trade it. Most likely it was found while surface hunting in the southern section of Knox county.

The whistle was fabricated from a fine-grain , brown sandstone ground to a very smooth surface. It measures 40 mm . long on the flat side and 25 mm. from the middle of the flat side to the center of the semicircular side (i.e. the

A Rare Indian Whistle By

Thomas C. Grubb Mt. Vernon, 0 .

radius). The overall thickness is 5 mm . The hole, which goes completely through the whistle, is 5 mm. in dia­meter and appears to have been drilled mostly from one side. Since both Adena and Hopewell Indians drilled gorgets etc. from one or both sides (Converse 1971 ), this cannot serve as a clue to its maker. Fig . 2 shows the opening on the flat side which is 25 mm. long and 5 mm. wide.

When the round side of the whistle is inserted into the mouth and the lips closed over the flat side without cover­ing the opening on the flat side, a very loud and shrill sound is produced as air is blown through it. A great variety of sounds can be produced by changing the air pressure or the position of the lips while the whistle is being blown.

The sound-producing aerodynamics appear to be similar to those involved when air is blown between two fingers inserted into the mouth. It would seem possible that the whistle was used as a bird or animal decoy.

The whistle was examined by Mr. Robert Champion, a well known artifact authority, who reported that he had never seen or heard of this type of artifact. If readers of the Ohio Archae­ologist have any information about lithic Indian whistles the · writer would greatly appreciate hearing of them.

Reference: Converse, Robert N.

1971 Ohio Slate Types, published by The . Archaeological Society of Ohio.

Fig. 1 (Grubb) One side of a rare Indian whistle found by Lester L. Moreland in Knox county. The other side is similar except for less evidence of the countersink effect of the drill.

Fig. 2 (Grubb) The opening at the flat end of the whistle through which air passes to produce the sound.

17

The Bils site is a natural deposit of glacial till located on the farm of George Bils in Wyandot County, Ohio. The upper portion of the deposit had been partially removed for some unknown reason in the 1930's.

We began our excavation, after spend­ing some time preparing tools and screens, on July 23, 1979. After digging most of two days, my fellow excavator, Thomas Hensel, and I had found only two pieces of flint. We returned to the site two days later and began excavat­ing four feet south of our original starting place . Just fourteen inches below the surface we began uncovering human bones. The skeleton had been partially destroyed and the skull had been crushed . Positioned near the neck was a necklace consisting of nine bear teeth (Fig. 2). Around the base or root of each tooth was a copper sheath much corroded and covered with a green patina but still mostly intact. Near the left shoulder was what we interpret to be a bone or antler knife.

Just south of this deposit we found a group of bones which appeared to be a bundle burial of at least two or more individuals . The bones were very frag­mentary and were all fused together. There were no artifacts with this feature .

After we had spent a number of days carefully uncovering these burials we called David Morse who teaches at the Mansfield Branch of Ohio State Univer­sity and he came to the site. He did further excavation and photographed the remains. We then removed the bones and deepened the pit but only a small skull fragment was found.

It is the conclusion of Mr. Morse that this is a Glacial Kame burial site and is tentatively dated at around 2,000 to 1 ,000 B.C. The bear tooth necklace and bone knife are unique in that such items have not been found at other Glacial Kame locations.

The Bils Site By Jerald Ireton, Bucyrus, Ohio

Fig. 1 (Ireton) Artifacts found with burial at the Bils site.

Fig. 2 (Ireton) Fragmentary burial accompanied by bear tooth necklace which is located in the left center of photograph.

18

Any member who has attended a recent ASO meeting at the Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge in Columbus has no doubt noticed that the room, although large, quickly becomes crowded, making it very difficult to see the displays without being jostled con­tinually. More seriously, some members have arrived after a long trip to Colum­bus to find that there are no more exhibit tables available. It is easy to understand their frustration and refusal to bring displays to the next meeting. All of these situations are the unfor­tunate side effect of an encouraging development in the life of the Archaeol­ogical Society of Ohio-the steady growth in membership and an increased participation in our meetings.

Because the organization has out­grown the present facilities, the officers and trustees have decided to move the four Columbus meetings to a new loca­tion, the Aladdin Temple Shrine Mosque, 3850 Stelzer Road, Columbus, % mile south of Morse Road. The building is in northeast Columbus, easily accessible from 1-270 via the Morse Road exit (Exit #32). We will be using the Multipurpose Room whose 11 ,000+ square feet more than double the space available at Howard Johnson's. The room is adja­cent to the parking lot and is also accessible by means of a loading ramp so members should be able to move in their display materials with ease. Tables for exhibits will be provided. Food service will also be available . Parking is free. Meetings will be held at the new facility on November 21, 1982, and on January 23, March 20, May 22, and November 20, 1983.

In order to better organize the ASO displays in such a large meeting space, the co-chairmen of the Exhibits Com­mittee, Don Casto and Frank Otto, have suggested that various areas of the room be designated for specific cate­gories of exhibits, for example, all mem­bers displaying site materials would be located in one area while those persons exhibiting type material would be in another. President Kish has appointed Don Casto to the position of Floor Manager to help direct members to the correct exhibit area.

Artifacts and collections will be judged by the Exhibits Committee in the follow­ing categories:

Best Site Display All the materials must be from one

site and accompanied by a written report. Photographs are also helpful. A descriptive map of the site must be included, although the exact location of the site is not necessary. Excavated

We're Moving!! material should be accompanied by photographs.

Best Type Display All artifacts must fall in one particular

category and must be displayed together.

Best of Show Artifacts should be neatly displayed

and represent a good example of qual­ity and quantity. A single piece cannot win.

Trophy winners in any one of these three categories may win only one trophy in that category in a two-year period .

-270

SR 161

Best Field Finds This . designation includes artifacts

personally found by the exhibitor while surface hunting. The exhibitor's ASO card must accbmpany the entry, and a label stating where the item was found (at least the county) is -recommended. Individual artifacts will be judged as Flint Types, Slate Types, Stone Tools, or Ceremonial. A new category, Best Field Collection, will consist of a group of 3 to 20 artifacts found by the exhibi­tor while surface hunting. The pieces can be a variety of types and from more than one site, but should be displayed together neatly.

We are all looking forward to a good November meeting in the new location. Come and help us make it a success!

t

Fig. 1. Location of Aladdin Temple Shrine Mosque, 3850 Stelzer Road, Columbus

~Stelzer Road Parking N

.L'--------------+---11 ,t--i J I I

L

r~ul ti purpose

Room

Restaurant ~ ) ....--------~~tl'---------1 r Loading Ramp

Fig. 2. Plan of Aladdin Temple Shrine .Mosque meeting room

19

1

·I

Six fine examples of archaic flint work from the collection of Dan Bartok, Adena, Ohio. All are of Upper Mercer flint.

20

A ctrcular shell gorget measuring five inches in diameter. Formerly in the Meuser collection, it is from Scioto County, Ohio. Surrounding it is a shell necklace from Scioto County, Ohio, formerly in the Copeland collection. From the collection of Jim Hovan, Slrongsville, Ohio.

21

The Frankfort Intrusive Mound Culture Burial By Robert N. Converse, Plain City, Ohio

Fig. 1 (Converse) Artifacts accompanying the Intrusive Mound culture burial found at Frankfort, Ohio.

22

Archaic Hafted Shaft Scrapers

Pictured here are seven shaft scrap­ers from northeastern Ohio. We have quite a heavy Archaic concentration in Trumbull and Ashtabula counties on the lower Grand River drainage system . All the scrapers are surface finds from

By William Platt

Rt. #1 West Farmington, Ohio 44491

predominately Archaic sites. The flint they are fashioned from is also common to Archaic points from these sites. These tools are not common and this assemblage represents many hours of surface hunting . The flint used in these

\ scrapers is Upper Mercer and Onon-daga. The longest scraper is 4% inches long. Note number 3 scraper. The blade curves left while all other blades curve right. Was this scraper made and used by a left handed person?

Fig. 1 (Platt) Seven hafted shaft scrapers from author's collection.

24

The Carpenter and Wischmeyer Cache Putnam County, Ohio

By Paul Nusbaum & Lloyd Harnishfeger, Pandora, Ohio

In March of 1982, Harold Carpenter of Ottawa, Ohio, found three large flint blades while surface hunting near the Blanchard River in Putnam County. Being a relatively new surface hunter, Harold began to show his unusual f inds to some area collectors. Several of these individuals explained to him that he may have found part of a cache. They also advised him to obtain permis­sion to do some excavation on the site where he found the blades.

It was April before Harold decided to attempt to locate some additional

blades. As he searched the area where he had found the original three, he soon found another blade on the surface. He then began to excavate, and on Mon­day, April 26th, his efforts were well rewarded when he uncovered a cache of nineteen blades just below plow depth.

The authors advised Harold to check with the farmer who is presently farming the site to see if he had ever found any similar artifacts. It was soon revealed that on the same site, Joe Wischmeyer, of rural route Ottawa, found seventeen

Fig. 1 (Nusbaum and Harnishfeger) The Carpenter and Wischmeyer cache of 51 blades.

Fig. 2 (Nusbaum and Harnishfeger) Closeup photograph of two cache blades. Note heavy percussion flake scars.

25

\ blades in 1975 and several others peri-odically since 1975 including two in the spring of 1982. It was also discovered that Mr. Pete Diller, a well known col­lector from northwestern Ohio, had a blade from the same area which matched the others in the cache. He had ac­quired the blade from his father, the late Mr. Archie Diller, who had pur­chased it from a migrant worker in the late sixties or early seventies.

Mr. Pete Diller purchased the first three blades found by Harold Carpenter and the cache is now owned by three individuals. Joe Wischmeyer has twen­ty-seven blades, Harold Carpenter has twenty blades, and Pete Diller has four blades. The authors managed to bring the blades from all three of these indi­viduals together for a "Cache Reunion" and photography session. The total number of blaoes to date stands at fifty­one. The blades average 5"-6" in length and 3" in width at their widest point. They show few signs of pressure flaking and are fashioned from Indiana Horn­stone.

Fig. 3 (Nusbaum and Harnishfeger) Finder of cache, Harold Carpenter, at stte of the fmd m Putnam County.

The Blue Valley Site: A Baum Fort Ancient Component near Lancaster, Ohio

By James L. Murphy, Columbus, Ohio, and Gary Graham , :

lntroduction.-While surface hunting in May, 1981, the junior author dis­covered a large, plowed-out refuse pit on a farm in Hocking Twp. , Fairfield, Co., Ohio, and collected the material described below. James L. Morton , Columbus, Ohio, recognized the signifi­cance of a previously unreported Baum site in the Hocking Valley and arranged study of the material. Morton has also provided the accompanying photo­graphs of some of the artifact material, and he and Jeff Carskadden, of the Muskingum Valley Archaeological Sur­vey, generously helped to defray the cost of radiocarbon-dating the charcoal from the site. Their help is greatly appreciated.

Extent of the Blue Valley Site, as it will be termed , is unknown , and exact dimensions of the refuse pit are unavail­able, as the pit was badly plow dis­turbed. Charcoal was abundant in the refuse pit, and a sample submitted to Teledyne Isotopes laboratory (1-12015) yielded a date of A.D. 1200±75 years. Tree ring (MASCA) conversion of this date (Ralph, Michael, and Han, 1974) yields a date of A.D. 1230.

Ceramics.-The ceramics from the refuse pit are of particular interest, as they clearly indicate a Baum Phase component. At least seven distinct ves­sels are represented :

Vessel 1 (Fig. 1, bottom row): Baum Cordmarked and Incised ware tem­pered with coarse sand (up to 2 mm in diameter) and crushed granitic rock. Cambered lip 6 mm high. Rim deco­rated by three parallel zig-zag lines.

Vessel 2 (Fig. 2, upper left): Smoothed cordmarked vessel with thickened , cambered lip 7.9 mm thick. Crushed flint temper (up to 6 mm in diameter). Neck thickness, 7.1 mm.

Vessel 3 (Fig. 2, lower left and lower right; Fig. 3): Smoothed cordmarking , thick cambered lip produced into a slightly concave rim strip and four(?) horizontal lugs ornamented with 7-9 vertical incisions (fingernail impres­sions?) . Raised rim area above lugs also incised. Rim 9.3-11.7 mm thick. Neck area thickness 4.1-8.4 mm. Base of vessel 10 rrim thick.

At least two, possibly three, vessels are represented by five lugs, two other rim sherds, and several dozen body sherds, although some of the body sherds may belong to Vessel 4.

Vessel 4 (Fig. 1, top): Flat, cord­marked lip, 6.5-7.0 mm thick. Raised, excurvate , subangular rim area with 7-

Lancaster, Ohio

8 rounded tool impressions perpendic­ular to the lip edge.

Vessel 5: Slightly angular bowl form with flat, cordmarked lip, 6.4-8.0 mm thick. Cordmarked rim and neck. Crushed rim and neck. Crushed orthoclase gran­ite temper (up to 3 mm in diameter). Excurvate neck 4.8-5.5 mm thick, with diagonal incising on outer edge of lip, incisions 12 mm apart. Eight body sherds (4.0-7.2 mm thick) and 28 rim sherds.

Vessel 6: Convex bowl with smoothed cordmarking. Flint temper . Lip slightly flattened with evenly rounded edges, 12.3 mm thick.

Vessel 7 (Fig . 2, lower center): Cord­marked, with folded-over rim producing a narrow (9-1 0 mm) rim strip, 7.2 mm thick. Convex lip. Neck 4.5 mm thick. Fine crushed granitic temper.

All seven of these vessels readily fit Baum Cordmarked and Incised ceram­ics from the Baum and Gartner com­ponents less than 40 miles (60 km) to the southwest, and we have little hesi­tancy in assigning the Blue Valley site to the Baum Phase. Compare, espe­cially, the sherds illustrated by Griffin (1943, Pl. IV, fig.10; Pl. II, fig. 17) from the Baum site.

The multicomponent Graham site near Logan (Prufer and McKenzie, 1967) has yielded identical Baum ce­ramics, as has the Baldwin site at Lan­caster (Griffin, 1943). These two sites were placed by Prufer and Shane (1970) in their Baldwin Phase, consid­ered contemporaneous with but distinct from the Baum Phase. Murphy (1975) questioned the validity of distinguishing a Baldwin Phase on the basis of the limited data available , believing the differences cited (such as mean vessel thickness, "daintiness" of cordmarking, and amount of decoration) not signifi­cant enough to justify designation of a distinct archaeological phase in this instance. It may eventually be possible to define a Hocking Valley phase of a Baum tradition, but it is doubtful that this can be done on the basis of differ­ences in ceramic attributes. Prufer and Shane ( 1970) have suggested that smaller site size, lack of associated burial mounds, and lack of a central plaza also characterize Hocking Valley sites, and Skinner (1982) suggests that Hocking Valley "early Fort Ancient " groups relied less upon agriculture than did contemporaneous Baum groups in the Scioto Valley-that, in fact, Hocking Valley sites of this period were not

26

\

inhabited year round , the inhabitants dispersing to nearby rock shelters dur­ing the winter months. While such a subsistence pattern may have been the case, as it clearly seems to have been during the Late Woodland , there is as yet insufficient evidence for it, and no particular reason to recognize a distinct Baldwin Phase even should such a subsistence pattern be proven . Workers subsequent to Murphy (1975) have either ignored the " Baldwin Phase " (Skinner and Norris, 1981; Cantley and Novick, 1980) or dismissed it (Graybill, 1982). Suffice it to say that the rim treatment found in the Blue Valley ceramic sample is completely dupli­cated at the Baum site and nearly so at the Graham (Prufer and McKenzie, 1967, Pis. 3A, 58) and Baldwin sites .

Lithic Material.-Two triangular points and two corner-notched points (Fig . 4) were recovered, all but one definitely made from Upper Mercer flint, which is readily obtainable to the north and east of the site as well as in Hocking Valley alluvium (Murphy, 1975, nd). Chippage found in the refuse pit is dominated by dark Upper Mercer flint (33 chips , 52.4%). None of it shows patinated surfaces indicating derivation from Hocking River alluvium, but this was probably a source for some of the flint. No doubt Upper Mercer flint was also obtained from nearby deposits in Hock­ing Co. Mottled Upper Mercer flint is uncommon but present in the sample, and one chip contains a prominent vein of crystalline quartz. Much of this Upper Mercer sample is indistinguishable from " Coshocton County " flint. Flint defi­nitely obtained from river alluvium and glacial outwash deposits accounts for 11 .1% ( 7 chips) of the sample. Recog­nizable Flint Ridge (Vanport) flint is represented by six chips (9.5%}, and there are four chips that may be either Flint Ridge or more probably locally derived Vanport flint (Starr and Wash­ington Twp., Hocking Co.). Twelve chips could not be identified with any degree of confidence, though three of these probably represent impure Upper Mercer.

Faunal Remains.-Animal bones from the Blue Valley refuse pit are itemized in Table I. These represent , in terms of minimum number of individuals, 2 deer, 2 turkey, and one each of elk, beaver, rabbit , groundhog, wolf, raccoon, and barred owl, as well as 5 box turtles (based on the number of nuchal bones). This is a small sample (204 items) and

tells little about seasonability or subsis­tence pattern. Spring/summer/fall oc­cupation is probable. Butchering marks were noted on one deer scapula, the distal end of a deer tibia, the proximal end of a deer metatarsal, and on a deer axis, as well as on two turkey meta­carpels. The large number of box turtles represented is unusual, but none show any evidence of preparation for use as utensils or ornaments, probably having been collected only for food.

Bone tools from the refuse pit are limited to two antler tine flakers and a bone knapper (Fig. 4).

Conclusions .- The Blue Valley site is the second Baum Phase site in the Hocking Valley to be radiocarbon-dated. Its A.D. 1230 date agrees with the A.D. 1220 date (MASCA) available from the Graham site as well as the A.D. 1260 date (MASCA) for the Howard Baum site, a classic Baum component adja­cent to the original Baum site in Ross Co. (Skinner, et al., 1981 ). These would normally be considered rather late dates for the Baum Phase (vide Prufer & Shane, 1970), yet none of the ceram­ics contain shell temper. The earliest available radiocarbon date for shell­tempered ware in the Hocking drainage remains the A. D. 1320 date from the McCune site at Athens (Murphy, 1975), though shell temper doubtless occurred much earlier.

References Cantley, Charles E. and Andrea Lee Nov ick

1980 Archeological research in the Hocking River Valley, Ohio: a research design for H ocking County. Report submitted to The Ohio Historical Society through the Ohio University Regional Pres­ervation Office.

Graybill, Jeffrey Robert 1981 The eastern periphery of Fort

Ancient (A.D. 1050-1650): a dia­chronic approach to settlement variability. Unpubl. Ph. D. Disser­tation, University of Washington.

Griffin, James B. 1943 The Fort Ancient Aspect: its cul­

tural and chronological position in Miss issippi Valley archaeology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Murphy, James 1975 An archeologica l history of the

Hocking Valley. Athens, Ohio: Uni­versity Press.

Prufer, Olaf H. and Doug las H. McKenzie 1967 Studies in Ohio archaeology. Cleve­

land: The Press of Western Reserve University.

Prufer, Olaf H. and Orrin C. Shane Ill 1970 Blain Village and the Fort Ancient

Tradition in Ohio. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press.

Ralph, E.K., H.N. Michael, and M.C. Ham 197 4 Rad iocarbon dates and reality .

Archaeology of Eastern N orth America, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring , 1974), pp 1-20.

Table I Faunal Remains: Blue Valley site

Deer, Odocoileus virginianus antler (attached) 1 antler fragments 3 axis 1 calcaneum 1L mandible fragment 1 metacarpal, proximal 1L metatarsal /carpal fragments 7 naviculocuboid 1L

fragment 1 phalange, 2nd 2 radius, proximal 2R rib fragments 2 scapula 2R

fragment 1 skull fragments 3 tibia, proximal 1R

distal 1L fragment 1

ulna 1L vertabra fragments 7 miscellaneous deer fragments 12

52

Elk, Cervus canadensis humerus, proximal 1R molar 1 rib fragment 1 scapula 1L vertebra, cervical 1 miscellaneous fragment 1 --

6

Raccoon , Procyon lotor mandible 1L maxilla fragment 1R ulna 1R

3

Rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus humerus 1R mandible 1R tibia 1R

3

Groundhog, Marmota monax femur 1L mandible 1R

2

Skinner, Shaune M. and Rae Norris 1981 Archaeological assessment of six

sites in the central Hocking River Valley for the proposed relocation of Route 33 through Athens and Hocking Counties, Ohio (H OC! ATH-33-14.87 I 16.82 I 00.00 I 02.00 I 03.80). Submitted to The Ohio Department of Transporta­tion, Bureau of External Contracts.

Skinner, Shaune M., et a/. 1981 Results of a data recovery program

for portions of the Howard Baum

27

Dog, Canis familiaris metatarsal

Beaver, Castor canadensis pelvis \

Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo humerus 1R mandible, fragments 3 metacarpal 1 L 1R radius 1L sternum 1 tarsometatarsus 1L tibiotarsus spur 1

fragment 1 ulna 1 L

12

Barred owl, Strix varia coracoid 1R

Box turtle, Terrapene carolina

carapace fragments 65 nuchals 5 pelvis 2 plastron fragments 38 scapula 1

111

Unidentified mammal bone 102 Unidentified bird bone 22

Site (33-R0-270), Ross County, Ohio. Report submitted to Barrett, Cargo & Withers, Inc., Chillicothe, Ohio.

Skinner, Shaune M. 1982 Sett le me nt patterns w ithin the

Hocking drainage: an examination of Late Archaic through Early Fort Anc ient site distribution. Paper presented at the 1982 Ohio Aca­demy of Science Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio.

Fig. 1 Baum Cordmarked and incised sherds. Blue Valley Site.

Fig. 2. Baum Cordmarked sherds with thickened rim strips. Blue Valley Site.

28

__ ,

Fig. 3. Baum Cordmarked and Incised horizontal lugs. Blue Valley Site.

Fig. 4. Abrading stone, antler and bone flakers, triangular and corner-notched flint points. Blue Valley Site.

29

Glacial Kame Bar-Type Birdstones in the William M. Jacka Collection

Though the largest and most signifi­cant systematic collections for research and display are most commonly found in the museums of major urban centers, on occasion one can find interesting and unusual material in the museums of our smaller towns and villages. An example is the Heritage Hall Museum at Lakeside on the Marblehead Penin­sula in Ottawa County. There, in a new wing which he helped provide, is the collection of the late William M. Jacka, for many years a member of the Archae­ological Society of Ohio. Born and raised in Lakeside and later a resident of Bedford, Jacka assembled a collec­tion of prehistoric and historic Indian materials, most of it from the United States, an important part of it from northern and western Ohio. Under the able direction of Curator Neil Allen, this material is displayed throughout the summer months in a variety of appeal­ing and informative exhibits.

Of particular note in the Jacka Collec­tion are three Glacial Kame bar-type birdstones. The largest and most nearly perfect is the one pictured in Figure 1.

By Phillip R. Shriver Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

Fashioned from lightly banded green slate, it is 5Ys inches long, 2o/, 6 inches high at the head, and 1% inches high at the tail. The one shown in Figure 2 is 4 inches long and 1% inches high at head and tail, with major portions broken away on the reverse of the side pre­sented here. It was made of banded slate and is green, tan, and gray in color. Figure 3 shows the only one for which provenience has been given, and that simply "Wachtel Collection, Ohio." It is also the most badly damaged, with the entire head as well as the tip of the tail broken off. Both breaks appear to have been reworked, suggesting the prob­ability of long use. Measurements of the reworked birdstone are 311, 6 inches in length, 1 X inches in height at the tail, and 1 Ys inches in height at what is left of the neck and head. It is made of dark grayish green banded slate.

The flat bottom of the f irst is 31A6

inches long; of the second, 2)4 inches; and of the third, 27A6 inches. Each was drilled at opposite ends of the base and side, leaving characteristic L-shaped conical perforations.

Fig. 3 (Shriver) Damaged and salvaged bird­stone formerly in the Wachtel collection. Length 3¥;6 inches.

Fig. 1 (Shriver) Largest of the Glacial Kame birds tones in the William Jacka collection. Length 5Ys inches.

Fig. 2 (Shriver) Heavily banded slate birdstone. Eyes appear to be depicted by dark spots in the slate. Length 4 inches.

30

Eccentric Drilled Pendants By William Platt, Rt. #1 West Farmington, Ohio

Calling these two drilled tablets pend­ants may be a misnomer but they were most certainly meant to be suspended in some manner. I have been unable to find any mention or pictures of these odd corner drilled pieces in any of my reference material except in Moore­head's Stone Ornaments of the Ameri­can Indian. On page 50 he shows two such objects which are a little more oval in outline but are drilled in the same manner. I would appreciate any information or comment from our read­ers on these unusual objects.

Fig. 1 (Platt) Pendant on the left is a fine grained gray sandstone. It is almost the thickness of a celt but it has no cutting edge. It is 4 inches long, 2 inches wide, and Y2 inch thick. It was found in Mesopotamia Twp. , Trumbull County, Ohio: Pendant on the right is of blue banded slate and comes from Medina County, Ohio. It is 4 inches long, 1 Y2 inches wide, and 14 inch thick.

31

II I

The Weir Rockshelter A Report of a Test Excavation In Washington County, Ohio

Introduction This report presents information ob­

tained from a test excavation of a rock­shelter located in Washington County, Ohio.

The delay of twenty-seven years in making this report is largely due to a fear that the site would be vandalized if its location were known. Now as a greater appreciat ion of these cultural resources by the general public has grown and as this was a test excavation of a very small area, it is felt that the report should be made at last.

In April 1955 this writer, while on a photographic field trip in southeastern Washington County, was shown a large rockshelter by a Mr. John Vincent who lived in the area (Figure 1 ). The ceiling and walls of the shelter were smoke­blackened and in the opening rested a large sandstone boulder with a mortar and a single petroglyph located on its top surface (Figure 2). The mortar measured 4 in. (1 0.2 em) in diameter by 9 in. (22.8 em) deep, with a hole 1 Y2 in. (3.8 em) in diameter extending through from the bottom of the mortar to the bottom of the boulder.

The reason for a test excavation was that as amateur archaeologists we did not feel qualified to do a complete excavation of the shelter, yet we wanted to determine if the visible signs, (mortar, petroglyph, and smoke-blackened walls and ceiling) did indicate a substantial prehistoric occupation as was our think­ing. If so, we would then be able to enlist the help of the professional ar­chaeologists to do a complete excava­tion. Our efforts in this direction were never realized.

Permission was obtained from the landowner, Mrs. John Weir, to investi­gate the shelter for evidence of prehis­toric occupation.

Location and Description The shelter is located in Fairfield

Township, Washington County, Ohio, and is found on the USGS Chesterhill Quadrant in the Northwest X of Section 17, T6N, R11W, at an elevation of 660 ft., and was given the number 33Wh-C1 by the Marietta Archaeological Society, Marietta, Ohio. The site was named the Weir rockshelter after the owner of the land (Figure 3).

The shelter is a natural sandstone formation opening to the southeast and situated at the head of a ravine con­taining a spring. The waters of this

By Reed J. Hallock Post Office Box 3977

West Sedona, Arizona 86340

spring flow into Burnett Run, which enters the West Branch of the Little Hocking River 0.6 km southeast of the shelter.

The floor of the shelter is roughly sem-circular in shape and drops off on the southeast to the ravine, where the spring is located 35ft. (1 0.7 m) away. The opening is 53 ft. (16m) across with a depth of 35ft. (1 0.7 m) at the deepest point and reaches a maximum height of 18 ft. (5.5 m); the shelter then dimin­ishes gradually toward the sides and back where the walls vary in height from 3to5ft.(1 to1.5m).

A loose accumulation of sandy soil covers the floor to a depth of 1 to 2 in. (2.5 to 5 em), with numerous detached pieces of sandstone comglomerate that had fallen from the ceiling lying on or embedded in this accumulated debris.

There was no evidence of prior pot­ting nor did the floor of the shelter seem to have been disturbed in any way.

The environment for the Hocking Valley has been reported by others (Murphy 1975:21-43), suffice to say that maple, walnut, beechnut, oak and sas­safras trees were to be found in the immediate area at the time of the excavation.

Excavation A base line was established from wall

to wall across the opening that crossed over the top of the boulder that con­tained the mortar. This line cut across the boulder 3.65 ft. (1 m) northwest of the mortar and measured 52.1 0 ft. ( 16 m).

The area to the right of the boulder as one faces the rear of the shelter was divided into excavation units 5 ft. by 5 ft. (1.5 m by 1.5 m) which were num­bered OR1, OR2, etc. along the base line and 5, 1 0, 15, etc. at right angles to the base line until Square 20R7 was reached (Figure 4). The front right-hand stake of the excavation unit, as one faces the rear of the shelter, denoted the unit of excavation.

Units 5R1 and 5R3 were selected at random for first excavation. After re­moving the loose, sandy soil, it was found that the top two inches of the floor was compacted into a hardpan that had to be cut with an ax and lifted in pieces. These were then broken into smaller lumps and examined for arti­facts . None were found to occur in this sterile top zone; however where this hardpan rested on the midden below,

32

charcoal flecks were found. It appears that this hardpan may have developed after the last occupation of the shelter.

Immediately below the hardpan lay the midden, with a varied depth of from 6 to 18 in. (15.3 to 45.7 em) above the bedrock and below the hardpan.

Four units, 5R1 , 5R2, 5R3 and 1 OR?, were excavated. This represents 16% of the gridded area and approximately 1 0% of the total floor area, and was the only area investigated by this writer.

The method of excavation, after cut­ting through the hardpan, was in 2 in. (5 em) levels, using trowel and brush , sifting the soil through a X in . screen. All vertical measurements were taken just below the hardpan where it was felt that the original floor surface was located.

No natural stratigraphy was found in Squares 5R 1, 5R2 or 5R3. Square 1 OR? was then divided into nine 20 in. (50 em) squares that were excavated in 2 in. (5 em) levels in a step method, in an effort to discover any natural strati­graphy (Figure 5). None was found . Murphy (1975:309 states, whatever stratigraphy does exist in such shelters is exceedingly complex and difficult to recognize.

The cultural fill in Square 5R1 was found to be 18 in. (45.7 em) in depth below the hardpan over the entire area of the square, while the cultural fill in the balance of the squares excavated varied in depth from 6 to 18 in . ( 15.3 to 45.7 em) below the hardpan to an un­even bedrock.

A feature, consisting of a hole 6 in. (15.3 em) in diameter and 9 in. (23 em) deep was located in Square 5R2 in bedrock, 6 in. (15.3 em) below hardpan (Figure 6). This may have been another mortar or a possible post hole for some type of internal structure within the shelter.

Artifacts Ceramics: The ceramic sample from

the shelter is small and was concen­trated in Square 5R3. A total of 23 sherds, representing possibly a mini­mum of three vessels, were recovered (Table 1, Sec. A).

There were 20 unreconstructable plain ware sherds and three cord­marked sherds. All were shell tempered with a mean thickness of 7 mm (range 6 to 9 mm), and were light reddish brown (2.5 YR 6/4) to dark gray (7.5 YR 4/0) in color, using the Munsell Color Chart.

Two rim sherds were cordmarked with straight, undecorated rims (Figure 7, A&B), while the third rim sherd was of a plain ware with a notched lip (.Fig­ure 7, C). All pottery was found to be distributed between 6 and 10 in . (15 .3 and 25.4 em) below the hardpan in Square 5R3 where an additional 8 in. (20.4 em) of cultural fill was to be found below this pottery zone where the two stemmed projectile points were located.

This sample of sherds would appear to fall under the classification of the Monongahela series (Mayer-Oakes 1955:196). Such pottery has been found as far south as Marietta, Ohio .

Prufer (1981 :21) feels that on strati­graphic grounds such shell-tempered sherds belong in the original Late Woodland assemblage, A.D. 500-1000.

Chipped Stone: Five projectile points were recovered (Figure 8). There were two stemmed points manufactured from local chert and three triangular points, two manufactured from flint and one from chert (Table 1, Sec. B).

In appearance the two stemmed points fall into the Early Adena-Cresap type classification (Converse 1973:55) except for the length, 5.5 em compared to the original point average of 8.45 em (Dragoo 1963:1 09), who feels that such points may have been derived from a Late Archaic type.

The three triangular points were lo­cated at the same general depth as the pottery and consist of two convex-based and one straight-based point.

Worked Bone: Theworked bone con­sists of three pieces plus a drilled tooth, all located at the same depth as the ceramics (Table 1, Sec. C).

The bone flaking tool is worked slight­ly on one end, while the awl is a pol­ished turkey bone. The third bone item was a polished bird bone bead (Figure 9).

Ground Stone: One item of ground stone was recovered-a fragment from the cutting edge of a polished green stone ax was found at a depth of 8 in. (20.4 em) below hardpan in Square 5R1.

Animal and Plant Remains: A box of unmodified vertebrate remains were misplaced when the laboratory doing the analysis was moved to another location, however, before the loss oc­curred the following bones were identi­fied: Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Red Fox (Vulpes fulva), and White-tailed deer (Odocoilens virginianus).

In addition to the above, a squash seed and a human incisor were found in Square 5R3 at a depth of 6 in. (15.3 em) and 8 in. (20.4 em) respectively.

Conclusions Any conclusions from this test exca­

vation must be limited in scope due to the small area of investigation.

The stratigraphy in this case must be based on the vertical distribution of the artifacts, as no natural stratifications were noted. The occurrence in the deeper levels of the two stemmed, Early Woodland projectile points, and in the shallower levels the occurrence of the· Late Woodland artifacts may indicate this to be a multicomponent site that could g ive answers to many of the questions that remain unanswered concerning the rockshelters of the Hocking Valley. This can only be proven or disproven by further investigation of the site.

Acknowledgement This writer would like to thank Mr.

John Vincent for showing him the shel­ter, Mrs. John Weir for giving permis­sion to test the site, Mr. N. M. Riggs and Mr. M. B. Thomson for their help in the excavation of the shelter, and Dr. Jack Voss and Peter J. Pilles, Jr. for their help with this report. To all, many thanks.

NOTE: This writer will be happy to release the artifacts to any institution that can give them proper storage and feels that they may be of some value toward a better under­standing ol the prehistory of the Hocking Valley.

References: Converse, Robert N.

1973 Ohio Flint Types, Archaeological Society of Ohio

Dragoo, Don W. 1963 Mounds of the Dead; An Analysis

of the Adena Culture. Annals of Carnegie Museum, Vol. 37, Pitts­burgh, Pa.

Mayer-Oakes, William J. 1955 Prehistory of the Upper Ohio

Valley: an Introductory Archaeol­ogical Study, Anthropolgical Se­ries, No. 2, Annals of Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Murphy, James L. 1975 An Archaeological History of the

Hocking Valley. Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio

Prufer, Olaf and Orrin Shane 1970 Blain Village and the Fort Ancient

Tradition in Ohio. Kent State Uni­versity Press, Kent, Ohio

TABLE I PROVENIENCE OF ARTIFACTS

Weir Rockshelter, 33Wh-C1

Specimen

A B.

Specimen No. 1. 2. 3. 4 5.

Type

ss ss CBT SBT CBT

Section "A"-Ceramics

Type

Monongahela Cord-marked Monongahela Plain

Body Sherds Number

1 19

Section "B"-Chipped Stone

' (Projectile Points) Provenience Depth Below Length

Hardpan (em) (mm) 5R3 30.5 55 5R3 46.0 58 5R1 25.5 20 5R1 25.5 28 5R3 25.5 30

Width (mm)

24 22 15 16 23

Rim Sherds Number

2 1

Thickness (mm)

7 7 3 5 8

SS-Straight Stemmed CBT-Convex-based triangle SBT-S,traight-based triangle

Section "C"-Worked Bone

Specimen Description Provenience Depth Below Length Hardpan (em) (mm)

a. Bone Flaking Tool 5R3 20.4 78 b. Bone Awl 5R3 20.4 75 c. Polished Bone Bead 5R1 25.5 26 d. Drilled Tooth 5R1 20.4 25

33

Fig. 1 (Hallock) View of the Weir Rockshelter (33Wh-Cl), Washington County, Ohio.

Fig. 2 (Hallock) Mortar and petroglyph on surface of sandstone boulder in opening of shelter.

Fig. 3 (Hallock) Location of the Weir rockshelter (33 Wh-Cl), Washington County, Ohio.

34

-!ott.-

Fig. 4 (Hallock) Plan view of the Weir Rockshelter, 33 Wh-Cl , (grids are five-foot squares). Shaded squares were excavated.

Fig. 6 (Hallock) Square 5R2 showing feature found in bedrock, Weir rockshelter.

Fig. 8 (Hallock) Projectile points, Weir rockshelter.

35

Fig. 5 (Hallock) Square 10R7 showing method of step excavation, Weir rockshelter.

a

Fig. 9 (Hallock) Worked bone, Weir rockshelter.

'I'

Artifacts From the Brundage Collection By Charles Brundege, Rt. 1 Box 17, Pliny, West Virginia

Fig. 1 (Brundege) Four celts - three of flint and one of green granite. All were washed out of the bank of the Kanawha River in Putnam County, West Virginia. Longest celt is 9 inches.

Fig. 2 (Brundege) Highly polished hematite cone. Found in Putnam County, West Virginia in 1978.

Fig. 3 (Brundege) Two points of the same type- both surface finds. Point on left is from Christian County, Kentucky. R ight hand point is from Mason County, West Virginia. Both 2Y<! inches long.

Fig. 4 (Brundege) Four drills. First three are surface finds from Fayette County, Ohio.

Fig. 5 (Brundege) Three surface finds . First two are from Christian County, Kentucky- third is from Fayette County, Ohio.

36

A Pendant From Scioto County

By Steve M. Easter Rt. #6, Portsmouth, Ohio

The pendant shown in the accom­panying photograph was found on July 30, 1982. It was found while I was on a fishing trip along a small creek which empties into the Scioto River. It was lying on a sand bar and at first impres­sion I thought it might be the broken handle of some tool. It turned out to be a white stone pendant measuring 3Ys inches long and 1 X inches wide. The material is a dense fine-grained stone and very smooth and may be water worn. On one side are incised lines which may represent a birds head or a birds wing.

Fig. 1 (Easter) Stone pendant from Scioto County. Carved lines may be elements of a bird representation.

Award Winning Artifacts at ASO Meetings

A large 9\4 inch knife found by Don Eberle in Paulding County, Ohio. The material is a light greenish-gray- possibly argillite.

37

Large granite chisel. Found by foe Hyatt in Franklin County.

Regional Collaborator News By David W. Kuhn, Portsmouth, Ohio

Fig. 1 (Kuhn) This unfinished boatstone is made of black and white hardstone (granite) and was found in a plowed field along the Ohio River in western Scioto County. The site has produced relics from the Archaic culture. This piece is 3Y's'' long.

Fig. 2 (Kuhn) These small pentagonal points are from the same site, located on the east side of the Scioto River, near the Pike County line. The center point is 1 Ys" long. None appear to be resharpened larger points. The materials are light and dark gray flint.

Fig. 3 (Kuhn) The relics pictured above are celts made of four different types of slate. The largest is 5" long and is made of blue-gray pebble slate with faint white lines of quartz or quartzite through it. It was found in Scioto County along the east side of the Scioto River near the Pike County line. The celt below the large one is made of the same type banded slate as are most pendants and gorgets. It was found in Adams County along the Ohio River. The smaller celt on the left is blue-gray slate which has been chipped, pecked and polished. It was found in Scioto County along the Scioto River north of Lucasville. The remaining celt is thin, light green s late and was found on the Vanmeter farm in Pike County.

38

Fig. 4 (Kuhn) This banded slate pipe was dug from a household garden plot on Cook Road in Valley Township, Scioto County, in 1978. It is a}'! oblong shape with the bowl being %" by 1:}\6" and the stem %" in diameter.

The Archaeological Investi­gation of A Fort Ancient Com­munity Near Ohio Brush Creek, By David S. Brose, 69 pages - 11 plates - price $4.50 - Kent State Univ. Press, Kent, Ohio 44242.

This publication is an extensive and comprehensive report of the excava­tions done in Adams County under the direction of David S. Brose of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The Killen Ridge, Wamsley Village, and Grimes sites are all located near Wrightsville in Adams County which will be the location of a generating plant for Dayton Power and Light. While the results of this investigation do not re­veal one of the major Fort Ancient locations comparing to those at, for example, Andersonville or Baum's, it nevertheless does, for the first time, give some insight to the Fort Ancient evidence long known to occur in the Brush Creek area. Some of Moore­head's early spadework was done along Brush Creek but never properly re­ported. More familiar to Ohio collectors will be the large number of Fort Ancient artifacts from the Meuser collection marked "Wrightsville, Adams County" which are probably from the same sites.

The book offers a complete analysis of the artifacts and pottery from these sites as well as a discussion of the relationships between these and other Fort Ancient locations. The last words of the conclusion are "indeed, further work is needed" with which the re­viewer will agree, this publication being a desirable step in that direction. Highly recommended .

Robert N. Converse

Book Reviews The Snyders Mounds and Five Other Mound Groups in

Calhoun County, Illinois. By David P. Braum, James B~ Griffin and Paul Titterington.

Research Reports in Archaeology-Contribution 8, Mu­seum of Anthropology The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1982 175 pages-97 figures-no price given.

At long last a publication dealing with the work done by Dr. Paul Titterington in Illinois makes its appearance. As most students know, Titterington's ex­cavations were done in the 1930's and 1940's and only partial results of what he found had made their way into print over the years. Not even summarial or preliminary reports of Titterington's important work were ever printed­reports which could have had a great deal of effect on subsequent archaeol­ogical investigations had they been generally known .

This volume covers excavations of the Snyders Mound Group and five other mound groups in Calhoun County, Illinois. Burials from the late Archaic to Mississippian were discovered by Tit­terington, but the reader will find the Middle Woodland, or Hopewell, por­tions of the reports most interesting. A great deal of the classic Hopewell mate­rial taken from the Illinois mour1ds by Titterington is pictured including flint, copper and pottery.

As with any publication based on notes and information gathered nearly fifty years ago-( Moorehead was blamed for not writing the report on the Hope­well site for thirty years), the book has some obvious flaws. Such errors are inherent when trying to piece together or reinterpret data compiled by others or to deal with recovered objects men­tioned by the notes but now not in the collections, and the book must be read with this in mind. For example what appears to be a remarkable revelation may be seen in Figure 76. This picture shows what must be a fluted point ostensibly found with a burial at the Bell farm along with a pipe and an antler flaker by excavator Walter Wadlow. This

disparate association is further con­fused in the text which first says it is a projectile point which "has clearly Late Archaic/Early Woodland form" and fur­ther in the same sentence states that it is a "mortuary chache blade form occa­sionally associated with "Red Ochre"­like burials". If either of the. propositions that this artifact style is Late Archaic or Red Ochre in origin its announcement has escaped the notice of many stu­dents, including the reviewer. To add confus ion on top of confusion, the point is then descibed as being finely abraded (or ground) around the base with an obvious retouch on the blade tip. These are classic attributes characteristic of fluted points but the text says that they are not assignable to aspects of hafting but are the result of using the piece as a hand-held tool. A further bewilder­ment can then be found in the next paragraph which blithely theorizes that the projectile point might be a re-used aboriginal surface find.

Figures 50 and 51 are pictures of large lanceolate knives (one of which is ten inches long) commonly known to be associated with Red Ochre burials but any interpretaion of these finds is not offered.

The above selected criticisms should not detract from the total value of the publication since they are obviously the result of an attempt to reconstruct old and hazy data gathered by people who are no longer alive. The book will prove beneficial to anyone interested in Ohio archaeology especially as it relates to Hopewell. It is a substantial contribution to the literature and the people who put it in print are to be commended .

Robert N. Converse

-l>-f>-l>-l>-ft-li-<J-fl-ll-<l-fl-l>-f>-f>-fl-fl-fl-ll-f>-<1-ll-fl-fl-()-f)-I)-(I-U-fl-fl-fl-11-(l-1>-ll-fl-fl-f>-<l-fl-fl-ll-fl-fl-

Necrology Mr. Henry C. Sleesman passed away

on April 27, 1982. He was a long time member of the Archaeological Society of Ohio and was an avid reader of The Archaeologist. Our sympathies go to his wife and family.

39