Vol. 6

\ . t

I.

Ohi Number 2

10

Archaeologist

APRIL, 1956

.1 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO

(Formerly Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society)

AN IROQUOIAN EFFIGY PIPE from collection of

Gordon F. Meuser, M. D«

The tobacco pipe shown herewith is a fine example of p r e ­historic art. It is fashioned of translucent quartzite. The matrix is a blending of almost pure white to a faint shade of gray, and veining through it are streaks and mottlings of almost jet black Truly, the labor and patience required to produce this handsome specimen must have been prodigious

It consists of a straight tapering stem with a bowl placed at an obtuse angle or slant. There is a well defined flange around the rim of the bowl. Beneath the flange, and laterally, the head of a ser­pent has been finely carved, and continuing around the bowl and stem, the body of a serpent has been gracefully portrayed in high relief, ter­minating at the stem hale, Deep cross hatched incised markings have been cut into the body to delineate the character of the skin. The texture of the surface of the pipe is that finely pecked workmanship so peculiar to quartzite artifacts, with a very smooth polish overall.

The data on this pipe is not complete. My information s ta tes that it was washed out along a tributary of the Sandusky River, north of Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio.

An area of calcareous deposit can be seen on one side, sucli as is frequently observed on grave goods, so it is likely that the pipe originally had been placed with a burial.

From its type and character, this pipe can be ascribed to the Iroquoian Culture (Whittlesy focus), and can be dated as late prehist­oric product

Size 1 - 1

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CONTENTS

Page

An Iroquoian Effigy Pipe - Dr. G. F . Meuser 37

Contents 38

Officers 39

Editorial 41

Flint Ridge * 'T" Drills - Lynn Munger 42-43

Some Large Pipes - H. C. Wachtel 44-45

Notched Ovate Banners - Jacob Royer 46-47

Some Georgia Artifacts - J. H. Wear 48-49

How I Started Collecting - C. B. Baird 49 -51

Cave Digging With the Goods-Ernest & Dorothy 52-53

Hunting Campsites — Dr. Long 54—55

Archaic Type From Northern Ohio - . A. G. Smith 56-57

Three Hardstone Gorgets - Dr. Go F . Meuser 58-59

New Chips Off The Old Block - G . E . A d a i r 58-61

The Jackson County Petroglyphs -H. C. Wachtel & Henry Peters 60-62

Undiscovered Beauties of Flint Chipping -

M. W. Hill 63-64

An Arkansas Display — A. R. Long 65

A Southern Ohio Display - Don I. Blue 66-68

Danish Ground Flint and Stone — A. G. Smith and Harry Horning 79—71

Adena Mound Finds G Kenneth McNeal 72

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OFFICERS

President - Dr. Lawrence E„ Hicks, 8 Chatham Rd., Columbus 14, Ohio Vice Pres - Dr„ Stanley G. Copeland, 1138 E.Whittier St., Columbus 6, Ohio Sec 'y -Treas - Mr. Arthur George Smith, 65 N. Foster St., Norwalk, Ohio Editor - Mr. H. C. Wachtel, 307 Elmhurst Rd., Dayton 7, Ohio

TRUSTEES

Mr, C. H. Kruger, 1035 Superior Ave., Dayton,Ohio. (Term ends May 1956) Mrs. Vernon Barrett, Box 304, Chillicothe, Ohio (Term ends May 1956) Mr. George C. Collins, 627 Snow Hill Blvd., Springfield, Ohio (Term ends May 1957) Mr. J. H. Barker, Route 3, Lebanon, Ohio (Term ends May 1957) Mr. Ernest G. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio (Term ends May 1958) Mr. Emmett W. Barnhart, Northridge Rd., Circleville, Ohio (Term ends May 1958)

PUBLISHING COMMITTEE

Dro Gordon F, Meuser, 2248 Summit St., Columbus, Ohto (Chairman) Mr. LaDow Johnston, 2001 Toledo Trust Bldg., Toledo 4, Ohio Mr. Bo Eo Kelley, 138-140 S. Fayette St., Washington Co H., Ohio Mr. Donald McBeth, Route 1, Kingston, Ohio Dr. Paul E. Bennett, 1933 Franklin Blvd., Portsmouth, Ohio Mr. No Lo Dunn, 1025 So West St., Findlay, Ohio

PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Mr. R. So Baby, Ohio State Museum, Columbus 10, Ohio (Advisory) Dr. Lawrence E. Hicks, 8 Chatham Rd„v Columbus 14, Ohio (Coordinator) Mr. Bo Eo Kelley, 138-140 S„ Fayette St., Washington Co Ho, Ohio Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, 1138 E. Whittier St.., Columbus 6, Ohio Mr. & Mrs. Ernest G. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio Mr. Jo Ho Barker, Route 3, Lebanon, Ohio (March meeting) Mr. Ernest L. Spoon, Route 2, Box 437, Miamisburg, Ohio (March meeting) MTO Donald McBeth, Route 1, Kingston, Ohio ' (May meeting) Mr. Emmett W. Barnhart, Northridge Rd., Circleville, Ohio (May meeting)

OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY

The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeological s i tes and material within the State of Ohio, seek and promote a better understanding among collectors of archaeological material including individuals, museums and i n s t i ­tutions and to disseminate knowledge as to subject matter of Arch­aeology. The membership is composed of United State cit izens of suitable character and interest. The annual membership dues are $3o00 payable June 1st each year. The annual membership duesp (Up to 18.) are $1.50. The funds are used for mailing notices of meetings and publishing of "Ohio Archaeologist" of which we put out four i ssues each year. Articles and pictures are furnished by t h e members.

Send application with membership dues to Secretary. * * * * *

Due credit should be given this publication and the author for any article or data copied and published by others.

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NEW MEMBERS

Aellig, John, 323 California Blvd., Toledo 12, Ohio Brunner, W. D., R. R. No. 1, Louisville, Ohio Cicora, Michele J.s 4963 E. 88th St., Cleveland 25, Ohio Cleveland Public Library, 325 Superior Ave., Cleveland 14, Ohio Crabtree, Darlene, 1711 South High St., Cuyahoga Fal ls , Ohio DeMuth, George W., M.D., Sherwood, Ohio Egan, Michael Charles, 389 Vine St., Chillicothe, Ohio Halsey, George C , R. R. No. 3, Forest, Ohio Homrighaus, A. EL, 2816 Barrington Dr., Toledo 6, Ohio Hayes, Earl C , 1144 8th St., Portsmouth, Ohio Larger, Regina, 1601 Frebis Ave., Columbus 7, Ohio Lewis, Norman C , Box 151, Cortland 3, Ohio Miller, Garth H., Box 233, Station " C " , Toledo, Ohio Moselage, J, H., 3270 Woodrow Road, Memphis, Tennessee Murphy, Ralph E., 4541 West Tuscarawas St., Canton, Ohio Murphy, Thomas, 4541 West Tuscarawas St., Canton, Ohio Orr, James L.., 1009 Cocopah, Phoenix, Arizona Parker, E* M., R. R. No. 1, Brookville, Penna. Plain, Jerry, Sacremento, Kentucky Robinson, Clarence A., Chesterville, Ohio Sanduski, Felix E. , 1600 Maryland Ave., Columbus 9, Ohio Schaeffer, John F . , 556 High St., Worthington, Ohio Shultz, Ralph C , 115 Yale Ave„, Dayton 6, Ohio Vavak, John, 1411 North Main St., Cape Giradeau, Missouri Walston, Earl, R R No 4, Fostoria, Ohio Witala. Donald J. , 865 Central Parkway, S.E., Warren, Ohio Wood, John M , 227 Circle Ave., Washington C H., Ohio Wood, Thomas G„, 227 Circle Ave., Washington C H., Ohio

P lease Note- Any corrections to above, either in name or address, should be sent to the Secretary, Mr. A. G. Smith, 65 North Foster St., Norwalk, Ohio.

TREASURERS REPORT to date 3 - 1 - 5 6

Dues 1147.75 Miscellaneous 42„38 Magazine sa les 56.75

Total 1247.09

1247 09

Publishing Costs Postage Incorporation Miscellaneous Office Supplies

Balance to credit

Account forwarded

864.69 185o89

25o00 22.44 54.78

1157=55 89,54

1247,09

487.38

Total on hand 576.92

Average cost per issue of Ohio Archaeologist last year $220,00 Average cost per i ssue of Ohio Archaeologist now is $288o00

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EDITORIAL PAGE

It is becoming increasingly more difficult to write this page as the general membership isn*t interested in the gripes or troubles that are consistently being faced by the Editor striving to gather material for an interesting copy, as they are interested in the final results only.

This is especially so when the editor is aware of the interesting topics that could be submitted by all members if they could only be induced to spare just a little time to pass on some of their most interesting experiences,

Photographs with accompanying articles will be appreciated and a lot of items which may be commonplace to you may be of great interest to others and could possibly fill in a link for ones making comparisons and studies for types.

You will notice that this i ssue carries an article concerning petroglyphs or rock carvings. If you know of any in your locality, I hope you will let us know so that they can be photographed. It would be nice if we could cover all of them in the State. I know more exist as I can recall having them mentioned to meHsy members. If you are not all able to secure photographs, maybe arrangments can be made to help you. Let us know.

Local items concerning late Indian contact is another angle to be covered. Almost every section of the State has some "hand—me—down" legends. This would be of special interest to out younger members.

We are also interested in mound pictures, one reason being the fear of their destruction, and another, the number and size of remaining mounds.

The Secretary, Mr. A. G. Smith and myself have been thinking of starting a project or series to show a page in each issue of various types of flint. We r e ­ceive a number of inquiries from members concerning types and they could best be answered by that means.

Very recently, I have been reading extensively concerning the Maya.Culture in Central America and one thing that struck me as soon as I saw the pictures, were the eccentric flints that were found in Situ. They were the most remarkable e c c e n ­trics that I had ever seen. So there are authentic eccentrics, even though there has been some peculiar circumstances associated with some from the west. I will be anxious to see Dr. Bennett and Mr. Wertz after their return from Central America, as at this writing, they are down there, Mr Wertz and Dr. Bennett have promised to have something in a future issue regarding the trip.

NOTICE

This is the last i ssue before our next dues period of June 1, 1956.

Look up your membership card - if it is marked to June 1, 1956, it means that dues for period until June 1, 1957, are due.

The Secretary, Mr. A. G. Smith, is trying to start all new members as of the 1st of the year. If we could even all of these out accordingly, it would simplify our records and be in accord with yearly issues of Ohio Archaeologist, so if any members should desire to a s s i s t in evening this out, they could pay annual dues of $3.00 plus $1.50 or total of $4.50 and be paid up until January 1958. This is just a suggestion for you to think over.

Send your remittance to Arthur George Smith, 65 N„ Foster S t , Norwalk, Ohio.

In case of any doubt in your mind as to your standing, the Secretary will have your status on your file card.

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FLINT RIDGE " T " DRILLS by

Lynn Munger Angola, Indiana

Pictured on the opposite page are more drills from the Munger collection In Volume 5, Number 4 of the Ohio Archaeologist, were pictured a few of the fine

T drills from the same collection. Unusual response from our readers concern ing this specialized type of artifact has prompted the showing of more of the same.

Pictured in this group is a selection of drills from this collection comprised entirely of ones made from our famous 'Fl int Ridge" chalcedony and contains an array of colors and color blends that could only be appreciated with a color photo­graph or to actually view these pieces.

1. Chalcedony. Grey striped with black and green from Williams County, Ohio.

2. Translucent flint of extreme density. Multicolored with red, yellow, white and greenish blends. Ohio. County Unknown.

3. The very rare honey-colored chalcedony, transluscent. From LaGrange Co , Indiana. Formerly in the Addis collection of Wolf Lake.

4o Highly colored from butt to tip and with about any color of the rainbow An opaque gem, also from the Addis collection, stopping for a good rest with Dave Warner on the way to Lynn Munger.

5. Jet black flint from central Ohio, probably Darke County.

6. A pronounced " T " of transluscent colorful material presented by. H. C, Wachtel, Preble County, Ohio.

7. A little fellow but nearly transparent with fiery red tones through yellow and light tan. Looks good enough to eat,

8. Another from central Ohio with the jet black opaque flint being predominate, but blending into a greenish vaseline hue at the tip,

9. A fine " T " from Ashtabula County, Ohio, showing most of the colors that are so outstanding in the Flint Ridge material.

* * * * *

A CORRECTION

In the article on Hopewell Art in the January 1956 i ssue , it was stated that the Squier and Davis collection from Mound 8, Mound City group was in the Blackmore Museum in Salisbury, England, Dr. Griffin, the Ceramics Expert of the University of Michigan s ta tes that this collection is now in the British Museum in Lon­don, and that he spent some two weeks studying it in the summer of 1954, We envy the Doctor his opportunity H. Co W.

* * * * *

Have just been informed that one or our members, Mr, Fred Hubacher of Cleveland, Ohio, recently passed away, We extend our condolences to Mrs, Hubacher at this time. Mr. Hubacher died February 2nd of a heart attack.

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1

Drills From Collection of , Lynn Munger, Angola, Indiana

t

Lavrge Pipes From Collection of H. C. Wachtel, Dayton, Ohio

SOME LARGE PIPES from

H C Wachtel Collection

I have selected the eight pipes shown on the opposite page from my collection to picture here, thinking the members might be interested in seeing some of the larger pipes one occasionally meets up with

To me, these are interesting specimens of different types, both finished and un­finished. It is a heart-breaking feeling when someone brings you pipes like No. 1 and No. 2, which they have found, as the minute you see them you cannot help but v i sua l ­ize the perfect piece Anyone familiar with surface hunting has run into this same thing. You pick up a part of what would have been a wonderful artifact in its perfect state but from past experience, I can warn you that it is useless to try to find the mating piece, I have haunted a certain si te for years for the remaining piece to no avail.

No,, 1„ This is a muchly weathered steati te pipe which was a surface find just north of Cincinnati, Ohio It may have originally been a very fine effigy of the spreading eagle design, but the head and wings have been broken and much battered about from cultivating implements. As shown here, it is 9 inches long and 4 1/2 inches across .

No, 2 Here is another badly damaged pipe but in its perfect shape must have been a very fine pipe with some resemblance to the Temple Mound human effigy pipe. It is a human figure in kneeling position. The head is com­pletely broken off, right arm is extended downward with hand spread over abdomen and indication of left arm reaching back to hold pack on back. Surface find from Ross County, Ohio, It stands 6 1/2 inches high, as i s .

No 3, This is an unfinished pipe of compact red sandstone. This pipe is com­pletely blocked out by pecking. The bowl and stem holes are started, Surface find from Pike County, Ohio,. 8 inches long and 4 inches high at bowl portion

No, 4. This effigy pipe is made of steat i te It is pictured in the Stone Age in North America, Vol 1, Page 73, as being formerly in the Bennet Young collection in Louisville, Kentucky. The deep sunken eyes, probably at one time had inserted fresh water pearls. The head has an alligator or lizard appearance. 7 1/2 inches long

No,, 5, This is an effigy pipe with some resemblance to a vulture with wings folded Made of s teat i te Found north of Cincinnati, Ohio. Surface find, 7 1/4 inches long.

No, 6. A bear effigy pipe from Mahoning County, Ohio, Made of a hard, compact sandstone Well sculptured in effigy. 7 3/4 inches in length.

No, 7, This is a duck effigy made of mottled s teat i te . Formerly in Payne col­lection, From Tennessee . This is a very fine pipe and measures 11 3/4 inches in length. Deep sunken eyes evidently contained pearls.

No. 8 Another large steati te pipe from Tennessee, Beak resembles the eagle. Unfinished as to drill of bowl and stem holes, 11 inches long.

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NOTCHED OVATE BANNERS

by Jacob Royer

The notched ovate has long been a favorite type bannerstone among collectors Here are pictured seven of these banners from the collection of the writer. The one above came from an old collection near Marion, Ohio, presumably found in that general locality It is of finely banded green slate of the exact s ize illustrated, This type banner is cut out at the notches unusually wide and deep, so that the resulting shape suggest the half moon

There is another of this half moon type in the Ohio State Museum of about the same size, pictured in Knoblock's book on Bannerstones, page 383, It is from Hardin County, Ohio, H, C. Wachtel has another one found in Preble County, Ohio.

On the opposite page are pictured six notched ovates in reduced s ize , The one to the left in the top row came from Southern Michigan, It is green s la te with a few white str ipes. From Frank Burdett,

The right hand banner is from the Edw, Payne collection, Hardin County, Ohio. Dark brownish green, rather roughly weathered.

The left piece in the middle row is from Geo. Kiefer's collection, of beautiful banded slate and a bit of panelled edge along the notches. From near Piqua village s i te . Miami County, Ohio.

The right hand piece in the middle row is smooth green slate from Seneca Co,, Ohio. The left piece in lower row is green slate , found near Zanesfield, Logan County, 0 The lower right corner piece is from Darke County, Ohio, This specimen must have

lain on the surface a long time. One side is weathered quite brownish, the other much greener.

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Notched Ovatos From Collection of Jacob Royer, Davton, Ohio

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Some Georgia Artifacts From Collection of J . W. Wear

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SOME GEORGIA ARTIFACTS

from the

J H Wear Collection.

Top shelf, back row 2 pots and large conch shell from burials, Gordon Co., Georgia.

Second row Seven small game stones — all are surface finds except the one on the right which is from a burial from Gordon County, Georgia.

Middle shelf, back row Left to right, untempered clay pipes, burial find from Gordon County steati te pipe, ourial find from Gordon County, Butterfly banner stone, surface find, Gordon County, crude stone pipe, surface find from Gordon County, clay pipe excavated in camp s i te , Gordon County

Middle shelf, front row left to right, 5 inch granite discoidal, surface find, Gordon County, 5 1/2 inch chert spear point, North Carolina; 3 crude cel ts , sur­face find, Gordon County; winged type banner stone, surface find, also from Gordon County.

Lower shelf, back row Jaw bone and large death mask, burial find, Gordon County

12 1/4 inch spear point, burial find, Gordon County; stone spud, surface find, Gordon County, celt, surface find, Whitfield County

Front row left to right Banner stone, Whitfield County; celt, surface find from Murray County, 3 hole gorget, test pit find, Murray County, 2 hole gorget surface find, Murray County 2 small pendants, test pit find, Murray Co 2 hole gorgets, surface find, Murray County. Unknown artifacts that closely resemble middle South type banners which has two grooves or notches on the ends where the hole would have been on a banner stone, surface find, Whitfield County broken steat i te gorget, surface find from Murray County; broken steat i te gorget, surface find, Murray County Bi— cave discoidal from Mound C, Etowah Mounas, Bartow County, a small ear plug, surface find, Gordon County

The butterfly banner stone and the stone spud were given to me by friends who think they are fromGordon County, but have no proof of their origin.

I have only found one complete banner stone which is pictured in the lower left corner. It is referred to as the Middle South type and is made of stea­tite and is 3 1/2 inches long

The winged type banner stone seems to have been the choice of the Indians in this area as I have found almost half of eight of this type in Gordon Co.

The Middle South type would come next and last the butterfly, which is made of banded limestone The workmanship was excellent and I think it would have been much better than the one shown in the picture

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HOW I STARTED TO COLLECT INDIAN RELICS

Clarke B „ Baird, Bucyrus, Ohio

When I was a very, very small boy I used to spend my school vacations with an uncle who lived in the country, as I loved the country and did I ever like to ride on the horses. Ond day when my cousin and I were riding the horses back to a field where he had been plowing, we had to cross a small stream and in the water I spied a very pecul­iar looking stone and I wouldn't give my cousin any peace until I got the stone It was a rather long stone (soft) with a very fine grain, My cousin looking it over said, " tha t would make a fine whetstone I started to make the whetstone by rubbing it with another The next day while I was sitting on a fence watching my cousin do his plowing and still rubbing on my whetstone a neighbor boy came across a field to see my cousin and while crossing the field he picked up a nice dark brown spear point about 2 1/4 X 6 inches. He took quite a liking to the whetstone I was making and so we made a trade. This was my first artifact, and how highly I prized it, because I had something that an Indian had owned and made. Soon after this two of my companions became intensely interested in my new possession and started to collecting, and from then on how we did trade and hunt arrow­heads. One of these boys was the son of a United Brethern minister, the other the son of a cigar roller and ran a business in our village but both died in their early fifties and are buried in the same cemetery where will be my last resting place.

THE SMALL TOMAHAWK SHOWN IN THE TWO PICTURES

When I was about 15 years old, like other boys of my age I loved to hunt and fish and trap and during this period I formed the acquaintance of a youth (Clarence Lu­cas) who was a great hunter and trapper for his age. While on one of our hunting trips, by chance, I happened to speak of the interest I had in Indian rel ics . He told me that his grandfather had an iron tomahawk and of course I at once became interested in it I called on the old gentleman who at the time was about 85 years of age. I offered to buy his most treasured artifact, but it was not for sale for love or money It was at this time that the old gentleman gave me the history as to how he came by it, The old gentleman's wife had died three years previously and he didn't live long afterwards. This caused a public sale to be held and his grandson, of which I have herein spoken of knowing that I wanted this tomahawk and rather than have auctioned off for ten or 15 cents, sold me the piece for one dollar and in all these years the piece has only been out of my hands once,

THIS IS THE STORY THE OLD GENTLEMAN TOLD ME

• I was born in Cambra County, Pennsylvania, and spent most of my early years there until I got married and moved to Ohio I had no family at this time, no children until I left Pennsylvania. On one of my exploits while I was roaming around in the Allegheny, Mountains, I was ascending quite an elevation when by chance, upon look­ing up I spied what I thought to be a little hatchet, which it proved to be. It was about 12 feet from the ground and embedded in a very large pine tree. The handle had long since rotted out and, of course, at the time looked more rusty that it does now He told me that the time of the finding he was about 10 or 12 years old. NOTJ£: I figure this artifact was found about the year 1825 andif it would take 12 years for the handle to rot out, it could have taken part in the War of 1812.

This artifact much resembles the Hudson Bay hunters axe in shape, but it is not inlaid with steel and has a very small tapered oval eye which would allow the handle to come loose if not wedged very tightly, I have seen only one other just like i t as to size and shape and it also came from Pennsylvania,

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(1) This pipe tomahawk was found in the year 1897, fifteen miles southwest of the site of the General Arthur St. Clair battlefield. While quite rust pitted, it is in a very fine condition. Measures 7 1/4 inches in length and 2 1/2 inches across the bit, has an oval eye and weight. 12 oz.; Found by a farmer while breaking in a new piece of ground,

(2) This squaw ax, trade ax or tomahawk is definitely Iroquois, owing to the under—slung blade which is a characteristic of weapons of this tribe, Found on an old village site in Ontario County, New York. Measures 6 inches in length and 3 inches across the blade, weight 22 oz. , very rusty but still retains a very small portion of the original handle in the eye. This type of implement was made in various s izes and used as a general purpose tool about the vil lages. The smaller ones were quite frequently used in combat but the larger ones only by necessity as when an Indian was thoroughly aroused, he used anything in defense.

(3) This tomahawk was found in 1825 in the Allegheny Mountains, Pennsylvania. It was purchased in 1897 from the original finder, an old gentleman who at the time was 85 years old. See opposite page. Measures 4 1/4 x 2, weight 12 oz. in very fine c o n ­dition.

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•

Finds From Collection of i' rnest and Dorothy Good

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CAVE DIGGING WITH THE GOODS by

Ernest & Dorothy Good 15 Civic Drive

Grove City, Ohio

To most people a vacation means relaxation, but to the Goods it means digging from early morning until evening in the caves of Kentucky. We spent a month down in Ole Kentuck way this past silmmer digging in a large limestone cave We have found many interesting artifacts both of stone and bone,

Pictured with this article are a few of the finer points we found the past year„ These points are mostly of Kentucky nodular flint with a few of colored chertof unknown origin. Some of the points we have found are thick and rough and some are very thin and of fine workmanship. They don't seem to be of any one type but of many different types. There were limestone cel ts , bone artifacts and shell beads found in the digging with these points. We also found that there had been many people inhabitating this cave for a long time, according to the burials and layers of occupations we have uncovered to date.

Mr. Good and our companion William Peters , also a member of our Society, and a relative have gone down about ten feet in the deposit to make some) very fine discoveries,

Cave digging is fun but also a lot of hard work. You have muscles you don't real­ize you have and they get somewhat sore from shoveling all the dirt that seems to be al­ways getting in your way, This is all forgotten with the thrill that comes when you dig out a beautiful point or bone specimen. Also found a bone fish hook and a shell bat ef­figy of which we are very proud. This cave is a natural for people to live in, as it has a large rock ledge that comes out on the bank. The front slopes down into the room in which they lived Down at one end, a spring comes out of the rocks above and runs all the time and from all information it has never stopped. This forms a small stream which runs through the cave, so when you get thirsty, all you have to do is hold your cup under the water drips that come down over the front It makes good coffee also. While cooking in the cave that is where I got my water supply. We took our food along and ate down among the diggings.

As we got down to the lower levels, we got the thrill of a lifetime as we found two fluted points of folsom design. One that was found had beautiful rippled chipping. This one was found in 1954.

Ernie, this year, dug up a fluted point at a depth of 9 1/2 feet, It was lying on a large rock and with it was a small triangle point. Down below this were still more signs of occupation and more points that were different from any we found above. There were antler points and bone artifacts still below where he uncovered the fluted point. We found some pieces of pottery at the top layer of the cave but none in the lower levels. I dug out a piece of a steat i te bowl that had been broken and used again and pest les made of l ime­stone, some were polished and some were not. In one burial was a piece of a four hole shell gorget and by luck the broken piece was lying to one side and we were lucky enough to find both pieces. So with a little work a nice piece to display.

You are all invited to visit with us at 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio at any time and see what we have found. We don't have a large collection but we think it is a nice one.

(con't on Pg. 54)

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Well, back to the cave again. We are still planning on some more digging and to see what else is there. Oh yes, we found a burial of a man this past year with two canine buried with him. He also had a fine drill in his hand. We found specimens of seeds , cloth, nuts and large red balls of clay. The latter, we have no idea what they were used for, be­ing down below pottery level. We found a large mass of the inner bark of the cedar tree, looked like it had been woven and burnt This year we found a cremated burial, the only one of its kind we encountered. The cave seemed to have a little bit of everything. So, regardless of blisters and sore muscles, we had a wonderful vacation and we are going back again to try more exploring into the lives of these people who lived so long ago and left behind such interesting artifacts as the flint points and bone artifacts and all the other evidence.

Don't get the idea that cave digging is easy because it is not. There is a lot of work to it as I said, lots and lots of dirt to shovel,, I still have the marks of blisters to show, but i t ' s loads of fun and very interesting. May have something interesting to report the next time.

Dorothy and Ernie Good

* * * * * * *

HUNTING CAMPSITES by

Dr. Russell J. Long Beaumont, Texas

Collectors who don't take the time to hunt field campsites are missing half the fun of their lives. You won't find many " fancy" stones but you will be amazed at the amount you learn from scraps,

There is a spot along Hog Creek north of Ada, Ohio, where there was a slate workshop. The most interesting thing about the site is that I have found bannerstones in all stages of manufacture from the rough blanks to the finished product.

The accompanying photograph shows a find that is more valuable than a perfect banner. One face shows hand chipping, giving a idea how the stone was roughed into shape. The other side is one step farther along. Having roughed out the piece the maker next began to peck with a small rock, evening up the surface, thinning the wings and leaving a ridge down the center for drilling. He had completed one wing and the ridge and when he gave a bad peck on the far wing. I don't know if Indians had a word to cover such an accident but I 'll bet he used one.

How do I know that the Indian broke off the wing? The break is not fresh and clean like the cultivating scratches, but show rust spots and weathering (patina), the same as the other surfaces of the stone. The material is s late . Actual measurements are 4 1/4 x 3 1/2 inches on the other dimensions.

Photographer by itolf Christopher.

* * * * * * *

WANTED

Will pay $2.00 each for the first three copies of Ohio Archaeologist, Volume 1, Number 1, mailed to me. Must be complete.

Arthur George Smith 65 N. Foster St., Norwalk, Ohio.

• . * I •

Archaic Flint — Northern Ohio from A. G. .Smith Collection

AN ARCHAIC TYPE WITH GROUND STEM FROM NORTHERN OHIO

by Arthur George Smith

Norwalk,Ohio

On the page opposite are pictured 24 points from Huron, Erie and Richland Counties, Ohio. An exception is the little one in the lower left corner which came from Corn Island, Kentucky.

These points i l lustrate a distinct type in stem pattern and in chipping tech­nique. All of them are not fully ideal for their type, lack of skill ano the refractory material often prevented the artisan from shaping out the ideal pattern that was in his mind as he made them. The rest merely approach that ideal.

In the figure the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 9th from the left in the top row are ideal. In the middle row the 2nd, 5th, 6th and 7th The rest merely approach it.

A typical specimen is about twice as long as it is wide, it is thick, with steeply chipped edges, the edges are in the center of the artifact, thick double convex cross section, often distinctly ridged in the narrower examples. The base is straight, in a few specimens it shows a narrow line of the striking platform, but as a rule was chipped to an edge and then ground. The stem is formed by straight lines and tapers toward the shoulders and is very heavily ground right up to the point of the shoulder or weak barb. On most specimens the edges of the blade show hard use . In the bottom row, the 2nd, 5th and 7th from the left show that they have been resharpened.

The flints used for these points are the same varieties as were used in this area by the makers of the Yuma points. Grey cherts, mottled dark blue flint, and flints from drift pebbles. In the top row, the 2nd from the left is Zaleski flint, the 3rd, 4th and 8th are of a light flint that Dr Copeland proved to me, comes from one pit on Flint icidge. The 8th is yellow brown jasper. The specimen in the center of the bottom row does not, I believe, belong in this type, as it is thinner and the base i s not ground, although the sides are ground up to the points of the shoulders. It is made from a pink Flint Ridge flint, burned to an ashy grey. I am inclined to believe it an aberrant Adena type although I have never seen but one other like it, and that one is of jasper from the Brown site in Cleveland, This one is from Esch Mound s i te , which was used at one time or another by every variety of aborigine who lived in Northern Ohio, from the makers of the fluted points down to historic Hurons.

Seven of the specimens shown are from the collection of the Firelands Museum in Norwalk, Ohio, and the rest from my personal collection.

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RESULTS

The article on Ohio finds of Sandia points has revealed to more such points in the collections of our members. One from Miss ­issippi , in the collection of Ora J . Neill of Ottawa, Ohio and one in the collection of Charles H. Walker of Cortland, Ohio, from northeastern Ohio. Look for them, members, there -nust be more.

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THREE HARDSTONE GORGETS by

Gordon F Meuser, M.D.

On the opposite page are shown three hardstone gorgets. From the general type that they represent, they could all be classified under the cultural term of Adena. However, Adena gorgets of materials other than slate , limestone or sandstone are ex­tremely rare.

No. 1 Yellow and black mottled granite. Brown County, Ohio.

No, 2 A conglomerate material, including matrix and inclusions of beautiful shades of yellow, tan, brown and maroon. Licking County, Ohio

No. 3 Gray and black mottled granite. Lucas County, Ohio. Of the three, numbers 1 and 3 present some striking similarities, even though found on the surface in the extreme northern and southern parts of Ohio. Both have slightly concave sides and ends. Both have rounded corners which do not share the high polish of the remainder of the surfaces, Both have been perforated by drilling from both s ides . Number 2 has the conventional Adena drilling that has been done entirely from the under side. All are highly polished and perfect.

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HEW CHIPS FROM AN OLD BLOCK by

G E Adair

I am writing with the thought in mind or wondering if there are other collectors in the Society like myself. I have a nice collection. Most of them are of the common variety and not too many of the $64.00 pieces, due to the fact that I still have a living to make for my family and myself and do not have enough left over after taxes, e tc . , to buy these swell polished pieces. Then another thought enters my mind, and I wonder if the persons with a cabinet full of polished pieces can prize his collection more than I do my old " c l u n k e r s " .

I acquired most of my collection the hard way - - by tramping the fields and picking them up. To me, that is one of the big kicks in collecting. Also, I have found two differ­ent burials that had been washed out. This was another kick, although they did not p ro ­duce much and I did not dig for more.

I have seen many cabinets full of nice polished pieces without a scratch or a weather-beaten mark on them. I hope they are the real thing, but in the back of my mind I wonder if I can believe all I see .

I do not claim to be an authority on Indian artifacts but we all know there are so many phony materials on the market and a lot of it come from persons who know they are phonies and yet pass them on as the real thing" at an enormous price to those wo do not know the difference. Namely, many of our young beginners.

I was hooked myself, a few years back and I know how it feels. And I know of some who were hooked recently. It puts the young collector out of the idea of collecting and makes him feel he should throw in the towel. I know of no phonies in my collection. If such were case, out they would go, and I certainly would not peddle them on to someone who does not know the difference.

We, in the Society are Indian Relic Collectors and are proud of it, and in my opinion, that $3.00 a year is not needed from a person who uses the Society as a backing to dis­pose of articles that he knows are raw fakes, Let him continue as a rock collector and dealer.

There is no way to keep anyone from making these different pieces , such as birds, banners, etc There is also an outfit on the market for making arrows, There certainly must be a way to stop peddling these as Indian rel ics, and if anyone in the Society knows

(con't on Pg. 264) - 58 -

Hardstone Gorgets Gordon F. Meuser, M. D.

M Jackson County Petroglyphs

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• 4 a M * i i i M m

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THE JACKSON COUNTY PETROGLYPHS by

H. C. Wachtel and Henry Peters

Shown in photographs on opposite page and pen sketch above are pictured the stone carvings known as the Peo Petroglyphs. These carvings are among the best pre­served in Ohio. They derive their name from the village of Leo, Jackson Township in Jackson County, Ohio.

Following is the writers interpellations which could possibly differ with the opinions of others so you are welcome to use your own imagination as to the ideas the sculptors may have been trying to portray. Some are easily recognizable but others are questionable.

1 Fish 2 Probably Serpent 3 Bird tracks 4 4 toed foot tracks 5 5 toed foot tracks 6 Human figure 7 Bird with penguin resemblance 8 Anyones guess 9 Serpent

10 Foot track - bear? 11 2 animals 12 A grotesque combination 13 Bird with object in beak 14 Dotted area where carving was removed

Refer to both sketch and pictures to form your conclusions. / c o n » t OVer)

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Rock carvings have always held a great amount of interest and fascination for those trying to decipher and connect them into cultures throughout the world, So far, no great number have been found in the Western Hemisphere, other than in Central America, Mexico and possibly the Inca civilization of South America, Quite a few exist in the western states on canyon walls, some few of similar character to the one shown here, exist very sparsely through the United States. Very recently some have been uncovered in Ontario, Canada. Some very unique ones near Hunting ton, West Virginia and ocassionaly along the Ohio River cliffs. There are a few more in Ohio which it would be interesting to treat upon sometime.

The Leo carvings in the Northwest part of Jackson County, Ohio, are now preserved by the State, being covered by a shelter and marked on most road maps, should any members desire to see theml believe they could easily locate them. These carvings are along an old North and South trail extending to Salt Creek in the Southern part of the county, where ancient salt makers secured their salt which was in demand by all the aboriginees.

It is said that a number of years ago one of the carvings was chiseled from the sandstone bed but the whereabouts of it has never been found. It was said to have had the appearance of an elephant or mastodon footprint. If that being the case, these carvings could be quite ancient or again the figment of imagination of the individual sculptor.

There doesn't seem to be much rhyme or reason to the carvings that could possibly tie them in with any theory or message. Maybe one individual trying to outdo another. Were they symbols? Who knows? No pattern seems to have been followed. They are cut into the sandstone to a depth varying from about one quart er to three quarters of an inch and up to several inches in width, probably pecked and scraped with flint tools.

Many rock shelters and caves exist in Jackson County, in fact, i t is said Jackson County contains more of these rock shelter types of abode than any other County in Ohio. These are mostly cavities cut into the sides of the sandstone cliffs by the action of the streams that made these canyons.

Whether these rock shelters were used for permanent homes or transitory stopping off places for those going to the sal t springs is a question. They are mostly high and dry now, as the streams have worn their way far below them in some cases . The most that show occupancy are nearer the salt springs.

Many dark gorges and high hills still contain many of the native trees and plants that formerly covered the Ohio country. In the spring and fall many different colors are plentiful. A naturalist 's paradise. To visit in such surroundings takes one into another world. Your imagination will play havoc with your thoughts. A place to commune with nature.

In this day and age when one is continually faced with the hazards of the traffic to the extent they are almost afraid to merge with it , and the hectic battles with speeded—up living, a visit to some of these out of the way solitudes is some­thing to soothe the frayed nerves. These more inconspicious places can give more enjoyment and pleasure to you than driving hundreds of miles in a race with time to see some of our more notable national parks. Some people may enjoy the racous crowds of these parks but one really interested in the wonders of nature will be greatly disappointed.

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UNDISCOVERED BEAUTIES OF FLINT FLAKING by

M.W. Hill Alexandria, Virginia

In the Eastern States where many stone materials are of coarser grained materials, the flaking by the stoneworkers of the past is hard to see by the eye.

Among these are quartzite, felsite and argillite, which from their crystal* line nature required different technique to form and flake from chert, chalcedony and other fine grained stone. Some colors are more difficult to see than others and so some flint work is more easily seen in one color than another.

One simple method of bringing out the hidden beauties of flaking is to make rubbings of the pieces and for the benefit of those readers who have not practiced rubbing, here is one way to do it.

If the flint is large, most any kind of tough thin paper will serve, but if the flint is small, I found the thin, tough bond paper, so called air—mail or onion skin/,, gets the best resul ts . The flat butt of a lead-penci l is used, held ve r t i ­cally lo the slopes of the flint and if the lead ddn't make a sufficiently black mark, trim the wood back slightly, vertically to the lead.

The wide carpenters pencil is better than the ordinary pencil. Wrap the paper about the flint so only one thickness of paper is between the pencil and the flint. The ends beyond the length of the flint, fold back and under. The fingers should squeeze the paper as tightly as possible to the sipdes of the flint, both tip and butt ends. Begin the rubbing down the middle of the flint (con't over)

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to seat the paper to the surface, working from the middle to the edges, taking care not to cut the paper along the sharp edges. Keep up the rubbing until the whole face of the flint shows in black sufficiently to outline the flaking. The hardest part of the operation is to avoid slippage in the paper which will blurr the outlines by overlapping lines.

A photo of three blades is shown where the flaking is difficult to see with the eye but is brought out by rubbing.

The blade to the left is a 5 3/4 inch Yuma of white chalcedony and the flaking very fine, Found in St. Clair County, Illinois.

The center piece is a 5 1/2 inch mottled chert knife which has a thicker edge with crude flaking from Boone County, Missouri.

The right hand knife is of cholocate brown flint from Tennessee , about 7 inches long with finely sharpened edges all around and fine retouched edge which does not come out well in the rubbing due to the fingers not holding the paper tight enough on the sides of the blade.

These examples are not the best that could be gotten from these flints but just average results that anyone can produce that you cannot see upon the flints themselves.

To obtain the flaking upon the other side or face of the piece of paper use another piece of paper and repeat the process. Then, if desirable you can cut out the rubbing and paste it alongside of the first one or cut the paper to size and paste alongside.

Rubbings can be made in many other ways but in general I believe the best results will be obtained as described above.

A large piece of bulk chalk like the builders use will make good rubbings of large flints and of course you can use any color available either with pencil, crayon or chalk. The flat surface of the rubber is the only essent ial for the flakes must be bridged so only the high points are indicated and the low points or ho l ­lows are not colored.

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(Con't from Pg. 58) of persons selling raw flakes, I feel his name should be black listed and exposed to others. I find that in the case of some large collections, money talks. In my estimation, having a large collection does not necessarily make any one person an authority on Indian artifacts. Some large collectors can be wrong and I cannot picture any collector prizing a piece or passing it on to others when he knows it is a fake, I am not condemning all large collectors, for I know of some very nice collections that are owned by the type of men you would like to meet. But I just want to blow my top when I see a piece on display, knowing it is a fake. I am still an Indian relic collector and not interested in a stone quarry. G. E. Adair.

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Editors Note The above article on flint flaking by M. W. Hill is not quite clear to the editor, but possibly some members may be better acquainted with the pro­cedure and I am sure Mr. Hill could possibly give further information. The way I understand it, i s that the three flints, namely 2, 3 and 5, reading from the left, have the high-lights brought out by the rubbing.

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AN ARKANSAS DISPLAY by

Arthur R. Long Mammoth Spring, Arkansas

Hold your spears , fellows, and let an Arkansas hunter come in and get acquainted, This is a picture of me with one of my boards. I have several thou­sand spears, knives and arrows and I do find some fine bannerstones here in Old Arkansas, but I have never yet found a birdstone in this area.

It is not too much trouble to find a couple hundred arrows in a half day and what more pleasure can be experienced than to take the wife and spend the day hunting the old camp grounds and who finds the odd piece, she does.

I would like to visit all the members of the Society and see their wonderful collections, but too much work, so if any of you members ever come down this way, be sure to stop and see us on the banks of Spring River.

Question:

Are the large drills we find, drills? Or were they robe pins such as a farmer using a nail for a button?

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Don I. Blue Collection Marietta, Ohio

»A° ff+*

l;on I. Blue Col lec t ion hio

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A DISPLAY FROM THE COLLECTION OF Don I. Blue, Marietta, Ohio

This is the first appearance of Mr. Don I. Blue in our publication, but he is one of our older members and judging from this first display, it is hoped we may have some more of this fine collection in some futureissues .

This is mainly a descriptive showing and we all like to look at " s t o n e s " and what better way to get acquainted than this, in lieu, of a personal visit .

On page No. 66, you will notice a beautiful spear that would do credit to any collectibn, in s ize, shape and material. This was found on a high hill back red spoTs o v e r l o o k i n g the Muskingum reiver. White shading to pink with

th» TkA.h&T b e l ° W t h e a b ° V e S p e a r i s a l s o a v e r y n i c e display. Notice he grooved trophy type axe in the center. Material in this frame was found in

1911 about 5 miles up the Ohio River above Marietta. There was a big fiat rock in the f,e d they had been plowing around and in removing the rock, they found a skeleton (which went to pieces upon exposure) with these pieces around it.

On page No. 67, at the top is the manner in which Mr. Blue has most of his smaller artifacts mounted. Frames 12 x 12 inches. Glass both front and back, l n e frame in the lower left corner is all of odd shaped pieces.

Ohio T h e f r a m e b 6 l O W t h e a b ° V e C O n t a i n s d r i l l s " M o s t f r o m Washington County,

The Adena type spear to the right was found in 1954 by an Amish farmer near Sugar Creek, Ohio. Bluish white with spots. Evidently Flint Ridge c h a l ­cedony. Length 6 1/4 inches.

There was one small point that Mr. Blue would have liked very much to have turned out good in a picture but it didn't. He states that a couple of years ago three young boys brought it in to sell to him, and told him where they found it •

lhere is a small run that goes up back of Mound Cemetery and they were looking for crawdads and one of the boys fell over an old log. Upon arising he saw some­thing sticking out of the log and discovered it to be this piece of flint, but in d i c ­ing it out, they broke off the point. I offered them $5.00 if they could bring me the og or the part that had the arrow in it, but they could never find it again. Here is

the outline i f i t " , says Mr. Blue.

This portion of the ^ ^ ~ r - ^ - ^ T h i s P ^ i o n was edge is not chipped/ / ^ T ? ^ ^ ^ . broken off in the but fractured and i / / /—^ V_ L*f , 1^E>^ «.~~~. „i e n .

. x. , I y/< J i \ V T / C 7 ^ > \ removal from the on both edges t o ­ward the point from here is fine chapping.

H. C. W.

1 4

O'er fields of new turned sod, communing with my God,

I tramped alone: found an arrow—head, Chiseled from stone.

2

Then fancy fled on wings back to primeval things,

Seeking the light What warrior drew the bow,

sighed, and let it go On its last flight?

3

How oft this flinten head, on deadly errand sped, I may not know

Nor will the silent flint reveal the slighest hint, How long ago.

Were its grim story told what ta les would it unfold

Tales that would chill I know but this one thing,

beyond all questioning, 'Twas made to kill.

Ages have worn away, warriors gone their way;

Their bones are dust Proof of a craftsman's skill

survives the ages still Left in my trust.

By Enos B. Constock (Boy's Life) Sent in by G. G. Detwiler Parkersburg, Wedt Virginia.

STONE AGE SKULL UNEARTHED IN CHINA Tokyo, Feb. 14. - (UP) A petrified human skull older than the famed Pekin Man has been found in western China, Radio Peiping said today.

The Commun: st broadcast said the skull belonged to the old Stone Age and a n t e ­dates the Peking S:antropos which was unea-thed in Hopei province some two decadeb ago.

INTERESTING

By the way, the Porphyry "Bowt ie" bannerstone has been found in Situ. Very early Archaic period just after Yuma, by the flints in the layer. Have a letter on my desk concerning :.t. A. C* Smith

QUESTION

There has always been a question in my mind regarding the migration from Asia to the western hemisphere. Here is another angle to puzzle one.

Potatoes , yams, corn (maize), beans, tomatoes, squash, pumpkins, lima beans, pineapple, peanuts, quinine, coca (cocao), are natives of the western hemisphere only. Evidently the people coming across the land bridge didn't bring a single one of these with them as they were totally unknown in Asia. If they had brought anything along with them, at least , they could have had a few hidden grains of wheat, etc . I have an idea of some answers that just popped into my mind at this moment. I can hear some-say " The time of crossing was before Homo sapiens ever cultivated crops for food." That would be one of many outs for them. H. C> W.

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DANISH GROUND FLINT AND STONE TOOLS

On the opposite page is a plate showing some fine flint hatchets, chisels and gouges, and some ground stone axes of various types. They belong to our fellow member, Harry Horning of Easton, Pennsylvania.

Now a few of us may have a strain of the real red-skinned Ameri can in our ancestry, and if so, we can look at a fine axe or spear and won der if that Indian great-great - - grandaddy made and used it. But most of us are of the stock that came from the British Is les , Germany or Scandinavia, and we can be certain that our own ancestors of 4,000 years ago used just such tools and may have even made and used one of these.

This plate shows the evolution of the shaft-hole type of axe from the early single edged wedge shaped type with a rounded poll, through the " c a n o e " type with a dull edge on one bit and a hammer face on the other, to the fine specimen in the center of the bottom row with thin bits , one sharp, edged and the other with a thickened beaded edge. This type is an imitation in stone of a bronze axe found in the Near East and is the latest stone battleaxe.

DESCRIPTION

The right side or upper half of picture is flat view while the left side or lower half of the picture shows same in an edge view. The two perspective views serve to bring out the types to a better advantage.

Lower row — 2 single edged axes - round polls

2 late type axes — canoe type

Above s c a l e - 2 late type axes - double bit

Middle row - Chipped and polished gouges

Chipped celts

Polished celt

Chipped and polished chisels

Chipped and polished gouge chisels

Upper row - Chipped and ground flint celts

Chipped but not ground flint celt

Antler pick

A. G. Smith * * * * * *

Editors Note.

Diversity is the spice of life and out of the ordinary is always food for thought. One can easily become biased while an overall knowledge widens the scope of ones views. This is a worthy comparison from our forebear ers of the European Stone Age similarities in artifacts with our Western world artifacts.

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ADENA MOUND FINDS by

Kenneth McNeal Dayton,Ohio

On the opposite page you are looking at what I consider some of my lucky "surface f inds". These artifacts were found under very peculiar circumstances that somewhat belies the caption of this article.

It will take some explanation regarding a mound dig before I can explain these finds. A few years ago some friends of mine had located a mound of fair s ize which they thought would be ideal to dig if they could get the permission to do so . They talked it over with the farmer who owned the land and it was agreeable to him, so they made their arrangments to do a good job of excavation. They also learned from the owner of the adjoining farm that it was formerly twice as large and he also informed them that approximately 50 years before, the southern half of the mound had been scooped away, the reason for which he couldn't recall and neither could he r e ­member if anything had been found at the time. Also realizing that the mound was half destroyed and no remaining evidence, my friends did not feel they were unnec­essarily destroying the remainder, but might possibly salvage something from the re­mainder, or at least learn something of value concerning it.

The project was entered into with great enthusiasm and I dropped down to help them several times, so I can attest to the following difficulties from my person­al experience. What they thought would be a short dig turned into a full summer of really hard labor. The earth in the mound was a very compact, hard clay and in some sections it resembled a puddled clay. As the digging was carried on very carefully for fear of destroying evidence, it was extremely slow work. Any indication of any possible inclusion was watched very carefully as the digging progressed at several levels , entering from a northwestern direction of the undisturbed remaining half.

At one place a large red ochre lump was encountered which all crumbled at a touch when exposed to the air, but had no resemblance of any particular object. Scatterings of charcoal was encountered throughout. No pot sherds. At another place an infants burial, with no association was encountered but upon exposure, the fragile bones turned to dust. After some more furtive digging, which included practically all the remainder of the mound, the job was given up with nothing of value uncovered, other than the experience and a lot of hard work.

Several weeks after the dig had been given up my two boys kept insisting on visiting the spot again, so one Sunday, Freddie, Jack and I, drove down to the s i te . There had been considerable rain in the meantime and after crawling over the fence and nearing the freshly dug earth, we were in quite a mess of sticky mud which had been aggravated by the cattle who had tramped over the entire surface. After looking around for awhile I happened to glance into a water filled hoofprint and there standing on edge was the large s late pendant, just as if the cow had stepped on one edge and upended it to be washed off. You can imagine my elation Picture on opposite page is full s ize. Nothing else of any value, other than a few flint chips were found on this visit .

The whole affair bothered me the next day at work and I could hardly wait until evening as I had built up a vision in my mind of possibly finding something more, and I remembered how the "Oldtown Spear' (possibly the finest Flint Ridge dovetail found in Ohio) was found by a boy who hunted over a mound after a heavy rain, that had been excavated in Green County. I swallowed a few bites of supper and rushed back. Was I ever glad I did? I found the copper awl and chisel. I dug around where the cow had un covered the pendant. Didn't find a thing so set down to rest awhile and glanced over at a low lump and thought I saw a pebble, which, when I dislodged it, turned out to be a very nice granite chisel. Also the same evening I noticed a small section, about a foot square, of dark earth and it was in this lump I found the muchly corroded copper awl.

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