3rd International Conference · 3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences Skopje, Macedonia 17-21 July 2018 iii Welcome to ICETAS 2018 On behalf

3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology

and Applied Sciences

ICETAS 2018 Skopje/Macedonia 17-21 July 2018

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3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences Skopje, Macedonia 17-21 July 2018

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ii

Book of Abstracts

ISBN:978-605-4444-12-0

Book of Abstracts of the International Conference on

Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences

(ICETAS 2018)

Edited by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayhan EROL

Asist. Prof. Dr. Ahmet YÖNETKEN

Published Afyon Kocatepe University, July 2018,

[email protected]

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the

material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a

computerized system or published in any form or in any manner, including, but not limited to

electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the

publisher www.icetas.com [email protected] The individual contributions in this publication

and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not

responsible for possible damages, which could be a result of content derived from this

publication.


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Welcome to ICETAS 2018

On behalf of the organizing committee The Conference organized every one years, respectively;

Afyon Kocatepe University in 2016 – Afyonkarahisar, Technical Universityof Cluj-Napoca in

2017 Romania, 17-21 May 2018 in Skopje/Macedonia we are pleased to announce that the 3rd

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences (ICETAS 2018) is

held from 17-21 July, 2018 in Skopje/Macedonia ICETAS 2018 provides an ideal academic

platform for researchers to present the latest research findings and describe emerging

technologies, and directions in Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences issues. The

conference seeks to contribute to presenting novel research results in all aspects of Engineering

Technology and Applied Sciences. The conference aims to bring together leading academic

scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research

results about all aspects of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. It also provides the

premier interdisciplinary forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest

research results, ideas, developments, and applications in all areas of Engineering Technology

and Applied Sciences. The conference will bring together leading academic scientists, researchers

and scholars in the domain of interest from around the world. ICETAS 2018 is the oncoming

event of the successful conference series focusing on Engineering Technology and Applied

Sciences. The scientific program focuses on current advances in the research, production and use

of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences with particular focus on their role in

maintaining academic level in Engineering and Applied Sciences and elevating the science level.

The conference's goals are to provide a scientific forum for all international prestige scholars

around the world and enable the interactive exchange of state-of-the-art knowledge. The

conference will focus on evidence-based benefits proven in clinical trials and scientific

experiments. Best regards,

Chairman of Conference

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayhan EROL


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HONORARY COMITTIEE

Prof. dr. Azis K.POLLOZHANI Rector Mother Teresa University Prof. Dr. Mustafa SOLAK Rector Afyon Kocatepe University Prof.Dr.ing. Vasile TOPA Rector Cluj Napoca Tecnical University

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Abdurrazzag Ali ABURAS KwaZulu Natal University SOUTH AFRICA Adem KURT Gazi University TURKEY Ahmet AKSOY Akdeniz University TURKEY Ahmet YILDIZ Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Alexander ONUFRAK Pavol Jozef Safarik University SLOVAKIA Anas Sarwar QURESHI Agriculture University PAKISTAN Artay YAGCI Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Asım Gokhan YETGIN Dumlupinar University TURKEY Aytekin HITIT Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Behçet GULENC Gazi University TURKEY Bojan ZLENDER Maribor University SLOVENIA Cahit GURER Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY Dinçer BURAN Süleyman Demirel University TURKEY Dunja PERIC Kansas State University, Manhattan ABD Dusan ORAC Kosice Technical University SLOVAKIA Elena Cristina RADA Trento University ITALY Gabor PAY University College of Nyiregyhaza HUNGARY Hazizan Md AKİL Sains Malaysia University MALAYSIA Huseyin Ali YALIM Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Huseyin AKBULUT Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Huseyin BAYRAKCEKEN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Ilhan KOŞALAY Ankara University TURKEY Ioan ABRUDAN Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA Ivan KURIK, Technical University Zilina SLOVAKIA Iveta VASKOVA Kosice Technical University SLOVAKIA João Pedro SILVA Leiria Polytechnic Institute PORTUGAL Lucian Ionel CIOCA Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu ROMANIA Marco RAGAZZI Trento University ITALY Martina HRUBOVCAKOVA Kosice Technical University SLOVAKIA Matjaž ŠRAML Maribor University SLOVENIA Merlinda EBIBI Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA Metin OZGUL Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Mihai BANICA Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA Mircea HORGOS Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA Monica Lopez ALONSO University of GRANADA SPAIN Muhammed YURUSOY Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Mustafa ERSOZ University of Selcuk TURKEY Mustafa TÜRKMEN Kocaeli University TURKEY Mustaque HOSSAIN Kansas State University, Manhattan ABD Nicolae UNGUREANU Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA Neritan TURKESHI Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA


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Olivera PETKOVSKA Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA Olga OROSOVA Pavol Jozef Safarik University SLOVAKIA Otar ZUMBURIDZE GeorgiaTechnical University GEORGIA P. Trinatha RAO Gitam University INDIA Peter MONKA Technical University Kosice SLOVAKIA Prasanna RAMAKRISNAN Neo Education Institu MALAYSIA Ramazan KAÇAR Karabük University TURKEY Radu COTETIU Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA Regita BENDIKIENĖ Kaunas Technology University LİTVANIA Renata PANOCOVA Pavol Jozef Safarik Üniversity SLOVAKIA Rıdvan UNAL Usak University TURKEY Robert CEP Technical University Ostrava CZECH Selçuk AKTURK Mugla University TURKEY Serdar SALMAN Marmara University TURKEY Serhat BASPINAR Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Sermin OZAN Fırat University TURKEY Sezai TAŞKIN Celal Bayar University TURKEY Suleyman GUNDUZ Karabük University TURKEY Sukru TALAS Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Stanislaw LEGUTKO Poznan University of Technology POLAND Tomasz NIZNIKOWSKI Lomza State University Applied Science POLAND Tomaz TOLLAZZI Maribor University SLOVENIA Ugur CALIGULU Firat University TURKEY Yılmaz YALCIN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Yuksel OĞUZ Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Zoran TRIFUNOV Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE

Ahmet YONETKEN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Arzu YAKAR Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Ayhan EROL Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Elena Cristina RADA Trento University ITALY Gabor PAY Nyiregyhaza Collage University HUNGARY Gunnur PESMEN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Gratiela BOCA DANA Cluj-Napoca Technical University ROMANIA Hazizan Md AKIL Sains University MALAYSIA Iveta VASKOVA Technical University of Kosice SLOVAKIA Miorita UNGUREANU Cluj-Napoca Technical University ROMANIA Nadras OTHMAN Sains University MALAYSIA

3rd International Conference on Engi

Organized by

Supported by

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences Skopje, Macedonia 17-21 July 2018

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3rd International Conference on Engi

Prof.

Keynote Title: A cutting-edge technology

Prof.

Keynote Title: Case Study Scenarios Using Bigt Data Approach

International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences Skopje, Macedonia 17-21 July 2018

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INVITED SPEAKERS

Prof. Dr. Ayşe Filiz Gürel

technology : how CRISPR applications will change the future?

Prof. Dr. Abdurazzag Ali Aburas

: Case Study Scenarios Using Bigt Data Approach

3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences (ICETAS)

July 17-21 2018 Skopje Macedonia

A CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY : HOW CRISPR APPLICATIONS WILL CHANGE THE FUTURE?

A. Filiz GÜREL (INVITED SPEAKER)

Istanbul University Faculty of Science Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Vezneciler

34134 Istanbul Turkey

[email protected]

Abstract:

Tremendous advances continue in genome engineering in our era. Genome editing is a group of

technologies that enable change to an organism's DNA. CRISPR is one of these technologies that

allows targeted modifications in genetic material in an effective way. By CRISPR, DNA sequences can

be added, removed, or altered at specific locations in the genome. These controlled and inherited

modifications can be induced using special endonucleases (SSNs) and are completed by cellular DNA

repair mechanisms. Recently, CRISPR has been exploited to induce genomic modifications in animals,

plants and human. Undoubtely, CRISPR is a revolutionary tool in the generation of genome-edited

organisms, while on the other hand it contributes to basic science.

Genome editing techology receives great attention in the prevention and treatment of human

diseases including single-gene disorders such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis. Complex diseases (eg

cancer, heart diseases) can also be investigated and prevented by genome editing approaches in the

future. However, it is important to determine whether genome editing is safe and healthy for use in

people.

Since most of the changes introduced with genome editing are limited to somatic cells, these

changes are not passed from one generation to the next. However, changes made to genes in

germline cells could be passed to the progeny. Because of the ethical concerns, germline cell editing

are currently illegal in many countries. In respect of the future of genome engineering, CRISPR could

be used in many applications of medicine and agriculture to solve problems or make improvements.

One of them is the correction of genetic errors causing diseases. The world food supply is

insufficient, and will be more problematic as the World population continues to grow. Increase the

yield of important crop plants such as tomato, has been demonstrated using CRISPR approach.

Recently, CRISPR has been used as a diagnostic tool which is highly sensitive and cheap that would

be very beneficial for global public health.

Keywords: Genome editing, CRISPR, biotechnology, genetic disorders, crop improvements

1



ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO GROWTH PARAMETERS OF STONE MOROKO: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

SEMRA BENZERa, RECEP BENZER

aGAZI UNIVERSITY

bNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study was evaluated the population structure and growth with length - weight relationships

(LWR), von Bertalanffy equations (VB) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) of stone moroko in

Hirfanlı Dam Lake. The individuals were collected from Hirfanlı Dam Lake ranged age of between I to

V years. The von Bertalanffy growth function growth coefficient k was 0.5 and asymptotic length L∞

was 9.13 mm fork length (FL). The weight-length relationship is given by the regression equation W =

0.01275334 × L3.0005 for all individual. Growth equations in length (mm) and weight (g) are: Lt =

9.13 [1–e–0.380 (t + 0.5)]. Minimum and maximum size was 2.7 and 9.2 cm FL for all individuals. It

was examined the growth properties (length and weight) of stone moroko by modern (ANNs) and

traditional approaches (LWR and von Bertalanffy growth model) in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. This study

presents the first LWR, VB and ANNs references for this species in Hirfanlı Dam Lake.

Keywords: Growth, Artificial Neural Networks, Length Weight Relations, Stone Moroko

*

2



NEWS PERSPECTIVES FOR ESTIMATING GROWTH PROPERTIES OF SAND SMELT (ATHERINA BOYERI (RISSO 1880))

SEMRA BENZERa, RECEP BENZERb

aGAZI UNIVERSITY

bNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In present study, it is aimed to estimate of length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters by using

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The present study was examined LWR and ANNs for growth. Thus,

the present study determines the properties of the sand smelt, Atherina boyeri (Risso 1880) in water

system. The samples were collected from two different water systems. During the study, 1843 fish

specimens were caught. The LWR were estimated from the formula W = a Lb. The features of both

biological and artificial neural networks were evaluated and compared. Neural Networks metrics

such as structures, layers, size of neurons, functional capabilities of neurons, their learning

capabilities, information storage were used as basis for comparison. The sum squared error (SSE)

and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used in the study as the two performance criteria

by MATLAB. LWR and ANNs models was found for females, males and all individual. LWR was found

between fish length and weight in two different system (W=0.01026462 L2.8659 and W=0.01399306

L2.80). The results obtained by ANNs and LWR equation are compared to those obtained by the

growth rate. It was found that MAPE value of the forecast of ANNs was 0.182 and 0.130 for length,

0.034 and 1.902 for weight for two different system. It was found that MAPE value of forecast of

LWR was 1.763 and 1.530 for length, 4.885 and 4.072 for weight for two different system. Thus,

ANNs gives better results than LWR. ANNs can be alternative as a evaluated for growth estimate.

Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Artificial Neural Networks, Estimating, Sand Smelt

*

3



THE ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LYOPHILIZED EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES (L-EPSS) OF 4 LACTOBACILLI STRAINS

ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN’S FECES

ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGa, KUBRA CELIKb

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the broiler health if taken in

sufficient quantities. In some probiotics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic components have been

identified against oxidative stress. Lactobacilli are microorganisms with anti-oxidant activities that

regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidant

activities of bacterial suspension, bacterial culture filtrates, lyophilized EPS (l-EPS), and bacteria

suspension+ l-EPS produced by 4 lactobacilli strains at chicken-origin.

The anti-oxidant activities bacterial culture filtrate, lyophilized EPS (l-EPS), and bacterial +l- EPS of 4

lactobacilli strains were determined by modifying the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical

elimination effect (Li et al., 2012) method, Fe + 2 ion chelating activity according to the method

proposed by Decker and Welch (1990), and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity modifying

the method of Wang et al. (2015). One-way ANNOVA was applied to analyze reasults.

The highest DPPH activity was observed in the l-EPS (1 mg/mL) of L. reuteri KC21L strain (84.9%)

while the lowest activity was demonstrated bacterial suspension of L. salivarius KC76L (%22.1). In

study, metal (Fe + 2) chelating activities ranged from 12.5% (bacterial culture filtrate of L. salivarius

KC76L) to 76.3% (bacterial suspension + l-EPS of L. reuteri KC21L). When the superoxide anion

scavenging activity of the strains is compared, the highest activity exhibited bacterial suspension of

L. salivarius KC27L (73.2%) while lowest activity L. salivarius KC76L bacterial filtration (17.6%). It has

been determined that there is a meaningful difference in the order of 0.05 between the methods

studied.

Keywords: Lactobacilli, L-EPS, Anti-Oxidant Activity

*This research is supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Department project coded with

4



AUTO-AGGREGATION, CO-AGGREGATION, AND HYDROPHOBICITY PROPERTIES OF 2 LACTOBACILLUS CASEI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM

INFANT FECES

ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGa, LEILA MEHRNIAb

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

bMOLANA MOHTEŞEM, ASIVANDZADE C., NO:115, BEHDARI, URMIYEH, IRAN

[email protected]

Abstract:

For biotechnological application, selected potential probiotic Lactobacillus casei strains may be

proposed as an alternative to the antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of urogenital tract

infections. Lactobacillus casei strains exert their beneficial effects as a consequence of one or more

mechanisms. Auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity were some of them. The degree

of auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity predict the ability of a strain to adhere to

epithelial cells, and it is a specific property of each microorganism. In the present study, 2 L. casei

strains were assessed with regard to their auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities since these

traits have been shown to be indicative of adherence in other microorganisms and their hydrophobic

characteristics using spectrophotometric method. Both L. casei strains tested showed auto-

aggregation and co-aggregation ability with the Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella enteritidis

ATCC 13086, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 764, but the results were strain-specific. L. casei LB74

and L. casei LB61 showed auto-aggregation ability in 28.91-20.50%, respectively; co-aggregation

abilities of both strains were 14.41-13.33% to E. coli, 16.16-31.08% to S. enteritidis, 19.99-14.58% to

L. monocytogenes, respectively. Adhesion to hydrocarbons demonstrated significant differences in

cell surface properties among the tested 2 L. casei strains. Both strains did not show affinity for p-

xylene and ethyl acetate. L. casei LB74 and L. casei LB61 demonstrated the strong adhesion to

chloroform (67.05%, 45.33%, respectively). Our results indicate that the ability to auto-aggregation

together with cell surface hydrophobicity and co-aggregation abilities with E. coli, S. enteritidis, and

L. monocytogenes strain can be used for preliminary screening in order to identify potentially

probiotic bacteria suitable for human or animal use.

Keywords: Lactobacillus Casei, Auto-Aggregation, Co-Aggregation, Hydrophobicity

*This research is supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Department project coded with

05/2012-69

5



EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BUFFERS ON Β-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITIES OF 4 LACTOBACILLI STRAINS

HAZER YUKSEKDAGa, ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGb, YASEMIN KILICc

aGAZI UNIVERSITY

bGAZI UNIVERSITY

cGAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Probiotics are “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS status) according to The American Food and Drug

Administration due to their long history of safe use in fermented foods and their presence in the

normal intestinal and urogenital microbiota of humans. Several species, including Lactobacillus

plantarum, L. acidophilus, and L. fermentum, have received a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS)

status given by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). β-galactosidase activity is an essential

feature in probiotic strains. Lactose intolerance (β-galactosidase deficiency) is linked to the inability

to break down lactose in the upper regions of the small intestine, which is thus utilized by the

indigenous microbiota. In this research, 4 strains that belong to Lactobacillus species were used. The

aims of our research were to effect of different buffer (potassium phosphate, Tris, Tris-NaCl, Tris-

sodium phosphate, and sodium phosphate buffers) on β-galactosidase activities of these lactobacilli

strains. 4 bacteria were grown in MRS medium with lactose, cell wall being disrupted with ultra-

sonicator. Enzyme activity was determined using as a substrate orto- nitrophenol- beta- D-

galactopyranoside spectrophotometrically. One unit (U) of the enzyme activity was defined as the

amount of enzyme required to release 1 μmol of ONP (o-nitrophenol) per minute under the assay

conditions. The values of β-galactosidase activity ranged from 0.028 to 0.153 U/mL. The highest

value, 0.153 U/mL, was acquired for L. fermentum ZYN17 strain at potassium phosphate buffer. The

lowest activity value was obtained for L. acidophilus BAZ36 and L. rhamnosus GD11 strains (0.028

U/mL) at sodium phosphate buffer. In this study, it was found that used different buffers were

effective in the enzyme activity of the bacteria.

Keywords: Β-Galactosidase, Lactobacillus, Buffers

*

6



PARTIALLY PURIFICATION OF Β-GALACTOSIDASE PRODUCED BY LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM ZYN17

HAZER YUKSEKDAGa, ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGb, YASEMIN KILICc

aGAZI UNIVERSITY

bGAZI UNIVERSITY

cGAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

β-Galactosidase (β-gal) (β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase or lactase, EC 3.2.1.23) is known as

important enzyme for applications in the dairy industry, where it is used for lactose hydrolysis to

produce low lactose or lactose-free products as a response to lactose intolerance of consumers,

which affects approximately 70% of the world population. Another useful property of β-gal is its

transgalactosylation activity, by which health-promoting prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)

can be formed from lactose. To investigate partial purification of β-gal produced by Lactobacillus

fermentum ZYN17, we studied (1) β-gal activity was determined using oNPG (orto- nitrophenol-

beta- D- galactopyranoside) as substrate. β-Gal specific enzyme activity were determined 2,468

U/mg. (2) Bacterial enzyme in the culture supernatant was purified by a series of four steps (80%

Ammonium sulphate precipitation, Dialysis with Thermo Scientific, Slide-A-Lyzer G2 Dialysis

Cassettes (20K MWCO), concentrated with Amicon ® Ultra-4 Centrifugal Filter Units, and heat

treatment). Intracellular extract was assayed for protein content, enzyme activity, and specific

activity. As a result of all the purification steps, it was determined that the obtained sample was

purified 2,678 times and 99.4% of the enzyme was preserved. (3) The molecular mass of the partially

purified β-galactosidase was determined by comparison with marker proteins. The molecular weight

of enzyme was estimated at 110 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Keywords: Lactobacillus Fermentum, Beta-Galactosidase, Purification

*

7



ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF RETINOL (VITAMIN A) AGAINST MMC-INDUCED MICRONUCLEUS FORMATION

DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUa, KUBRA SEVIMLI-CANb, ECE AVULOGLU-YILMAZc, FATMA UNALd

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY dDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Retinol (Vitamin A) has diverse biological functions. Vitamin A and its derivatives are essential for

vision and many other biological processes because they are involved in the proliferation and

differentiation of many cell types throughout life. In this study, potential antigenotoxic effect of

Vitamin A (retinol) was investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes (HPLs) by micronucleus (MN)

test against Mitomycin-C (MMC), an antitumor agent. MN was reported as a classic genotoxicity

assay and increased levels of MN in lymphocytes have been associated with the risk of developing

cancer. Different concentrations of retinol (0.05, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 µg/mL) were used in

combination with Mitomycin-C simultaneously for 24-hour and 48-hour. At 24-hour treatment,

retinol decreased MN frequency significantly at 0.010 and 0.020 μg/mL concentrations compared to

positive control (MMC). At 48-h, retinol reduced the frequency of MN however this reduction was

not statistically significant compared to positive control (MMC). These results indicate that retinol

may have protective and ameliorating effect against MMC induced genotoxicity, especially at short

treatment period in human lymphocytes in vitro.

Keywords: Retinol, Antigenotoxicity, Micronucleus Test

*

8



INVESTIGATING GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF SODIUM PROPIONATE IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO BY SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE

TEST

NAZMIYE ATASEVENa, DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUb, FATMA UNALc

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Food additives are used widely for different purposes such as preservatives, nutritional additives,

colouring agents, sweetening agents, flavouring agents, and texturing agents etc. Sodium propionate

(SP), the sodium salt of propionate is commonly used as a food preservative in modern nutrition.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of SP by using in vitro sister

chromatid exchange (SCE) test in human lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from

three healthy (1 male and 2 female) non-smoking (of ages, 23-27 years) donors. Lymphocytes were

incubated in different concentrations of SP (15.62; 31.25; 62.50; 125; 250; 500 µg/mL) for 24 and 48

hours. A negative (distilled water) and a positive control (mitomycin-C) were also applied for each

treatment. Results showed that SP increased the frequency of SCEs/cell. This increase was significant

in all concentrations and treatment times. The increase in SCEs was concentration dependent at

both treatment periods (r =0.83 and r=0.89, at 24 and 48 h, respectively). SP decreased the

frequency of the mitotic index (MI). This decrease was significant in four highest concentrations at

both 24 h and 48 h periods compared to negative control. However, these decreases were not

concentration dependent. On the other hand, SP did not affect replication index (RI), compared with

the negative control. All these data we obtained show that SP may have genotoxic risk to human

lymphocytes in vitro. However, to clarify these results, other genotoxicity tests such as in vivo tests

need to be done.

Keywords: Genotoxicity, Food Preservative, Human Lymphocytes, Sister Chromatid Exchange

*

9



THE COMPARISON OF GROWTH MODELS OF CRAYFISH IN TURKEY

RECEP BENZERa, SEMRA BENZERb

aNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY

bGAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

This study purpose to compare the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) growth

estimation results of two methods which are Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) and Artificial Neural

Networks (ANNs). The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW); carapace length

(CL) for crayfish were presented with tradional method of LWR and ANNs method. The growth

estimation crayfish was carried out with both methods and the obtained results were compared.

Coefficient correlation (r2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean

absolute percentage error performance criteria (MAPE) were used for comparison of artificial neural

network and linear regression models goodness of fit. The results of the current study show that

ANNs can be a superior estimation tool compared to LWR equation. In the designed ANNs model,

MAE and RMSE values related to training and test data were 0.2903 and 0.3457; 0.2734 and 0.3434

respectively. MAPE value of the estimate of ANNs is found to be 0.411 and 0.314, while MAPE value

of LWR results is 0.440 and 0.957 for length-weight of both genders.

Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Artificial Neural Networks, Estimating, Crayfish

*

10



EVALUATION OF GROWTH MODELS OF KIZILIRMAK KILLIFISH WITH TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES IN SÜREYYABEY DAM

LAKE

RECEP BENZERa, SEMRA BENZERb

aNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY

bGAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to determine the growth of Kızılırmak killifish (Aphanius marassantensis

Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014) in the Süreyyabey Dam Lake by using traditional (Length-Weight

Relationship - LWR) and modern methods (Artificial Neural Networks - ANNs). The samples were

collected from Süreyyabey Dam Lake. The LWR were estimated from the formula W = a Lb. The

features of both biological and artificial neural networks were evaluated and compared. Neural

Networks metrics such as structures, layers, size of neurons, functional capabilities of neurons, their

learning capabilities, information storage were used as basis for comparison. In the designed ANNs

model, MAE and RMSE values related to training and test data were 0.1126 and 0.1521; 0.1209and

0.1554 respectively. The sum squared error (SSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were

used in the study as the two performance criteria by MATLAB software. The results obtained by

ANNs and LWR equation are compared to those obtained by the growth rate.

Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Artificial Neural Networks, Estimating, Kızılırmak Killifish,

Growth

*

11



THE SMART GRID INVESTMENTS OF ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES: AFYONKARAHISAR CASE STUDY

YAVUZ BAHADIR KOCAa, YILMAZ ASLANb, YUKSEL OĞUZc

aAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bDUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY

cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The concept of smart grids has become a topic of great interest in recent years. It has brought a new

perspective into electric power systems. Electric power storage systems, along with distributed

generation (DG), have begun to be incorporated into conventional electric power systems, which

range from electric power generation plants to transmission, distribution and consumption.

Therefore, smart grids that use digital technology have come to the forefront in order to provide

system reliability, security and efficiency. Smart grids are mainly focused on utilities which operate

residential and industrial loads rather than large generation and transmission systems. Owing to the

increase in capacity and number of distributed generation systems connected to power distribution

networks, various problems are anticipated. These are mainly bi-directional load flow, power

protection and power quality related problems. Furthermore, with the increasing dependence of

distribution systems to digital data communication technologies, the cyber-attacks may pose serious

problems on system safety. In this study, the operation of distribution system together with utilities’

investments and projections on smart grids in Afyonkarahisar region are investigated.

Keywords: Smart Grid, Microgrid, Distributed Energy Sources, Distribution Management System,

Renewable Energy Systems

*

12



INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS TO ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

YAVUZ BAHADIR KOCAa, YILMAZ ASLANb, YÜKSEL OĞUZc

aDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND AUTOMATION, AFYON VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, AFYON

KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

bDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING,

DUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY, KÜTAHYA, TURKEY

cDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, AFYON

KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The electric power generation, transmission and distribution sector is rapidly growing due to the

increasing use of residential and the energy demands of industrial plants as a result of technological

improvements. Electric power transmission lines constitute a major link in connecting the power

generation centers and distribution systems. They have an interconnected network structure where

power exchange takes place and the supply demand has been established. In power distribution

systems the required level of medium voltage (MV) is stepped down by power transformers. In

Turkey in primary power distribution networks 34.5 kV has been used throughout the country. In

operation of power distribution systems, well planned infrastructure has paramount importance. For

supplying the electrical energy to the residential and industrial loads and to meet the increasing

power demand from customers, installation of new power distribution lines and power distribution

transformers are required. Hence, for the increased security and high level service quality in power

distribution systems, the maintenance and expansion, investments have to be planned and

projected in advance. In last decades with the increasing level of technology, it is becoming more

important and crucial to supply well balanced, continuous and high quality electrical energy to end-

users. To achieve these goals and for the effective operation, the power distribution system has to

be under control at all times. However, in recent years with the increasing environmental and global

concerns more and more renewable energy based power generation systems have been connected

into power distribution networks at MV level which complicates the operation of such systems. In

particular, in the presence of shunt faults, fast location, restoration and isolation of the line segment

with shunt fault is very important. In this study, the effect of renewable energy based distributed

generation sources on shunt fault currents which have been connected to the main feeder of a radial

distribution system with load taps have been investigated. A radial 34.5 kV power distribution

system with 1 MVA solar power station has been modelled in Matlab and the results are discussed.

It was implemented at a phase-to-phase voltage of 34.5 kV and 477 MCM Hawk, steel-core

aluminum (ACSR) type conductors. The time of the simulation was 0.06 s (3 periods for 50 Hz). The

study was generally performed for three phase-to-ground faults. In addition, all other types of faults

for a fault location were also examined to see the effect of other faults on the results.

Keywords: Distributed Energy, Photovoltaic Systems, Renewable Energy, Electric Distribution

Systems, Microgrid 13



WEATHERING AND DECAY RESISTANCE OF HEAT-TREATED WOOD-FILLED SMA COMPOSITES

MUSTAFA ZORa, AHMET CANb, DOUGLAS J. GARDNERc

aBULENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY

bBARTIN UNİVERSİTY

cADVANCED STRUCTURES AND COMPOSITES CENTER, MAINE UNIVERSITY,USA

[email protected]

Abstract:

There is continuing interest in wood-plastic composite (WPC) products and their use in various

applications. Application of modified lignocellulosic fillers for producing WPC has been explored

attributable to the strength to weight ratio, low density, low price and simple decomposability. Heat

treatment, which is an eco-friendly method for wood modification has been reported to be an

effective method for improving the durability of wood plastic composites. Heat treatment was

conducted at 212°C for 8 h in an attempt to improve the durability of the wood furnish and the

wood flour and SMA compounds were extruded and granulated using a lab-scale grinder. Test

specimens were prepared by injection moulding at 220ºC. The aim of this study was investigating

the effect of heat treated lignocellulosic filler on the surface characteristics and decay resistance of

the wood flour/SMA composites. Weathering tests were performed by cycles of UV-light irradiation

for 8 hours, water spray for 15 minutes followed by conditioning for 3.45 hours in an accelerated

weathering test cycle chamber. The changes of the surface properties of the neat SMA and heat-

treated wood flour SMA composites were evaluated for color changes and attenuated total

reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze chemical

changes on the sample surfaces. The decay tests were performed of white rot fungus, Trametes

versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat and the brown rot fungi, Coniophora

Keywords: Heat Treatment, Wood Plastic Composite, Accelerated Weathering, Decay Test, FTIR-Atr

*This study is supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-BIDEB 2224-A)

14



CATIONIC STARCH/SODIUM ALGINATE ANTIMICROBIAL FILMS FOR FOOD PACKAGING MATERIALS

FERHAT ŞENa, İREM UZUNSOYb, EMRE BAŞTÜRKc, MEMET VEZIR KAHRAMANd

aBÜLENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY

bBÜLENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY

cMARMARA UNIVERSITY dMARMARA UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

This study aimed to develop polyelectrolyte structured antimicrobial food packaging materials that

do not contain any antimicrobial agents. Cationic starch was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR

spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Its nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method.

Polyelectrolyte structured antimicrobial food packaging materials were prepared using starch,

cationic starch and sodium alginate. Antimicrobial activity of materials was defined by inhibition

zone method (disc diffusion method). Thermal stability of samples was evaluated by TGA and DSC.

Hydrophobicity of samples

was determined by contact angle measurements. Surface morphology of samples was investigated

by SEM. Moreover, gel contents of samples were determined. The obtained results prove that

produced food packaging materials have good thermal, antimicrobial and surface properties, and

they can be used as food packaging material in many industries.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Food Packaging, Polyelectrolyte, Starch, Cationic Starch, Sodium Alginate.

*This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK)

15



GERÇEK ZAMANLI WAVELET DÖNÜŞÜMLERI İÇIN FPGA-TABANLI MEKSIKA ŞAPKASI DALGACIĞININ TASARIMI VE GERÇEKLENMESI

HALIL İBRAHIM ŞEKERa, MURAT TUNAb, İSMAIL KOYUNCUc

a1AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI, F:B.E., ELEKTRIK-ELEKTRONIK MÜHENDISLIĞI A.B.D., 03200,

AFYON, TÜRKIYE

b2KIRKLARELI ÜNIVERSITESI, TEKNIK BILIMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, ELEKTRIK TEKNOLOJISI,

39000, KIRKLARELI, TÜRKIYE

c3AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI, TEKNOLOJI FAKÜLTESI, ELEKTRIK-ELEKTRONIK MÜHENDISLIĞI,

03200, AFYON, TÜRKIYE

[email protected]

Abstract:

Bu çalışmada, gerçek zamanlı Wavelet dönüşümleri için en çok kullanılan ana dalgacık

fonksiyonlarından biri olan Meksika şapkası fonksiyonu 32-bit IEEE-754-1985 kayan noktalı sayı

standardı ile VHDL dilinde kodlanmış ve Xilinx ISE Design Tools 14.7 programında sentezlenerek FPGA

üzerinde gerçeklenmiştir. Çalışma da öncelikle Meksika şapkası dalgacığı Matlab-tabanlı olarak

modellenmiş ve oluşturulan veri seti yardımı ile test edilmiştir. Test aşamasından sonra Matlab-

tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı referans alınarak FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı ünitesi 32-

bit kayan noktalı sayı standardı ile VHDL’de kodlanmış ve Xilinx ISE programında VIRTEX-6 çipi

VC6VLX75T aracı için sentezlenmiş ve test edilmiştir. FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı ünitesi

maksimum çalışma frekansı 185.086 MHz olarak elde edilmiştir. Matlab-tabanlı Meksika şapkası

dalgacığı tasarımı örnek veri setini 890 ms’de ve FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı ünitesi ise

1.408 µs’de hesaplayabilmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı

Matlab-tabanlı tasarıma göre yüksek hız kazancı sağlamıştır.

Keywords: FPGA, Wavelet Dönüşümü, VHDL, Meksika Şapkası Dalgacığı

*

16



DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED 3-D NOVEL JERK CHAOTIC OSCILLATOR ON FPGA

ISMAIL KOYUNCUa, YÜKSEL OĞUZb, HASAN ÇIMENc, TOLGA ÖZERd, MURAT TUNAe


bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY dAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

eKIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

: In this paper, the 3-D novel Jerk chaotic system has been coded in Very High Speed Integrated

Circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with 32-bit IEEE-754-1985 floating point number

standard for real-time Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The designed 3-D novel Jerk chaotic system

has been synthesized in the Xilinx ISE Design Tools 14.7 program and has been implemented on the

Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGA chip. In the presented study, 3-D novel Jerk chaotic system has been modeled as

numerical using fifth order Runge-Kutta-Butcher algorithm based on Matlab. 3X1000 data set

obtained from the Matlab-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic system has been is divided into two parts.

These are 3X800 train data set for training of the ANN and 3X200 test data set for testing of the

ANN. The multi-layer feed forward (MLFF) ANN has been modeled as Matlab-based and has been

trained using train data set. The trained MLFF ANN structure has been tested using test data set. The

weight and bias values that used in structure of MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk Chaotic oscillator

designed on Matlab has been taken as reference for FPGA-based 3-D Novel Jerk Chaotic oscillator

unit design. The MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic oscillator unit has been coded in VHDL

language with 32-bit IEEE-754-1985 floating point number standard and has been synthesized for

VIRTEX-6 family (XC6VCX75T device, FF484 package, -1 speed) using Xilinx ISE Design Tools 14.7

program. The maximum operating frequency of the MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic

oscillator unit obtained from Place&Route processes and FPGA chip statistics have been presented.

In future, ANN-based chaotic random number generator can be performed using the proposed MLFF

ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic oscillator unit on FPGA.

Keywords: FPGA, Artificial Neural Networks, VHDL, 3-D Novel Jerk Chaotic Oscillator

*This research has been supported by grant number 17.TEKNOLOJİ.05 from Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific

Research Projects Co.

17



RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF TURKEY ON IN VITRO AND EX VITRO CUT FLOWER PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD

CIGDEM ALEV OZELa

aGAZİ UNİVERSİTY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Turkey lies on the trransection of three floristic geographic regions and show a rich diversity of

species and endemism. Ornamental plants have an important place in this richness. Many of the

local plants including bulbous geophytes are used for aesthetic purposes, as indoor and outdoor

decoration since centuries. A very detailed explanation about flowers has been given in 17th

century book Tezkire –i- Şükufeciyan authored by Übeydullah Efendi. In the course of time, people

have learned how to use and trade ornamental plants, cut flowers, and reduce negative effects of

urbanisation through them around their abodes. Turkey started their commercial production at the

end of the first half of the 20th century. These days Izmir, Antalya, Yalova and Sakarya provinces are

on the top of this list. All of the production in İzmir is meant for domestic consumption and the

Istanbul markets. Whereas, all of the Antalya based production is meant for export. Yalova and

Sakarya produce both for domestic markets and export. Turkish floral plants are exported to 35

countries and the European Union has the largest share. Main or preferable exports from Turkey

includes Carnations, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Gerbera, Solidago, Gladiolus and Freesia. Production

of all cut flowers is done through conventional means in the fields or greenhouses. Turkey has a

little to offer using micropropagation compared to the prominent countries in this industry.

Coordination and cooperation with public and private sector institutions like Universities, Research

Institutes, Agricultural chambers, Tubitak, Development Agencies, Kosgeb, Ar-Ge through advertising

agencies is fastly increasing the share of domestic and foreign markets in local cut flower production

that will definitely have a positive impacts in accelarated raising of future Turkish cut flower

industry.

Keywords: Micropropagation, Public And Private Sector, Turkish Cut Flower Industry, Turkish Flora

*

18



DETERMINING GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF DICAMBA ON ALLIUM CEPA USING COMET TEST IN TISSUE CULTURE

ÇIĞDEM ALEV ÖZELa, ECE AVULOĞLU YILMAZb, ESRA ERIKELc, FATMA ÜNALd, SEMRA MIRICIe,DENIZ

YÜZBAŞIOĞLUf

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION, FACULTY OF GAZI EDUCATION, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA,

TURKEY

bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY -CENTRAL

RESEARCH LABORATORY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY, AMASYA,

cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY dDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

eDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION, FACULTY OF GAZI EDUCATION, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA,

TURKEY fDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid derivative synthetic auxin that is

used in plant cell and tissue culture. It is generally applied as herbicide to kill perennial plants. There

are negative effects of plant growth regulators on environment due to their careless use, however,

very few studies report their negative effects on genetic material. It is possible to determine

genotoxicity using different test systems that measure damages to genetic material. Allium cepa is

used as a model plant in performing these tests including comet assay. This study investigated

possible genotoxic effects of dicamba on Allium cepa root meristems. Hence, bulbs were rooted on

agar solidified MS medium for 5 days. Thereafter, the bulbs were transferred to Murashige and

Skoog (MS) medium (control) or MS medium containing 0.67, 1.34, 2.01, 2.68, 3.35, 4.02 and 8.04

mg/L dicamba for 24 hours. All concentrations of dicamba had significant damaging effects on roots

that measured as comet tail intensity and tail moment compared to the control group. Almost all

concentrations of dicamba showed damaging effects on DNA.

Keywords: Dicamba, Allium Cepa, Comet Assay, Tissue Culture

*The authors would like to thank the Gazi University Research Fund for financial support under Grant No.

04/2016-03.

19



PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM SULPHATE BASED BORON WASTE IN GYPSUM

M. SERHAT BAŞPINARa, TAHIR ULUÇTANb, MÜCAHIT UYARc, ELIF ÖZKANd




[email protected]

Abstract:

Turkey is one of the biggest boron minerals producers in the world. Due to the huge amount of

production, large amount of boron waste is generated and recycling of this waste becomes an

important issue. Gypsum industry can uses industrial mineral waste materials for several purposes

and this is one of the ways to recycling of these industrial mineral wastes.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the usability of sulphate rich boron waste in gypsum

product. Effect of boron waste addition in the gypsum product was investigated in this study. Waste

was supplied from Etimaden Emet Bor Company. Chemical and mineralogical characterization was

done. Calcination study was performed at different temperatures (90-120 oC) to obtained different

grade reactive hemihydrate gypsum. Different amount of waste (5-10-15%) was added to the

commercial gypsum and effect on the mechanical properties, density and workability was

investigated. Different Water/Gypsum ratio (0,7-0,9) was studied to optimize the workability

properties. Hydration temperatures were measured with time to determine the reactivity of the

waste materials in gypsum products. As a result of the study it was concluded that the waste

materials is in the dehydrate gypsum form and the addition of the calcined boron waste reduced the

workability of the gypsum paste and increased the water demand of the mixture. Reactivity and

hardening rate of the calsined waste materials was faster than the used commercial gypsum. When

the 90 oC calcined waste was used, density and the strength of the samples was decreased with

increased amount of calcined addition. However, when 120 oC calcined waste was used, strength of

the samples were increased. Gypsum based boron processing waste can be used as additive in

gypsum product with suitable set retarding chemical admixtures.

Keywords: Gypsum, Boron Waste, Recycling, Properties

*

20



EFFECT OF EXPANDED PERLITE ON THE FLY ASH BASED GEO-POLYMER FOAM CONCRETE

M. SERHAT BAŞPINARa, CANSU DEMIRb, İSMAIL DEMIRc




[email protected]

Abstract:

Geopolymers are inorganic polymers which can be produced by reaction between alumino silicate

oxides (natural minerals or industrial wastes) and alkali silicates in alkaline medium. This reaction

results in amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional polymeric structures, which consist of Si-

O-Al bonds. Suitable materials for geopolymerization contain alumina and silica as barrier phases,

like natural rocks or secondary raw materials (fly ash, slag and red mud).Cellular structure of

geopolymer foam can be prepared by chemical foaming agent. Reaction between aluminum powder

and alkali activator or decomposition of hydrogen- peroxide in geopolymers cause porous

structures.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the geopolymer foam concrete production by the

addition of expanded perlite. Geopolymer foam concrete production has unique problems such as,

stability of pores, high shrinkage and drying cracks. This study mainly focused on the elimination of

those three problems by the addition of expended perlite to the system. Fly ash (FA) and blast

furnace slag (BFS) were used as base geopolymerization materials. H2O2 (hydrogen- peroxide) was

used as foaming agent. Different sample series were prepared by changing the mix ratios of fly ash

and blast furnace slag. Physical and mechanical properties were tested. Mineralogical and

microstructural characterizations were done by XRD and SEM techniques.

As a result of the study, it was concluded that crack free dry geopolymer foam concretes were

obtained at 90%FA and 10% BFS composition. Increased addition of BFS resulted in crack formation.

Expanded perlite addition reduced the drying shrinkage significantly and prevented the crack

formation. 529 Kg/m3 and 1,55 MPa density-strength values were obtained which conforms the TSE

13655 (Foam concrete brick standards) . Studies showed that, expanded perlite addition is effective

way to reduce the drying shrinkage and cracks and at the same time reduce the density of the

geopolymer foam concrete blocks.

Keywords: Geopolymer, Foam, Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, Perlite

*

21



ASSESSMENT OF GENOTOXIC AND ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PULLULAN ON ISOLATED HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES

AGAINST HYDROGEN PEROXIDE USING COMET ASSAY

DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUa, ECE AVULOGLU-YILMAZb, ESRA ERIKELc, FATMA UNALd

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE AND ARTS FACULTY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Pullulan is a water-soluble, viscous polysaccharide, an alpha-glucan, consisting of glucose units with

a relatively simple linear structure. It produced in aerobic medium from Aureobasidium pullulans.

Pullulan is frequently used as an additive in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its

molecular properties. It is reported as nontoxic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, and non-

immunologic according to the studies performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the

potential genotoxic effects of pullulan, using in vitro comet assay. On the other hand, its possible

antigenotoxic effect against H2O2 (oxidant compound) genotoxicity was also investigated by using

the same assay. Comet assay was performed on isolated human peripheral lymphocytes from three

donors, two women and a man. Different concentrations of pullulan (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000

µg/mL) were administered cells for half an hour. The same concentrations were also used in

combination with 100 µM H2O2 for investigating antigenotoxic effects of pullulan. Application of

these concentrations together with H2O2 was performed in two different ways: 1) pre-treatment

(pullulan addition half an hour before H2O2 administration) 2) simultaneous treatment (pullulan

addition at the same time with H2O2 for a half an hour). Pullulan did not increase comet tail

intensity and tail moment compared to negative control. In contrary, it induced significant decrease

in both parameters at all concentrations (except 2000 µg/mL) compared to positive control in

simultaneous treatment. In pre-treatment, pullulan decreased tail intensity at all concentrations and

tail moment at three highest concentrations. These results indicate that pullulan has no genotoxic

effect in human lymphocytes. In contrary, pullulan may have protective and ameliorating effect

against H2O2 induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. However, there is a need for further work

with different test systems.

Keywords: Genotoxicity, Antigenotoxicity, Pullulan, Human Lymphocytes, Comet Assay

*The authors thank to the Gazi University for the financial support under grant No: 05/2017-14.

22



EVALUATION OF GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SWEETENER XYLITOL ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES

ECE AVULOGLU-YILMAZa, FATMA UNALb, DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUc

aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE AND ARTS FACULTY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Xylitol, like other polyol sweeteners, is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol. Natural sources of xylitol

include plums, strawberries, raspberries, rowan berries and more fruits and vegetables. Xylitol has

the same relative sweetness as sucrose, and it has been used as a sugar substitute, sweetener, for

dietary and medical purposes. In the present study, short-term genotoxicity assay (chromosomal

aberration assay = CA) was conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of xylitol in

cultured human lymphocytes. Peripheral venous blood was collected from healthy non-smoking

adults, one male and two female aged 27 years. Various concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000

µg/mL) of xylitol were applied to lymphocytes obtained from three donors for 24 and 48 h. A

negative (distilled water) and a positive control (MMC) were also maintained. Total of 300

metaphases were examined for each concentration (100 metaphases from each donor). The number

of CAs and frequency of abnormal cells were determined. 24 h treatment of xylitol did not affect the

frequency of chromosomal aberrations (except 1000 µg/mL for the number of CAs) compared with

negative control. 48 h treatment of xylitol increased the number of CAs and frequency of abnormal

cells, however this increase was significant at the two highest concentrations compared to the

control. According to our previous data, xylitol significantly increased the sister chromatid

exchange/Cell (SCE/cell) ratio at two highest concentrations at both 24 h and 48 h periods compared

to negative control. These data demonstrated that xylitol may have genotoxic risk to human

lymphocytes in vitro at high concentrations. However, other toxicity tests should also be applied for

detail analysis.

Keywords: Genotoxicity, Sweetener, Human Lymphocytes, Sister Chromatid Exchange.

*

23



COASTLINE CHANGE DETECTION BY USING DIGITAL SHORELINE ANALYSIS SYSTEM (DSAS) AND REMOTE SENSING

TUNCAY KULELIa, SEYMA BAYAZITb

aBODRUM MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, MUGLA SK UNIVERSITY

bFACULTY OF MARITIME BANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, under the Iztuzu Coastal Management plan conducted by Mugla Sitki Kocman

University, processes such as erosion / accretion and coastline change were investigated in İztuzu

(Turtle Beach) beach. The aerial photos of 1939, 1972, 1975, 1992 and 2009 from the General

Command of Mapping and as seasonal images from Drone vehicles were used. As a time series,

coastlines obtained by digitasing from data sources in different dates were analyzed using the Digital

Shoreline Analysis System (DAS) working in geographical information system. For coastline change

analysis, 16 units of transect were used at 250m intervals on the Iztuzu coast, which has a coastal

length of about 4.5 km. A 77 years of erosion/accretion change in each transect was calculated as

meter/year. The change in a period of 77 years has been determined between + 0.30 m/year and -

0.30 m/yr. Since this change is below the resolution, scale and error rate of the satellite images and

aerial photographs used, no significant coastline change has been observed. As a result of the

analysis, except for the seasonal sand dune movements, it has been determined that the Iztuzu

coastline changes are stable and there is no erosion/accretion. Consequently, according to data

obtained from field studies, the Iztuzu coast is in a balanced state for natural processes and the

reason for this is that for many years (the same as the aerial photograph of 1939 years), any human

being on the beach be evaluated as a sample field in terms of protection and use balance.

This research was supported by project number 16/081 by the Coordination Unit of the Scientific

Research Projects of Mugla Sitki Kocman University.

Keywords: DSAS, Coastline, Change Detection, Iztuzu

*

24



THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN BODRUM PENINSULA

TUNCAY KULELIa, SEYMA BAYAZITb

aBODRUM MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, MUGLA SK UNIVERSITY

bFACULTY OF MARITIME BANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Climatic changes entail impacts which may vary regionally, with potentially both positive impacts for

some sectors and regions, and negative impacts for others. Maritime infrastructure is not insulated

from climate changes; type, range and magnitude of impacts vary according to local conditions,

transportation systems, designs and policies, as well as the capacity to adapt and minimize costs.

Like other coastal infrastructure, port facilities, including docks and bridges, may have to be raised to

accommodate higher tides and storm surges, as sea levels rises. Bodrum, which is home to four

largest ports in the Aegean Sea, relative to sea level rise could lead to significant disruptions and

damage. Bodrum coastal zone elevation to sea level rise was illustrated by using digital elevation

model and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods. It was intended to determine maritime

infrastructure at risk by using high resolution SRTM topographic, orthorectified Landsat TM, and

field survey data with GIS methods within 0-10 m. elevation of peninsula level. As a result of the

analysis, it was found that in large part of land area lies below 10 m. contour line in the Bodrum, that

is hence highly vulnerable to sea-level rise. Due to rising sea levels, floods and inundations entail

heavy consequences for transport infrastructure which may cause damage to terminals, intermodal

facilities, freight villages, storage and warehousing areas. Increased sediment mobility and changes

in erosion-sedimentation patterns around port area and access channels could also complicate

maritime operations and raise operating costs because of the need for dredging. Adaptation involves

enhancing the resilience of infrastructure and operations through, inter alia, changes in operations,

management practices, planning activities and design specifications and standards. This may involve

integrating climate change considerations into investment and planning decisions, as well as into

broader transport design and development plans.

Keywords: Climate Change, Bodrum, Sea Level, Port, Cruise

*

25



DETERMINATION OF ACCURACIES FROM DIFFERENT WAVELET METHODS IN EMOTION ESTIMATION BASED ON EEG SIGNALS BY

APPLYING KNN CLASSIFIER

TALHA BURAK ALAKUSa, IBRAHIM TURKOGLUb

aKIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

bFIRAT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

Emotion has an important role in people’s daily lives and affects the brain functions all the time.

They are stated by the people through words, facial expressions, audio signals and body language

with intentionally or unintentionally. There are many applications which are generally used in

different areas based on EEG signals exist in order to determine the distinct emotions. Yet the

performance of these applications is not at the desired level because of some artefacts, data

corruption and wrong choice of classifier and feature extraction techniques.

The purpose of this study is to determine the best wavelet decomposition method with given

feature extraction methods and database. In this study, we used publicly available dataset (DEAP) to

classify different emotions. To do that 32 different EEG channels were examined and arousal-valence

emotion space was used. Our proposed method consists of four stages. In the first part, signals were

normalized to scale every point of the signal in the range of [0,1]. After that, three different (Symlet,

Daubechies and Morlet) wavelets were applied to decompose the original signals into the subsignals.

In the third part, some information measurement and statistical methods were used to determine

the feature vector space. In the last stage, feature vectors were used as an input to KNN (K Nearest

Neighbour) classifier to discriminate emotions. Classification accuracies were observed and their

performance was compared. Comparison results determined based on 4-fold cross-validation

technique and classification accuracy. Classification performance was found 75%, 76% and 78% for

Symlet, Daubechies and Morlet respectively.

Keywords: EEG, Emotion Recognition, Classification, K Nearest Neighbours, EEG Channels, Wavelet

Decomposition, Entropy.

*

26



GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY: METHODOLOGY AND APLICATIONS

HÜSEYIN ALI YALIMa, AYLA GÜMÜŞb, RIDVAN ÜNALc

aPHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bPHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cHEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, UŞAK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Gamma-ray spectrometry is a well-established analytical method that enables identifying and

quantifying of gamma emitting isotopes in a variety of matrices. Main purpose of the gamma ray

spectrometry is to determine the radioactivity concentration and measurement uncertainty of the

gamma-emitting radionuclide. Several gamma emitting radionuclei can be detected from a single

measurement of a little sample using gamma ray spectrometry. The measurement provides a

spectrum of lines whose amplitude is proportional to the activity of the radionuclide and its position

on the horizontal axis corresponds to its releasing energy.

Wide variety of the radionuclide, energy range, radioactivity concentration level, sample shape and

sample composition of the naturally occurring and artificial radionuclides can be measured with the

gamma spectrometric technique. Gamma ray spectrometry is commonly used for monitoring in

nuclear facilities, health physics applications, nuclear medicine and bioscience studies, material

researches, environmental sciences, and industrial uses of radioisotopes.

Keywords: Gamma-Ray Spectrometry, Radionuclide, Radioactivity Concentration, Environmental

Sciences, Health Physics

*This study is supported by Afyon Kocatepe University Science Research Projects Coordination Unit with the

grant [17.KARİİYER.95]

27



INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URANIUM/THORIUM AND RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL

HÜSEYIN ALI YALIMa, AYLA GÜMÜŞb, RIDVAN ÜNALc




[email protected]

Abstract:

Humans are exposed both to natural radiation from the radioactive elements that have existed in

the earth's crust since the formation of the earth and the high-energy cosmic rays and to artificial

radiation from medical applications and sparrows after nuclear tests, and all living things are being

constantly living together with natural radiation since born. The basic levels of natural radiation vary

depending on the geological and geographical structure of the region. The mineralogical structures

of the soils and rocks, as well as geographical height, affect the basic radiation level of the zone. The

most important of those affecting human beings are radon gas derived from uranium and thorium.

The determination of natural background radiation levels is of great importance for all living things.

In order to determine whether the living zone is healthy in terms of natural radiation, the

concentrations of the radionuclides in the surrounding environment, which form the natural

radiation sources, and the effects of radiation on people with all the living things must be

determined. In this study, it was aimed to determine the background radiation level of the soil

(238U, 232Th and 40K) in the city center of Afyonkarahisar and to evaluate the relation between the

obtained uranium and thorium values and the radon concentration values determined in soil gas.

Keywords: Natural Radioactivity, Uranium, Thorium, Radon, Soil, Afyonkarahisar

*

28



REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM WATER BY HYDROXYAPATITE OBTAINED FROM FISH FLAKES

YAĞMUR UYSALa, ERTUĞRUL ATICIb

aENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE FACULTY,

KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIVERSITY

bENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE FACULTY,

KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Lead (Pb) ions one of the high priority dangerous heavy metals in terms of human and

environmental risks. Environmental protection legislation and public environmental issues

encourage the search new techniques for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.

Many adsorbents have been used to remove lead ions from aqueous media. These adsorbents have

been used in raw materials or on modified surfaces. There is an increasing demand to find

adsorbents that are relatively efficient, low cost and easily available for lead adsorption. In this

study, lead removal was investigated by using a novel adsorbent of hydroxyapatite produced from

waste fish flakes. Synthetic solutions were prepared by diluting the lead stock standard solution, and

the concentrations of lead ions were measured by spectrophotometer using the standard method.

Lead removal efficiencies were calculated using standard batch adsorption method in order to find

optimal pH, optimal adsorbent dose, optimal time and optimal initial concentration. According to

the experimental results, it was found that lead removal from water by hyroxyapatite was optimal in

the conditions of pH 4.0, adsorbent dose of 0.1 g, 60 min and in initial lead concentration of 20 mg/L.

The removal efficiencies were determined as in the range of 93-95%.

Keywords: Adsorption, Fish Flakes, Heavy Metal, Lead Removal

*

29



REMOVAL OF ZINC FROM WASTEWATER USING MAGNETIC HYDROXAPATITE NANOCOMPOSITE

YAĞMUR UYSALa, AHMET CANBAKIŞb

aKAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE FACULTY DEPT.

OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

bKAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE FACULTY DEPT.

OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

Wastewaters from industrial uses contain high concentration of heavy and dangerous metals. These

residual solutions cannot be discharged into the sewer without an appropriate treatment. Because

these materials tend to accumulation in the environment and lead to serious damages. Zinc is one of

the essential elements for living organisms, but the high concentration levels of Zn(II) (5 mg/L)

according to the World Health Organization (WHO) has been listed as a very hazardous and toxic for

the human health. Therefore, (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

have determined limit value for zinc in drinking water. Because of these reasons, zinc containing

wastewater should be treat for zinc and other heavy metals. In this study, the adsorption which is an

easily applicable and effective method for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater has been

selected. Magnetite hydroxyapatite nanocomposite has been chosen as an adsorbent because it has

low cost, high stability, easy to use, and effective sorption power. The magnetite hydroxyapatite

nanocomposite was chemically obtained under laboratory conditions. The batch adsorption

experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions to find out optimum pH, optimum adsorbent

dose, optimum initial concentration and optimum mixing time. As a result of these studies, the best

removal values were obtained at pH 6.0, adsorbent dose of 6.25 g/L, initial Zn(II) concentration of 25

mg/L, and 30 min. This study was showed that the magnetite hydroxyapatite nanocomposite is an

effective adsorbent for the removal of zinc from wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorption, Heavy Metal, Magnetic Hydroxapatite, Zinc Removal

*

30



EFFECT OF COOLING RATE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS

ALPAY TAMER ERTURKa, FAHRI VATANSEVERb, SEDAT KARABAYc

aKOCAELI UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL ENG DEPT

bKOCAELI UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL ENG DEPT

cKOCAELI UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL ENG DEPT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Cooling rate of molten alloys has a vital role on microstructure, quality and properties of casting

products. Increasing cooling rate generally results in thinner microstructure so that mechanical

properties such as hardness and tensile strength increase. However high cooling rates of molten

alloy have such good results, it may cause problems as casting defects. In this study, a hypo-eutectic

aluminum-silicon alloy was cast and solidified at same conditions but two different cooling rates.

Microstructures of these two samples were characterized by an optical microscope and secondary

dendrite arms spacing (SDAS). SDAS was measured as a criterion for evaluating dendritic

microstructures. Also, hardness tests were carried out. According to obtained results, higher cooling

rate decreases SDAS and increases the hardness of the material.

Keywords: Cooling Rate, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Aluminum Alloys

*

31



THE EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC MELT TREATMENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM

ALLOYS

FAHRI VATANSEVERa, ALPAY TAMER ERTURKb, SEDAT KARABAYc

aKOCAELI UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL ENG DEPT

bMECH. ENG. DEPT., KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

cMECH. ENG. DEPT., KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Ultrasonic melt treatment can be simply defined as transferring ultrasonic vibration energy into

molten alloy in order to improve microstructural and mechanical properties of the alloy. This process

is also called as ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic stirring or ultrasonic vibration treatment. It provides

a thinner and more homogenized microstructure. Thus improved the mechanical properties as

hardness, yield strength, elongation. The process also decreases segregation and increases density

by removing dissolved gases. An alloy can be treated by ultrasonic vibration at the liquid state or

during solidification. Also, a molten alloy can be treated by both directly (using a radiator) or

indirectly. The effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of

aluminum alloys by means of its advantages, difficulties and grain refinement mechanisms are

discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Ultrasonic Vibration, Aluminum Alloys, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties

*

32



NANO TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

BOCA GRATIELA DANAa, SINAN SARACLIb

aTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY CLUJ NAPOCA, NORTH CENTER UNIVERSITY BAIA MARE, FACULTY OF

SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, ROMANIA


[email protected]

Abstract:

Nanotechnologies represent engineering on a very small scale. They can be applied in many areas,

such as: health and medicine, information and communication technology and energy and the

environment. Nanotechnologies are currently considered "emerging technologies" that can

revolutionize a large number of application domains. Nanotechnologies can have some

revolutionary implications for our society in terms of applications or tools that can be accomplished.

Nanotechnology is impacting businesses and will offer new and improved products and processes

and will allow companies to innovate and enter with new generation products on a new global

market. The paper present the impact of nanotechnology in Maramures County between 580

students from 11 High Schools with different specialization.. The research identify the barriers and

the needs of innovation knowledge transfer for sustainable education system. The identify factors EE

(external environment), IE( internal environment), SE(social environment), CE (cultural environment)

can influence the orientation of students in their carrier. The cultural barriers in technological

culture give the opportunity to develop and implement new tools and methods for future

generation.

Keywords: Innovation, Knowledge Management, Transfer Of Information, Barriers

*

33



AGEING AND TACKINESS PROPERTIES UPON WEATHERING OF NATURAL RUBBER CUP LUMP /EPDM RUBBER BLEND

RAHMAH MOHAMEDa, AHMAD KHUSYAIRI ABD RAHMANb, NUR KHAIRUNNISYA HANAFIc

aUNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA( UITM)

bUNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA ( UITM)

cUNIVERISTY TECHNOLOGY MAR ( UITM)

[email protected]

Abstract:

Natural antioxidant function to improve the aging properties of polymers. In this work, effect of

mangosteen peel powder as natural antioxidants on ageing properties of Natural Rubber (NR) Cup

Lump blended with Ethylene Propylene diene monomer ( EPDM ) rubber as a sealant had been

studied and compared without mangosteen peel powder. Aging effects, tackiness and weight loss

upon weather exposure had been analysed. Increasing amount of mangosteen peel powder had

maintained sealant properties such as tackiness properties, reduced weight loss and resist aging by

weathering exposure.. Mangosteen peel powder contained polyphenol proven in preventing

degradation. Weathering tests performed for two weeks showed weathering degradation effect

through loss of diene from isoprene group in samples without mangosteen powder incorporation.

From this studies, NR with mangosteen powder had successfully acted as an antioxidant in

preventing NR earlier degradation

Keywords: Natural Antioxidant ; Mangosteen Powder ; Weathering ; Degradation ; Natural Rubber

(NR) Cup Lump

*University

34



CORRUGATED PAPER ADHESIVE STRENGTH AND SOLID CONTENT USING DIFFERENT FORMULATION OF STARCH AND PVA

RAHMAH MOHAMEDa, NUR KHAIRUNNISYAb

aUNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA

bUNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA ( UITM)

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this research, starch adhesives were prepared using different formulation of sago starch(SS) and

PVA for corrugated paper board. Starch adhesive had long been use for adhesion of paper box but

the strength of these boxes are weak and may vary according to type of starch, presence of additives

and their solid content. An adhesive is produce by mixing sago starch of various composition with

polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The adhesive is applied to the paper boxes and the sample was dried at

room temperature. Characterizations of the specimen were observed via Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy (FTIR) , Lap Shear Strength and Total Solid Content. From the result, PVA helps the

adhesive to enhance its mechanical properties. Higher content of PVA formulation had increased

the lap shear strength of the adhesive and cohesive strength of starch/ PVA adhesive is stronger

than cohesion strength of corrugated paper. Through starch modification, the mechanical properties

and solid content are being control to about 24% and drying time are shorter for higher PVA content.

Keywords: Corrugated Paper Adhesive ; Sago Starch ; Total Solid Content ; FTIR; Lap Shear Strength.

*University

35



IDENTIFICATION OF WILD PLANTS WHICH AS VEGETABLE CONSUMED IN VAN PROVINCE IN TURKEY

BURCU TUNCERa

aVAN YUZUNCU YIL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE

[email protected]

Abstract:

This study was carried out in Gurpinar district of Van province for the determination of wild plant

species which have economic importance, medical value and sold in public markets. For this

purpose, during April 2016 - August 2016 trips were organized to district, the wild plants that were

gathered intensively in the region and consumed as vegetables were detected, the original

photographs of the plants were taken and the usage areas of the plants were determined by taking

information from the local people. As a result of the study, the wild plant species naturally grown in

the region were identified as Rheum ribes L., Eremurus spectablis M. Bieb, Ferula orientalis L.,

Chaerophyllum macrospermum (Spreng.) Fisch., Arum elongatum Steven, Crocus biflorus Miller

subsp. Tauri (Maw) Mathew, Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae, Thymus migricus Klokov Et Des.-Shost.

Additionally, the usage areas in the literature, morphological characteristics and nutritional values of

these species have been compiled. In addition to these species, there were also taken original

photographs of the different wild species sold in public markets in Van province (Central) and

determined their economic importance.

Keywords: Wild Plants, Medical And Economic Value, Morphology

*

36



WORLD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND LIVESTOCK STATISTICS

SELÇUK SEÇKIN TUNCERa

aDEPARTMENT OF CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION, OZALP VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF

YUZUNCU YIL

[email protected]

Abstract:

This study was conducted to present the current state of animal production in the world, which is

very important for an adequate and balanced diet. Nearly half of the world’s food production is

carried out in Asia; however, in terms of daily animal production per capita, the USA and Australia

are 2 times higher than the world average. In terms of sheep-goat meat and pork production, Asia

produces more than half of the world’s production and approximately 45% of wool production. In

beef and chicken-turkey meat production, America is the leading continent whereas Europe is the

leading continent in terms of dairy production. In developed countries, the share of plant and animal

production as economic value in agricultural production is almost equal, whereas in less developed

countries, animal production comprises 17% of total production. These results can be explained by

the developments that developed countries have in agricultural production technology. Therefore,

agriculture should be supported in underdeveloped and developing countries.

Keywords: Agricultural Production, Livestock, Statistics, World

*

37



EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ETCHING ON LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LLDPE) /CHITOSAN BLEND FILM

SITI AISHAH BINTI MOHD ISAa, RAHMAH MOHAMEDb, RAJA ROSLAN MOHAMEDc

aUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

bUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

cUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

[email protected]

Abstract:

Nowadays, waste natural polymer such as chitosan had created alternative material for food

packaging as it is more safe and environmental friendly, cheap, biodegradation and biocompatibility

properties. In this work, Chitosan had been employed and blended with Linear Low Density

Polyethylene (LLDPE) with different composition via twin screw extrusion. Chitosan having

antimicrobial properties had to be sandwiched to optimize antimicrobial properties as too low

antimicrobial activity earlier were found for blended chitosan/LLDPE film. Surface treatment of

LLDPE via acid chemical etching technique were performed. Effect of film surface by chemical

etching were examined through morphological SEM analysis. Structural feature was analyzed with

FTIR and surface adhesion were found to be enhanced with higher chemical etching concentration.

Keywords: Surface Modification, Hydrophilicity, Adhesion , Chitosan

*

38



THERMAL CHARACTERISATION OF BLOWN LLDPE/CHITOSAN BLEND FILM

SITI AISHAH BINTI MOHD ISAa, RAHMAH MOHAMEDb, RAJA ROSLAN MOHAMEDc

aUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

bUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

cUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

[email protected]

Abstract:

Waste natural polymer such as chitosan can be the future material in food packaging as it is

biodegradable and have antimicrobial properties. In this work, melt compounding of Chitosan had

been blended in this work with Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) using twin screw

compounder for use in film blown extrusion.The Film blowing process was used to produce

packaging film. Different composition of Chitosan and LLDPE were fabricated into films. Thermal

characterization of chitosan/ LLDPE were performed with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) .

Crystallinity of the films, their compatibility and melt temperature for each blends showed

LLDPE/Chitosan blend lower than pure LLDPE composition and Thermal Gravimetric .

Keywords: Surface Modification, Hydrophilicity, Adhesion , Chitosan , Antimicrobial Film

*

39



ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM SEED OF SWEET FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL. VAR. DULCE)

BELGIN COŞGE ŞENKALa, CÜNEYT CESURb, HÜLYA DOĞANc, TANSU USKUTOĞLUd

aBOZOK UNIVERSITY, FIELD CROPS DEPARTMENT

bBOZOK UNIVERSITY, FIELD CROPS DEPARTMENT

cBOZOK UNIVERSITY dBOZOK UNIVERSITY, FIELD CROPS DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) belonging to Apiaceae family is a valuable

medicinal and aromatic plant. Its seeds and essential oil are used in foods or drinks, cosmetic and

pharmaceutical products. In this study, essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from seed of

sweet fennel grown on the trial field were analyzed by GC-MS. Trans-anethole, estragole and

fenchone were recorded as main components in the essential oil investigated. The disc diffusion

assay was used to screen for antibacterial activity against four bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes and

Staphylococcus aureus which are Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas

aeruginosa which are Gram-negative bacteria. Our findings showed the following order in the

sensitivity to the essential oil, as indicated by the corresponding inhibition zones: S. pyogenes ˃ S.

aureus ˃ E. coli ˃ P. aeruginosa. Also, the inhibilon zones of the essenlal oil varied from 7.27 mm to

11.17 mm.

Keywords: Fennel, Essential Oil, GC-MS, Antibacterial Activity

*

40



AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL LOSSES IN POWER CABLES

MEHMET MURAT ISPIRLIa, AYSEL ERSOY YILMAZb

aMARMARA UNIVERSITY, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

bISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, ENGINEERING FACULTY, ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

Electrical power transmission is maintained by underground cables or aerial cables. Transmission

using aerial cables is still carry on its popularity. However, the rise in the population living in cities

and the growing demand forced electrical suppliers to use underground and underwater crossings

more practical than overhead transmission lines. In this study, thermal losses in power cables are

experimentally investigated by using a test set up. In these experiments, the effect of aerial and

underwater environment on performance is investigated on high voltage power cables. In order to

investigate the current-temperature relationship of the power cable in the air and water, the cyclic

heating experiment is applied. The aim of this experimental study is to determine temperature on

sheath and conductor for two different environments.

Keywords: Power Cable, Heating, Underwater Application, Current-Temperature Relationship

*Also, we thanks to “Marmara University, Technology Faculty” for publication fee.

41



AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ULTRAVIOLET EFFECT ON SILICONE-RUBBER ISOLATORS

ASLIHAN ÇELİKa, MEHMET MURAT ISPIRLIb, AYSEL ERSOY YILMAZc

aISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING,ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

bMARMARA UNIVERSITY, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

cISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, ENGINEERING FACULTY,ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

Polymers are frequently used in many equipment in high voltage lines. Recently, polymer isolator is

produced from silicon-rubber materials in order to reduce isolator loads. These silicon-rubber

isolators used in the outdoor environment are exposed some heavy conditions. One of these

environmental conditions is sun rays. Sun rays are called ultraviolet radiation in the literature. In this

study, silicon-rubber samples were aged 200 and 400 hours under the ultraviolet radiation stress by

waiting. Later, these aged samples and un-aged samples were tested in the prepared test setup. It

was prepared according to IEC 587 Inclined Plane Test Method. Experiments were repeated for each

samples groups.

Keywords: Ultraviolet Effect

*

42



41

HEAT TRANSFER OF A NON-NEWTONIAN MHD BOUNDARY LAYER FLUID FLOW WITH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE CONTROLS OF

NANOPARTICLES

NOOR FADIYA MOHD NOORa, NAJWA AHDA RAMLYb

aINSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA (UM),

MALAYSIA

bINSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA (UM),

MALAYSIA

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this paper, active and passive controls of nanoparticles in a Sisko fluid flow are considered. An

external magnetic force is applied normal to the stretching surface beneath the non-Newtonian

flow. The governing equations of the model in the form of partial differential equations, are later

transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity

variables. A numerical scheme is employed to solve the ODE system. The flow velocity, temperature

and nanoparticles profiles are examined. The heat transfer of the flow is analysed. Comparison

between the effects of active and passive controls of nanoparticles in the non-Newtonian flow is also

discussed.

Keywords: Boundary Layer, Non-Newtonian, Nanofluids, Passive Control, Stretching

*This work is funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2015/SG04/UM/02/1: FP016-

2015A)

43



COTTON FABRICS COATED WITH MYRISTIC ACID/ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, SURFACE

WETTABILITY AND RESISTIVITY DATA

YASEMIN SEKİa

aDOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In order to enhance properties of textiles, nano-coating the surface of textiles is an alternative way

for production of technical textiles having different functional properties. Nano-particles can provide

high durability for treated fabrics, with respect to conventional materials. It is noteworthy that

matrix material can play a significant role in affecting nano-particles distribution on surface of a

fabric. Myristic acid is a commonly used saturated fatty acid has a sufficiently high hydrophobicity.

According to our best knowledge, no study was found on the applicability of myristic acid as a matrix

material for dispersion of ZnO nano-particles on the surface of the fabrics. [In this study, cotton

woven fabric was coated with myristic acid added with ZnO nano-particles to examine mainly

conductivity performance. In treatment, the amount of myristic acid varied in order to determine

the effect on static contact angle measurement and electrical conductivity. Additionally, the

morphological and chemical properties were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and

fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The amount of myristic acid varied in order to

examine the influence on the properties of the cotton fabrics. According to the results, new

absorption peaks were introduced on the fiber presenting free COO band, –CH bending of CH2 and

CH3 groups and C–O–C bands of myristic acid. Based on SEM images, nanoparticles well distributed

in the myristic acid. The myristic acid/ZnO nano particles coating increased contact angle values that

means enhancement in the surface hyrophobicitiy. The main result is that the treatment decreased

surface resistivity of the cotton fabric from 11 x1011 ohm sq-1 to 7x109 ohm sq-1. Accordingly, it is

determined that myristic acid/ZnO nano-particles treatment enhanced electrical conductivity of the

cotton fabrics.

Keywords: Cotton, Zinc Oxide, Myristc Acid, Surface Resistivity

*

44



SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF OKRA FIBERS: IONIC LIQUID MODIFICATION

YASEMIN SEKİa, AHMET ÇAĞRI KILINÇb, SERHAN KÖKTAŞc, RAMAZAN DALMIŞd


bDOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY

cDOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY dDOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Okra fibres are botanically named as Abelmoschus esculentus and extracted from the stem of the

okra bahmia plant, a plant of the Malvaceae family. Okra is a good alternative for manufacturing of

doors for house hold purposes with light weight. However, okra fibers are modified to enhance fiber

surface properties in order to enhance interfacial properties with polymeric materials in composites.

In addition to commonly used surface treatments, ionic liquids can be good alternatives for cellulosic

fibers. The ionic liquids are generally used for manufacturing regenerated cellulose fibers and also

enhancing dyeability, antifungal property, electrical conductivity and UV protection performance of

fibers. To our best knowledge, there is no research to examine the ionic liquids on okra fibers. The

aim of this study is to examine the effect of ionic liquid treatment on chemical, thermal, structural

and morphological properties of the okra fibers. For this purpose, methyl-tri-n-butylammonium

methyl sulfate (BIL), was used an ionic liquid to modify surface characteristics of cellulose based okra

fibers. The chemistry and crystalline structure of the fibers were studied by fourier transform

infrared (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of modification on thermal degradation

behaviour of the fibers was revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface topography

was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the experimental results, the

maximum degradation temperatures of the okra fibers decreased after ionic liquid treatment.

However, char yield values increased that can mean enhancement in the flame retardancy of the

okra fibers. The surface of the fiber was coated and the intercellular spaces were filled with ionic

liquid. Crystallinity index of the okra fibers was not significantly affected by the ionic liquid possibly

due to the surface treatment effect. The intensities of the functional groups of the fibers presented

increasing tendency after treatments.

Keywords: Okra Fiber, Ionic Liquid, Modification

*

45



AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM SUPPORTED BY IOT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ÖMER AYDINa, UMUT KIRAÇb, CEM ALI KANDEMİRc, FERIŞTAH DALKILIÇd

aFACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

bCOMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

cCOMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY dCOMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Today, along with the depletion of water resources in the world; it is predicted that the need for

clean water will increase. Unconscious irrigation in the field of agriculture is rapidly consuming clean

water resources. It also reduces the yield in agricultural products. With the effects of global

warming, water becomes more valuable.

Along with the development of technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has begun to spread in all

areas. Superior decision-making can be established by the fact that computers are more advanced

than humans and open to development. The moisture, temperature and mineral values in the soil

can be measured with very small tolerances and it is possible to make inferences accordingly. While

it is very difficult for humans to give water as much as needed and when it is needed, it is an activity

that computers can do. In this paper, studies were made to combine IoT technology with artificial

intelligence. The information gained with the help of microcontrollers and sensors was processed by

machine learning and automatic decision making structure was created for future situations.

The gains obtained in this paper are; avoiding unconscious water use in the field of irrigation; to

increase production efficiency in irrigation with optimum level of irrigation; to reduce water loss and

thus costs in the field of production; to minimize the amount of human power consumed; to prevent

mistakes made from human weaknesses; to provide manual control through remote access where it

is difficult to physically reach the area to be irrigated.

Keywords: Irrigation, Internet Of Things, Sensor, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence

*

46



A HYBRID RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CRYPTOSYSTEMS: XORSHIFTLPLUS

ÖMER AYDINa, GÖKHAN DALKILIÇb

aFACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

bCOMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Lightweight devices such as radio frequency identification tags, smart cards, wireless sensor nodes

and devices belong to Internet of Things concept continue to grow day by day, so there exists a

serious need for effective and lightweight security structures for them. In this paper, an effective

and lightweight pseudo random number generator seeded by the non-random hardware source is

proposed. Built-in temperature sensor is used to seed the lightweight pseudo random number

generator as a hardware source. The proposed hybrid generator is built on the structure of xorshift.

This generator is ultralight version of xorshift with fewer number of shift, XOR operations and the

short bit length of the seeds. The new and lightweight generator is called the xorshiftLplus in which

“L” stands for “lightweight”, demonstrated great suitability for lightweight devices considering its

randomness, performance and resource usage. This random number generator is tested for the

three EPC™ Gen-2 Class 1 conditions that is mentioned in EPC™ Gen-2 Class 1 document and with

NIST randomness test suite. It is implemented on WISP passive RFID tag to investigate time and

resource usage.

Keywords: Xorshift, Lightweight Hybrid Random Number Generator, Internet Of Things, WISP, Nist

*This study is supported by The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with the project

number 215E225.

47



MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MICROMONOSPORA, NONOMURAEA AND STREPTOMYCES STRAINS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT

HABITATS

FADIME ÖZDEMIR KOÇAKa

aBILECIK ŞEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Actinobacteria is among the largest group of Bacteria with 5 subclasses, 6 orders, and 14 suborders.

Micromonospora strains, an important member of this family, are widely distributed in natural

habitats such as marine sediment, forest soil, volcanic sediment and rhizosphere of different plants.

Members of the genus Nonomuraea are widespread in nature, e.g. in soil, rhizosphere, marine and

river sediments. Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria with 838 species and 38

subspecies. Soil is the main flora of Streptomyces.

In the present study, Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from different

habitats. Samples were dried and decontaminated prior to isolation which was conducted using

dilution plate technique. SM3, GYM agar, Bennett agar and TYG agar were utilized as selective

isolation media and strains were obtained after incubation at 28 ° C for 6-8 weeks. Identification in

genus level was made via 16S rRNA sequence analysis.

Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolates had been related to

Micromonospora, Nonomuraea and Streptomyces genus. Micromonospora sp. coded as KSC21 had

98.9% relationship with M. vinacea. Nonomuraea sp. GBT12 isolate revealed close similarity (99.4% ;

7 nt difference) with type strain of N. muscovyensis. Nonomuraea sp. GBTUV-09 had been identified

as close relative to N. dietzia (97.5%; 34 nt difference). Streptomyces sp. GBT02, GBTUV-09, KSC08,

PRG02 and PRG26, PRG04 and VYN22 isolates were found to be related to S. netropis (99.1%; 12 nt

difference); S. pratensis (99.9%; 1 nt difference); S. amritsarensis (99.4%; 8 nt difference); S.

glomeroauranticus (98.5%; 21 nt difference); S. jianaisiensis (99.4%; 8 nt difference) and S. galilaeus

(99.5%; 9 nt difference), respectively.

Results indicated a strong chance of Micromonospora sp. KSC21, Nonomurae sp. GBTUV-09,

Streptomyces sp. GBT02 and PRG02 isolates being new species. Their identification using polyphasic

methods will be performed in the near future.

Keywords: Soil, Micromonospora Sp., Nonomurae Sp, Streptomyces Sp., 16S Rrna.

*

48



MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROVIRGA STRAIN ISOLATED FROM SAKARYA RIVER SEDIMENT

FADIME ÖZDEMIR KOÇAKa, UĞUR ÇİĞDEMb, CIHAN DARCANc, NEVZAT ŞAHİNd

aBILECIK ŞEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY

bBILECIK ŞEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY

cBILECIK ŞEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY dONDOKUZ MAYIS UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Microvirga genus that belonged to the family Methylobacteriaceae was first idendified by Kanso and

Patel (2003) with the type species Microvirga subterranea isolated from geothermal waters. The

cells of Microvirga species are Gram-stain negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped

cells and reduce nitrate to nitrite. Predominant isoprenoid quinone of Microvirga genus members is

Q-10 and G+C contents DNA of their are approximately 61.5–64.3 mol%. Microvirga could be

isolated from different habitat such as soil, rhizosphere and geothermal waters (Dahal and Kim.,

2017; Radl et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2009).

During a course of study on the microbial diversity of the Sakarya River sediment of Sakarya river in

Çifteler, Eskişehir, Turkey, sediments collected from different locations such as source water outlet

point, plant rhizosphere and open field sediment of Sakarya river. Sediment samples from 4

different points utilized in selective isolation procedures, sucrose centrifugation gradient and

dilution plate technique were among them. SM3, starch-casein agar, ISP1, ISP2, Bennett agar and

tripton yeast extract agar were used as selective isolation medium. Plates were incubated at 28°C for

6-8 weeks. Taxonomic position of isolates obtained from sediment was determined by 16S rRNA

sequence analysis in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed

that one of the isolates had been closely related to Microvirga genus. Micromonospora sp. coded as

S1S32 had 98.51% (20 nt difference) relationship with M. soli. 16S rRNA sequence similarities

between S1S32 isolate and type strain of recognized species in the databases were 98.04% (27 nt

difference) to Microvirga aerilata.

Based on phylogenetic analyzes, S1S32 Microvirga sp. was identified as candidate of possible new

species. In order to identify this isolate, analyzes involving numerical, molecular and

chemotaxonomic characters will be carried out in the near future.

Keywords: River Sediment, Selective Isolation, Microvirga, 16S Rrna

*Financial support of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University (Project no. 2016-01.BŞEÜ.13-01) was gratefully

acknowledged.

49



RECYCLING OF WASTE MUSSEL SHELLS TO PRODUCE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

CEMAL KOÇHANa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Aim of the study is recycling of waste mussel shells to produce particle reinforced polymeric

composite materials. Biodegradable and recycled materials are getting more and more common in

the composite material production because it helps to reduce environmental pollution.

Biodegradable materials are degrade naturally by time. For this reason, they are not a part of

environmental pollution. On the other hand, recycled materials could be biodegradable or not. Even

they are not, because of reusing of the waste it is still one of the way to reduce pollution. If

recyclable materials selected from waste such as mussel shells, nut shells, egg shells it helps to

reduce production cost, as well. In this study, production of particle reinforced polymeric composite

by recycling waste mussel shells and epoxy resin is presented. Vacuum assisted resin infusion

method (VARIM) was used and %71 volumetric particle ratio was achieved for composite. After then,

five specimens prepared for each compression test three point flexural test. Then, tests were

conducted according to ASTM D 3410 and ASTM D 790, respectively. Average compression load and

max stress of five specimens are 10.46kN and 117.92 MPa, respectively. Average three point

bending test results is 2.11 mm centre deflection and 537 N bending load, respectively. According to

this results, flexural modulus, stress and strain of the composite could be found as 36.72 GPa, 75

MPa and 0.002, respectively. Vikers hardness test was also conducted with 1.961 N load and average

hardness of five points 169 HV was found. In conclusion, according to results of the study it is

possible to suggest that waste mussel shells can be used as a reinforcement material for polymeric

composite materials.

Keywords: Mussel Shell, Particle Reinforced Composites, Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Method,

Mechanical Properties

*

50



INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERMELON (CITRILLUS LANATUS THUNB.)

OF SOME ORGANIC MATERIALS

ÖZLEM ÜZALa, FIKRET YAŞARb, HALIDE TUĞAc, ÖZLEM YAŞARd, RANA BAYTİNe

aUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL ,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE

bUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL ,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE

cUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL , INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE SCIENCES, VAN/TURKEY dUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL ,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE

eUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL , BASKALE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, VAN/TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Crimson sweet (Citrillus lanatus Thunb.) Watermelon variety was used in the work carried out in the

climatic room of the plant physiology laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Agriculture,

Department of Horticulture. 3 different organic materials (vermicompost, gidya, leonardit) and their

different doses (3%, 6%, 9%) and control group (0%) using garden soil were investigated to effects on

some morphological and physiological characteristics of watermelon. The effects of morphological

and physiological characteristics 3 different organic materials (vermicompost, gidya, leonardite) and

their different doses (3%, 6%, 9%) and control group (0%) using garden soil of watermelon were

investigated. Watermelon seedlings were grown in pots each having a volume of 3 kilograms.

Applications 5 replications, 1 plant in each pot and a total of 50 watermelon shrimps were used.

At the end of the work; green part weight (g), plant height (cm), plant stem diameter (mm), plant

leaf number (number), branch number (number), first flowering dates and flower numbers of plants

were analyzed. According to the research findings, effects on growth parameters the applied

organic substances on watermelon were significant. It has been observed that the effect of Gidya

application on the first flowering and number of flowers, which are important criteria in the early

third stage, is higher than the other applications.

It has been observed that the effect of third dose of Gidya application on the first flowering and the

number of flowers, which are important criteria in earliest , is higher than in other applications.

Keywords: Gidya, Leonardite, Vermicompost, Citrillus Lanatus

*

51



EFFECTS ON SOME PLANT GROWTH PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM DOSES IN TOMATO PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

ÖZLEM ÜZALa, FIKRET YAŞARb, RANA BAYTİNc, ÖZLEM YAŞARd, HALIDE TUĞAe

aUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL ,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE,

VAN/TURKEY

bUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL ,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE,

VAN/TURKEY

cUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCUYIL , BASKALE VOCATIONALSCHOOL, VAN/TURKEY dUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL ,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE,

VAN/TURKEY eUNIVERSITY OF VAN YUZUNCU YIL, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE SCIENCES,

VAN/TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine whether by applying different doses of calcium (Ca) to

drought stress (PEG-6000) would increase the tolerance of tomato plants applied drought stress.

In the study, Adamset type F1 hybrid seedling was used. In the study, plants were grown in

hydroponic culture using a Hoagland nutrient solution at a light intensity of 400 μmol m-2s-1 at 65%

humidity at 20 ° C in a 16/8 hour light / dark photoperiod in a controlled climate. Doses of 200 ppm,

250 ppm, 300 ppm, 350 ppm and 400 ppm of Ca were applied to the nutrient solution. When the

plants were in 5-6 leaves, Hoagland was added in the nutrient solution to 7% of the

polyethyleneglycol (PEG-6000). The samples were taken after the plants had been under the stress

of drought for 7 days. Total plant weight, root, stem and leaf weights, stem size and diameter and

number of leaves were determined. In addition, 1-5 scales of plants affected by stress were

examined.

In the study, it was seen that there were differences between doses of Ca. Against drought stress, it

was determined that the best plant growth was in plants where doses of 250 ppm and 300 ppm of

Ca applications were applied. In addition, it was observed that morphologically the least damage

was in these applications and that the lowest scale value was obtained and the most harmful was in

plants applied 400 ppm Ca.

Keywords: Tomato, Drought, PEG-6000, Calcium, Plant Growth

*

52



IMPROVEMENT OF LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS WITH RFID LICENSE PLATES

HARUN KAHRAMANa, NURSEL AKÇAMb

aASELSAN

bGAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Abstract: Entry-exit controls have become an indispensable element of security systems and social

order architects with the developing technology and the increase in the human population. In this

paper, the joint study of license plate recognition system and the RFID recognition system have been

investigated in order to solve problems by taking into consideration the poor conditions such as

weather conditions, false plates, damaged plates etc. which adversely affect the license plate

recognition. License plate recognition system in existing security system are installed with camera. In

addition to existing system, RFID antenna is added to camera system. This antenna provides reading

of RFID tagged license plate which have information about vehicle. Thus these problems affecting

license plate recognition system made with camera are considered to be solved with RFID system.

The inability to recognition or misrecognition problem in current license plate recognition systems

has allowed the recognition of vehicle information on a chip plate. In this way, security

vulnerabilities have been prevented. In study, existing license plate system is compared with new

RFID system by giving example and it is stated that the new license plate system developed with

RFID is successful.

Keywords: RFID, Automatic License Plate Recognition, Security Systems With License Plate

Recognition

*

53



INVESTIGATION OF NDM-1 METALLO BETA LACTAMASE GENE IN MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT STRAINS

AZER ÖZAD DÜZGÜNa

aDEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND BIOENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL

SCIENCES, GÜMÜŞHANE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Beta-lactamases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing beta lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases have four

molecular classes based on conserved and distinctive amino acid motifs. These are A, B, C and D

classes. Four classes of beta lactamase enzymes are very common in clinical isolates worldwide. In

particular, Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) are both a structurally and functionally unique group of β-

lactamases. Unlike serine beta-lactamases, they are not inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam.

There are many MBL groups, such as IMP, VIM, NDM, SIM, SPM, GIM, which are defined up to now.

The NDM was first identified in 2008 by an Indian-born Swedish citizen. Molecular studies have

shown that the NDM enzyme hydrolyzes almost all existing antibiotics. NDM-1 began to spread

rapidly around the world after its first detection in 2008. Strains carrying the NDM-1 gene are

causing the infection that can occur in the body such as urinary tract infection, peritonitis,

pulmonary infection, soft tissue infection. In our study, the presence of NDM-1 gene is being

investigated in multiple antibiotic resistant strains collected from Gümüşhane state hospital. DNA

were isolated from the clinical samples included in the study by boiling DNA method. The obtained

DNA were used in PCR. PCR was performed using specific primers to investigate the presence of the

NDM-1 gene. The NDM-1 gene was not detected in isolates of K.pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli

and A.baumanii which were included in the study. Molecular studies will continue on strains

collected over a year. Regularly conducting research on clinical isolates provides information on the

growth and spread of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a very important issue that needs

to be constantly monitored as it threatens public health seriously.

Keywords: Ndm, Antibiotics, Pcr

*

54



PREVALENCE OF PLASMID-MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS

WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN TURKEY

AZER ÖZAD DÜZGÜNa, ABDULKADIR GÜLb, AYŞEGÜL SARALc, FUNDA OKUMUŞd, SEDANUR

CINEMREe,AYŞEGÜL ÇOPUR ÇIÇEKf


SCIENCES, GÜMÜŞHANE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND BIOENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL

SCIENCES, GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY, GÜMÜŞHANE, TURKEY

cDEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ARTVIN CORUH

UNIVERSITY, ARTVIN, TURKEY dDEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND BIOENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL

SCIENCES, GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY, GÜMÜŞHANE, TURKEY eDEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND BIOENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL

SCIENCES, GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY, GÜMÜŞHANE, TURKEY fRECEP TAYYIP ERDOĞAN UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL

MICROBIOLOGY, RIZE, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently encountered bacterial infectious diseases.

Because almost of all UTI cases are caused by Escherichia coli, it is becoming the etiologic agent and

a serious problem in public health. Fluoroquinolones are group of antibiotics widely used due to

their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Thus, resistance to this group of antibiotics has been

developed by gram-negative bacteria all around the world. Qnr determinants that cause quinolone

resistance have been described in many studies. 4 major groups of qnr (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, and qnrS)

have been identified. The aim of this study is to explore the occurrence of quinolone resistance

genes (qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) among Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples. A total of 90

isolates of E.coli were isolated from samples provided by Rize Education and Research Hospital (Rize-

Turkey) between November 2015 and August 2016. All clinical isolates were identified by VITEK 2

Compact system. All E.coli isolates were investigated for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance

genes by PCR. Template genomic DNA for PCR assays was prepared using boiling method. A single

reaction mixture consists of: 5 μl of genomic DNA, 20 pM of each primer, 10 μl reaction buffer, 3 μl

25 mM MgCl2, 200 μM of dNTPs and 1.5 U Go Taq Flexi Polymerase (Promega, Madison, USA) in a

final volume of 50 μl. All PCR products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gel containing 0.5 μg/ml

ethidium bromide, and subsequently viewed under UV light. PCR results showed that 24 strains

(26.6%) have qnrA, 6 strains have qnrB (6.6%) and 3 (3.3%) strains have qnrS resistance. The findings

were also consistent with other studies.

Keywords: E.Coli, UTI, Antibiotic Resistance, Qnr.

*

55



DESIGN PROCEDURE OF OPTIMIZED DOUBLE-SIDED LCC COMPENSATION TOPOLOGY FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

ERSAN KORAY ERŞANa

aGAZI ÜNIVERSITESI, ASELSAN INC.

[email protected]

Abstract:

Inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) has the advantages of low maintenance cost, high

reliability, and the ability to operate in dirty environment with no physical contact between the

power source and the load, by means of magnetic coupling. Due to the low coupling and

misalignment between primary and secondary side, system must be compensated to achieve high

efficiency. This study compares the series-series (SS) compensation topology and double-sided

inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation topology and proposes an optimized design for LCC

compensation. First, both of the compensation topologies are introduced and analyzed. The output

power, efficiency and compensation capacitors’ equations are derived. Then SS and LCC

compensation is compared in terms of efficiency. LCC topology is remodeled to ease the

comparison. A design procedure is presented to optimize the winding design for LCC compensation

topology. The design procedure of LCC compensation consists of determining inductance and

resistance values of main coils by selecting number of coils and sections of the windings to achieve

most economical and efficient configuration. Besides the main coil design, the relation between

main coils and compensation capacitors and inductors are expressed. Due to this relation,

compensation capacitors and inductors are determined to achieve maximum efficiency. The

theoretical results are verified for a 3.3 kW with 10-cm air gap system by simulation results for both

SS and LCC topologies.

Keywords: Wireless Power Transfer, Inductive Power Transfer, LCC Compensation Topology,

Efficiency

*

56



DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF ABNORMAL EVENTS IN SURVEILLANCE VIDEOS

KADRIYE ÖZa, İSMAIL RAKIP KARAŞb

aKARABÜK UNIVERSITY

bKARABÜK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In recent years, abnormal event detection is one of the most interesting areas of surveillance

systems. In this paper, we purpose an abnormal event detection and localization system for

surveillance videos. An abnormal event would be different from normal events according to its

appearance, speed or motion direction. The motion and appearance features of normal events are

classified by Fuzzy C-Means Algorithms. To localize the abnormality at videos, a grid is applied to the

video frames. Each grid cell modeled separately. The events which not suited to the classes are

labeled as an abnormal event. Detected abnormal events are signed on frames. UCSD and UMN

datasets are used to test the proposed system and test results show that the detection and

localization of abnormal events are performed successfully.

Keywords: Abnormal Event Detection, Abnormal Event Localization, Fuzzy C-Means Algorithms,

Surveillance

*This work is supported by Research Fund of the Karabuk University. Project Number: KBÜBAP-17-DR-457

57



FALL DETECTION BY ANN AT ELDERLY MONITORING

KADRIYE ÖZa, İSMAIL RAKIP KARAŞb



[email protected]

Abstract:

One of the indispensable stages of human life is the aging stage. Elderly people need to assist in

ensuring the health and safety. As a result, intelligent surveillance systems are needed in elderly

monitoring. In this paper, we proposed an intelligent elderly monitoring system for the falling

detection. The motion of a person is modeled after a background subtraction algorithm for predict

foreground objects. Motion information is extracted with optical flow method. Histograms are built

according to speed and direction of motion. The artificial neural network is trained with histograms.

The proposed system is tested in several datasets and successful results are obtained.

Keywords: Fall Detection, Elderly Monitoring, Artificial Neural Network, Histograms Of Optical Flow

*This work is supported by Research Fund of the Karabuk University. Project Number: KBÜBAP-17-DR-457

58



55

EFFECT OF COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT ON FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

VELI BAŞARANa, AHMET RAIF BOĞAb, MURAT HIÇYILMAZc

aAFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI

bAFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI

cAFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, effect of compression reinforcement on flexural strength of reinforcement concrete

beams are investigated. According to Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC) the use of compression

reinforcement in the beam sections are obliged. For this purpose, compression reinforcement

amount to tension reinforcement amount ratio of 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0, which 200x350x3000 mm in

size C20, C25 and C30 concrete class beam sample were produced. On produced beams by loading it

from a single point flexural tests with deflection and maximum load measurements were made. Test

results showed that the use of compression reinforcement increases the ductility of the beams.

Keywords: Compression Reinforcement, Concrete Class, Reinforcement Concrete Beams, Flexural

Strength.

*This study was supported by the Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Committee. Project

Number:14.MUH.07

59



EVALUATION OF SEISMIC LOADS ACCORDING TO TURKISH SEISMIC CODE (TSC2018)

VELI BAŞARANa

aAFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI

[email protected]

Abstract:

Turkish Seismic Code (TSC2018) and seismic hazard map of Turkey was published in the Official

Gazette in 2018. Along with the new code, there have been some changes in design and calculations.

Unlike the previous map, the new map shows the peak ground acceleration values rather than

earthquake zones. In this study, equivalent earthquake loads of 11 districts of Afyonkarahisar, which

were previously located in the 1st degree earthquake zone, were calculated according to Turkish

Seismic Code 2007 (TSC2007) and 2018 and the results were compared. 5-storey reinforced concrete

frame model was used in the calculations. 5 different points for each district, DD-2 earthquake

ground motion level and ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD, ZE site classes were considered when calculating according

to TSC2018. According to TSC2007, equivalent earthquake loads are calculated for the 0.40 effective

ground acceleration coefficient and Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 site classes. When the results were compared, it is

seen that the equivalent earthquake loads have decreased significantly compared to TSC2007.

Keywords: Turkish Seismic Code, Seismic Hazard Map Of Turkey, Equivalent Seismic Load,

Reinforced Concrete Frame

*

60



EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL TRAINING GIVEN TO MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND APPLIANCE USERS: A PRELIMINARY

STUDY

IBRAHIM MUTLUa, AYŞE ECE MENEKŞE ÖZTENb

aKOCAELI UNIVERSITY

bKOCAELI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The medical ultrasound devices have been getting new features day by day for the diagnostic of a

disease such in anatomical imaging, blood-flow measurement and evaluation of physiology in almost

all aspects of medicine. The device training is generally given to ultrasonography practitioners by the

application specialists of the related company in order to use all the features of the ultrasound

device. In this study, a basic performance evaluation by an application specialist was conducted to

determine the degree of comprehension of the given education. In this way, the ability of physicians

to use the devices and the quality of the education provided were analyzed by statistical methods

according to device trademark, operator’s (physician) specialty and gender. The results indicate that

view setting of the device (p:0,032) and using device new features are statistically significant

difference for device trademark (p:0,039). Also, all evaluation questions except two questions about

using device new features and possession of device 3D-4D techniques are statistically significant

difference for operator’s (physician) gender. Additional research is necessary to increase sample

(person) size to determine the quality of the education provided.education. In this way, the ability of

physicians to use the devices and the quality of the education provided were analyzed by statistical

methods according to device trademark, operator’s (physician) specialty and gender. The results

indicate that view setting of the device (p:0,032) and using device new features are statistically

significant difference for device trademark (p:0,039). Also, all evaluation questions except two

questions about using device new features and possession of device 3D-4D techniques are

statistically significant difference for operator’s (physician) gender. Additional research is necessary

to increase sample (person) size to determine the quality of the education provided.

Keywords: Medical Ultrasound, Training, Evaluation Form,

*

61



SURFACE MODIFICATION EFFECT ON COTTON, SILK AND POLYESTER VIA LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA APPLICATION

ZEYNEP ÖMEROĞULLARI BAŞYIĞITa

aUSAK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TEXTILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Textile finishing applications are one of the most water and energy consumed processes due to the

need of using tonnes of water with high amounts of chemicals in textile industry. There has been a

great effort in order to introduce new technologies which provides required functionality of textile

by using low amount of water, chemical and energy. Coating, spraying or foaming could be

alternatives for new textile finishing technologies; however it's well known that these technologies

need to use water in processes, even if the amount of it could be less than conventional textile

finishing processes. However, plasma technology is an important alternative in textile applications

which does not cause significant alterations in bulk properties of textiles while improving some

functional properties of textiles such as shrink resistance, flame retardancy, antibacterial properties

and hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristics. Besides, it is a dry and environmental-friendly

process with no water consumption which provides less waste load that decreases the risk of human

health and environmental hazards. The treatment is fast, extremely gentle which characterized by a

low consumption of chemicals and energy.

So in this study, the effects of low-temperature plasma applications on textile substrates as cotton,

silk and polyester were discussed. Effects of surface modification on mechanical and chemical

properties of these textile substrates were given in detail. Performance tests such as mechanical

strength/tearing strength, loss of weight, hydrophilic properties, and functional properties of fabrics

were determined beside characterization tests such as SEM (Scanning electron microscope), AFM

(Atomic Force Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) etc. The effect of process

parameters such as power, frequency, exposure time of plasma application on these textile

substrates are also examined in this study.

Keywords: Textile, Cotton, Polyester, Silk, Plasma Application, Low-Temperature

*

62



CYCLODEXTRINS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY



[email protected]

Abstract:

Chemical finishing is an important area which plays an outstanding part in textile finishing that gives

required functionalities on textiles and making them convenient for special treatments, such as

flame retardancy, antimicrobial property, water-oil-soil repellency and others. Cyclodextrins (CDs)

have been used in different applications and industries from pharmacology, cosmetics, textiles,

filtration to food chemistry. Cyclodextrins can act as hosts and form inclusion compounds with

various small molecules. These complexes can be formed in solutions, in a solid state as well as when

CDs are linked to various surfaces where they can act as permanent or temporary hosts for small

molecules that provide certain desirable effects which makes them promising agents in textile

finishing. In the textile industry CDs may have many applications such as: absorption of unpleasant

odours; they can complex and release fragrances, skin-care-agents and bioactive substances.

Moreover, textile materials treated with cyclodextrins could be used as selective filters for

adsorption of small pollutants from waste water. So in this study, types of CD, usage area of them in

textile industry in different fields with significant effects on textile materials were determined and

characterized under the term of improving area of new compounds.

Keywords: Textile, Finishing, New Application, Environmental-Friendly

*

63



OPTIMIZATION OF ROLL FORMED BEAMS USED IN CEILING CONTRUCTION

TUNÇ SAFA ALTUNSARAYa, TUĞÇE HACALOĞLUb, BILGIN KAFTANOĞLUc

aATILIM UNIVERSITY, MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

bATILIM UNIVERSITY, MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

cATILIM UNIVERSITY, MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, the deflections of the C and U beams manufactured by using roll forming of strip

material and used in present ceiling constructions in cantilever and simple support modes are

calculated by using finite element method. Also, a testing laboratory is developed to check the

calculations and to be able to make the real-life measurements and experiments on the profiles.

First the elastic deflections of the existing C and U profiles are calculated in the simply supported

and cantilever modes. Then experiments are conducted in the developed laboratory to check the

theoretical results. Agreement within 5 % is found between theory and experiment. Later, new C

and U profiles have been developed using thinner material with a more complex design giving

deflections not more than the original C and U beams. New designs have been manufactured by roll

forming and testing in the simply supported and cantilever modes have been completed. The

agreement between theory and experiment is within 5%. This way, the thicknesses of C and U beams

have been reduced by approximately 0.05 mm, resulting in deflections not more than the original

designs. Hence, material saving is obtained with an optimal design also saving cost and energy.

Keywords: Ceiling Profile, Simply Supported Test, Cantilever Test, Ceiling Construction

*This Project was sponsored by UMS Company

64



COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MMSE AND LS CHANNEL ESTIMATION METHODS FOR OFDM VARIANT WAVEFORMS IN MULTIPATH

CHANNELS

TUNCAY ERENa, AYDIN AKANb

aNETAS TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY

bIZMIR KATIP CELEBI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Channel estimation techniques play an important role in wireless communication systems in order to

obtain the data at the receiver side from the wireless multipath channel. Especially, with the

increasing demand for high-speed data rate and reliable data transmission, the existing 4G wireless

communication systems are not able to meet these requirements. Hence, a new wireless

communication technology, which is 5G, appears on the horizon and it is going to take place in our

daily life soon. The waveform Filtered-OFDM is one of the candidates for 5G technology.

In this work, the channel estimation methods, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Least

Squares (LS), based on a pilot arrangement are investigated. Simulation results are evaluated for

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) variant waveforms; Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-

OFDM), Zero Padded OFDM (ZP-OFDM) and Filtered OFDM (F-OFDM). M-QAM modulation

technique is used in all simulations.

Keywords: Cp-Ofdm, Zp-Ofdm, F-Ofdm, Mmse, Least Squares

*

65



INVESTIGATION OF THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF BLANKED NICKEL - MAGNESIUM ALLOY

ISMAIL YILDIZa, İBRAHIM GÜNEŞb



[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, a mixture of 93% Ni and 7% Mg powder was produced by the TM method and surface

properties of boronized Nickel-Magnesium alloy at different temperatures and times were

investigated. The samples were sintered at 530°C. The Nickel-Magnesium specimens were cut into

Ø20x5 mm dimensions, ground up to 1000G and polished using 1 µm Al2O3 solution. The boriding

heat treatment was carried out in a solid medium containing an Ekabor-II powder mixture placed in

an electrical resistance furnace operated at the temperature of 900 and 1000 ºC for 1.5 and 4.5 h

under atmospheric pressure. The microstructures of polished and etched cross-sections of the

specimens were observed under a Nikon MA100 optical microscope. The presence of borides

formed in the coating layer was confirmed by means of X-ray diffraction equipment (Shimadzu XRD

6000) using Cu Kα radiation. X-ray diffraction analysis of boride layers on the surface of the tungsten

revealed the existence of Ni3B, Ni2B, NiB and Mg compounds. Boron layers were obtained at varying

thicknesses on Nickel-Magnesium samples depending on the boron temperature and duration. As a

result of the boring process, increases in the surface roughness values of the samples were

determined. It has been found that the surface roughness values of boronized and non-boronized

nickel-magnesium samples change from 0.2 to 0.56.

Keywords: Nickel-Magnesium, Boron, Xrd, Surface Roughness

*

66



THE EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM ELEMENT ON THE BORNING OF NICKEL MAGNESIUM ALLOY

ISMAIL YILDIZa, İBRAHIM GÜNEŞb



[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, Ni-Mg alloy containing 97% pure Ni and 3% Mg is boronized and by the TM method,

powder mixtures containing pure 97% Ni and 3% Mg were mixed homogeneously in the powder

mixer for 24 hours. The mixed powders were sintered in a tube furnace at 530 ° C in an Ar

atmosphere after the powders were cold pressed. Hardness and density tests were applied to the

samples produced by sintering, respectively. The boriding heat treatment was carried out in a solid

medium containing an Ekabor-II powder mixture placed in an electrical resistance furnace operated

at the temperature of 900 and 1000 ºC for 1.5 and 4.5 h under atmospheric pressure. The

microstructures of polished and etched cross-sections of the specimens were observed under a

Nikon MA100 optical microscope. The presence of borides formed in the coating layer was

confirmed by means of X-ray diffraction equipment (Shimadzu XRD 6000) using Cu Kα radiation. X-

ray diffraction analysis of boride layers on the surface of the tungsten revealed the existence of

Ni3B, Ni2B, NiB and Mg compounds. Boron layers were obtained at varying thicknesses on Nickel-

Magnesium samples depending on the boron temperature and duration. Boriding temperature and

time depending on the nickel-boride layer of varying thickness over magnesium samples were

obtained. In addition Mg element both boriding of 97% purity Nickel and boride layers were found

to have an effect on boride layer growth. In addition, it affects the Mg boron layers, resulting in a

porous structure in the microstructure.

Keywords: Nickel, Mg, Boron, Microstructure, Phases

*

67



ELECTRO-ENCAPSULATION OF TRANS-RESVERATROL USING SOLUBLE EGGSHELL MEMBRANE PROTEIN AND SILK FIBROIN

YASEMIN YAHSIa, MERVE DENIZ KOSEb, OGUZ BAYRAKTARc

aMECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY

bCHEMICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY

cCHEMICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Resveratrol (3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin which is mostly found in grape, pineapple and

peanut. Trans-resveratrol has anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects. However,

with environmental conditions as heat, sunlight trans-resveratrol is converted into cis-resveratrol

and loses its stability. To overcome this problem, carrier systems are suggested to enhance

bioavailability and stability of trans-resveratrol.

Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a biomaterial which is generally considered as waste of food industry

for the production of pasteurized liquid egg. Silk has been used in many studies due to its bio

compatibility and biodegradability. It is a potential biopolymer to be used for the controlled release

of encapsulated active compounds since its secondary structure changes with varying preparation

conditions. By using core/shell carrier systems composed of silk fibroin shell and ESM core including

trans-resveratrol as active compound, the trans-resveratrol obtained from agricultural wastes. In our

study, to encapsulate the Trans resveratrol eggshell membrane proteins and silk fibroin were used as

core and shell materials, respectively. The core/shell carrier system enhanced the stability of trans-

resveratrol along with its release in controlled manner.

The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the electro encapsulation method for the

encapsulation of trans-resveratrol by using soluble eggshell membrane protein and silk fibroin to

enhance its stability and control its release profile. Central Composite Design (CCD) method was

used to design the experimental work. The morphologies of the carrier systems were examined

using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic

Force Microscope (AFM). Tests for stability and release profiles were investigated using High

Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV-spectrophotometer.

Keywords: Trans-Resveratrol, Eggshell Membrane, Silk Fibroin, Encapsulation

*This study has been supported by TUBITAK (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu).

68



COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PUMICE BASED ALKALI-ACTIVATED HYBRID CEMENT

BILAL BALUNa, MEHMET KARATAŞb

aDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, BINGOL UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FIRAT UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In recent years, researches has been conducted on alternative binders to reduce the environmental

impact of cement production. Alkali-activated hybrid cement is one of the environmentally friendly

construction material. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the compressive strengths of alkali-

activated hybrid binders containing aluminosilicate based ground pumice (GP) and ordinary portland

cement (OPC). Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solutions were used to

activate the hybrid binders. In this study, alkali-activated hybrid pastes differing in Na2SiO3/KOH

ratios (1, 2, 3) and OPC content (%0-5-10-15-20) were manufactured. Afterwards the compressive

strength, UPV, total water absorption, porosity and density of the specimens were determined. SEM,

XRD and FTIR experiments were also conducted to examine the microstructural properties of the

hybrid cements. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the increase of Na2SiO3/KOH

ratio and OPC content increased the compressive strength. The results showed that pumice based

alkali-activated hybrid cement had enough compressive strength (about 53 MPa) to be used as a

structural material.

Keywords: Pumice, Hybrid Cements, Alkali Activation

*

69



THE INVESTIGATION OF BIODIESEL FUEL PROPERTIES PRODUCED FROM WASTE SUNFLOWER OIL

FATIH AYDINa

aNECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY, EREĞLI FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES,

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, waste sunflower oil was converted into methyl ester by transesterification method, and

biodiesel was produced. Whether the biodiesel was compliant with TS EN 14214 standards was

determined by the analyses. The kinematic viscosities, densities, water contents, pH levels, color

determination, calorific values, flash points, clouding, pour and freezing points, copper corrosion

tests, CFPP (cold filter plugging point) tests and cetane number tests of the experimental fuels at 40

0C and 100 0C in the formation of biodiesel (B100) and diesel fuel (D100), which were obtained from

waste sunflower oil, were performed and fuel properties were determined.

By means of the obtained data, it was determined that the physical properties of biodiesel produced

from waste sunflower oil were compliant with TS EN 14214 standards. Furthermore, when

compared with diesel fuel, it was concluded that the heating value of biodiesel was close to diesel

fuel, cetane number was higher than diesel fuel; and as a result of the fact that the other features

were close to diesel fuel, it also thought that the biodiesel obtained from waste frying oil could be

easily used in diesel engines 100%, without any change on the engine and it was an alternative fuel

to diesel fuel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Waste Sunflower Oil, Diesel.

*This work was supported by the Scientific Research Council (BAP) of Necmettin Erbakan University.

70



INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF CONVECTORS ON THE FLOW FIELD ABOVE PANEL RADIATORS

TAMER CALISIRa, SENOL BASKAYAb, HAKAN ONUR YAZARc, HÜSEYIN TOPALd

aMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

bMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

cR&D DEPARTMENT, DEMIRDOKUM dMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Panel radiators are commonly used all over the world as heating emitters for room heating. Airflow

around panel radiators is a very significant factor on the heat output of radiators. Heat is transferred

via natural convection and radiation to the surrounding air, and surfaces. Due to the temperature

difference between panel surfaces and surrounding cold air fluid motions are generated by natural

convection. The air flow especially above the radiators is affected by inlet/outlet water temperature,

room temperature, panel and convector design of the radiator, location of radiator, etc. The flow

field above panel radiators with and without mounted convectors was determined experimentally

using particle image velocimetry (PIV), and numerically using the FloEFD CFD code. Investigations

were performed under controlled laboratory conditions with a room temperature of 20°C, and

radiator inlet/outlet temperature of 75/65°C and at different sections of the radiator. Same

conditions were implemented in the CFD code, and were verified with the PIV measurement results,

and a good agreement was obtained. It was observed that the flow is mainly vertical and in the

upward direction for radiators with and without convectors. For an inlet and outlet water

temperature of 75/65°C the difference in heat output for the radiators with and without convectors

was obtained in the range of 37.6%. Air velocity decreases considerably for radiators without

convectors. Hence, the heat output decreases. This study showed the importance of the design of

convectors on heat output as well as flow field above panel radiators.

Keywords: Panel Radiator, PIV, Convector, Flow Field

*This study was supported by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey and DemirDokum

71



HEAT OUTPUT OF PANEL RADIATORS AT DIFFERENT HEIGTH AND LENGTH FOR AN EFFICIENT USE

TAMER CALISIRa, SENOL BASKAYAb, HAKAN ONUR YAZARc

aMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

bMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT., ENGINEERING FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY

cR&D DEPARTMENT, DEMIRDOKUM

[email protected]

Abstract:

The building sector plays a key role in the total annual energy consumption, where heating

consumes an important portion of energy. In this sense, the efficient use of heating systems plays an

important role. Steel panel radiators are usually equipped with convection fins to improve their heat

output. Hot water passes through the hollow radiator, and as it is hotter than the surrounding air,

heat is transferred via natural convection and radiation to the surrounding air and surfaces. The aim

of this study is to observe the heat output of a panel-convector-convector-panel radiator at different

inlet/outlet temperature ranges, and different length and heights using numerical techniques.

Simulations were performed in an enclosure, which was held at 20°C for panel radiators with lengths

and heights of 400-3000 mm and 300-900 mm, r. Inlet/outlet temperature ranges of 30/25°C,

35/25°C, 45/35°C, 55/45°C, 75/65°C and 90/70°C were used. Two different water inlet/outlet

connection positions were investigated, and the effect on heat output on panel radiators were

observed. Top-bottom-same-end and top-bottom-opposite-end connection positions were

investigated for different height and lengths of panel radiators. In addition, a correlation was

obtained for heat output as a function of length, height and temperature range of the panel

radiator. It was observed that for radiators with low length and height similar heat output results

were obtained for both connection positions. However, for radiator lengths of >1400 mm the top-

bottom-opposite-end connection position has a higher heat output. Besides, a more uniform

temperature distribution on the front panel has been observed.

Keywords: Panel Radiator, Heat Output, Cfd

*This study was supported by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey and also DemirDöküm

A.Ş.

72



PREPARATION OF ALGINATE-OKRA GUM BLEND BEADS FOR THE ENCAPSULATION OF TURMERIC EXTRACT

MERVE DENIZ KÖSEa, CEREM PIŞKINb, OĞUZ BAYRAKTARc

aEGE UNIVERSITY

bEGE UNIVERSITY

cEGE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Turmeric is a common spice used in the daily life. For the remedy of the many ailments turmeric has

widely been used in folk medicine. Curcumin is the phenolic bioactive compound which is the major

component of the turmeric. As many phenolic compounds, curcumin is a potent antioxidant and

anti-carcinogenic agent. However it is susceptible to harsh environmental conditions such as light,

heat and pH and undergoes oxidative degradation. In addition curcumin is soluble in organic

solvents but insoluble in water. In order to overcome these problems microencapsulation can

effectively be used. It is stated in the literature encapsulation may enhance curcumin’s stability and

control its release in application sites.

In our study sodium alginate-calcium chloride pair was used for the encapsulation material in

conventional dripping method. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time the okra gum was

used as emulsifier in alginate-okra gum blend for the encapsulation of turmeric extract using

electrospraying method rather than conventional dripping method. By using the electrospraying

method smaller particles sizes and higher encapsulation efficiencies could be achieved. With the

help of okra gum curcumin was well dispersed in aqueous solution and partly become a solution for

the lower solubility of curcumin in water. In our previous studies the optimum extraction conditions

for the preparation of turmeric extract was determined. Therefore, the extraction of turmeric was

performed at 1:30 solid to liquid ratio in 70% ethanol-water solution. For the preparation of turmeric

extract loaded alginate-okra gum blend beads electrospraying process parameters, such as electric

voltage, amount of turmeric extract, sodium alginate concentration were changed and their effects

on the size distribution of the beads, encapsulation efficiencies and the release profiles of the

turmeric extract were studied.

Keywords: : Turmeric, Extraction, Bioactive Natural Compounds, Phenolic Compounds,

Encapsulation, Electrospray, Okra Gum

*

73



DATA ASSOCIATION OF THE ISSUES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY IN TURKEY AND GERMANY

SERHAT ORKUN TANa, ŞAFAK ATAŞb, İLKER TÜRKERc

aKARABUK UNIVERSITY

bKARABUK UNIVERSITY

cKARABUK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Studies on renewable energy sources have gained intensity due to the continuation of the energy

crisis, global warming and environmental pollution in the world. Reduced energy sources, poor

quality of life and ensuring the continuation of sustainable economic development on the basis of

countries are the main factors which canalize the researchers to this area. For this reason, projects,

investments and academic studies on renewable energy are becoming increasingly important in

terms of meeting and supporting the energy requirements of countries. Thus, the data collected by

the statistical analysis of the academic studies on renewable energy in the two neighboring

countries, Turkey and Germany, were compared by the projects and investments made in these

countries. The academic studies on renewable energy which are located at Web of science database

statistically analyzed by utilizing SQL Server Management Studio program. The analysis results and

the distributions of the distinct renewable energy areas were given in comparison with the

importance level of these renewable energy areas in the related countries. The analysis revealed the

correspondence of the projects and investments with the academic studies made in Turkey and

Germany on renewable energy. Eventually, it has been observed that in both countries, the

academic studies on various renewable energy areas such as wind, solar, geothermal, bioenergy, and

hydro energy have increased in directly proportional with the steadily increasing energy

requirements.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Energy Potential, Projects And Investments, Scientific Studies,

Statistical Analysis.

*This study is supported by Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordinatorship of Karabük University.

74



OBTAINING ZFC AND FC CURVES BY RUNGE-KUTTA METHOD IN TYPE II SUPERCONDUCTORS

İBRAHİM DÜZGÜNa, MELTEM AKTAŞb, İSHAK CUMHURc

aDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES,

GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY

bPAZAR KIZ KULESI VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL

cDEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, FACULTY OF ARTS ANS SCIENCES, RECEP TAYYIP ERDOĞAN

UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

For the investigation of the magnetization phenomenon in superconducting materials, magnetic

fields are applied to the material by performing field and zero field cooling. Magnetization (MZFC

(T)) measurement in the Zero Field Cooling (ZFC) method means that the change in magnetization in

the sample is measured with increasing temperature after a certain magnetic field has been applied

at a T temperature below the critical temperature after cooling. The Field Cooling (FC) method is a

process in which the sample is cooled below the critical temperature under a certain magnetic field.

In this study, ZFC and FC curves of superconducting sample produced by solid state reaction method

were reproduced by Runge-Kutta Method and compared with experimental results.

Keywords: Type II Superconductors, ZFC And FC Curves, Runge-Kutta Method

*

75



USABILITY OF TYPE II SUPERCONDUCTING YBCO-358 PHASE IN TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

İBRAHİM DÜZGÜNa

aDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES,

GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Superconductor technology can be divided into two main categories. The first of these is small-scale

applications, typically electronic and electronic circuit elements. Second, the larger scale group,

according to the other group of magnets and energy applications, can be divided into classes in this

group because it finds application area in every field of our lives. Magnetic separators, fault current

limiters, motors, transformers, transmission cables can be given as examples in transport, Maglev

trains, as a diagnostic tool, MRI and SQUID, Machinery-Electronics and Energy sectors. And the most

important problem encountered in these applications is the problem of finding the market

opportunity of the economy, the cost and the application at the international level. Therefore,

scientists working in the field of superconductivity are working hard to produce alternative solutions

to this problem. In this study, the use of the newly discovered 358 phases of the YBCO family of type

II superconductors in technological applications is discussed.

Keywords: Type Ii Superconductors, Ybco, Ybco-358

*

76



COPY MOVE BLIND FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR DIGITAL IMAGE USING DCT

ASIF HASSANa, DR. V.K. SHARMAb

aRESEARCH SCHOLOR, BHAGWANT UNIVERSITY, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

bPRESIDENT/VICE-CHANCELLOR, BHAGWANT UNIVERSITY, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

[email protected]

Abstract:

Copy Move forgery Detection is one of the popular research topics among researchers in the area of

image forgery detection. Several methods have been used to detect Copy Move Forgery, but some

issues still remained unresolved. One such issue is performance improvement and robustness of the

algorithm. In this type of forgery, the most commonly used method is Block Matching Algorithm to

detect copying in the image. The image is divided into equal number of overlapping blocks. Discrete

Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to extract the features of overlapping blocks. The major challenge is

to reduce the computational time of such algorithm. The proposed method is efficient with

enhanced speed to detect copy move forgery for random rectangular and symmetrical regions

without prior information of the image.

Keywords: Copy Move Forgery, Discrete Cosine Transform, Blind Forgery Detection.

*

77



DETERMINATION OF OUTLIERS FOR EFFECTIVE FORECASTING OF PRODUCTION AMOUNTS: A CASE STUDY FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

MURAT ÇOLAKa, GÜLŞEN AYDIN KESKINb, SEYHAN CANLISOYc, GIZEM TOPGÜLOĞLUd, GÜLŞEN

AKMANe

aDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY eDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Production planning can be defined as a set of activities which provide effective usage of the main

sources such as machine, material, manpower and energy in order to meet customer demands.

Besides, demand forecasting constitutes the basis for production planning activities. It is necessary

to make demand forecasting effectively for correct determination of production amounts. Thus, it

will be possible to increase customer service level and customer loyalty. At this point, it is significant

to determine suitable forecasting method. Forecasting methods are generally divided into two

groups as qualitative and quantitative methods. While qualitative methods give subjective results

due to expert evaluations, quantitative methods provide more realistic and pragmatic results. On

the other hand, the data set are also crucial for effective forecasting and the data can include quite

small or large values owing to various reasons such as seasonal fluctuations, legal obligations and

campaigns in some cases. These values are defined as outliers and improvement of them will

provide better forecasting performance. At this point, different methods are utilized for outlier

analysis as a new trend in production management. In this study, it is aimed to forecast production

amounts effectively in a company operating in automotive industry. The study consists of three

phases. In the first phase, 457 products have been classified by means of ABC analysis according to

their annual sales. In the second phase, an outlier analysis have been realized for 20 products which

locate in A group and fit normal distribution. In the last phase, forecasting have been made through

single exponential smoothing, double exponential smoothing and winters methods. As a result, it is

aimed to determine the most suitable forecasting method for this company by comparing the

effectiveness of these methods via MAD, MSE and MAPE parameters.

Keywords: Demand Forecasting, Outlier, Forecasting Methods, Time Series, Automotive Industry.

*

78



BIR MONTAJ HATTINDA İSTASYON SAYISINI AZALTARAK OPERATÖRLERIN İŞ YÜKÜNÜN DENGELENMESI

MURAT ÇOLAKa, GÜLŞEN AYDIN KESKINb, GÖKÇE HÜLYA ALYANAKc, GÜLŞAH DALKIÇd

aDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, KOCAELI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Rekabetin arttığı günümüzde müşteri memnuniyetini üst düzeyde tutabilmek için daha hızlı üretim

yapılması ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu bağlamda, üretim ortamındaki gereksiz faaliyetleri azaltmak ve

daha iyi bir üretim akışı sağlamak amacıyla iş ölçümleme yöntemlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. İş

ölçümleme yöntemlerinden biri olan Metot Zaman Ölçümü (MZÖ) işlerin o işin yapılmasında

kullanılan temel vücut hareketleri türünden analiz edilmesine ve bu temel hareketlere ilişkin

önceden belirlenmiş zaman değerlerini kullanarak standart zaman hesabının yapılmasına imkan

sağlamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, üretimin bir akış hattı boyunca gerçekleştirildiği montaj hatlarında

üretim hızını arttırmak, atıl süreleri minimize etmek, iş istasyonu sayısını azaltmak, iş yükünü dengeli

dağıtmak ve üretim maliyetini en aza indirmek gibi amaçları gerçekleştirmek için montaj hattı

dengeleme çalışması yapılmaktadır. Montaj hattı dengeleme, son ürünün elde edilmesi için gerekli

işlerin; çevrim süresini aşmayacak ve öncelik ilişkilerini göz önünde bulunduracak şekilde iş

istasyonlarına atanması olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmada, ayna üretimi yapılan bir otomotiv

montaj hattında iş yükü dengeleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Üretim sürecinde gerçekleştirilen işler

bileşenlerine ayrılarak MZÖ yöntemi ile standart zaman değerleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, video analizi

yoluyla bileşenlerine ayrılan bu işlerin fiili süreleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonraki aşamada, öncelik ilişkileri

ve çevrim süresi kısıtları dikkate alınarak uygun bileşenler birleştirilmiş ve iş istasyonu sayısı

azaltılmıştır. Son aşamada, mevcut durum ile önerilen durum simülasyon yardımıyla karşılaştırılmış

ve gerekli üretimin gerçekleştirilebildiği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda, operatör sayısı

azaltılarak işçilik maliyetleri düşürülmüştür. Bunun yanında, operatörler arasında adil iş yükü dağılımı

da sağlanmıştır.

Keywords: Montaj Hattı Dengeleme, Iş Ölçümleme, Metot Zaman Ölçümü, Simülasyon, Promodel

*

79



DERIVATIVE OF DRIVING POINT IMPEDANCE FUNCTIONS AND ITS CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS

BÜLENT NAFI ÖRNEKa, TIMUR DÜZENLIb, CANAN ORALc

aDEPT. OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY

bDEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, AMASYA

UNIVERSITY

cDEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, AMASYA

UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this paper, we present an analysis for the derivative of driving point impedance functions which

are analytic functions defined on the right half of the s-plane. Here, we derive inequalities for the

modulus of the derivative of driving point impedance function, Z(s) . Also, the sharpness of these

inequalities are proved. By proving sharpness, we also get the driving point impedance functions

which exist as the natural results of our presented theorem. Motivating by the fact that the driving

point impedance functions are mainly used in electrical engineering for circuit design and synthesis

of networks, we present the corresponding circuits with their frequency and phase responses for the

driving point impedance functions obtained in the study.

Keywords: Driving Point Impedance Function, Schwarz Lemma, Circuit Design

*This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Amasya University (FMB-BAP 18-0338)

80



INVESTIGATIONS OF BITUMEN WITH POPPY PLANT BIOMASS ADDITIVE

CAHIT GURERa, OGUZHAN ALAGOZb, AYFER ELMACIc, NAZAN YILMAZd

aDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cEMIRDAĞ VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Gradually running out of oil resources across the world, obtaining bitumen less than before as a

result of the development of refined techniques, constant increase in unit prices of petroleum-based

energy and so on reasons cause to encouraged the development of alternative binder like as

traditional bituminous binder’s rheological properties. Also due to environmental concerns, public

efforts to reduce the use of petroleum-derived fuels lead to scientist move towards issues of

development and production binders from alternative sources especially non-food biomass sources.

In recent years, development of alternative binders from biomass sources for road pavements was

started. Investigation the performance of these type of binders for road pavements and

development of test methods are fairly complex and unknown topics. If a binder that can continue

the comfort and advantages of hot bituminous mixtures are improved, flexible road pavement’s

advantages will be continued.

Poppy plant is an oil plant generally grows in Afyonkarahisar and Mediterranean climate zone. 100

kg of seed per hectare obtained from the poppy plant, while providing 500 kg of poppy straw.

Residue material obtained from this type of agriculture waste by way of Soxhlet Extraction can be

used as additive material in bituminous binders so bitumen consumption could be decreased.

In this project study, bitumen binder specimens with poppy plant waste biomass additive as 1, 3,

5, 7 and 9% by weight were prepared and series of bitumen test were performed. The test result

show that, the bitumen specimen with 3% biomass additive bitumen was exhibited better behavior

than other bitumen specimens.

Keywords: Bitumen, Biomass Additive, Alternative Bitumen, Poppy Plant.

*Afyon Kocatepe University, Scientific Research Coordination Departments.

81



INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PAVEMENTS

CAHIT GURERa, AHMET RAIF BOGAb, HUSEYIN AKBULUTc

aDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The most important characteristics of road transportation are safety, velocity and not interrupt of

highway transportation. In some regions, harsh conditions in winter cause ice and snow

accumulation on roads and airports, resulting in transportation interruption, traffic accidents,

material and spiritual loss, delays and trips or flight cancellations. In recent years, researchers have

focused on new methods to prevent such adverse situations. These methods are also known as

active methods because they prevent icing from ever occurring. In the prevention of icing with active

systems, methods such as electric cable, conductive asphalt concrete, hydronic (geothermal)

systems are used. However, the thermal conductivity of the pavement is very important in

preventing the icing of the pavement by heating. In this paper, 5 different grades of electrically

conductive asphalt concrete specimens were prepared and tests were carried out on the specimens

on the basis of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, temperature increase with electrical

conductivity, determination of temperature changes via induction effect of specimens. It was

emphasized that the importance of the thermal conductivity for heating pavement applications.

Keywords: Electrically Conductivity, Thermal Conductivity, Pavement, Anti-Icing Applications.

*Afyon Kocatepe University, Scientific Research Coordination Departments.

82



ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFICACY OF HESPERIDIN IN IN VITRO COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA

MEHMET MUSTAFA İŞGÖRa, ALTUĞ KÜÇÜKGÜLb, AZIME KÜÇÜKGÜLc

aFACULTY OF VETERINARY, BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY

bFACULTY OF VETERINARY, BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY

cFACULTY OF FISHERIES, MUNZUR UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. For this

reason, studies on the treatment of disease have recently concentrated on products derived from

natural sources. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside in abundant amounts in citrus fruits, has a wide

range of pharmacological properties. In this study, antiproliferative effects of hesperidin at different

concentrations in colon cancer model were investigated in in vitro conditions.

Materials and methods: Hesperidin and 3-(4,5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide

(MTT) were purchased from Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, USA). Hesperidin-induced cell death was

determined by MTT colorimetric assay. Briefly, HCT-116 cells (obtain from ATCC/USA) were seeded

at 40,000/well in flat-bottom 24-well culture plates. Then, the cells were incubated with hesperidin

(dissolved in F12 DMEM medium including 5% DMSO) for 24 h. After the removal of medium, the

cells were incubated with MTT solution (5 mg/mL in PBS) for 4 h and the resulting formazan was

solubilized with DMSO. The absorption was measured at 570 nm in an enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. Morphological and density images of cells after the incubation

periods were obtained with an invert microscope (Olympus Ckx41, JA).

Results: In the study, it was found that hesperidin increased cell deaths compared to the control

group in a dose dependent manner. At the concentrations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM hesperidin

reduced cell viability by 15%, 59%, 75% and 77%, respectively. Besides, hesperidin has been found to

significantly alter both cell number and morphology according to the control groups.

Conclusion: According to the obtained data, hesperidin has been shown to have antiproliferative

potential in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we believe that the consumption of products

from citrus plants will reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, there is a need for more

advanced and in vivo research on the subject for definite interpretations.

Keywords: Colorectal Cancer, Hesperidin, Cytotoxicity

*

83



AN INVESTIGATE ON IMPORTANCE OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF HERB ESSENTIAL OILS ON CHALLENGING WITH FISH DISEASES

AZIME KÜÇÜKGÜLa, ALTUĞ KÜÇÜKGÜLb, BANU KUTLUc

aFACULTY OF FISHERIES, MUNZUR UNIVERSITY

bFACULTY OF VETERINARY FACULTY, MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY

cFACULTY OF FISHERIES, MUNZUR UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Objective: Products of natural herbs such as essential oil have recently been used as an alternative

to antibiotics in freshwater and marine aquaculture. The presence of different phytochemical

components of essential oil such as tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds has

antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study is to investigate

importance of the major components of three herb essential oils (Thymus vulgaris L., Centaurium

erythraea Rafn. and Foeniculum vulgare M.) on challenging with fish diseases.

Material and Methods: The components of essential oils provided from a commercial firm were

made GC/ MS analyzes.

Results: The major component of T. vulgare was carvacrol called as phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-

methylethyl) with 40 %. The others were Linalool L (15.11 %) and benzene, methyl(1-methylethyl)-

(12.12 %). Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6,6-trimethyl-, (ñ)- in C. erythraea essential oil was the richest

(34.90 %). Others were heptacosane (19.15 %) and dotriacontane (17.72 %), respectively. The

evaluation of the essential oil of F. vulgaris presented benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)- with

67.99 %, followed by dl-Limonene (16.03 %) and benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (6.97 %). The

richest oil in C. erythraea was bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6,6-trimethyl- (34.90%) called as alpha-

pinene, followed by heptacosane (19.15 %) and dotriacontane (17.72 %), respectively.

Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of thyme are due to its high content of phenolic compounds,

particularly carvacrol. The most important compounds of F. vulgare essential oil is anethole,

fenchone, limonene that has antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal and anticancer effects. The

previous studies show that alpha pinene significantly inhibits many pathogenic Gram-negative

bacteria. In aquaculture studies, in vitro and in vivo effects of the dominant compounds of essential

oils in our study are consistent with the previous findings.

Keywords: Centaurium Erythraea, Foeniculum Vulgar, Essential Oil, Major Component Thymus

Vulgaris

*

84



CRUISE PORT SITE SELECTION BY USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

SEYMA BAYAZITa, TUNCAY KULELIb

aBANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY

bBODRUM MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, MUGLA SK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Cruise ports are today more than embarkation and disembarkation terminal. Competitive conditions

of cruise market force the industry to build new modern ports. The first and the most critical step

ought to be site selection process which is a multi-criteria decision-making problem as cruise port

site selection consists of many criteria and constraints. Natural conditions, political strategies in local

or regional level, local feasibility are some of those constraints that are needed to be included in the

process. Cruise companies’ specific requirements are also one of the important constraints as they

are the main port beneficiaries. Factors affecting cruise port site selection process differ from cruise

operators to destination managers. However, any common quantitative site selection process is not

found in the literature. There are many different points of view on port site selection process while

there is still a gap to a new approach that uses a new common method in this field. In this study, the

geographical information systems (GIS) based methods are proposed to utilize for finding out the

most convenient site for a new cruise port site selection for all sides of the industry. The results

present a progressive approach which is convincing and objective for decision makers such as

destination stakeholders and regional planners, port constructers, architectures, local partners

toward the port location, port operators, therefore, will have an important role in developments for

the future of cruise industry. On the top of that, the GIS provides some alternative scenario for

stakeholders before the decision.

Keywords: Cruise Port, Site Selection, GIS, Multi-Criteria

*

85



FACTORS AFFECTING CRUISE PORT SITE SELECTION PROCESS

SEYMA BAYAZITa, TUNCAY KULELIb

aBANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY

bBODRUM MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, MUGLA SK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to define factors related to site selection problem and to investigate how

those factors to be integrated into the process in itself. In order to reach a strategy toward site

selection process, those relating factors are needed to know. Although the site selection process of

each cruise port can be different from each other the ports of the same type such as homeports and

the same size such as boutique ports are similar to each other regarding their common functions. In

the cruise port site selection process, common factors such as location, geographic characteristics,

source market proximity, existing ports near around, destination attractiveness, local demographics,

itinerary trends play important roles. Due to the fact that a seaport investment can be very costly

both for new port construction and for expanding the capacity according to emerging requirements,

all those factors should be considered under a holistic approach. Using desk research methods, cases

one from each type of cruise ports are investigated. It is also reviewed relevant peer-reviewed

literature, port development models such as master plans on corporate policies, and reports

regarding the cruise port site such as trend analysis, industry needs, port associations’ guides.

Finding factors are classified as common and unique features according to the type and size of cruise

ports. As a result, the study presents a set of common and unique category factors to make

researchers enable to use multi-criteria decision-making techniques for each different type of cruise

port. It also helps to advance a comprehensive approach to solving site selection problem by

extending the characteristics of current developed techniques into a holistic methodology.

Keywords: Cruise Port, Site Selection Factors, Multi-Criteria Decision Making

*

86



INTEGRATION AND APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY IN URBAN ILLUMINATION

MUSTAFA ŞAHİNa, YÜKSEL OĞUZb, TOLGA ÖZERc, MUSTAFA KELEKd




[email protected]

Abstract:

Solar energy is one of the alternative ways to produce electrical energy other than fossil fuels with

today's rapidly evolving technology. Solar energy is the most important and the cleanest energy

source of all. Converting solar power into electrical energy and widespread usage of it in daily life are

important. This electrical power obtained from solar energy can be used in many areas. Illumination

comes first among these fields. Almost 25 percent of all produced electrical energy around the world

is consumed for illumination. It is a very important percentage. Therefore, using alternative energy

sources for illumination is inevitable. For instance, its usage is quickly becoming widespread for

illumination of urban parks, gardens and street, traffic lamps, intercity highways and roads. In

additionally, production and transmission of electricity are expensive. Based on these facts,

information will be revealed about new solar street illumination systems in this paper. Furthermore,

practical example of solar energy integration for urban illumination in AfyonKocatepe University

campus A.N.S. will be examined.

Keywords: Outdoor Illumination, Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Systems, Solar Street Illumination

Systems

*

87



EXAMINATION OF SEMI DIRECT LIGHTING TYPE IN INDOOR LIGHTING UNDER THE COLOR SELECTION

MUSTAFA ŞAHİNa, YÜKSEL OĞUZb, MUHAMMED MUSTAFA KELEKc, TOLGA ÖZERd




[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, the correlation of color choice of semi direct lighting types for interior lighting on

lighting economy and visual quality is explained. For the study, two sample environments was

selected and only the wall color of the environment was changed on condition that all the physical

environment conditions would remain the same. The wall was painted in champagne, cream, beige

and for these colors; lighting level measurements were made at many points, in height of 90 cm

from the ground, separately in the environment. These measured values were recorded on a paper

in a matrix form. Then, the values recorded for these colors were modeled as three-dimensional in

MATLAB medium and then they were compared. In this way, it was observed that the color of place

selected for semi direct lighting type in designing phase of a lighting system brought along

decreases in energy demand required by lighting elements. As a result, interior color and lighting

level lighting distribution relation of semi direct lighting was compared numerically with the

measurements realized in this study and it was concluded that color choice had positive contribution

to lighting systems in terms of both economy and usage.

Keywords: Indoor Lighting, Semi Direct Lighting, Indoor Color, Lighting Economy, Ergonomics

*

88



A STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM GERMINATION METHODS FOR TESBI (STYRAX OFFICINALIS L.)

TANSU USKUTOĞLUa, CÜNEYT CESURb, BELGIN COSGE SENKALc, HÜLYA DOĞANd

aBOZOK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF FIELD CROPS

bBOZOK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF FIELD CROPS

cBOZOK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF FIELD CROPS dBOZOK UNIVERSITY, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SEED

SCIENCE

[email protected]

Abstract:

Tesbi (Styrax officinalis L.) is a perennial shrub that grows up to 1000 m in a Mediterranean climate.

Tesbi seeds have 50-60 % oil and its most important value is that it can grow and yield easily under

forest trees or arid, barren agricultural areas where it cannot be used in agricultural production. It is

a fact that new plant resources are needed in population and energy equations all over the world.

Gaining the agricultural production of tesbi can create significant opportunities. The most important

step in the cultivation of a wild plant is the rapid and uniform propagation of the plant. This study

was carried out to determine the most suitable germination method of seeds harvested 2 different

times from different altitude regions of Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, and Gaziantep. 16 different

application is done such as 3 different types of cold stratification (30, 75 and 90 days at + 4 °C), 9

different temperature applications (1, 5 and 10 minutes at 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C), submersion in

sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (1, 3 and 5 minutes) and cracking. According to the results, germination was

not observed in submersion in sulfuric acid, 75 days at + 4 °C, and at 80 °C (1, 5 and 10 minutes).

Though the germination percentages are very low the first harvest Andırın-Tahta location in at 40 °C

for 5 minutes is 37.5%. Arsuz (Kurtbağı) second harvest and Gâvurdağı first harvest cracking

application germination rates are 36.99%. Dönüklü second harvest 90 days at +4 °C cold

stratification germination rate has been found to be 30%. The earliest germination was determined

in Bulgurkaya first harvest for 90 days at +4 ° C at 17 days. According to these results, it can be said

that different applications should be tried and especially the vegetative propagation techniques

should be studied.

Keywords: Tesbi, Styrax Officinalis L., Germination

*

89



THE EFFECT OF EDIBLE COATING ON MINIMALLY PROCESSED “RED GLOBE” DURING COLD STORAGE

AYŞE TÜLIN ÖZa, TÜLIN EKERb, BÜŞRA ERYOLc

aOSMANIYE KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY

bOSMANIYE KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY

cOSMANIYE KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The main important problem of minimally process fruit is preserve the fresh fruit quality as much as

originality of raw material with high quality grapes with a suitable appearance of grape firmness and

skin color and proper size berries. There are many methods for protection of minimally process fruit

and extend shelf life and protect the quality and safety of fresh-cut fruit. Among the natural

methods for preserving fruit, the use of edible coatings has been widely studied due to their

antimicrobial activity and low toxicity to mammalian cells. The aim of this research was to evaluate

and compare to the effect of chitosan (1%, w/v), sodium alginate (1%, w/v) and chitosan + sodium

alginate (1%, w/v) coatings on shelf-life of minimally processed “Red Globe” table grape, packed in

polypropylene (pp) boxes during 20 days of cold storage. Grapes one day after harvest were

immersed in different coating solutions (1%) for 15 minutes and left to dry for 1 hour. After drying,

grapes were minimally processed and stored in pp boxes at 4 °C for 20 days. With 5 days intervals,

physical (color, firmness, weight loss and decay), chemical (pH, total soluble solid, total phenolic,

total anthocyanin, vitamin C content, MDA content and antioxidant activity) and sensory properties

of treated grapes were investigated. The berry firmness remained satisfactory until the 20th day of

storage in chitosan coated samples. The lowest percentage of decay and weight loss was found in

coated grapes and there were no significant changes between treatments. Coated samples had

higher flavor scores than control regarding sensory analysis. Based on the results of study, edible

coatings with sodium alginate (1%, w/v) can be used to improve the post-harvest quality of “Red

Globe” grapes.

Keywords: Fresh-Cut, Red Globe, Table Grape, Storage, Edible Coating

*

90



QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BEETROOT FROM MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE

TÜLIN EKERa, AYŞE TÜLIN ÖZb

aOSMANIYE KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY

bOSMANIYE KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Beta vulgaris L., commonly known as the beetroot, is a root vegetable grown all over the world. It

has been long used as healthy food as well as medicinal use to prevent diseases like cancer and

heart diseases This vegetable has functional characteristics due to its significant fiber content, both

soluble and insoluble, which can provide interesting technological properties for the food industry,

such as enrichment of pasta, cakes, and cookies. It is desirable, therefore, to process roots in spring

rather than in winter and for this reason it is essenlal to be able to store roots for a period before

processing. The purposes of the present study were to determine the quality parameters of red

beetroot, and to determine the effect of cold storage (1 C) together with modified atmosphere

packaging on the physical and chemical properties of the red beetroot harvested from Osmaniye.

After harvest red beetroots were divided in two groups; i) control (under normal atmosphere in

polyethylene bag) and modified atmosphere packages. Red beetroots were analysed at 7-day

intervals during 56 days of storage.

Keywords: Red Beetroot, Cold Storage, Modified Atmosphere Packaging, Osmaniye

*

91



EFFECT OF SOLUTION CONCENTRATION ON THE SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE (AUNP) WITH SOLUTION PLASMA SYSTEM

MEHMET OZKANa, BEKIR ORUNCAKb, ALI ÖZHAN AKYÜZc, RIDVAN UNALd

aAFYON KOCATE UNIVERSITY


cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY dUSAK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this work gold nanoparticle synthesis was performed with the aid of plasma discharge generated

in AuCl4 solution. 100 ml of AuCl4 solution prepared at different concentrations were used during

the study. The gold nanoparticles obtained were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their size

was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, samples were taken at intervals of

10, 20 and 30 minutes during the experiment and the absorbance values of AuCl4 solution were

determined by UV-Spectrophotometer. While the absorbance values decreased as the time elapsed,

it was observed that the sizes of gold nanoparticles changed between 30 and 50 nm.

Keywords: Gold, Nanoparticle, Plasma, Concentration

*

92



DETERMINATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN SOIL GAS, AIR AND MARBLE SAMPLES IN ISCEHISAR MARBLE QUARRY

BEKIR ORUNCAKa, MEHMET ÖZKANb, AYKUT ACARc




[email protected]

Abstract:

This study aims on determining the radioactivity level in the selected marble quarry in

Afyonkarahisar (İsçehisar), Turkey with three different methods. Radon gas activity and the presence

of 40K, 238U and 232Th were analyzed using AB-5R detector by Pylon Electronics and γ-ray

spectrometry with sodium iodide thallium, {NaI(Tl)} detector respectively. Radon activity in air in the

marble quarries was assessed with AlphaGUARD Radon Monitor. The mean radon activity in the soil

gas and in air in the region was measured to be 9.98 Bq/L – 116.39 Bq/L and 9.91 Bq/m3

respectively. Mean specific activity of 139.29, 38.40 and 35.28Bq/kg for 40K, 238U and 232Th,

respectively were obtained for marble samples taken from the studied quarries. The measured

results indicated that the radioactivity level for both the marble quarries and marble itself are safe.

Keywords: Radioactivity Level, Radon, Soil Gas, Isçehisar

*

93



A MATHEMATICAL JOB ROTATION MODEL FOR ERGONOMICS

AHMET CIHANa, ALPASLAN FIĞLALIb, NILGÜN FIĞLALIc

aDÜZCE UNIVERSITY, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

bKOCAELI UNIVERSITY, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

cKOCAELI UNIVERSITY, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Work Related Musculosceletal Deseases (WMSDs) are soft-tissue disorders of non-acute origin that

are caused or exacerbated by the work environment. These are conditions of the nerves, tendons,

muscles and supporting structures of the musculoskeletal system. WMSDs most frequently occur to

the back, shoulders, neck, elbows, hands, wrists, hips and knees. These disorders are a result of

workplace physical or psychosocial stressors put on the structures over time. WMSDs include, but

are not limited to, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, herniated discs, sciatica, muscle strains and

sprains and rotator cuff syndrome. Symptoms of WMSDs include general aching or discomfort,

tingling, numbness, swelling, and pain.

WMSDs have negative impacts on individual’s health, on economics due to the lost work hours and

on government due to the health expenses.

WMSDs are arise because of the risks that the worker is exposed in the working environment. Risk

factors can be classified as task, environment, or worker-related within an ergonomic approach. The

task related risk factors are repetition; working postures; force; duration of exposure, Environment-

related factors are working environment and psychosocial factors; and worker-related factors are

individual differences. There are too many ergonomical risk assessment methods for eliminating

these factors. Some can be listed as REBA, RULA, JSI, OWAS, KIM etc. While eliminating the risks in

working environment, some additional work design techniques should be used for supporting the

ergonomical developments. Job rotation is one of the most accepted and widely used technique for

this purpose.

In this study a job rotation model is suggested which uses the KIM scores of all jobs conducted in a

company. The model is a linear 0-1 integer programming model and balances the job loads of the

workers in the long term. And a secondary objective is defined as avoiding hard jobs in sequential

orders for any worker. The model is tested on a real life problem and satisfactory results are

obtained in a very reasonable solution time.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Job Rotation, 0-1 Integer Programming

*

94



A BENEFIT / COST ANALYSIS BASED EXHIBIT SELECTION MODEL FOR SCIENCE CENTERS

KEMAL TAHA HÜLAGÜa, AHMET CIHANb, ALPASLAN FIĞLALIc

aKOCAELI METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY DIRECTORATE OF MUSEUMS

bDÜZCE UNIVERSITY, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

cKOCAELI UNIVERSITY, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Science Centers aim to bring science and technology to understandable and accessible to society and

to increase the importance of science and technology to society, by bringing individuals of different

age groups and different knowledge together with science by offering experimental and practical

activities, which encourage experience and exploration. Science Centers carry out their duties

through their exhibits and exhibitions. There is a limited number of studies in the literature

regarding which setting of a Science Center will constitute the most appropriate configuration and

which will provide the greatest benefit in the establishment phase or the creation of temporary

exhibitions. These studies deal mainly with the curatorial perspective and describe the factors to be

considered in the design and selection of the exhibits. There is no model in the literature regarding

the selection of exhibits for Science Centers.

In this study, a model is proposed to make the selection of exhibits suitable for defined purposes and

under the specified constraints while creating temporary or permanent exhibitions for Science

Centers. The proposed model works in an heuristic structure based on benefit / cost analysis.

Maximization of theme appropriateness (suitability to strategic objectives), maximization of

educational level and maximization of attractiveness level taken as objective functions in parallel

with the related literature. The constraints consist of the Science Center's total area allocated for the

exhibits, the purchasing budget for the exhibits and the budget allocated for the annual operating

costs. It is known that the Science Centers are visited by different age groups and groups with

different levels of education. It is also desirable that the selection of exhibits should be associated

with the educational levels of the visitors so that the Science Center to be established or the

exhibition to be created will address a particular age group or groups with different levels of

education. For this reason, it is also possible to divide the total purchasing budget or the total area

into groups of exhibits that will address to groups with different levels of education. A software

based on the proposed model was developed and tested for different scenarios.

Keywords: Science Center, Exhibit Selection, Decision Making

*

95



EVALUATION OF WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS IN KIRŞEHİR, TURKEY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

ARZU KANa, SULTAN - KIYMAZb

aAHI EVRAN UNIVERSITY

bAHI EVRAN UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Today, water is an important natural resource for the sustainability of agricultural production

especially for arid, semi-arid and semi-moist regions. Irrigation, which ensures the sustainability of

agricultural production, prevents the high-cost inputs used in production from being destroyed by

the threat of drought as well as increasing the efficiency. Irrigation management, defined as a choice

and decision-making technique that shows how all the elements related to water and irrigation can

be used, is an important indicator for the sustainable and efficient use of water resources in the

future. It is aimed to evaluate to irrigation water management and operations of the Water User

Associations (WUA’s) in Kırşehir, Turkey. The survey was conducted through face to face interviews.

Likert types questions were used. The results of the study include guiding qualification to the

institutions, organizations and decision makers involved in water management.

Keywords: Water Management And Operations, Water User Associations, Agricultural Irrigation,

Kırşehir, Turkey

*

96



EVALUATION OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS DEALERS: CURRENT SITUATION AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN KIRŞEHIR, TURKEY

ARZU KANa, HAYRIYE DIDEM SAĞLAMb, ALI KORKMAZc, KADIR AKANd


bAHI EVRAN UNIVERSITY

cDIRECTORATES OF PROVINCIAL FOOD AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK dAHI EVRAN UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The main target in agricultural production is to get the highest yield and quality. There are biotic and

abiotic factors that affect the yield in productions. Therefore, the intensive pesticides or fertilizers

are used to reduce these effects. Pesticide using is increasing because of farmers use them an

unconscious way. The unconscious pesticide using is increasing the cost of the production and it has

a negative impact on the environment, human health and non-target organisms. Plant protection

product dealers are one of the important corporations that inform farmers about plant protection

issues and, they have an important effect on farmers. For this reason, the current situation of Plant

protection product dealers and need to be revealed their problems. This study was conducted to

evaluate current situations and finding problems of plant protection products dealers in 2017-2018

in Kırşehir. For this purpose, all plant protection products dealers were visited and interviewed by

face to face. SPSS statistical analysis program was used in the evaluation of the results. As a result of

the research, this surveys were determined the demographic structure of dealers, the number of the

personnel employed, the occupational proficiency status of dealers and the ability to find solution of

producers problems.

Keywords: Plant Protection Products, Dealer, Kırşehir,Turkey

*

97



EVALUATION OF SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF BORAX DECAHYDRATE ON FLAME RETARDANCY OF POLYPROPYLENE

YOLDAS SEKIa, MEHMET SARIKANATb, LUTFIYE ALTAYc, TUGCE UYSALMANd, GOZDE SEVIĞ

TANTUĞe,AKIN İSBILIRf


bEGE UNIVERSITY

cEGE UNIVERSITY dIMS POLYMERS eIMS POLYMERS fIMS POLYMERS

[email protected]

Abstract:

It is known that polypropylene is a easy flammable material and has a low limiting oxygen index (LOI)

value, which limits its usage range in industrial applications. In order to improve limiting oxygen

index (LOI) value of PP, a model system of intumescent flame retardantsincluding ammonium

polyphosphate (APP), which works as an acid source and blowing agent, and carbonization agent,

pentaerythritol (PER) was used in this study. However, Borax Decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) was

used as synergist to obtain high LOI values for PP. For this aim borax decahydrate at different weight

fractions ( 1,2 and 4%) was mixed with APP and PER mixture and compounded with PP by using twin

screw extruder. Upon addition of Borax decahydrate 4 wt% into mixture, LOI value increased from

35 to 59%. Tensile and three point bonding tests of composites were conducted to determine the

tensile and flexural properties. Besides izod/charpy nothched and unnotched impact strengths of

composites were also obtained. Thermal properties of composites were determined by

thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermomechanical analyses. Withe

addition of Borax dekahidrat into mixture, MFI values decreased. From this study, it canbe

concluded that borax decahydrate can be effectively used to increase the LOI value of PP-based

composites containing APP and PER.

Keywords: Polypropylene, Flame Retardant, Composite

*We would like to thank to Tubitak fur support with a project number 7160061

98



ENERGY DISSIPATION AND INCEPTION POINT OF AIR ENTRAINMENT FOR FLOWS OVER THE STEPPED CHANNELS

OKAN ARGIŞa, HAMIDULLAH TANIb, GOKCEN BOMBARc, AYŞEGÜL ÖZGENÇ AKSOYd

aDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, İZMIR KATIP

ÇELEBI UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, İZMIR KATIP

ÇELEBI UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, İZMIR KATIP

ÇELEBI UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Due to the integration of the stepped chute to the downstream face of a Roller Compacted Concrete

(RCC) dam, the body itself can be used as the spillway. The steps of the stepped channels act as high

roughness features and force the outer edge of the boundary layer to reach the free surface and to

initiate the natural free surface aeration which reduces the risk of cavitation. In order to examine the

effect of local contraction on the flow regimes, i.e., nappe, transition and skimming flow regimes,

energy dissipation and the point of inception of air entrainment, experiments were conducted on a

10 cm wide stepped channel having steps 12 cm high and 10 cm long in DEÜ Civil Engineering

Department Hydraulics Laboratory. It is observed that the presence of contraction appreciably

affects both the inception point and energy dissipation.

Keywords: Stepped Channel, Flow Regimes, Energy Dissipation, Air Entrainment

*no support

99



COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN COMBINED RAYLEIGH AND GAMMA FUNCTION MODELED ENVIRONMENT

MEKIC EDISa, PAVLOVIC ALEKSANDRAb

aSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NOVI PAZAR

bSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NOVI PAZAR

[email protected]

Abstract:

Derivation of closed-form expressions for probability density function (PDF) and cumulative

distribution function (CDF) of product of ratio of Rayleigh and Gamma Variate, have application in

performance analysis, modeling and simulation of cooperative diversity systems in fading

environments where envelope of the signal is affected by fast and slow fading. Envelope of co-

channel interference in this system is also affected by both types of fading. Derived solution will be

applied on physical multi hop relaying system to mitigate negative effects of fading on wireless

transmission systems. This approach will prove mathematical and physical applicability of the

cooperative diversity system in given environment.

Keywords: Fading, Rayleigh Distribution, Gamma Distribution

*

100



CONSTRUCTION, GAMIFICATION AND INNOVATION AS PART OF DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION INTEGRATED IN INTERNET OF THINGS

MEKIC EDISa, PAVLOVIC ALEKSANDRAb

aSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NOVI PAZAR

bSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NOVI PAZAR

[email protected]

Abstract:

New technologies in education, cheap and accessibly internet provided possibility for students to

access wide resources of knowledge. Question how this immersion of new technologies affect

existing systems of engineering education and ways how we can develop and adapt to new

technologies is of uttermost importance. The distinctive approach showed applicability in newly

developed environment. Constructive approach is approach were students develop solutions for

newly presented challenges based on theoretical learning, gamification were approaches of

rewarding and achievement based on game approach is used, and finally innovation were students

are encouraged to provide new and innovative solution for wider society. In this research we will

develop system based on this three pillar stone which is easily applicable in IoT environment and

test its effects on students using constructive qualitative methodology.

Keywords: Fading, Rayleigh Distribution, Gamma Distribution

*

101



ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT CLINICAL STRAINS

OMER KARPUZa, UGUR KARDILb, AZER OZAD DUZGUNc, ESMA AKYILDIZd, AYŞEGUL SARALe


SCIENCES, GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND BIOENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL

SCIENCES, GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND BIOENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL

SCIENCES, GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY dMOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC LABORATORY, RECEP TAYYIP ERDOĞAN UNIVERSITY

eDEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ARTVIN CORUH

UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Search for new and safe therapeutic methods against the approaching danger of antibiotic drug

resistance due to the unproper use of drugs is being a hot research area according to its importance

in near future. Many alternative approaches are being investigated suach as virophages,

bacteriophages, nanoscale medicines, monoclonal antibodies, antioxidants, probiotics, herbs.

Phytochemical features including pytochemical concentrations and synergistic and/or antagonist

properties are related to herbs’ antibacterial activities. Best known phytochemicals are steroids,

flavonoids, glycosides, β-carotene, coumarins, tannins, saponins, gallic acids, phenolic acid’s

alkaloids.

This research’s goal is to find out new herbal materials that are able to inhibit the growth of the

clinical isolates that has antibiotic resistance. Clinical isolates used in this research are Klebsiella

pneumoniae (n=1), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n=1) and Pseudomonas

aeruginosa (n=1). Plants and fruits that were collected in Trabzon region of Turkey are Calendula

suffruticosa, Hypericum perforatum and Glycyrrhiza glabra. DMSO were used as solvent and solid-

liquid extraction was employed. Micro-dilution method was preferred fo the determınation of the

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC results were obtained through observation of

turbidities.

Inhibition of clinical isolates of A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and E. coli was accomplished by the

extracts of Calendula suffruticosa. MIC values of Calendula suffruticosa’s extracts against A.

baumannii, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were 10 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml, respectively. MIC

results of the Hypericum perforatum extracts which only inhibited E. coli was 10 mg/ml. Glycyrrhiza

glabra inhibited all the isolates except E. coli. MIC values of Glycyrrhiza glabra’s extracts against A.

baumannii, K.pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were 10 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml, respectively.

In future, we will use different plants and different solvents for inhibition of clinical strains.

Keywords: Inhibition, MIC, Antibiotic Resistance 102



*

A PSEUDOSPECTRAL APPROACH TO THERMAL STRESS SOLUTIONS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CYLINDER

DURMUŞ YARIMPABUÇa, MEHMET EKERb, ALI YILDIRIMc, KERIMCAN ÇELEBİd

aDEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, OSMANIYE KORKUT ATA

UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, OSMANIYE KORKUT ATA

UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, OSMANIYE VOCATIONS SCHOOL, OSMANIYE

KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF CEYHAN ENGINEERING, CUKUROVA

UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are new advanced heat resistant materials that are used in

modern technologies such as heat shielding materials in space planes, nuclear fusion reactors,

pressure vessels for transportation and storage of gases/oil, energy conversion to achieve specific

thermal and/or mechanical properties. Using the Pseudospectral Chebyshev Method, a general

solution for the one-dimensional steady-state thermal and mechanical stresses in a hollow thick

cylinder made of functionally graded material (FGM) is presented. All material properties, except

Poisson’s ratio, are assumed to obey the exponential-law function through the wall thickness with

general boundary conditions on the inside and outside surfaces of the cylinder. These

inhomogeneity material properties produce an irregular and variable coefficient two-point linear

boundary value problem. Analytical solution of such equation may be possible for simple grading

functions, but it is not practical. Consequently, at this stage numerical solution is becoming essential.

The two-point linear boundary value problem is solved numerically by Pseudospectral Chebyshev

method. Pseudospectral Chebyshev method is a global method and converges at a rate that is faster

than that of conventional methods. It can be achieved a great accuracy for coarse grid points. The

displacement and thermal stress distributions are examined for different inhomogeneity

parameters. Benchmark solutions available in the literature are used to validate the results and to

observe the convergence of the numerical solutions.

Keywords: Functionally Graded Material, Hollow Thick-Walled Cylinder, Pseudospectral Chebyshev

Method, Thermal Stress

*

103



NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT THERMAL STRESS ON FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ANNULAR FIN

DURMUŞ YARIMPABUÇa, ALI YILDIRIMb, MEHMET EKERc, KERIMCAN ÇELEBİd

aDEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, OSMANIYE KORKUT ATA

UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, OSMANIYE VOCATIONS SCHOOL, OSMANIYE

KORKUT ATA UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING FACULTY, OSMANIYE KORKUT ATA

UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF CEYHAN ENGINEERING, CUKUROVA

UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

A numerical approach is presented for transient thermal stresses in axisymmetric thin annular fin,

made of a functionally graded material. The material properties, -thermal conductivity, modulus of

elasticity, linear thermal expansion coefficient- are assumed to be graded along the fin radius as a

power-law function while Poisson ratio of the fin is assumed to be constant. The temperature

distribution and thermal stress distribution on the annular fin are depend on time so the governing

equations are derived as partial differential equations. The partial differential equations are

transformed to ordinary differential equations by Laplace transform procedures. The governing

equations are solved on Laplace domain by using Complementary Functions Method (CFM) that will

be infused into the analysis to convert the problem to an initial value problem, which can be easily

solved by, for instance, Runge-Kutta methods with great accuracy. Then the result is transform into

real domain by using Durbin inverse Laplace Transformation method. The technique is validated for

the fin that is isotropic and homogeneous, and all the thermal properties are constant.

Keywords: Functionally Graded Annular Fin, Complementary Function Method, Transient Thermal

Stress

*

104



VARIABLES AFFECTING THE BITUMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOAMED ASFALT PRODUCTION

HUSEYIN AKBULUTa, SERDAL TERZİb, CAHIT GURERc, KEMAL ERTENd


bSULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY


[email protected]

Abstract:

Because of increased number of traffic and heavy loads causes improved highway standards and

increased asphalt pavements production. So the consumption of natural resources, the increase of

warehouse areas originating from scraped asphalt materials and the cost of production are

becoming increasingly important. For this reason, in recent years, the trend towards asphalt

pavement recycling has been accelerated in the world highway institutions..

Asphalt pavement recycling has been one of the most effective methods in terms of technical,

environmental and economic aspects. The cold recycling in place with foam bitumen where almost

all of the recovered asphalt material can be recycled.

The purpose of foaming the bitumen is to reduce the bitumen viscosity to ensure homogeneous

mixing of the cold recycling asphalt material, hence leads a production in low temperature, les

energy consumption and environmentally friendly pavement production . So the foaming bitumen,

hence foaming asphalt pavement has a variety of benefits in the production process.

In the scope of the study, it is shown that use of foam bitumen for foam asphalt production is the

most effective way of environmentally friendly asphalt pavement production.

Keywords: Foamed Asphalt, Cold Recycling Asphalt Pavement

*

105



HIGHWAY PAVEMENT SURFACE ICING AND TRAFFIC SAFETY

HUSEYİNa, CAHIT GURERb, LALE GEVREKc



cBOZOK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Due to the fact that highways have been the most used transportation mode in almost every

country. In the regions of countries with hard weather conditions during the winter season, various

problems, that have been encountered on the roads where terrestrial climate, threaten traffic

safety. It poses significant risks especially in road sections such as tunnels, bridges and vertical

kurves and also causes material loss accidents.

The methods used in the struggle with icing are divided into two classes as active and passive

methods. Passive methods are applied in two ways; chemical and physical. Chemical methods are

the application of a variety of chemicals to the pavement surface with the aim of preventing and

eliminating icing. These chemicals appear to cause some damage to environment, roads, metal parts

of vehicles and traffic sign boards and do not seem to provide the desired performance. Physical

methods are carried out by removing snow and ice from the coating surface by using work

machines. Using this method, both equipment workforce and time losses are occurring.

In the frame of the study, hydraulic heating systems, which are active methods, circulate a heated

fluid through a pipe network located below the pavement layer to melt snow and ice that

accumulate in the coating layer. Paper aims of using geothermal spring waters, which are clean and

inexpensive resources as heated liquids, that prevents without creating snow and ice without

causing environmental damage, human health and financial loss. So the hydraulic anti-icing systems

used in highway pavements have been evaluated that the system can make a great contribution on

traffic safety and road pavement management.

Keywords: :Traffic Safety, Anti-Icing Systems, Hydraulic Ice Melting

*

106



DISTRIBUTED LOCALIZATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

ONUR CIHANa

aMARMARA UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this paper, we study the localization problem in wireless sensor networks where the objective is

to determine the location of an object in two-dimensional space. Each sensor measures its distance

to the object and generates a linear equation with two unknowns: two coordinates of the unknown

object. The sensors are assumed to be imperfect, and the measurement errors are assumed to be

zero-mean Gaussian white noise. The problem can be reduced to solving the linear equation Ax=b+w

where w is the vector of sensor errors. We describe the information flow among the sensors by a

directed graph where the sensors exchange their estimates for the object coordinates with the

neighboring sensors. Each sensor starts with an initial estimate that solves its local linear equation,

and updates by utilizing a discrete-time update algorithm where the estimate at time step k+1 is a

linear function of the estimates of the neighboring sensors and the local estimate at time step k. We

show by a numerical example that the estimates of the agents in a particular primary layer subgraph

asymptotically converge to the least squares solution of the linear equation corresponding to the

same subgraph provided that the subgraph is strongly connected.

Keywords: Localization, Wireless Sensor Networks, Distributed Algorithms

*This work was sponsored by Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant

117E204.

107



SET TYPE YOGURT MAKING WITH AUTOMATION

ALI ERBILI BODURa

aUNIVERSITY OF CANAKKALE ONSEKIZMART

[email protected]

Abstract:

It is full of risks and uncertainties to make standard production in the dairy industry with the reason

that the raw material is easily degraded. Any deviations in production or raw material greatly affect

the whole product. As in most dairy products, too much manpower is used in the production of set

type yogurt on a small area. As the cost of automation goes downwards, the increased workload in

the dairy industry has begun to be loaded on automatic running machines and robots. Automation

and continous production in the dairy industry has been a driving force in providing more controlled,

hygienic and affordable products.

Industrial yogurt production is divided into two types, set type and stirred type. Set type

yogurt is simply incubated in retailer containers and cooled. Stirred type yogurt is incubated in a

tank and is aseptically packed in a fluid state. In fact, we can say that stirred type yogurt has been

developed from set type yogurt for hygienic and continous production.

This work simply presents a production plan approach for set type yogurt with automation.

We can say that the production of yogurt in the container with automation may have a less complex

feature in production line. Since the Mechanical operations and analysis in the production are run at

the same time, the analysis also will depend on the automation system.

Production will be described under two groups as operations on milk and operations on containers

after packaging. There is already automation in the processes up to milk pasteurization. Equipments

and devices which are considered to be used in the following operations such as the automatic

filling machine, conveyors, robots, sensors and palletizing systems, , will be explained in more detail.

Keywords: Set-Type Yogurt, Automation, Sensor

*

108



TANKS: A SHORT INVESTIGATION FROM THE DAIRY INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE

ALI ERBILI BODURa

aUNIVERSITY OF CANAKKALE ONSEKIZMART

[email protected]

Abstract:

Tanks are usually simple vessels. Tanks are equipment used to store both raw materials and

products. The proper design and layout of the tanks is very important for safe and economical

production. plants that process liquid food such as dairy and vegetable oil plants are filled with tanks

and pipes connecting them together. No matter how simple a dairy plant is, it can not produce

without a tank or a container.

Because the tanks used in the chemical industry are relatively large in size and often contain

flammable and toxic substances, these characteristics are taken into account in design and

installation. Those used in food and dairy industry are relatively small in volume. Since their content

is generally human food, they should avoid contamination and should not cause reactions that

would produce harmful and toxic substances.

Tanks can be categorized simply as fixed roof tanks, floating roof tanks, low temperature

storage tanks and pressure tanks. Those used in the food industry generally fall into the category of

fixed roof tanks. The issues that need to be considered in tank design and industrial installation are

spacing, arrangement, support, platform, maintenance, piping, nozzles and instrumentation.

Processes are generally carried out in tanks by batch method. In this case, the tanks are

called process tanks in the food industry. The process tanks are also referred to as fermentors,

reactors, mixers, etc according to the place where they are used. In the dairy industry, most of the

production is carried out in process tanks by traditional methods. These are pasteurizer, fermenter,

milk powder tower, churning machine, raw milk storage tank, ice cream mixer, etc. In this study, the

properties of these tanks will be briefly explained with engineering and food perspectives.

Keywords: Engineering, Dairy Industry, Process Tank

*

109



EVALUATION OF THE ELASTIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WC/ FE-TI CERAMIC-METAL COMPOSITES FABRICATED BY POWDER

METALLURGY

VILDAN ÖZKAN BİLİCİa, İSMAIL HAKKI SARPÜNb, MEHMET SELAMI KILIÇKAYAc


bAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY

cESKIŞEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Tungsten carbide (WC) is an attractive reinforcing material for iron and its alloys. This work was done

to select a possible replacement for iron and titanium as a binder through a phase diagram approach

using selected WC-X systems. Composite samples were produced from tungsten carbide, iron and

titanium matrix powders by using a powder metallurgy. Prepared samples were sintered at the

temperature of 1000 ºC under Ar shroud. The Young’s modulus (E) has been calculated with density

and the ultrasonic velocity measured through ultrasonic pulse-echo method and immersion method.

All ultrasonic velocity measurements were made in mold with the same length and diameter. The

hot-disk method was used to measure the thermal conductivity. There is a steady increase in the

relation between elastic modulus and thermal conductivity. In addition, as seen in the SEM images, it

can be also said that increasing the volume fraction of WC particles favored the grain refinement,

have a stable structure improved the hardness and strength, but decreased the ductility. The results

have been compared with the literature.

Keywords: Composite, Young’s Modulus, Pulse-Echo, Immersion, Thermal Conductivity

*

110



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FUSION REACTOR STRUCTURAL MATERIAL B4C COMPOSITES

VILDAN ÖZKAN BİLİCİa, İSMAIL HAKKI SARPÜNb, AHMET BOZKURTc, SUAT PATd, ABDULLAH AYDINe


bAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY

cAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY dESKIŞEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY

eKIRIKKALE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the most important and widely used materials in nuclear science and

engineering. Boron Carbide (B4C) is a very hard (9.5+ in Mohs scale), low specific gravity (2.52),

covalent ceramic that offers distinct advantages for applications involving neutron absorption, wear

resistance, and impact resistance. Due to high neutron absorption cross section, boron and its

compounds find extensive application in the nuclear industry. Also, fusion reactor structural material

B4C composite is used as shielding materials to absorb neutrons in the nuclear reactors and control

road materials. In this study, B4C composites, which were produced in Eskişehir Osmangazi

University by plasma RF sputtering method and some physical properties of boron carbide

composites produced as candidate materials were investigated.

Keywords: Composite, Boron Carbide, RF Sputtering, Fusion Reactor

*

111



PROBLEMS OF READY-MIXED CONCRETE USERS IN TURKEY

VOLKAN ARSLANa, SERDAR ULUBEYLIb


bBULENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Ready-mixed concrete (RMC) is the mostly used construction material in the world. Similarly, in

2016, RMC of 109 million m3 was consumed in construction activities in Turkey. This substantial

amount gives a pivotal role to RMC for the Turkish construction industry. Therefore, problems of

RMC users may have a significant impact on construction and construction-related industries in the

country. In fact, the problems faced by RMC users in procurement and utilization activities of this

material are well-known in the industry. These can be listed as the amount of RMC delivered, timely

delivery, payment on time, and the RMC quality. For this reason, the objective of the study was to

identify the problems of RMC users and to make corresponding recommendations for possible

solutions. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was conducted with active RMC users in Turkey.

Then, answers given were evaluated statistically through SPSS 24.0. Consequently, current problems

of RMC users in Turkey were clarified. As a practical implication, the results obtained may have

useful potential for RMC users and producers to benefit in industrial practices.

Keywords: Problems, Ready-Mixed Concrete, Turkey, User

*

112



TURKISH CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONALS’ AWARENESS OF HANDICAPPED PEOPLE

SERDAR ULUBEYLIa, VOLKAN ARSLANb


bBULENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Approximately nine million people in Turkey were described as handicapped in 2017. This huge

amount of people with special needs should meet proper conditions to be active in daily life. For this

purpose, several legal regulations were issued in the international and national arena to create

accessible cities. In accordance with these regulations, local authorities are responsible to build an

accessible built environment for handicapped people. To achieve this, great attention is naturally

expected from construction professionals in their designing and constructing activities. However, as

a general perception of the society, handicapped people in Turkey are dissatisfied with the current

accessibility status of buildings and streets. Although legal regulations seems appropriate to solve

accessibility problems in Turkey, improper design and construction activities and the lack of

inspections can be considered as the main reasons of the discontent. Therefore, the aim of the

current study was to clarify the awareness level of Turkish construction professionals on

handicapped people. In order to do this, a questionnaire survey was conducted with construction

professionals working actively in Turkey. The related answers were evaluated statistically through

SPSS 24.0. As a result, construction professionals’ perceptions of handicapped people were

determined, and thus, possible solutions were offered to create accessible cities in Turkey.

Consequently, both non-governmental organizations related to handicapped people and Turkish

construction professionals may benefit from the results of the study as a practical implication.

Keywords: Accessibility, Awareness, Construction Professionals, Handicapped People, Turkey

*

113



POLYMERIC CONTROLLED RELEASE SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW

ÖZLEM AYDINa

aAHI EVRAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF

FOOD ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

Controlled release with polymer-based delivery systems has become one of the most interesting

topics in pharmaceutical science and technology since 1980s. Drug delivery is a discipline developing

and evolving rapidly all over the world. The application of synthetic copolymers in controlled release

systems circumvented the limitations of conventional, rapid release dosage forms. Biodegradable

polymers are preferred due to abundancy, lack of toxicity and compatibility. Controlled release aims

to supply drugs and/or bioactive agents within biocompatible carriers to the living system either by

controlling the site and/or controlling the rate of drug released. Control on the application site can

be achieved by active or passive targeting to the injured region of the body. The form of drug

delivery systems can be sphere, capsule, rod, membrane, slab, etc. Their size may vary from nano,

micro or to mili levels depending on the aim. Controlled release dosage form is the most important

part of the subject. Drug property, route of administration, property of delivering vehicle, drug

release mechanism, targeting ability and biocompatibility determine the dosage of released drug.

Apart from drugs, delivery systems can be designed for gene and protein delivery purposes.

Controlled delivery system aims to reduce the frequency of administrations, which would be a relief

to many patients including the elderly and those chronically ill. In addition, a steady-state level of the

drug minimizes the side effects through reducing fluctuations in drug level. As a result, controlled

release is the technique to control the release of drugs so as to maintain a relatively constant,

effective plasma level for an extended period of time by reproducible and predictable kinetics.

Keywords: Controlled Release, Polymer, Drug, Biodegradable, Biocompatible

*

114



STUDY ON CONTROLLED ANTIBIOTIC RELEASE FEATURED BIODEGRADABLE FOOD PACKAGING

ÖZLEM AYDINa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Controlled release systems have been studying since 1980s especially in pharmacology field. It

becomes important in food, chemistry, agriculture etc. nowadays. Controlled drug delivery aims to

supply bioactive agents within biocompatible carriers to the system either by controlling the site

and/or controlling the rate of agent released. Food applications such as encapsulation of food

ingredients and probiotics in encapsulation technology develop as fast as pharmacology. By means

of encapsulation it is possible to improve the food properties. It can be also possible to protect the

foods by encapsulation technology instead of using food preservatives. In this work, antibiotic

loaded microspheres and casted polymeric film is mixed to make a controlled release featured food

package. This study aims to decrease the negative effects of food preservatives. First of all, antibiotic

microencapsulation is performed. Then, antibiotic loaded microspheres are casted into films.

Antibiotic is casted into same film for control. The released antibiotic is measured and then release

profile is obtained. The two forms of release system (microsphere and antibiotic alone) is compared.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a model food package. The model drug is an antibiotic called as

doxycycline, is in a group of tetracyclines. Doxycycline is encapsulated in polycaprolactone which is

a member of polyesters. Food preservatives are added into food to protect from contamination and

spoilage. Encapsulation of preservatives into package material rather than adding to the food will

decrease the dosage of preservatives getting through the body from foods. The results obtained

from this study gives us encouragement to make new controlled release featured food packages.

Keywords: Food, Package, Encapsulation, Controlled Release, Antibiotic

*This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit Project

Number: MMF.A3.16.001

115



THE EFFECT OF THE SLOPE ON THE LANDSLIDE

SEDA ÇELLEKa


[email protected]

Abstract:

There are many morphological factors that cause landslide. The most influential ones are

determined by the literature survey that shows slope, elevation, curvature and aspec. The

parameters alone are not effective in the formation of landslides. Co-evaluation of multiple

parameters facilitates understanding of the mechanism of landslide formation. However, in the first

step, each parameter alone must be evaluated.

In this study, the effect of slope parameter on landslide formation was investigated with literature

data. For this purpose, about 1,000 landslide susceptibility articles have been examined. In the

study, it was tried to show the advantages and disadvantages of using the slope parameter in

landslide susceptibility studies. Tables were created from slope values in selected articles. In this

way, it has been tried to show which slope intervals the landslides have come to fruition. Finally, the

relation between the slope and the other parameters is taken into consideration.

Keywords: Landslide, Slope, Susceptibility, Elevation,Aspect

*

116



COMPARISON OF LIMITED ELASTIC MODUL-STRAIN GRAPHICS OF SANDS PREPARED AT DIFFERENT DENSITY

SEDA ÇELLEKa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Sands that they have different mineralogy were selected for study. Sand 1, Type 5, Type 9 and Type

13 names are given. These specimens were then subjected to different grindin procedures and three

more specimens were prepared from each. Types 14, 15 and 16 sands were obtained by grinding

Type 10, 11, 12 and Type 13 sand with grindin of Type 6, 7, 8 and 9 types of sand with Type 2, 3 and

4, Type 5 sand grindin by grinding Type 1 sand. Each sample that is soil is prepared at 40%

consistency. Samples were prepared at 55%, 58%, 61% and 73% of the type 1 sand. Samples of type

5 sand were prepared at 55%, 58%, 61% and 73%, respectively. Samples of type 9 sand were

prepared at 40%, 58%, 60%, 65% and 68%, respectively. Sands were prepared from type 13 sand

with a density of 45%, 61%, 63% and 68%. The values are calculated for each sample and the tables

are prepared. Finally, the graphics are drawn and visually compared.

Keywords: Imited Elastic Modul, Strain, Sand, Density

*

117



INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE PRODUCED BY USING CARBON BLACK

AHMET RAIF BOĞAa, OĞUZCAN KANDEMİRb, CAHIT GÜRERc

aCIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bCIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cCIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING FACULTY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

During winters, extreme conditions such as snowing and icing cause dangerous problems on

highways and airport runways, and these problems affects negatively the transportation. People

have been making great efforts to solve these problems, but some methods can cause deterioration

in pavement. In recent years, electrically conductive concretes are used to tackle the snowing and

icing problems. In this study, it was aimed to produce concrete specimens with low electrical

resistivity and high electrical conductivity. Therefore, carbon black was added into concrete

specimens.

It was observed that homogeneous distribution of the conductive materials in the concrete has a

considerable affect on electrical conductivity. Therefore, methylcellulose and silica fume were used

as dispersant agents. In the study carbon black was used in different rates, and its effects on

physical, mechanical and conductivity properties of concrete was observed. Ultrasonic pulse

velocity, compressive strength, and electrical resistivity tests were performed on concrete

specimens with carbon black in different rates. The test results show that there is a linear

relationship between dosage of carbon black and electrical conductivity of the concrete specimens.

It was concluded that that electrically conductive concrete has the potential to become

environmentally friendly de-icing method to use on the roadway surfaces.

Keywords: Concrete, Carbon Black, Electrical Conductivity, Anti-Icing Applications

*This research study was supported by the Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Committee. Project

Number: 17.KARİYER.210

118



THE INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIORS OF HIGH-SPEED OXY-FUEL (HVOF) TECHNIQUE COATED DUCTILE

IRONS

YUSUF KAYALIa, MUHAMMET KARABAŞb, YILMAZ YALCINc, AYSEL BUYUKSAĞIŞd, ŞÜKRÜ TALAŞe

aDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY,

AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF METALLURGY-

CHEMISTRY, İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY,

AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ART, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

eDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY,

AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, alloyed and unalloyed ductile irons (DI) were coated with two different Ni-based

materials by HVOF method. Microstructure and phase analyzes of the coatings were performed to

by using SEM, EDX, XRD methods. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloyed and unalloyed

SGCI are investigated in 3.5% (w / v) NaCl solution. As a result of the characterization studies it was

observed that a dense non-porous coating layer of about 80 μm thickness was obtained on the cast

iron samples and continuous adhesion was provided between the coating and the substrate. It has

been determined that the cast iron coated with AMDRY 9624 contains γ and β intermetallic phases

and the coating produced with AMDRY 9951 commercial powder contains only γ phase. As a result

of coating process, the corrosion rate of the alloyed and unalloyed spherical graphite cast irons is

reduced. Also, the corrosion rate of the coating produced with AMDRY 9951 is higher than the

coating produced with AMDRY 9624. The presence of intermetallic phases in the coating produced

with AMDRY 9624 increased the corrosion resistance of the coatings.

Keywords: Hvof Technique, Ductile Iron, Electrochemical Methods, Corrosion Resistance.

*The authors are grateful to the Scientific Research Project Council of Afyon Kocatepe University (Project

Number:17.KARİYER.231

119



PLAZMA PASTA BORLAMA YÖNTEMIYLE BORLANMIŞ AISI D2 ÇELIĞININ AŞINMA DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESI

YILMAZ YALÇINa, YUSUF KAYALIb, ŞÜKRÜ ÜLKERc

aMETALURJI VE MALZEME MÜHENDISLIĞI BÖLÜMÜ, TEKNOLOJI FAKÜLTESI, AFYON KOCATEPE

ÜNIVERSITESI

bMETALURJI VE MALZEME MÜHENDISLIĞI BÖLÜMÜ, TEKNOLOJI FAKÜLTESI, AFYON KOCATEPE

ÜNIVERSITESI

cMAKINA MÜHENDISLIĞI BÖLÜMÜ, TEKNOLOJI FAKÜLTESI, AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI

[email protected]

Abstract:

Bu çalışmada, AISI D2 soğuk iş takım çeliğini 700, 750 C sıcaklıklarında 2 ve 4 saat süreyle %70 H2-

%30 Ar gaz karışımında 10 mbar basınç altında ve ağırlıkça %100 Boraks pasta kullanılarak plazma

pasta borlama yöntemi ile borlanmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda, çelik yüzeylerinde oluşan borür

tabakalarının morfolojisi optik mikroskobu ile incelenmiştir. Sertlik değerleri, mikro-sertlik cihazı ile

ölçülmüş ve tabaka üzerinde oluşturulan fazlar XRD yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. XRD analizinde FeB,

Fe2B ve CrB fazlarının borür tabakasının üzerinde oluştuğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, borlanmış

çeliklerde elde edilen borür tabakasının kalınlık değerleri, borlama süresi ve sıcaklığın artmasıyla

artığı görülmüştür. AISI D2 çeliğinin orijinal sertlik değeri 452 HV0,05 iken, borlama işlemi

sonucunda, 1789 HV0,05 kadar artığı görülmüştür. Borlama işlemi AISI D2 çeliğinin aşınma direncini

artırmıştır. Fakat, artan borlama sıcaklığı ve süresiyle aşınma hızında artış meydana gelmiştir.

Keywords: AISI D2 Çeliği, %100 Boraks, Plazma Pasta Borlama, Mikrosertlik, Aşınma.

*Bu çalışma için 17.Kariyer.232 nolu projeyi destekleyen Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma

Projeleri Komisyonu

120



DETERMINATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SHARK CARTILAGE (SC) AND SHARK LIVER OIL (SLO) COLON AND LUNG CANCER BY CELL

CULTURE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

MINE DOSAY-AKBULUTa, ELVAN AKGÜLb, NADIR KOÇAK,c, TUĞÇE DURANd, VASFIYE BETÜL

UÇARe

aAFYON KOCATEPE UNI.

bAFYON KOCATEPE UNI.

cSELÇUK UNI. MEDICAL FACULTY dSELÇUK UNI. MEDICAL FACULTY eSELÇUK UNI. MEDICAL FACULTY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Introduction: In treatment of cancer, sharks, with their cartilage and liver oil, has been presented as

a one of these new sources in this study. Cell culture is a preferred method in terms of reducing the

use of experimental animals and to study is more easily.

Method: For lung cancer; The H209 cells; and "CaCo-2 / An1 (Human Colon Adenocarcinoma-

human)" were used as a colon cancer line in our cell culture study. Shark cartilage and liver oil were

used for the treatment.

Findings: When the SLO is administered; the IC50 effective dose value was 200 mg / l at 24 hours;

When SC is administered; the IC50 effective dose value was 120 mg / l at 6 hours against to colon

cancer.

When the SLO is administered; the IC50 effective dose value was 80 mg / l at 48 hours; When SC is

administered; the IC50 effective dose value was 120 mg / l at 48 hours against to lung cancer.

Result: SC application was found to be more effective with a shorter time and lower doses in colon

cancer lines; the SLO was a little more effective, with a lower doses in a the same period of time; in

lung cancer lines.

Keywords: Colon And Lung Cancer, Shark Cartilage And Liver Oil, Cell Culture.

*Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi 13.SAĞ.BİL.15 project number

supported

121



DETERMINATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE SHARK CARTİLAGE (SC) AND LIVER OIL (SLO) AGAINST TO FA AND DMH

APPLICATION ON GENETİC BASES

MINE DOSAY-AKBULUTa, ELVAN AKGÜLb

aAFYON KOCATEPE UNI.

bAFYON KOCATEPE UNI.

[email protected]

Abstract:

Introduction: It is known that DMH, a potent strong carcinogen and formaldehyde (FA) cause to

epithelial cell damage. It has been stated that cartilage can be used to treat malignancies and shark

liver oils are very rich in 1-O-alkylglycerols with the ability to strengthen the immune system.

Method : 80 rats have been classified as follows :

40 DMH Group: 4 ;control - 6 ; given DMH but not cured – 15; given DMH and cured with SC -15;

given DMH and cured with SLO

40 Formaldehite group : 4; control – 6;Given FA but not cured - 15 ; given FA and cured with SC -15 ;

given FA and cured with SLO.

Findings: The cartilage (SC) administration have a curative effect by increasing the activities of both

Tnf-α and p53 genes, against to DMH application, reason of cancer formation and increasing of p53

genesin FA application, reason of lung damage. In both application; the SLO administration showed

pronounced curative effect mainly in Tnf-α activity.

Results: Against to DMH application, reason of cancer formation; the cartilage (SC) was more

effective via increasing the p53 gene activities. Liver oil (SLO) application has an better effect on

mainly Tnf-α gene. SC showed better effect in p53 activity; and SLO was more effective on Tnf-α

gene for lung damage treatment, caused by FA administration.

Keywords: DMH, FA, Colon Cancer, Lung Damage, Shark Cartilage, Shark Liver Oil.

*Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi 13.SAĞ.BİL.15 project number

supported

122



ANGIOTENSION CONVERTING ENZYME I INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF MACROLEPIOTA PROCERA (PARASOL MUSHROOM)

ALI ZEYTÜNLÜOĞLUa

aPAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Angiotension converting enzyme I (ACE-I; peptidyldipeptide hydrolase EC 3.4.15.1) plays an

important role in the control of blood pressure and participates in the body’s renin-angiotensin-

aldosterone hormonal system to regulate blood pressure. It is recommended to inhibit ACE activity

in patients suffering from hypertension. Compared to chemosynthetic drugs, ACE-I inhibitors derived

from natural sources such as food proteins are believed to be safer for consumption and to have

fewer adverse effects. Some edible mushrooms have been reported to significantly reduce blood

pressure after oral administration.

The main purpose of the present study based on the screening of inhibitory effects on ACE-I enzyme

of Macrolepiota procera (parasol mushroom) mushroom extracts. Parasol mushroom is a

basidiomycete fungus, prominent fruiting body resembling a parasol. It is a fairly common species on

well-drained area and found solitarity or in groups and fairy rings in pastures and occasionally in

woodland. Parasol mushroom is globally widespread in the temperate regions. ACE-I enzyme was

purified from sheep lung; 349 fold with a yield of % 1.5 by using ammonium sulfate precipitation

followed by ConA-Sepharose 4B and Lisinopril-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The extract of M.

procera demonstrated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity for ACE-I purified

from sheep lungs.

Our study showed that the IC50 value of extracts from parasol mushroom to be 326.6 µg/mL. The

results indicate that M. procera might have a potential antihypertensive effect.

Keywords: Angiotension Converting Enzyme I, Enzyme Inhibition, Hypertension, Macrolepiota

Procera

*

123



EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF BRAKE PEDAL FORCE ON VEHICLE

HÜSEYİN BAYRAKÇEKENa, TUĞÇE TÜRKBAYb, FARUK EMRE AYSALc




[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, the effects of the brake pedal force on the vehicle has been investigated by using

brake-suspension test device which simulates real road conditions under laboratory conditions at

Afyon Kocatepe University, Department of Automotive Engineering.

A pressure sensor has been installed at the brake master cylinder outlet which can measure up to 25

bar to measure the fluid pressure in the brake line during braking. The load cell was placed on the

brake pedal of the test device to measure the force on the brake pedal. Experiments were carried

out at different pressing conditions on brake pedal by using three different drivers. As a result, many

parameters, for instance brake pedal force, brake system reaction, change in value of brake force,

etc. has been investigated in the laboratory.

Keywords: Brake Test, Brake Pedal Force, Brake Fluid Pressure.

*AKU BAPK PROJECT NO: 18.KARİYER.58

124



EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF FORGETTING LEFT FOOT ON THE BRAKE PEDAL TO FUEL CONSUMPTION

HÜSEYİN BAYRAKÇEKENa, TUĞÇE TÜRKBAYb, FARUK EMRE AYSALc




[email protected]

Abstract:

One of the most common operating errors encountered with automatic gearboxes is the use of the

vehicle with two foot. This causes the brake pedal to be depressed at the same time as the gas pedal

during travel. In some cases, the novice driver forgets his left foot on the brakes while driving. As a

result, there is an increase in fuel consumption as well as defects in the vehicle braking system. In

this study, the effect of forgetting the left foot on the brake pedal during driving was investigated

experimentally. With the purpose of observed fuel consumption, the experiments carried out in

Brake-Suspension tester was performed for three different brake fluid pressure occurred in the

brake master cylinder. As a result, a curve representing the effect of forgetting the left foot brake

pedal on fuel consumption has been obtained. In addition, this curve is mathematically modelled by

using the hybrid iterative nonlinear regression algorithm. Thus, the physical nature of the situation

discussed is mathematically characterized.

Keywords: Brake Test, Fuel Consumption, Brake Fluid Pressure.

*AKU BAPK PROJECT NO: 18.KARİYER.58

125



KINETIC STUDIES ON THE REMOVAL OF REACTIVE BLUE 49 DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ONTO CHITOSAN-ACTIVATED SLUDGE

COMPOSITE PARTICLES

SAHRA DANDILa, DENIZ AKIN SAHBAZb, CAGLAYAN ACIKGOZc

aCHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING FACULTY, BILECIK SEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE

UNIVERSITY

cCHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING FACULTY, BILECIK SEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Active sludge technology is widely used all over the world. For environmental and ecological

reasons, the disposal of these sludges has become immensely important. The aim of this study was

to evaluate the sludge produced in biological treatment systems as an adsorbent. Sample of active

sludge were collected from a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The active sludge (containing

Trametes versicolor) was used for the decolorization of simulated textile wastewater in MBR. The

contact time between the pollutant and the adsorbent has significant importance in the wastewater

treatment by adsorption. A rapid uptake of pollutants and establishment of equilibrium in a short

period signifies the efficacy of that adsorbent for its use in wastewater treatment. In this study, the

adsorption characteristics of Reactive Blue 49 (RB49) from aqueous solution onto chitosan-activated

sludge particles crosslinked with glutaraldehyde have been investigated. The effect of contact time

for the adsorption of RB49 by the chitosan composites was studied for a period of 28 h for initial dye

concentrations of 60 mg/l at 25°C. Adsorbent dosage was 0.025 g/50 ml of dye solution at pH 1. The

adsorption capacities of the synthesized chitosan was 16.91 mg/g for dye RB49. Kinetics of

adsorption was determined by analyzing adsorptive uptake of the dye from aqueous solution at

different time intervals. In order to investigate the adsorption processes of RB49 on the chitosan

composites, four kinetic models were used, including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order,

Bangham and intra-particle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the

best fit to the experimental data for the adsorption of RB49 dye. Overall, this study indicates the

chitosan-activated sludge particles as an effective adsorbent for the removal of RB49 dye from the

aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Chitosan, Composite, Kinetics

*

126



CHITOSAN-MUSSEL SHELL COMPOSITES AS A NOVEL ADSORBENT TO REMOVE REACTIVE BLUE 49 DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION: KINETIC

STUDY

SAHRA DANDILa, DENIZ AKIN SAHBAZb, CAGLAYAN ACIKGOZc

aDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BILECIK SEYH EDEBALI

UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE

UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BILECIK SEYH EDEBALI

UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Mussel shells are a major source of waste in some marine countries around the world. Chitosan is a

cationic biopolymer obtained chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and supporting

material of crustaceans, insects, etc. And also it is a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible and

acts as an efficient adsorbent because of the amino functional groups. The aim of this study was to

evaluate the waste mussel shells as an adsorbent and determine the optimum contact time between

the pollutant and the adsorbent. Contact time is the time period during which the composite is in

contact with the dye solution, one of important parameters in adsorption studies. In this study,

crosslinked chitosan-mussel shell particles was used as an adsorbent to remove Reactive Blue 49

(RB49) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption of RB49 by the chitosan-mussel shell composites

was studied for a period of 28 h at different time intervals. Initial dye concentrations was 60 mg/l

and adsorbent dosage was 0.025 g/50 ml of dye solution at pH 1 at 25°C. The adsorption capacities

of the synthesized chitosan-mussel shel composites was 14.41 mg/g. In order to investigate the

kinetic models of RB49 on the chitosan-mussel shell composites, four kinetic models were used,

including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Bangham and intra-particle diffusion models.

The best fit to the experimental data provided with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the

adsorption of RB49 dye. This study determines that the chitosan-mussel shell composite particles as

an cost effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of RB49 dye from the aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Adsorption, Chitosan, Composite, Kinetics, Mussel Shell Copper Ions In Wastewater

Streams Can Be Reduced And Recovered By Severa

*

127



DETERMINATION OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES IN VEGETABLE GROWING AREAS IN KIRŞEHIR, TURKEY#

HAYRIYE DIDEM SAĞLAMa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Vegetables have a very important place in our daily diets. In recent years, farmers have focused on

obtaining high quality and yield from fields. However, some biotic and abiotic factors affect the yield

and quality of products. One of these factors is plant-parasitic nematodes. Each year, plant-parasitic

nematodes are caused estimated to be 80 billion dollars in yield losses. Their damage is easily

confused with other biotic and abiotic factors so farmers cannot control them and cause to be yield

losses up to 100%. Although many economically important species were obtained in vegetable

growing areas in different part of Turkey, no studied have been conducted to determine the plant

parasitic nematodes species in Kırşehir. The aim of this study was to determine plant-parasitic

nematodes species in vegetables growing areas in the province of Kırşehir. Totally 235 soil and root

samples were collected from vegetable fields during 2014-2015. Soil and root samples were

extracted by modified baermann funnel method (Pedri dish method). Plant parasitic nematodes

were permanently prepared for the diagnostic studies. As a result of this study, 4 important plant

parasitic species belonging to the orders Tylenchida were recorded. Most common species were

found in Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) and Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Chitwood

and. Oteifa 1952.

Keywords: Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Vegetables, Kırşehir

*This study was financed by Kırşehir Ahi Evran Uni., Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit PYO-

ZRT.4001.14.005

128



ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY BEHAVIORS OF POWDER CARBON FIBER REINFORCED CARBON FIBER EPOXY HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS

YELDA AKÇİN ERGÜNa, İSMAIL SINAN ATLIb, MELIH ÖZÇATALc




[email protected]

Abstract:

The issue of electrical conductivity is one of the most important problems of polymer composite

materials which are frequently used in the aviation sector. In polymer composites, which are

frequently preferred for aircraft production in recent years due to their light weight and mechanical

strength, this problem is tried to be overcome with metal mesh nets coated on aircrafts. However,

this process both increases the total weight and causes an extra production cost.

In this study, electrical conductivity behaviors of epoxy\ carbon fiber\powder carbon fiber hybrid

composites prepared with different powder carbon fiber reinforcement ratios were investigated.

The SEM images show that the powdered carbon fibers used as reinforcing materials in the size

range of 100-400 micrometers tend to be less agglomerated due to their micron size. As a result of

the inhibition of agglomeration and the good dispersion of the conductive carbon fiber particles in

the resin, the electrical conductivity values are increased compared to the materials without carbon

fiber reinforced powder.

Keywords: Electrical Conductivity, Polymer Composite, Carbon Fiber Dust

*

129



THE INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AL2O3 REINFORCED EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS

İSMAIL SINAN ATLIa, YELDA AKÇİN ERGÜNb, MELIH ÖZÇATALc, ARIF ERŞANd

aAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING dAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, Al2O3 / epoxy composite materials were produced and some tests were carried out to

evaluate the mechanical performance of Al2O3-added epoxy composite materials. First, mechanical

mixing is performed to ensure that the particles are homogeneously dispersed in the resin. Tests

such as the three point bend test, the Charpy impact test and the Shore D hardness test were

performed to examine the mechanical properties and determine the performance of epoxy-Al2O3

composite materials. As a result of the experiments, the result is that the Al2O3 additive increases

the flexural strength, impact strength and hardness of the epoxy material.

Keywords: Epoxy, Al2O3, Mechanical Properties

*

130



THE EFFECT OF AL2TIO5 ADDITION ON THE DENSIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF MGAL2O4

MELIH ÖZÇATALa, M. SERHAT BAŞPINARb, İSMAIL GÖKSELc, EMRE ÖZd

aDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

One of the most widely used refractory in cement rotary kilns, in the iron and steel industries, and as

well as glass melting furnaces is magnesium aluminate spinel. In spite of its excellent refractory

properties, there are some problems during the production of magnesium aluminate spinel such as:

poor sinterability and crack formation leading poor mechanical strength. This study focuses on the

effect of the aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) addition on the densification behavior of the magnesium

aluminate spinel. The experiments were done by adding 2.5, 5 and, 10 (wt. %) Al2TiO5 to the

equimolar mixture of α-Al2O3 and MgO. Pellets were formed by uniaxial pressing and the samples

were sintered at two different temperatures, 1500 and 1600 by 4 hours. The densities of the

samples were determined by Archimedes method, phase contents by XRD, and microstructure by

SEM. The study results showed that Al2TiO5 additions increased the density of the sintered samples

at both sintering temperatures.

Keywords: Magnesium Aluminate Spinel, Aluminum Titanate, Refractory Ceramics, Sintering,

Density

*

131



SINTERABILITY OF MULLITE-AL2TIO5 CERAMIC COMPOSITES

MELIH ÖZÇATALa, M. SERHAT BAŞPINARb, MUHARREM ÖZTÜRKc, ENES KUMBASARd

aDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

bDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

cDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY dDEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Mullite is the one of the most common refractory material for advanced structural and functional

applications. Aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) ceramics has excellent refractory properties such as high

melting point, low thermal conductivity and good thermal shock resistance. In this work, mullite-

aluminum titanate ceramic composites were synthesized from kaolinite and α-Al2O3 and, MgO

doped Al2TiO5. Experimental samples were produced with uniaxial pressing under 30 MPa with

solid-state sintering 1400 and 1500 °C for 4 hours. The densities of the samples were determined by

Archimedes method, phase contents by XRD and microstructures by SEM. XRD results revealed that

unreacted α-Al2O3 remained and Al2TiO5 addition increased mullite formation. When sintering

temperature increased, mullite formation increased and unreacted α-Al2O3 decreased. It was found

that the addition of Al2TiO5 increased apparent porosity and decreased bulk density of ceramic

composite.

Keywords: Mullite, Aluminum Titanate, Refractory Ceramics, Sinterability, Density

*

132



MONTE CARLO CALCULATED STOPPING POWER AND RANGE OF ALPHA PARTICLES IN WATER

AHMET BOZKURTa, İSMAIL HAKKI SARPÜNb

aAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING,

ANTALYA, TURKIYE

bAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, ANTALYA, TURKIYE

[email protected]

Abstract:

Alpha particles have a wide range of industrial and medical applications. This study investigates

stopping power and range of alpha particles in water medium using Monte Carlo simulations. A

point source emitting mono-energetic pencil beam of alpha particles irradiatied a 30 cm radius

water cylinder placed in vacuum. Disk-shaped thin detectors (r=2 cm) were placed inside the cylinder

to obtain average absorbed dose and flux at different distances within the phantom. MCNP6 was

used to yield average flux and absorbed dose in each detector cell to later compute the value of the

stopping power for water at incoming alpha energy. The results obtained in this study are compared

with the data from the NIST compilation.

Keywords: MCNP, Stopping Power, Range

*

133



(Γ,N) CROSS SECTION CALCULATION OF SEVERAL SN ISOTOPES BY USING DIFFERENT RADIATIVE STRENGTH FUNCTION MODELS

İSMAIL HAKKI SARPÜNa, HASAN ÖZDOĞANb, AHMET BOZKURTc, ABDULLAH KAPLANd

aAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, ANTALYA, TURKIYE

bAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF BIOPHYSICS, ANTALYA, TURKIYE

cAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING,

ANTALYA, TURKIYE dSULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND ARTS FACULTY, PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, ISPARTA,

TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Photonuclear reaction mechanisms have been investigated since 1950s. Photonuclear reaction data

are very important for understanding of the structure and dynamics of the atomic nucleus. Radiative

strength function describes the average energy distribution of photon emission from highly–excited

states or cross–section for photon absorption. In this study, (γ,n) cross–sections of

116,117,118,119Sn isotopes have been calculated by using Two Component Exciton Model for

different radiative strength functions in the range of giant dipole resonance region. For gamma

strength functions Brink-Axel Lorentzian Model, Hartree–Fock BCS tables, Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov

tables and Goriely’s Hybrid Model have been employed. The best radiative strength function model

has been determined by using the relative variance calculations. Experimental data for the

investigated reactions have been taken from EXFOR library and used for comparisons of the

obtained calculation results.

Keywords: Photonuclear Reaction, Talys, Strength Functions

*

134



INFLUENCE OF AUTOMOTIVE COOLING FLUID ON GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYAMIDE 6.6 MATERIALS - APPROACHES TO PREDICT

THE LIFE-TIME

KONSTANTINA HARRASSa

aCOLOGNE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

[email protected]

Abstract:

Nowadays, engineering polymers are widely used in the automotive industry. Especially semi-

crystalline thermoplastics - e.g. polyamides (PAs) composites with glass fiber reinforcement (GF) -

play a considerably role in vehicle manufacturing. PA composites offer advantageous features with

high strength and elevated Youngs modulus but exhibit also a drawback due to general tendency of

PAs to absorb water or other polar fluids. The absorption of cooling fluids (i.e. mixture of ethylene

glycol and water) can occur for PAs that functionally integrated in the engine bay and as a

consequence, hydrolysis mechanism starts to degrade chemically the carbon amide groups of the

polymer. As a result, the PA composite deteriorates down to smaller molecules whereby the

mechanical properties obviously worsen and the material can not accomplish its functioning.

The present research study investigates the stability of two different PA 6.6-GF 30 types, and in fact

with and without hydrolysis stabilizer upon prolonged exposure to a cooling fluid at different

temperatures (120 °, 135 ° and 150 °C) and times (24, 72, 168, 336, 504 and 1008 hours),

respectively. The resistance of the PA 6.6.-GF 30 materials produced as samples in shape of tensile

bars against hydrolysis influence is assessed by mechanical experiments. The degradation behavior is

successfully analyzed through infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the intensities of characteristic

peaks, and scanning electron microscopy is used to study the degeneration mechanism.

Furthermore, basing on measured mechanical results the Arrhenius equation is used for the

prediction of the materials’ life times until 50 % failure.

Keywords: Polyamide Composites, Automotive Industry, Cooling Fluid, Arrhenius Equation

*

135



EFFECTS OF EDM PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN MACHINING OF TOOLOX 44 STEEL

MEHMET BOYa, NAFIZ YAŞARb



[email protected]

Abstract:

In this paper, the effect of EDM process parameters on surface roughness for Toolox 44 steel has

been studied. Experiments have been conducted to the effect of discharge current, pulse on time,

pulse off time on material removal rate, surface roughness and tool wear rate. The pure copper

electrode was used to machining at depth of 8 mm. Parts of the experiment were conducted with

the L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were

performed to identify the significant parameters. The discharge current was found to have

significant effects on material removal rate and surface roughness.

Keywords: Toolox 44, EDM, Anova, Surface Roughness, Electrode Wear

*

136



THE INFLUENCE OF COLD AIR ON MACHINABILITY OF THE NICKEL-ALUMINIUM BRONZE

NAFIZ YAŞARa, MEHMET BOYb

aKARABÜK ÜNIVERSITESI

bKARABÜK ÜNIVERSITESI

[email protected]

Abstract:

Many cooling methods were used as an alternative to reduce metal working fluids consumption.

Cold air is the one of these cooling methods. The effect of cutting parameters and cold air on surface

roughness in turning of nickel-aluminium bronze has been investigated. Machining tests were

performed by turning of three cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut). Cold

air gun was used to produce the cold air. Surface roughness measurements were performed by using

a Mahrsurf M300. ANOVA has been performed for statistical analysis. The analysis of variance

results indicated that the cold air, feed rate and dept of cut were the most significant factors for the

surface roughness.

Keywords: Nickel Aluminium Bronze, Cold Air Gun, Anova, Surface Roughness

*

137



INVESTIGATION OF THE FIELD ORIENTED CONTROLLING A PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR ON A DEVELOPMENT

BOARD

MERVE SEVIM CAMGÖZa, SAID MAHMUT ÇINARb



[email protected]

Abstract:

Because of high energy efficiency and small dimensions, permanent magnet synchronous motors

(PMSM) are widely used in industry. In the controlling on the PMSM, advanced methods such as

field oriented control (FOC) algorithm are used. The FOC algorithm has advantages of very precise

speed and position control. The FOC algorithms can be applied with sensor or sensorless in the

PMSM controlling. We realized the sensorless FOC algorithm for the PMSM on the simulation

(MATLAB/Simulink) and experimental (TMDSHVMTRINSPIN development board) environments. For

the simulation and experimental tests, it was selected a three phase PMSM which its rotor type is

surface mounted with radial magnets, has 10 pole and 12 slot structure, 1,5kW power, 2000rpm. To

simulate the FOC algorithm in the MATLAB/Simulink, it was used a model of motor modelled with

finite elements methods based software package. For the speed and current control, we preferred

the proportional and integral (PI) controller in the FOC. To determine PI controller parameters it was

derived by genetic algorithm methods. The PMSM was tested different speeds and the results

obtained simulation and experimental setups were investigated. The results was shown that

simulation and experimental results are verified.

Keywords: Pmsm, Field Oriented Control, Genetic Algorithm

*

138



DETERMINATION OF INTESTINAL MASS BY REGION GROWING METHOD

ISMAIL SARITASa, ALI YASARb, HUSEYIN KORKMAZc

aSELCUK UNIVERSITY

bSELCUK UNIVERSITY

cSELCUK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Image processing is a field of which its popularity increases and continues and, that grows

dynamically with new technologies. Nowadays, image processing finds itself in use in almost every

field. One of these uses is undoubtedly in the field of medicine, where diagnosis and treatment

planning are made from images and, which is constantly changing with newly developed techniques.

Of course, the most important factor in using this so widely in the medical field is the acquisition of

images on every medical field. With the help of these images, the complaints can be seen more

easily and the doctor can follow a path in the treatment of the disease. In our study, we used the

Region Growing segmentation method to detect the intestinal mass. This study compares the area

determined by the specialist with the area obtained with the segmentation process and, it is seen

that the created software system can be used as an auxiliary system to specialist doctors.

Keywords: Computer Aided Diagnosis (Cad); Image Processing; Region Growing Segmentation

*Selcuk University

139



INVENSTIGATION OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN FORMWORK WITH DIFFERENT SURFACE

MUSTAFA ALTINa, ALI GUNELb

aSELCUK UNIVERSITY, HIGHER SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES

bKOSKİ KONYA WATER AND SEWERAGE ADMINISTRATION GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF CHANNEL

CONSTRUCTION BRANCH, KONYA/ TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of formworks with different surface properties

on some physical properties of concrete. To determine the influence of formworks on the physical

properties of concrete; Four curtain wall formworks with a height of 1,20 m, width of 1,50 m and

thickness of 20 cm were prepared during the investigation period. Curtain wall formworks are made

of plastic, sheet metal, pine lumber and plywood surfaces without any treatment on them. The

prepared formworks were placed C30 Self-compacting concrete. On the concrete blocks

extracted from the formworks; surface hardness with Schmidt hammer and on the core, samples

taken from the concrete blocks compressive strength tests were also performed.

Consequently, according to all measured properties on the concrete blocks and core samples taken

from these blocks; the concrete produced with plastic surface formwork gives better results than the

concrete produced with pine timber formwork. Furthermore, it has been observed that while pine

timber formwork showed the lowest performance, the plastic formwork showed the highest

performance.

Keywords: Concrete Formwork, Self-Compacting Concrete, Concrete Compressive Strength, Core

Sample, Shear Wall

*

140



PROTON, DEUTERON AND ALPHA EMISSION OF BN COMPOSITES

SARPÜN İ.H.A, BOZKURT A.B, AYDIN A.C, PAT S.D, BELGAID M.E

AAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, PHYSICS DEPT., ANTALYA, TURKEY.

BAKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ANTALYA, TURKEY. CKIRIKKALE UNIVERSITY, PHYSICS DEPT., KIRIKKALE, TURKEY.

DESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY, PHYSICS DEPT., ESKIŞEHIR, TURKEY. eUSTHB, PHYSICS FAC., ALGIERS, ALGERIA.AKARABÜK ÜNIVERSITESI

BKARABÜK ÜNIVERSITESI

Abstract:

Boron nitride (BN) are industrially well-known composites that are considered to be structural

material for a fusion reactor. Their most important property is to be resistant to very high neutron

irradiation environments due to low activation characteristics in fusion reactor structural material

researches.

In this study, particle emission of BN composites, produced in Eskisehir Osmangazi University by

plasma RF sputtering method, have been investigated using Monte Carlo codeto obtain proton,

deuteron and alpha emission spectraunder neutron irradiation.

Keywords:

141



ENERJİ TALEP TAHMİNİNE YÖNELİK PROGRAM GELİŞTİRME VE BİR BÖLGE İÇİN UYGULAMASI

Abdurrahman BICERa, Ahmet YONETKENb

a DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS, AFYON

KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY ,03200 AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

b DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, RENEWABLE ENERGY SYATEMS,AFYON

KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY ,03200 AFYONKARAHISAR TURKEY

[email protected]

Özet:

Talep tahmini, dağıtım şirketleri tarafından, belirli zaman aralıklarında farklı senaryolar belirleyerek,

gelecek için enerji planlaması yapmak adına yapılan, elektrik enerjisi miktarının, puant güç talebinin

ve abone sayısının tahmini olarak tanımlanmaktadır[1]. Talep tahmini, dönem olarak kısa, orta ve

uzun dönemli olarak üç ayrı başlıkta incelenir. Bu çalışmanın uygulama aşamasında kısa dönemli

talep tahmini üzerinde durulmuş, yapay sinir ağları yöntemi kullanılarak toplam yüke dayalı olarak ve

bölgeye dayalı olarak iki farklı tahmin modeli oluşturulmuştur. Bu iki farklı model ile tahmin işlemi

yapılıp, sonuçları karşılaştırılıp, modellerin hata oranı azaltılmaya çalışılmıştır. Modellerin

oluşturulmasında ise yöntem olarak Yapay Sinir Ağları yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, rastgele

seçilen bir haftalık tahmin değerlerine göre toplam yüke dayalı modelin ortalama hata değeri %7,04

iken bölgesel yüke dayalı modelin ortalama hata değeri %7,66 çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Talep tahmini, Yapay Sinir Ağları, Matlab NNTOOL

142



A REWIEW ON PROTON BEAM THERAPY

Rıdvan ÜNALa, Bekir ORUNCAKb, Mehmet ÖZKANb and Sabri ÇEVİKc

aVOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES, USAK UNIVERSITY, USAK, TURKEY

bDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

cDEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The main aim of all radiational treatments is to kill tumors. The main point is to be precise and

deliver all the radiation right onto tumor without spreading it onto healty tissue. The beam is

delivered by a gantry-mounted linear accelerator. A gantry is a mechanical sytem that permits the

beam delivery from different angles by rotating around the patient. In this review the proton

therapy, target and current clinical routines are going to be discussed. The cost of proton therapyis

going to be compared toother treatment methods. Moreover, technical challenges such as size of

facilities, beam quality and biological challenges are going to be adressed.

Keywords: proton therapy, gantry, radiational treatment

143



DEVELOPMENTS IN TEXTILE FINISHING APPLICATIONS



[email protected]

Abstract:

Generally, textile finishing applications consume high amount of energy and water during processes.

As textile materials applied with water and chemical in a finishing bath, they have to be dried and/or

cured after each treatment which causes consuming high amount of heat energy in textile industry.

That’s why, new researches in textile industry and research field have been focused on new effective

finishing methods which decreases the amount of water and energy while providing functional or

multifunctional treatments on textile materials that have been needed and requested especially in

technical textile area. So in this study, environmental-friendly new textile finishing applications with

updated versions of them which have showed a significant improvement in textile industry lately,

has been detailed in a way of properties, parameters and significant functional effects on different

textile materials. A comparison was carried out between latest finishing applications and

conventional methods that showed a clear view on significant advantages such as decreasing

amount of water and energy in an environmental-friendly manner.

Keywords: Textile, finishing, new application, environmental-friendly

*

144



DESIGNING A PV EMULATOR WITH STM32 DISCOVERY BOARD FOR MODELING THE PARTIAL SHADING EFFECTS

Burak ARSEVENa, Said Mahmut ÇINARa

a AFYONKOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

[email protected], [email protected]

AhmetNecdetSezerKampusü, 03200 Afyonkarahisar/TURKEY

Abstract:

The photovoltaic (PV) panels are commonly used in the generating electricity from the sun. The

efficiency of PV panels are significantly affected by many parameters such as irradiance,

temperature, and partial shading effect. In case of the partial shading conditions, local and global

maximum power points (MPP) are observed in the current-voltage (I-V) curve of the PV panel.

Emulators that can act like a solar panel are used to be tested comparatively in the research

applications on PV systems. In this study we designed a PV panel emulator which can model the

partial shading effects. The design details of a STM32 based the PV panel emulator were presented.

We used three series connected DC/DC buck converters in the emulator. The converters were driven

by PWM unit of the discovery board. MATLAB/Simulink software was used for getting of I-V

characteristic, and STM32 firmware was coded with MATLAB/Code generated tool box.

Key words: Photovoltaic (PV) panel, PV panel emulator, STM32 Discovery board

145



ON THE DESIGNING OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM TO TEST THE PV SYSTEMS

Ramazan ARSLANa, Said Mahmut ÇINARa

a AFYONKOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


AhmetNecdetSezerKampusü, 03200 Afyonkarahisar/TURKEY

Abstract:

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are semiconductor device developed to produce electricity from the sun.

The maximum power of the PV panel are affected by many parameters such as irradiance,

temperature, semiconductor features, shading conditions, surface clearance etc. To maximize

electricity production of the PV panels, the PV panels must be operated in maximum power point

(MPP). The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to ensure operation in the

MPP. To test experimentally the MPPT algorithms, PV test platforms are needed. In this study, we

designed a PV development platform equipped with two same PV system and a data acquisition

(DAQ) unit. The PV systems was consist of a load/grid, a PV panel, and a micro inverter that can be

configured the MPPT firmware. The DAQ unit was capable of simultaneously measuring and saving

the some parameters; surface temperaturesof the PV panels, ambient temperature, irradiance level,

PV voltage and current, load/grid voltage and current.Two different MPPT algorithm loaded in the

micro-inverters could be simultaneously tested with the PV development platform.

Key words: Photovoltaic (PV) panel, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), micro inverter

146



MIXED VANADIUM OXIDE PREPATION BY SOLUTION PLASMA SYSTEM

Sabri ÇEVİKa, Bekir ORUNCAKb, Mehmet ÖZKANb and Rıdvan ÜNALc

aDEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

bDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

cVOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES, USAK UNIVERSITY, USAK, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this work, the goal was to synthesize vanadium nanoparticles in solution plasma technique. The

solution plasma was produced by discharging with a bipolar DC power supply and the system was

applied to the aqueous solution of VOSO4•xH2O at different concentrations to prepare vanadium

nanoparticles. The effect of different discharge times (0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes) and applied voltages

(1000, 1500 and 2000 V)during the synthesis was investigated. The TGA, XRD, SEM and EDX results

of the products were analyzed and compared. It is understood that the products were not vanadium

nanoparticles and they are mixed vanadium oxides in microcrystalline form.

Keywords: vanadium, synthesize, nanoparticle, plasma

147



SALDIRI TESPİT SİSTEMLERİ İÇİN BAZI VERİ MADENCİLİĞİ ALGORİTMALARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

ONUR GÖKA, GÜLNIHAL EROLA, KAAN BARIŞ KOCABAŞA

aBilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye

[email protected]

Abstract:

İnternetin yaygınlaşması ile beraber verilerin dijital ortamda güvenle saklanması önemli bir çalışma

alanı oluşturmuştur. Bu konuda authentication, cryptography, firewalls, digital signatures gibi birçok

savunma mekanizması üzerine çalışmalar vardır. Bu güvenlik çalışmaları genellikle verinin gizlenmesi

ile ilgili çalışmalardır. Verilerin ele geçirilmesi için saldırılar olduğu gibi verinin saklandığı sistemi

yavaşlatma, durdurma, hizmet verememe gibi yıkıcı ağ saldırıları da vardır. Sistemlerin güvenliği

sadece verinin gizlenmesi değil, veriyi kullanan kişilere hizmet verme ile de ilişkilidir. Bu sebeple

bilgisayar ağ sistemlerine saldırıların kısa zamanda tespiti hizmetin sürekliliği açısından önem arz

eder. Saldırı tespiti için günümüzde önemli gelişmeler sağlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda doğruluk,

hız, recovery gibi parametreler saldırı tespit sistemleri için önemlidir. Saldırı tespiti için alarmın

verilmesi sürekli zaman içinde network monitoring yaparak gerçekleştirilir. Çok farklı saldırı türü ve

çok fazla ağ trafiği göz önüne alındığında monitoring işlemi için çok fazla veri işleme gerekir. Bu tür

büyük verilerin analizi için data mining algoritmaları kullanılmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada saldırı tespit sistemleri için svm, c4.5 karar ağacı, mlp ve adaboost data mining

algoritmaları kullanılarak saldırı çeşitliği çok olan KDD Cup’99 verileri üzerinde analiz yapılmıştır.

Analizler sonucunda saldırı tespiti için doğruluk parametresi üzerinden karşılaştırılmışlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağ Saldırıları, Saldırı Tespit Sistemleri, Veri Madenciliği Algoritmaları, KDD Cup’99

148



SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TECHNIQUE USED IN HARMONIC ANALYSIS FOR THE THREE PHASE INVERTERS

Merve Sevim CAMGÖZa, AHMET YONETKENb

aDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY,

AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

b DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY,


[email protected]

Abstract:

Pulse width modulation (PWM) converters are genarally used due to unity power factor application

with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) at ac mains and also provide constant-regulated dc

output voltage even under fluctuations of ac voltage and dc load.In this study; Three-phase inverter

modeling using space vector pulse width modulation technique was performed in Matlab / Simulink

environment. The harmonic variation of the system is also investigated with the LC passive filter

connected to the inverter output and it is aimed to adjust the total harmonic value to the acceptable

value range by making fitler adjustment. In the system, passive R-L load is preferred. Power-based

foundations were considered in the study..

Keywords: Three-Phase Inverter, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, Passive Harmonic Filter

149



PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Ti-15Cr-5Co IMPLANT MATERIALS USING BY POWDER METALLURGY

Ahmet YONETKENa, Ayhan EROLb, Hazizan Md AKILb, Okan Aytug KULOGLUb



b DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS AND METALLURGY ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE

UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

c DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS AND METALLURGY ENGINEERİNG, SAINS UNIVERSITY,

PENANG, MALAYSIA

d DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS AND METALLURGY ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE


[email protected]

Abstract:

Titanium intermetallic compounds possess attractive properties that make them good candidates

for high temperature structural applications. It is known that Ni3Al intermetallics are commonly

used in various application fields with the addition of Cr, in particular as well as elements such as Ti,

Co, Mo and Fe which are related to this group for improving properties thereof. Given this

information, sintering process was used in this study powder to Ti15Cr5Co powders mixture. When

the properties of the sample after sintering were examined we were able to reveal the effects of Co

on TiCr and consider 5% Co added compositions as the most suitable ratio in terms of mechanical

properties. Analyses were conducted metallographically on the samples after sintering, the densities

were calculated, hardness and shear strengths were determined. According to the data 5% Co added

composition had 3,94 gr/cm3 of density, 329,46 HV hardness values at 1100°C. Keywords: Three-

Phase Inverter, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, Passive Harmonic Filter

Keywords: Sintering, intermetallic, composite, high temperature.

This research was supported by the Higher Education Council MEV-2016-005 We would like to extend our

gratitude to YOK

150



PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Ti-10Cr-3,33Co-3,33 EGG SHELTER COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING BY POWDER METALLURGY

Gunnur PESMEN, AHMET YONETKENb, Ayhan EROLb

a AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI, ULUSLARARASI ILIŞKILER UYG. ARŞ.MER. ANS KAMPÜSÜ,








[email protected]

Abstract:

Titanium intermetallic compounds possess attractive properties that make them good candidates for

high temperature structural applications. It is known that TiCr intermetallics are commonly used in

various application fields with the addition of Cr, in particular as well as elements such as Ti, Co, Mo

and Fe which are related to this group for improving properties. Given this information, sintering

process was used in this study powder to Ti-10Cr-3,33Co-3,33Egg shelter powders mixture. When

the properties of the sample after sintering were examined we were able to reveal the effects of Co

on TiCr and consider 3,33% Co added compositions as the most suitable ratio in terms of mechanical

properties. Analyses were conducted metallographically on the samples after sintering, the densities

were calculated, hardness and shear strengths were determined. According to the data 3,33% Co

added composition had 3,72 gr/cm3 of density, 285,5 HV hardness values at 1200°C.

Keywords: Egg Shelter, composite, sintering, high temperature

151



PRODUCTION A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED ASTALOY-CrM USING ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING OF

BORON NITRIDE COMPOSITE

Ahmet YONETKENa, Ayhan EROLb





[email protected]

Abstract:

The microstructure, mechanical properties and metalgraphic characteristics of Ni plated BN-Astaloy

Cr-M powders were investigated using specimens produced by tube furnace sintering at 700-1100°C

temperature. A uniform nickel layer on BN powders was deposited prior to sintering using

electroless plating technique. A composite consisting of ternary additions, metallic phases, Ni and

Astaloy Cr-M within a matrix of Astaloy -CrM has been prepared under Ar shroud and then tube

furnace sintered. XRD, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), Experimental results carried out for

composition (%1.66BN-%31,65Astaloy-CrM)%66,67Ni at 1000°C suggest that the best properties as

86,12 HB and permittivity were obtained at 1400°C

Keywords: Ceramic Metal Composite, Electroless Nickel Plating, Sintering

This project is supported by a project from AKU Scientific Research Project Dept. which is numbered

17.KARIYER.162

152



HYDROGEN POWERED CARS AND FUEL CELLS

Erol AYAZa, AHMET YONETKENb





[email protected]

Abstract:

Electricity generation from renewable energy sources is increasing day by day. The use of electricity

produced from these sources has also been widely used in various fields. A fuel cell is a device that

generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes called, respectively,

the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.In this

study, an overview of the classification of vehicles using hydrogen in various ways was made. The

use of hydrogen in vehicles can be studied in two main classes as designs where hydrogen is burned

and converted to electricity and energy is produced. The hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical

device that converts hydrogen into electricity and converts hydrogen into electricity.

Keywords: Fuel Cell Vehicles, Hydrogen, Automotive

153



DEMOLITION WASTE USE ON CONCRETE PRODUCTION AND EFFECT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

Ismail DEMİRa, M.Serhat BASPINARb, Erhan KAHRAMANc

aDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR,

TURKEY



cDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR,

TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Demolition Waste Use on Concrete Production and Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties of

Concrete.The rapid growth of the world's population and, scientific and technological developments

in the industry require efficient and effective use of limited natural resources. The concept of

sustainable construction in the construction sector has become increasingly important in the world.

Every year in the World billions of tons of construction demolition waste in construction industry are

emerge. These wastes are disposed of in wild storage areas in some countries and in some countries

they are recycled by different applications.

Recycling of construction and demolition waste has become a popular research area in the whole

World because of its economic and environmental benefit. The importance of the issue was

highlighted in scientific research conducted on the protection of the natural environment.

Researchers have conducted studies demonstrating the scientific and technical details of the issue.

The use of recycled materials provides both protection of nature and economic use of natural

resources, and gives environmental protection consciousness to new generation. In many countries,

strict legal regulations have been introduced to the practices related to the recycling of construction

waste wastes today. In this study, the economic, technical and environmental reasons which

necessitated the construction waste recycling, in particular the sources, recycling and use of

concrete wastes were examined. In this study, some technical properties and applications of

recycling aggregates and to improve the concrete properties produced from recycling aggregates

have been investigated. Finally, the difficulties in assessing recycled concrete (GPL) wastes and

suggestions for their solution were presented.

Keywords: Demolition waste, Recycled aggregates, Recycled concrete, Physical and mechanical

properties.

This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Afyon Kocatepe University

154



PRODUCTION OF FOAM CONCRETE WITH LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE ADDITION

Ismail DEMİRa, M.Serhat BASPINARb, Hasan DEDEc, Erhan KAHRAMANd

aDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR,

TURKEY



cDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR,

TURKEY

dDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERİNG, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR,

TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Foam concrete is a lightweight building material that combining good mechanical strength with low

thermal conductivity and ease of workmanship. It is a low density hardened Portland cement paste

or mortar, containing a large number of small bubbles of air which gives it a fine cellular structure.

Foam concrete due to the unexpected advantages has become more popular in recent years

according to conventional concrete. Today's technology has great contributions to the improvement

and usage of light weight foamed concrete. Foamed concrete is a kind of aerated concrete which is

aerated by using foaming agent or chemically. It is consist of cement, fine sand, fly ash, stone dust

etc., water and a foam, or swelling agent which produces a strong, lightweight concrete containing

millions of evenly distributed, consistently sized air bubbles, or cells.

It is offers many benefits which mainly cost saving, fast completion and easy application compared

to other materials such as steel, timber and brick. Although foamed concrete is considered its low

compressive strength it has high thermal and sound insulation. Foamed concrete has low self-

weight, with minimal consumption of primary aggregate, controlled low strength and excellent

resistance to water and frost. In this study, coarse-grained mineral aggregates were used in addition

to fine-grained raw materials. Physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete specimens have

been investigated.

Keywords: Foam concrete, lightweight agregate, Foaming process, lightweight wall blocks,

mechanical properties


155



COMPARISON OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDABILITY DIAGRAMS OF DP600/TRIP800 STEEL JOINTS HAVING SAME AND DIFFERENT SHEET

THICKNESS

Ramazan KAÇARa, N. K. OMER H. MARWANb, Hayriye ERTEK EMREc

aMANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, KARABUK

UNIVERSITY, KARABUK, TURKEY

b MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, KARABUK


c MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, KARABUK


[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, the good weldability diagram (weld lobe) intend to developed by obtaining the

optimum welding range for dissimilar DP/TRIP steels resistance spot weldment having same or

different sheet thicknesses. With using this diagram, it will be easier to select the optimum welding

parameters for welding engineers. For this purpose, the mechanical tests of joints were carried out

and the weld nugget geometry was determined. By evaluating the test results, the weld lobe

diagrams were developed for DP/TRIP steel spot weldment having same and different sheet

thickness. An effect of sheet thickness difference on the developed weld diagrams is determined.

Keywords: Resistance spot welding, DP600/TRIP800 different joint, weldability diagram (weld lobe).

This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karabük University. Project

Number: KBÜ-BAP-17-DR-2

156



EFFECT OF ELECTRODES COATING WITH DIFFERENT MATERIALS BY ELECTROSPARK METHOD ON THE RESISTANCE SPOT WELD QUALITY

Ramazan KAÇARa Hayriye ERTEK EMREb, Batuhan BOZKURTc

aMANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, KARABUK


b MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, KARABUK


c MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TECHNOLOGY FACULTY, KARABUK


[email protected]

Abstract:

DP600 dual phase steel is a group of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) grade that is widely

preferred and also used in the automotive industry. The lightweight for fuel saving and high strength

for resistance to vehicle safety are reason for preference of these steels in the body parts of

vehicles. DP sheets which are frequently used in automotive production are generally joined with

resistance spot welding method. However, the deformation occurs at the electrode tip surfaces due

to locally high temperatures reached at the surface of the electrodes contacting the workpiece and

due to the application of a certain pressure to the electrodes through joining processes in the

resistance spot welding. For this purpose, the coating can apply to extend the lifetime of the Cu-Cr-

Zr electrodes. In this study, two different coating materials, TiC-Co and CrNi, were deposited on the

end surfaces of Cu-Cr-Zr electrodes by electrospark (ESD) method. The effect of the coating on the

electrodes life time and conductivity is investigated and the weld quality of DP600 steel spot welded

couples is also evaluated.

Keywords: Resistance spot welding, DP600/TRIP800 different joint, weldability diagram (weld lobe).

This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karabük University. Project

Number: KBU-BAP-17-YL-4

157



ZIRCONIA-ALUMINA (ZRO2-AL2O3) COMPOSITES FOR WEAR RESISTANCE APPLICATIONS

Arife YURDAKUL

ALANYA ALAADDIN KEYKUBAT UNIVERSITY, RAFET KAYIS FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT

OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, 07450, ALANYA-ANTALYA, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In present research, to the best of author knowledge, it is first time that it was aimed toproduce the

ceramic-based screw centering bush for a wear-resistant high technology product in alumina

toughened zirconia (ATZ) composition. More specifically, this new material enables a superior

property for the combining of nuts on metal parts used as connection elements in the automotive

industry. It is because that metal-based screw centering bushes shows the short processing life,

rapid wear and severe adhesion on the metal sheet during welding. Hence, to overcome these

problems, ceramic-based counterparts were produced by 3mol % yttrium stabilized tetragonal

zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) host structure doping with 20 wt % alumina (Al2O3) powders

between 1500-1600oC by 25o climbing temperatures during 2 hour dwell-time.The physical,

mechanical, wear, crystalline phase and microstructural features of sintered parts were

characterized by Archimedes’ principle density measurement, micro indentation hardness and

toughness analysis, abrasion test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy attached

with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) methods. Based on the overall results, fully dense

ATZ ceramic screw centering bushes were successfully produced by moderate toughness (5.5

MPa.m1/2) and high hardness 14 GPa values with main tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) and corundum

(Al2O3) phases and minor monoclinic zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase that seemed sub-micron grain size in

microstructure. Furthermore, very low wear values were observed.

Keywords: Zirconia, Alumina, Ceramic, Composite, WearApplications.

158



NOVEL BLACK-COLORED ZIRCONIA CERAMICS BY INTRODUCING MANGANESE OXIDE

Arife YURDAKUL



[email protected]

Abstract:

Colored zirconia ceramics have been recently attracted for many areas such as ornamental goods,

kitchenware and biomaterial applications because of their excellent mechanical properties and high

corrosion resistance. Herein, it was purposed todevelop the novel black-colored zirconia

(ZrO2)ceramics by doping the host ZrO2crystal structure with manganese oxide (MnO). For this

purpose, 3mole % yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP)powders doping with

0.1-20 wt. % MnOwere firstly mixed by 1.5 % wt. binder, 1.5 % wt. plasticizer and 3 % wt. lubricant

to prepare the suspension. Afterwards,mixture was stirred axial milling at 180 rpm/min for 1 day,

and following the powders was allowed for dry at 60oC in the oven. Dried ZrO2 powder was passed

through 150 µm sieve to obtain granules. To form the zirconia bulk sample, cold isostatic pressing

(CIP) was utilized at 250 MPa The furnace was also fixed by 700oC, and then held at temperature to

allow for binder burnout for approximately10 hours. Finally, ceramics were sintered by the range of

1400-1500°C for 1 hour in air atmosphere. Phase and microstructural contents of samples were

characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy attached with energy

dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses. Also, calorimetric L, a, and b values were measured.

Considering the results, vivid black-colored zirconia ceramics were obtained by MnO addition that

giving rise to spinel-based new phase formations along the microstructure. It is thought that this

black-colored zirconia ceramic can be considered an alternative material in many different functional

ceramic applications.

Keywords: Black-Color, Zirconia, Ceramic, Manganese Oxide.

159



ABERRATION-CORRECTED SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (ABC-STEM) OBSERVATIONS ON THE POWDER AND

SINTERED Y-TZP CERAMICS

Hilmi YURDAKUL



[email protected]

Abstract:

Aberration-corrected microscopy precisely unveils the atomic details of crystalline solids. Herein, a

state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy by spherical aberration-corrected probe was used

to examine the yttrium stabilized zirconia polycrystalline powders (Y-TZP) that synthesized by

hydrothermalroute and a sintered sample through used to same Y-TZP powders. Considering the

results, using Zr and Y characteristic X-ray lines in EDX analysis at atomic-scale, the Zr and Y atomic-

column were clearly observed. Thus, substitutional Y atoms were seen to sit the Zr atomic sites

within tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) lattice structure. However, same data were not acquired by

atomic-resolved electron energy loss-spectroscopy (EELS). Thus, EDX analysis at atomic-scale can be

considered as an alternative way to distinguish the atomic columns. Furthermore, to the best of

author knowledge, it is the first time that martensitic phase transformation inside a zirconia grain

was captured by diffraction spectrum imaging. Thus, the regions including tetragonal- and

monoclinic-ZrO2 polymorphs within the same grain were clearly distinguished.

Keywords: Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (AbC-STEM), Y-TZP,

Ceramic

160



ANALYTICAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (ATEM) INVESTIGATIONS ON THE SUPERFINE POWDER AND SINTERED CO/Y-

TZP CERAMICS

Hilmi YURDAKUL



[email protected]

Abstract:

Analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) is a powerful tool to identify the precise

chemical composition of constituents for any phase that developed synthesizing and/or sintering

process. Co/Y-TZP ceramics are unique materials for blue-colored products. However, exact coloring

mechanism in these ceramics has not been revealed yet. It was, therefore, aimed to characterize the

both powder and sintered forms of Co/Y-TZP ceramics through ATEM-based techniques e.g. energy

dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Based on the results, a

secondary phase-cobalt aluminate spinel (CoAl2O4)-was analytically detected by elemental line scan

and map data extracted from the EDX and EELS analysis in sintered Co/Y-TZP ceramics, while not

being detected in powder sample. Also, the chemical traces of Co inside the ZrO2grains were

observed. These results imply that not only formation of cobalt aluminate spinel phase (CoAl2O4) but

also incorporation of cobalt (Co) and aluminum (Al) into the Y-TZP structure are significant

approaches on the evolving of blue color.

Keywords: AnalyticalTransmission Electron Microscopy (ATEM), Co/Y-TZP, Ceramic

161



DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL QUESTION ANSWERING

HarunBOLATa, Baha ŞENa

aANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY ANKARA, TURKEY


Abstract:

In this paper, we describe our bio-medical document retrieval system which is the part of Bio-

Medical Question Answering system. For document retrieval, about 26.5 million PubMed articles

were indexed with Apache Lucene text search engine. The proposed system consists of three parts.

First part of the system is question analysis module which analyzes the question and enriches

question with biomedical concepts of the question words. Second part of the system is document

retrieval module. In this step proposed system was tested by using different information retrieval

models like Vector Space Model, Okapi BM25 and Query Likelihood. Third part of the system is

document re-ranking module which is responsible for re-rank documents which are retrieved in

previous step. Our proposed system was tested with BioASQ challenge task 6B training questions.

The best MAP score is obtained on document retrieval phase when use Query Likelihood with

Dirichlet Smoothing model. On the re-rank phase, sequential dependence model was used, but this

model produced worse MAP score according to previous phase.

Keywords: Information Retrieval, Document Retrieval, Biomedical Question Answering, PubMed

162



FERROELECTRIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Ahmet TÜRKa, Denız Çoban ÖZKANb, Erdal ÇELİKc

a MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY

b MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY

c MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

ABO3 structure ferroelectric materials have been used frequently in photovoltaic cells in recent

years. Ferroelectric photovoltaic cells’ efficiency 4% in 2009 but now it have reached 22.1%. The

basic perovskite structure found in ferroelectric materials is a simple cubic structure containing

three different ions in the form of ABO3. The atoms A and B represent +2 and +4 ions respectively,

and O is -2 oxygen ion. The structure of ABO3 is generally surface-centered cubic (FCC), with atoms A

at the corners and O atoms at the surfaces. The B atom take place in centre position. In ABO3

structure, A is a rare earth element, while B is a three-dimensional significant transition metal.

Considering the structure of the ferroelectric lattice, the lattice structure is not cubic, the B (Ti) and

O atoms are relatively displaced. BaTiO3, BiFeO3, LaFeO3, and LaMnO3 ferroelectric materials are

the most studied materials that can be used in thin film photovoltaic cells. In this study, general

properties and development of these ABO3 structured materials used in photovoltaic cells are

examined. We made a discussion of the main achievements of these ferroelectric materials as well

as a critical review of the development by referring to the lattice structural differences and energy

band gaps. In this review; a perspective on the advantages and disadvantages of these ferroelectric

materials compared to each other is revealed.

Keywords: Ferroelectric, Photovoltaic Cell, ABO3

163



DETERMINATION OF TARTRAZINE AND SUNSET YELLOW IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS AND FOOD SUPPLIES BY HPLC-

DAD

Betul ESENa, Tulay OYMAKa, Emrah DURALb

a CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,

SIVAS, TURKEY

b CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL

TOXICOLOGY, SIVAS, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Tartrazine (E102), one of the most commonly used yellow food dye, is a synthetic lemon yellow azo

dye used as a food coloring. Sunset yellow (E110) a petroleum-derived orange azo dye, also known

as yellow dye #6, is used to give foods an orange-yellow colour. Both food dyes have serious

toxicological risks, that are mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.For this reason, it is very important

that the quantities in food products and pharmaceutical preparations are determined by a powerful

and sensitive method.In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)with diode

array detector (DAD) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitative

determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow in pharmaceutical preparations and food

supplements.

The chromatographic separation was carried out a reverse-phase C18 analytical column, 4.6 x 250

mm, 5 µm particle size, at 40°C. The mobile phase prepared as a mixture of pH 4 oxalate buffer,

methanol, water (7:2:1, v/v) was isocratically applied to the column at 1 mL/min flow and for the

determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow, diode array detector was set at 432 nm and 480 nm ,

respectively. The samples were loaded into HPLC column in a volume of 20 μL. Retention times of

tartrazine and sunset yellow are 2.6 and 4.9 min, respectively.The linear range for dye molecules are

0.2 mg/L and 20 mg/L, detection limits are 0.02 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L. Relative standard deviation

(method precision) of the method is 4.0% for tartrazine and 7.1% for sunset yellow. Recovery values

in pharmaceutical samples which applied at 2, 5 and 10 mg/L concentrations were found to be

ranged from 87.7% to 104.3%.

The developed method has been successfully applied to pharmaceutical preparations and food

supplements. The developed method is the simple, fast and reliable method that can be applied to

different samples.

Keywords: Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, HPLC-DAD, Method Validation

164



REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY PERSIMMON SHELLAS NATURAL BIOSORBENT

Elif Ceren KARGIa, Tuğba KEÇEa, Çilem IŞIKa, Tülay OYMAKb, Ayten ATEŞa

aCUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,

SİVAS

B CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, SİVAS

[email protected]

Abstract:

The use of synthetic dyes is increasing day by day, widely used in various industries from food to

textile, resulting in discharging of dye contained water into ecosystem threatens aquatic lives. From

the view of environmental protection, the removal of synthetic dyes in aqueous medium is very

important. In the present study, persimmon (DiospyroskakiThunb.) shell asbiosorbent was used for

there moval of methyleneblue (MB) from an aqueoussolution. The characterization of the

persimmon shellis done with scanning electronmicroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The study were

performed under different experimental parameters such as pH of solution, initialdye concentration,

contact time, e.g. wereoptimized to achieve quantitative removalandassess the plants potentiality

on dyere moval from wastewater. The quantitative extraction of MB was achieved for 200 mg/L of

MB within 40min at pH 7. The biosorption data of MB on persimmons hell was fitted with Langmuir

model with a maximum adsorption capacity was 303.03 mg/g.The experimental results shows that

the use of persimmons hellas biosorbent is fast, effective and attractive alternative on removal of

MB from dye wastewater, is favorable on nature conservation.

Keywords: Methylene Blue,Diospyroskaki Thunb, Biosorption

165



REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY PERSIMMON SHELLAS NATURAL BIOSORBENT

Emrah DURALa, Aslı BOLAYIRb, Burhanettin ÇIĞDEMb

a CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL


b CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY, SIVAS, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-

arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. Some of the factors complicating phenytoin dosing include a

narrow therapeutic window, high degree of protein binding, and nonlinear pharmacokinetics.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin is carried out to ensure effective and safe levels.

In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for

quantitative analysis of phenytoin in plasma .The chromatographic separation was carried out with a

reverse-phase C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 µm particle size), at 40 °C. A mixture of a phosphate

buffer (10 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM K2HPO4 (1% triethylamine)) and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) was used

as a mobile phase. It applied to the analytical column isocratically at 1 mL/ min flow.The ultraviolet

detector was set at 220 and 230 nm, for detection of phenytoin and diazepam that used as an

internal standard. The samples were loaded into the HPLC manually as a 20 μL loop volume. Total

run time was below 11 minutes. Liquid-liquid extarction was used for sample treatment. Plazma

samples was extracted with 5 mL hexane, isoamyl alcohol mixture (95:5, v/v) Final extacts was

loaded to the liquid chromatograph by manual injection system as 20 µL. According to ICH

guidelines, the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and recovery. The

method showed linearity between 5 and 50 µg/mL concentrations with good correlation

coefficients. Plasma recovery tests were carried out at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30

ppm.Accuracy and precision tests were appiled to the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 ppm.

The method developed and validated was a simple, rapid, reliable method that can be used in both

therapeutic drug monitoring study and overdose toxicological analysis of patients using phenytoin.

Keywords: Phenytoin,Therapeutic drug moitoring, HPLC, Ultraviolet detector

166



DETERMINATION OF PATULIN LEVELS IN BABY FOOD PRODUCTS BY DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED HPLC METHOD

Emrah DURALa

a CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL


[email protected]

Abstract:

Patulin is an unsaturated heterocyclic lactone produced by certain fungal species growing on fruits.

It is a carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic and also acutely toxic chemical compound. It has

been known to be as a natural contaminant of processed apple and other fruit products. For this

reason, it is very important that the quantities in food products are determined by a powerful and

sensitive method.

A simple, rapid and reliable determination method of patulin in apple juice by high-performance

liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection (UV) was developed. A simple and

rapid liquid-liquid extraction method which have high recovery values was used in this research.

Patulin was separated on reverse phase ACE-5 C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle

size), eluted by mobile phase (water: acetonitrile, 19:1, v/v) and detected on 276 nm, using an

ultraviolet detector. The mobile phase flow rate was 1 mL/min and the sample injection volume was

20 µL. Column thermostat was set to 30 °C. Total chromatographic run time was below the 10 min.

After the chromatographic conditions were determined, the method was applied to 8 baby food

products which were the best-selling products on the market belonging to different trademarks.

This developed method has been found to be a reference method that can be routinely used for

quality control and toxicological purposes in patulin monitoring studies in many kinds of marketed

baby food products.

Keywords: Patulin, Baby food products, HPLC, Ultraviolet detector

167



TITANIUM COATING AND IN VITRO ANALYZES OF PEEK BIOMATERIALS

Fatih SARGINa,Garip ERDOĞANb, Ahmet TURKa

a METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY

b METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, SAKARYA UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a semi-crystalline high-performance thermoplastic polymer that can

be used as an implant material in orthopedic and traumatic applications. PEEK has some superior

properties such as high melting point, stability at high temperatures, good wear resistance, good

fatigue behavior, good corrosion resistance and low toxic release. However, PEEK is biologically inert

and has low bioactivity. One of the effective way of improving bioactivity of PEEK is coating the

surface of polymer with bioactive material. In this study PEEK polymers were coated with titanium

(Ti) in order to improve their surface properties by two different methods; Atmospheric Plasma

Spray (APS) and Magnetron Sputtering (MS). After the coating procedure, XRD and EDX analyzes

were performed for chemical characterization and coating thicknesses were measured by SEM. In

addition to that, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of coated samples in

simulated body fluid (SBF). Results revealed that Ti coatings which were produced by APS showed

better stability in SBF environment.

Key words : PEEK, Titanium, Plasma Spray, Magnetron Sputtering

168



FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF B-DOPED TIO2 THIN FILMS PRODUCED ON TI6AL4V ALLOY

Muhammet Taha ACARa,Tuba YETIMb, Halim KOVACIa, Ali Fatih YETIMb, Ayhan CELIKa

a ATATURK UNIVERSITY

b ERZURUM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy is commonly preferred in biomedical applications such as implants or

prosthesis but its poor tribological properties restrict its usage. In this study, B-doped TiO2 coatings

with different B:Ti molar ratios of 0.5:1 and 1:1 were coated on Ti6Al4V alloy by sol-gel to improve

its tribological properties. The structural and mechanical properties of samples were characterized

by XRD, SEM, 3D profilometer and micro hardness tester. Wear tests were performed by a pin-on-

disk tribotester in dry and simulated body fluid (SBF) conditions. The results showed that TiO2 films

improved the surface hardness of the material and the increasing B molar ratio increased the

hardness of TiO2 films. Tribological examinations revealed that TiO2 coated samples showed better

wear resistance in comparison to untreated sample due to the formation of hard and stable TiO2

layers. It was found that both untreated and TiO2 coated samples exhibited lower friction coefficient

and wear rate in SBF than dry conditions. Also, it was seen that the increasing B content provided

further improvement in terms of wear resistance.

Key words : TiO2; B-doped TiO2; friction; wear

This study is supported by The Scientific And Technological Research Council Of Turkey, Project Number:

117M088

169



INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL GRAPHITE FILLED POLYAMIDE COMPOSITES

Lutfiye ALTAYa,Yoldaş SEKIa, Sena GULEN OCLUIa, Gozde SEVIG TANTUGa, Akin ISBILIR a, Mehmet

SARIKANATa

a EGE UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, two types of graphite were used as highly thermal conductive fillers. Natural graphite

or synthetic graphite with various weight ratios were mixed into Polyamide 4.6 (PA4.6) by twin-

screw extruder and composite granules were obtained by strand pelletizer. Then, graphite filled

PA4.6 based composite plates were fabricated by injection molding. Effect of type and weight ratio

of fillers on the thermal properties of composites was examined. In-plane and through-plane

thermal conductivity values of the composites were determined by Xenon Flash Diffusivity Analyzer.

Thermal stability of composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of

graphite loading into PA46 on melting temperature, melting enthalpy, crystallization temperature,

and crystallization enthalpy of PA46 were obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry.

Thermal mechanical analysis was performed to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion of

the composites. In addition, change in morphological structure of graphite based composites was

studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal characterization of the composites

revealed that the incorporation of graphite significantly improved the thermal conductivity PA4.6.

Besides, it has been observed that both synthetic and natural graphite showed positive effect on the

thermal stability of the composites.

Key words :polyamide composites, graphite, thermal properties

170



ABERRATION-CORRECTED SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (ABC-STEM) OBSERVATIONS ON THE POWDER AND

SINTERED Y-TZP CERAMICS

Hilmi YURDAKUL

ALANYA ALAADDIN KEYKUBAT UNIVERSITY, RAFETKAYIS FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT


[email protected]

Abstract:

Aberration-corrected microscopy precisely unveils the atomic details of crystalline solids. Herein, a

state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy by spherical aberration-corrected probe was used

to examine the yttrium stabilized zirconia polycrystalline powders (Y-TZP) that synthesized by

hydrothermalroute and a sintered sample through used to same Y-TZP powders. Considering the

results, using Zr and Y characteristic X-ray lines in EDX analysis at atomic-scale, the Zr and Y atomic-

column were clearly observed. Thus, substitutional Y atoms were seen to sit the Zr atomic sites

within tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) lattice structure. However, same data were not acquired by

atomic-resolved electron energy loss-spectroscopy (EELS). Thus, EDX analysis at atomic-scale can be

considered as an alternative way to distinguish the atomic columns. Furthermore, to the best of

author knowledge, it is the first time that martensitic phase transformation inside a zirconia grain

was captured by diffraction spectrum imaging. Thus, the regions including tetragonal- and

monoclinic-ZrO2 polymorphs within the same grain were clearly distinguished.

Keywords: Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (AbC-STEM), Y-TZP,

Ceramic

171



ANALYTICAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (ATEM) INVESTIGATIONS ON THE SUPERFINE POWDER AND SINTERED CO/Y-

TZP CERAMICS

Hilmi YURDAKUL



[email protected]

Abstract:

Analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) is a powerful tool to identify the precise

chemical composition of constituents for any phase that developed synthesizing and/or sintering

process. Co/Y-TZP ceramics are unique materials for blue-colored products. However, exact coloring

mechanism in these ceramics has not been revealed yet. It was, therefore, aimed to characterize the

both powder and sintered forms of Co/Y-TZP ceramics through ATEM-based techniques e.g. energy

dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Based on the results, a

secondary phase-cobalt aluminate spinel (CoAl2O4)-was analytically detected by elemental line scan

and map data extracted from the EDX and EELS analysis in sintered Co/Y-TZP ceramics, while not

being detected in powder sample. Also, the chemical traces of Co inside the ZrO2grains were

observed. These results imply that not only formation of cobalt aluminate spinel phase (CoAl2O4)

but also incorporation of cobalt (Co) and aluminum (Al) into the Y-TZP structure are significant

approaches on the evolving of blue color.

Keywords: AnalyticalTransmission Electron Microscopy (ATEM), Co/Y-TZP, Ceramic

172



ZIRCONIA-ALUMINA (ZRO2-AL2O3) COMPOSITES FOR WEAR RESISTANCE APPLICATIONS

Arife YURDAKUL



[email protected]

Abstract:

In present research, to the best of author knowledge, it is first time that it was aimed toproduce the

ceramic-based screw centering bush for a wear-resistant high technology product in alumina

toughened zirconia (ATZ) composition. More specifically, this new material enables a superior

property for the combining of nuts on metal parts used as connection elements in the automotive

industry. It is because that metal-based screw centering bushes shows the short processing life,

rapid wear and severe adhesion on the metal sheet during welding. Hence, to overcome these

problems, ceramic-based counterparts were produced by 3mol % yttrium stabilized tetragonal

zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) host structure doping with 20 wt % alumina (Al2O3) powders

between 1500-1600oC by 25o climbing temperatures during 2 hour dwell-time.The physical,

mechanical, wear, crystalline phase and microstructural features of sintered parts were

characterized by Archimedes’ principle density measurement, micro indentation hardness and

toughness analysis, abrasion test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy attached

with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) methods. Based on the overall results, fully dense

ATZ ceramic screw centering bushes were successfully produced by moderate toughness (5.5

MPa.m1/2) and high hardness 14 GPa values with main tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) and corundum

(Al2O3) phases and minor monoclinic zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase that seemed sub-micron grain size in

microstructure. Furthermore, very low wear values were observed.

Keywords: Zirconia, Alumina, Ceramic, Composite, WearApplications

173



NOVEL BLACK-COLORED ZIRCONIA CERAMICS BY INTRODUCING MANGANESE OXIDE

Arife YURDAKUL



[email protected]

Abstract:

Colored zirconia ceramics have been recently attracted for many areas such as ornamental goods,

kitchenware and biomaterial applications because of their excellent mechanical properties and high

corrosion resistance. Herein, it was purposed todevelop the novel black-colored zirconia

(ZrO2)ceramics by doping the host ZrO2crystal structure with manganese oxide (MnO). For this

purpose, 3mole % yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP)powders doping with

0.1-20 wt. % MnOwere firstly mixed by 1.5 % wt. binder, 1.5 % wt. plasticizer and 3 % wt. lubricant

to prepare the suspension. Afterwards,mixture was stirred axial milling at 180 rpm/min for 1 day,

and following the powders was allowed for dry at 60oC in the oven. Dried ZrO2 powder was passed

through 150 µm sieve to obtain granules. To form the zirconia bulk sample, cold isostatic pressing

(CIP) was utilized at 250 MPa The furnace was also fixed by 700oC, and then held at temperature to

allow for binder burnout for approximately 10 hours. Finally, ceramics were sintered by the range of

1400-1500°C for 1 hour in air atmosphere. Phase and microstructural contents of samples were

characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy attached with energy

dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses. Also, calorimetric L, a, and b values were measured.

Considering the results, vivid black-colored zirconia ceramics were obtained by MnO addition that

giving rise to spinel-based new phase formations along the microstructure. It is thought that this

black-colored zirconia ceramic can be considered an alternative material in many different functional

ceramic applications.

Keywords: Black-Color, Zirconia, Ceramic, Manganese Oxide

174



ANALYZING RESULTS OF CONCRETE SLUMP TEST BY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES

Nigmet KOKLUa, Ilker Ali OZKANa, Mustafa ALTINa

aSELCUK UNIVERSITY, KONYA, TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

New technologies and artificial intelligence are a natural and inevitable reality of human

development. Technological changes affect almost every part of our lives. Today, the use of

intelligent systems and artificial intelligence methods in engineering studies increases rapidly. These

methods are also used in civil engineering and material engineering. The most important building

material of construction engineering is concrete and instant concrete quality plays a key role in a

construction project. The workability of concrete can’t be measured directly. Instead, the concrete

consistency, which gives a general idea of the workability of the concrete mixture is measured.

Concrete should be poured in suitable consistency according to ambient conditions. For this reason,

the concrete slump test was developed to determine the consistency in the related sector. The

concrete slump test is used to determine the consistency and workability of the concrete. In this

study, the results of the concrete slump test, previously obtained with experimental results were

analyzed by using artificial intelligence techniques.

Keywords: Concretes slump test, artificial intelligence techniques

Scientific Research Project of Selcuk University

175



ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH FOR HEART DISEASE PREDICTION

Ilker Ali OZKANa, Burak TEZCANa, Murat KOKLUa

a DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, SELCUK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Heart diseases are the leading cause of life-threatening illnesses in the world. An important point in

heart diseases is that they often associated with many risk factors. Examples of these risk factors are

unhealthy and irregular diet, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, sedentary life and excessive

consumption of cigarettes and alcohol. These risk factors are used effectively for the diagnosis of

heart disease. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are frequently used in the medical field to predict

various diseases. ANN is an effective medical decision support system because of its ability to model

associations on medical data. In this study, a dataset, which gives the condition of the heart disease

according to the important risk factors, was used. The dataset first subjected to preprocessing

techniques and a model of heart disease prediction was developed using ANN. A 5-fold cross-

validation method was used for the measurement of the ANN model performance, and heart

disease was predicted with %90.10 accuracy. Additionally, prediction models were constructed using

Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, KNN methods and %84, %76, %62 and

%80 accuracy rates values were obtained respectively. This ANN model which is constructed based

on the risk factors and has high accuracy rates offers a preliminary diagnosis decision support system

that indicates prevention of heart disease without costly laboratory tests.

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Clinical Decision Support System, Heart Disease Prediction

176



LED ANIMATION CIRCUIT DESIGN FOR CONSTRUCTION MODELS

Adem GOLCUKa, Mehmet BALCIa, Burak TEZCANa

A SELCUK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Industrial models are miniatures with increased realism, with a constant reduction in real

construction. The models are indispensable for those who attach importance to visuality, new

designs and customers. The models have the power to make people feel the same feelings that the

original structure has. In this study, a lightning circuit with animated flashes which represents the

lights of the apartments for a building model of a site with 16-story blocks was designed. In order to

increase the reality of the models, apartments, roads, streets and other buildings were illuminated in

a similar way to the original. Thus, the designed models become more visual feast and more

remarkable. The model is illuminated both internally and externally. The Pic16F628 microcontroller

was used to provide control of the circuit and load the animation program. Because of each block is

16-story, 2 pieces of 75HC595 shift register with 8-bit output were used for each block. Thus, each

floor has been lighted. For each block in the site, 2 of these integrated circuits were used. The

microcontroller uses the SPI communication protocol to write the data that must be present at the

outputs. Thus, using only 3 pins of the microcontroller, the 16-bit data was written into the 74HC595

integrated circuit. For each subsequent block, only 1 pin was used in the microcontroller. Pic Basic

Pro language is used for microcontroller software. The printed circuits were prepared in the Ares

program.

Keywords: Microcontroller, 74HC595, Building Model, SPI Communication Protocol

177



NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER USAGE IN THE PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS OF CHEST DISEASES

Mehmet BALCIa, Burak TEZCANa, Adem GOLCUKa

a DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, SELCUK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The use of computer systems has become widespread in diagnosing many diseases in the world. In

some cases, it is almost impossible to diagnose diseases without computer systems. Therefore,

developments in the field of computer engineering are closely related to success of the discipline of

medicine as well as all other disciplines. Especially, the applications of machine learning – a big part

of artificial intelligence – are getting widespread day by day. In this study, a software for the

preliminary diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) using Naïve Bayes Classifier

is developed. Naïve Bayes Classifier is known as one of the simplest and most widely used methods

in probabilistic problems. The main principle of the classifier is that every attribute in the data set

has a probabilistic effect on the class. 5 different data from the patient’s story is used in the

software. In the creation of the dataset, the data taken from 220 patients and the preliminary

diagnosis of the specialist based on this data were used. As a result of the study, the classification

accuracy was found 100% for asthma and 87.5% for COPD. The confusion matrix method is used to

calculate the classification success.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Naïve Bayes, Classification, Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease (COPD)

178



EFFECTS OF TEA TYPE, TEA CONCENTRATION AND INFUSION TIME ON THE ALUMINUM CONTENT IN TEA INFUSION

A. Ferit ATASOYa, A. Dilek ATASOYa, M.Irfan YESILNACARa, Ali YILDIRIMa

a DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENG., FACULTY OF ENG., HARRAN UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to determine the effects of tea type, tea concentration and infusion time on

the Aluminum (Al) content in tea infusions. Ceylon and Turkish black tea, Ceylon and Turkish green

tea infusions were prepared by adding 100 mL of boiling distilled water to 1, 2 and 3 g of tea leaves.

The tea infusion was mixed using a glass rod, covered by watch glasses to extract the components of

tea leaves and allowed to brew for 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The infusion was filtered

through filter paper (Whatman 42, 125 mm) into test tube, cooled, acidified and analyzed

immediately for Al. The results showed that the manganese content in tea infusion were significantly

affected by tea type, tea concentration, infusion time, interactions of tea type x tea concentration,

tea type x infusion time, tea concentration x infusion time and tea type x tea concentration x

infusion time (P<0.001).

Keywords: Black tea, green tea, heavy metal, toxic elements

179



SOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN TURKISH BLACK TEA AND BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON HEALTH

A. Dilek ATASOYa, M.Irfan YESILNACARa, A.Ferit ATASOYa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Orderly consumption of tea may contribute to the daily intake of some elements. Some metals

found in tea (e.g., Fe, Mn, Zn) are components of important enzymes or participants in a number of

physiological processes so they are considered essential for the mechanism of the human body. In

order to determine the amount of health-necessary elements, nine Turkish leaf black teas from local

supermarkets in Sanliurfa, Turkey were analyzed for Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn

concentrations in their infusions. Tea infusions were prepared by adding 100 mL of boiling distilled

water to 2.00 g of tea leaves. Contents of tea infusions were found as: K > Mg > Ca > Al > Mn > Na >

Zn > Fe > Cu. Such high concentrations of K might be explained by the specific incorporation of K

within a binding ligand of the tea leaves. It appears that Mg is also quite easily extracted as a

component of chlorophyll and Ca is strongly trapped inside plant cells, thus extraction efficiencies

for these elements are relatively lower. While tea plant has a strong potential to uptake and

accumulate several elements from soil, tea infusion may serve as dietary source of different

micronutrients for human. Some trace elements are essential for normal functioning of the human

organism and several have health promoting properties. Its beneficial effects on the reduction of

serum cholesterol, the prevention of low density lipoprotein oxidation, decreased risk of

cardiovascular disease and cancer has provided the black tea an important place among the herbal

beverages.

Keywords: Tea infusion, trace element, human intake, metal

180



ARSENIC REMOVAL FROM WATER BY ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS

A. Dilek ATASOYa, Yakup BAGCIa, Benan YAZICI KARABULUTa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Arsenic contamination in drinking and ground water creates serious problems on the environment

or for human health in a worldwide. Long-term exposure to arsenic water causes many serious

illnesses. Arsenic can be found both naturally and anthropogenic in nature and has a carcinogenic

effect. In this study; a reactor was installed for arsenic (As) removal from water by using

electrocoagulation method. Treatment efficiency was investigated under changing current

conditions. For this purpose, parallel connected aluminum electrodes were used and the conditions

affecting the electrocoagulation process were investigated. Current intensity between 1A and 2A

and the voltage values between 5V and 15V were applied to determine the removal percentages.

Initial As concentration was appointed as 1 mg/L on the electrocoagulation process. The effects of

the current intensity, voltage values and the electrolysis time on the removal efficiency were

discussed. The most suitable current and voltage values were determined as 2A and 5V respectively.

At the end of 5 minutes, 98% of the As was removed from synthetic waste water.

Keywords: Electrocoagulation, water treatment, toxic element, heavy metal

181



COATING WITH FRICTION SURFACING METHOD: A REVIEW

M. Erbil OZCANa, Latif OZLERa, Gul TOSUNa

a FIRAT UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Coating processes play an important role in determining the properties of the coating material.

Different coating methods are used to improve the surface properties of the materials, such as

hardness, corrosion and abrasion resistance, or to combine several of these properties. One of these

coating methods is the friction surfacing method. In this study, an overview of the friction surfacing

method and its differences with other methods, advantages and disadvantages are investigated.

The friction surfacing method, which is similar to the friction welding, is based on the accumulation

of the substrate material to its plastic deformation temperature as a result of its contact with the

surface coating drum rotating at a certain peripheral speed around its axis. During the coating, the

feed is given to the substrate in which the substrate material is bonded. With this advance, the layer

formed on the reverse side forms the desired coating on the substrate material. Furthermore, during

the process, a part called the flash is formed in the contact area of the coating shaft with the base

material [1]. Coating can be done on special designed coating machines as well as on CNC machining

centers or digitally controlled conventional machines.

Microstructure, hardness, SEM, EDX analysis of the coating will be done to investigate the

mechanical and chemical properties of the coating and the effect of the parameters will be

investigated. In this way, it is ensured that the coating to be used in any place with the friction

surfacing method is the best feature. Also, unlike other coatings, it can be applied to other medium

besides air as the most important feature that separates the friction surfacing from the other

coatings. Friction surfacing can be used in a medium where most welding and joining methods do

not work, for example underwater. As a result, the friction surfacing method used in joining different

metal-metal connections that cannot be welded has a very good and irreplaceable position to add

desired properties to the substrate material.

Keywords: Coating, friction surfacing, surface

This study is supported by The Scientific And Technological Research Council Of Turkey Project number

216M441

182



FUZZY RULE-BASED SYSTEM FOR PERFORMANCE OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELL WITH 10x10 AND 11x11 CM2 MEMBRANE

Sakir TASDEMIRa, Mustafa Akram HAYDERa, Kevser DINCERa

a SELCUK UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are alternative energy sources. MFC’s are systems that can convert

chemical energy into electricity directly from biochemically commutable substances (organic

substances) by using microorganisms as a catalyst in an oxygen-free environment. A fuzzy process

consists of three parts. These units are respectively; Fuzzification Unit, rule processing unit, and

defuzzifier unit and output information. In the fuzzy sets relations sent to defuzzifier units, each

fuzzy information is converted into real number with scale change. In this study, performance of

MFC was experimentally investigated and modeled with Rule-Based Mamdani-Type Fuzzy (RBMTF)

modeling technique. Performance parameters are the differences active sludge (#AS) and sediment

sludge (#SS) at low and high the volumetric flow rates and at different temperature changes T= 8,

10, 12, 14 oC, at different 21 external resistences, the variation of voltage (V) according to current

density (A/m3), and variaton of power density (W/m3) to current density (A/m3). The best

performance was determined and benefiting from experimental data, modeled with RBMTF method.

Input parameters are; membrane area, variety of sludge, temperature, volumetric flow rate, voltage

and current density; output parameter power density were described by RBMTF if-then rules. With

the linguistic variables used, 81 rules were obtained for this system. The comparison between

experimental data and RBMTF is done by using statistical methods. The coefficient of multiple

determination (R2) for performance of microbial fuel cell with 10x10 and 11x11 cm2 membrane.

Performance tests of the system were not done for intermediate values which were estimated with

RMBTF. The actual values and RBMTF results indicated that RBMTF can be successfully used in MFC.

Keywords: Microbial fuel cell, fuzzy logic, performance

183



COMPARISON OF BARITE AND COLEMANITE LOADED

POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES IN TERMS OF SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS

Mehmet SARIKANATa, Lütfiye ALTAYa, Melis OZKAYAb, Abdullah SECGINc Akın ISBILIRb

a EGE UNIVERSITY

bIZMIR EĞITIM SAĞLIK SANAYI YATIRIM A.Ş.

cDOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Nowadays, in order to control the noise and enhance the sound attenuation, which is important for

structural design, researches have been carried out on new materials and arrangements. The aim of

this study to investigate sound insulation efficiency of barite and colemanite loaded PP composites

by determining sound transmission loss (STL). Barite and colemanite at weight fractions of 40 wt%

were compounded with PP by using a twin-screw extruder. STL values of barite and colemanite

loaded PP composites were measured from 100Hz to 1000 Hz. At low frequency region in this study

(100 and 125 Hz) and at high frequency region (600, 800 and 1000Hz), barite loaded PP composites

exhibited higher STL values. However medium frequency regions in this study (200 to 500 Hz),

colemanite loaded PP composites demonstrated the higher STL values than barite loaded PP

composite. Tensile and flexural properties of composites were also investigated. Tensile strength

values of barite and colemanite loaded PP composites were obtained to be 18 and 15 MPa,

respectively. Besides, barite loaded PP composites exhibited higher izod-notched impact strength

value than colemanite loaded PP composite. However, vicat softening temperature of colemanite

loaded PP composite is slightly larger than barite loaded PP composites. Thermal Expansion

coefficients of both composites were also measured by thermomechanical analysis.

Keywords: Composite materials, Sound Transmission Loss

This study is supported by by Izmir Eğitim Sağlık Sanayi Yatırım A.Ş. Research and Development Center, (Project

number: MG006).

184



PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION AND MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS OF MWCNT REINFORCED POLIMETHYL METHACRYLATE (PMMA)

NANOFIBERS BY ELECTROSPINNING

Mursel EKREMa, Ünal ÖZTENa, Ömer Sinan ŞAHINa

a NECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In this study, the production optimization of weight ratio of 1% multi-walled carbon nanotubes

(MWCNT) reinforced / unreinforced Polimethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) nanofiber mats was carried

out by electrospinning. PMMA concentration of 10, 12.5 and 15% weight in Dimethylformamide

(DMF) solvent used in order to reach optimized electrospinning conditions. We produced high

quality bead-free nanofibers during electrospinning of PMMA fibers with MWCNT by manipulating

dispersion methods, composition rates and electrospinning conditions. PMMA solutions with higher

concentration ratio leading to higher viscosity and conductivity properties eliminates defects and

imperfections and results improved quality of the products. In addition, different feed rates of 0.25,

0.50 and 0.75 ml/hour with 10 kV applied voltage power were compared for given MWCNT

reinforced PMMA solutions electrospinning at specified concentration rate of solution were

analyzed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were investigated to determine

the morphological properties of PMMA with MWCNT nanofibers and the average diameter of

nanofibers. Optimum production parameters for 15% wt. ratio and 0.5 ml/hr feed rate for

electrospinning of PMMA-MWCNT solution were determined after comparison of results of

alternative production options.

Keywords: Electrospun, Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes, Polimethyl Methacrylate, Nanofibers

The presentation will be made by Ünal Özten.

185



A NEW AUTOMATIC EPILEPSY SERIOUS DETECTION METHOD BY USING DEEP LEARNING BASED ON DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

Ahmad Muzaffer KARIMa, Ömer KARALa,Fatih V.ÇELEBİa


[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract:

In this article, Deep Auto-Encoder and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are combined for the

detection of epilepsy from EEG signals. In the first stage, DWT was applied to analyze the EEG signal

and 128 features were obtained by taking the A5 parameter. In the second stage, deep automatic

encoders are used to obtain high level and sensitive features from the A5. In addition, these features

are classified into two groups: normal and abnormal. Finally, the two auto-encoders and SoftMax are

stacked and trained by using backpropagation algorithm to improve the classification accuracy. The

proposed method gives satisfactory results when compared with the common methods presented in

this file.

Keywords: EEG, epilepsy, Deep auto encoder, discrete wavelet transform

186



AUTOMATIC BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION AND SEGMENTATION IN MRI IMAGES USING CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS

Ömer KARALa, Fatih ALKANa



Abstract:

With the advancement of technology in recent years, computer-aided systems have made an

important contribution to the diagnosis and analysis of diseases, especially in medicine. Computer

assisted detection systems aim at helping radiology specialists in diagnosing disease or tumor using

image processing techniques. The correct identification of the size and location of the brain tumor

plays a vital role in the diagnosis of the brain tumor. Several methods have been developed to detect

and remove the brain tumor from MRI images of the patient. However, clustering-based methods

are preferred due to their efficient, fast and accurate results. In this study, two different clustering

algorithms such as Fuzzy C means and K-means are presented. In addition, both algorithms were

compared in order to accurately detect the size and location of the tumor from MR images of

different patients. A user-friendly GUI has been created in MATLAB to help medical personnel reach

the above goal without entering the code.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain tumor, k-means clustering, Fuzzy C-means

clustering, MATLAB GUI (graphical user interface)

187



DQM SOLUTION OF HIROTA-SATSUMA COUPLED KDV SYSTEM

Gülnihal MERALa


[email protected]

Abstract:

A combination of differential quadrature method (DQM) and finite difference method (FDM) is used

to solve the Hirota-Satsuma coupled Korteweg-de Vries system, numerically. DQM is used to

discretize the space derivatives in the system, which ends up with a time-dependent system of

ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting ODEs then are solved by using an explicit-

implicit FDM. The proposed method is applied to solve a test problem, namely an initial value

problem defined by Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system. Though it is a domain discretization

method, DQM has the advantage of using small number of discretization points and this is made use

of throughout the simulations. The results show a good agreement in terms of absolute maximum

error.

Keywords: Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system, DQM, FDM

188



ONTOLOGY BASED DATA ACCESS TO RELATIONAL DATABASE

SYSTEMS BY USING OPEN-SOURCE TOOLS

Mustafa YENİADa ,Motaz LUBBADb

a ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES,

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

bANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES,

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

By increasing the connected devices around the world, collecting, sharing and transferring data over

internet has become increasingly important. Consequently, uniform access to data stored especially

in relational database management systems (RDMS) is a great problem for new generation of web

technologies (i.e. Semantic Web) and internet of things (IoT). In this study, data stored in a relational

database system were accessed over Ontology Based Data AccessModel through SPARQL queries

according to developed ontology.The success of the ODBA procedure was verified by cross-

comparison of the data between the relational database and data returned from developed model.

Response time for SQL queries and equivalent SPARQL queries (from a Java application) were also

compared.All of the tools and software have been used in this research are also entirely free and

based on open source technology.

Keywords: Ontology Based Data Access, Semantic Web, SPARQL, Internet of Things

189



NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING PIPELINE FOR ONCOLOGY ON TRIMMOMATIC DATA

Ahmet Kürşat ESİMa,HilalKAYAa, NurayÇELEBİa



Abstract:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the design of life; by understanding the sequence of DNA,

scientists have been able to illuminate the structure and the functions of proteins and Ribonucleic

acid (RNA). They have acquired the interpretation of the underlying causes of diseases. Next-

generation sequencing (NGS) technologies – massively parallel sequencing, high-throughput

sequencing, deep sequencing – help sequence DNA and RNA much more quickly and cheaper than

the previously used technologies. NGS have revolutionized the study of genomics and molecular

biology with regard to its high throughput, scalability, and speed capabilities in terms of sequencing

multiple individuals and thousands to millions of DNA molecules at the same time.

Aim of this study is to use Targeted NGS approach with bioinformatics analysis pipeline to explore

the molecular diagnosis of Retinoblastoma, a retinal cancer that most commonly affects young

children. On Trimmomatic dataset, Picard merging BAM, BWA-MEM, Clip trim, SAM Tools, Picard,

Burrows-Wheeler Alignment and Variant Calling (Realign InDels, BAM Recalibration, VarScan,

VarScan Somatic Filter, BCFtools, MuTect, Somatic Sniper, VarDict) methods were used for

preprocessing and classification. 30 genome data was used for this study; 20 genome was used for

training; 10 genome was used for testing and 83.33% classification accuracy was achieved.

Keywords: Next Generation Sequencing, Burrows Wheeler Alignment, Burrows Wheeler Transform,

Trimmomatic, Variant Calling

190



AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR INCREASING THE BANDWIDTH

Remzi YILDIRIMa, H. Haldun GOKTASa



Abstract:

In this study, in the multi-ton input fiber optic communication systems currently unused, the

conditions of use of the frequency components IMD was investigated. For this reason, as the

mathematical model, Volterra power series is used. Laser diodes rate equation in the form of power

series was opened up to the third kernel. Four-tone input signal is applied and derived from it, and

24 intermodulation distortion (IMD) harmonic frequency components, are classified into 6 groups

and analyzed. While this analysis is performed, amplitude analysis of frequency components is made

according to the feedback constant (K), the optical feedback path length (t0) and the modulation

factor (m). According to these conditions, short optical feedback to suppress the harmonic

amplitude, long optical feedback to improve the harmonic amplitude, and the amplitude of each

frequency component of IMD should be increased to increase modulation factor. Using the unused

IMD frequency components, on symmetric and asymmetric communication system with a new

protocol has been proposed to increase the bandwidth.

Keywords: Laser diode, Volterra series, Intermodulation, Harmonic distortion, Non-linear distortion,

Electronics feedback, Chaos, Gain, Non-linear optoelectronic feedback

191



CW LAZER IŞINININ MERCEK İLE PAKETLENMESİ

Remzi YILDIRIMa, H. Haldun GOKTASa



Abstract:

Lazer ışın demetlerinin profillerinin kontrolü özellikle medikal uygulamalarda çok önemlidir. Lidar ve

benzeri sistemlerde ışın demetinin atmosferde yayılımı ışın profiline bağlıdır. Malzeme işleme

lazerlerinin ışın demeti kalınlığı ve şekli performansı etkileyen parametrelerin başında gelir. Işın

profilinin değiştirilmesi ile bir noktaya düşen birim ışın gücü artabilir, ışın profilinin değişimi ile

tarama ve görüntüleme sistemlerinin kalitesi güçlendirilebilir. Bu çalışma da yarıiletken lazer diyottan

elde edilmiş lazer ışının paketlemesi deneysel olarak yapılmıştır. Lazer ışın paketlemesi için

geliştirilen bir mercek ile atmosfer şartlarında deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Lazer ışınını paketlemek için

mercek dışında hiçbir yardımcı madde kullanılmamıştır. Gerçekleştirilen deneylerde istenilen aralıkta

ya da boyutlarda paketleme yapılabileceği deneysel olarak gösterilmiştir.

Keywords: Lazer, bükülme, paketleme, doğrusal olmayan, Mercek

192



NEW APPROACHES FOR DATA MONITORING, ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ROOFTOP BASED PV POWER PLANTS

Remzi YILDIRIMa,İlyas ÇANKAYAa , FahrettinGOKTASa, Abdullah YILDIZa, Bülent YEŞİLATAa

aANKARA YILDIRIMBEYAZIT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES,

ANKARA/TURKEY

[email protected]

Abstract:

In Turkey, regulation for permitting rooftop solar PV systems for electric generation in residential

buildings is underway. Such mini-scale PV power systems do not individually use an elaborated data

monitoring and management system. There will be critical need for data collection and management

throughout many local plant points by utility companies for asset and grid management.

This study therefore deals for future opportunities and challenges of rooftop PV power applications

in Turkey. In this context, the state of the art for data collection from discrete mini scale solar power

plants and their integrated data management structures are discussed. As a result of the study,

potential road map of local/regional utility companies in Turkey for applicable data management

structure and software architecture is suggested.

Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV), Power Plant, Rooftop, Data Monitoring, Asset Management

193



A SOLUTION TO THE LOCAL MINIMA PROBLEM OF THE CHAN-VESE ALGORITHM FOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION

Hatice ÇATALOLUKa, Fatih V. ÇELEBİa,İlyas ÇANKAYAa,



Abstract:

The Chan-Vese Algorithm also known as active contour without edges is a region-based image

segmentation model and used commonly in the literature. Nevertheless, it has the problem of easily

getting stuck in local minima that causes the insufficient segmentation outcomes. The Chan-Vese

Algorithm is founded on curve evolvement and the level set method.

To tackle the getting stuck problem in the Chan-Vese Algorithm, a modified algorithm is suggested.

The modified algorithm employs the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in order to fit the energy

term. It was approved upon both a few images from Weizmann dataset and appropriate medical

images vulnerable to local optima.

The obtained outcomes represent that the modified Chan-Vese has a preferable achievement than

the traditional Chan-Vese with 75% less number of iterations in order to converge to the contour.

Keywords: Chan-Vese algorithm, image segmentation, initial contour selection, gravitational search

algorithm.

194



EFFECT OF RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS ON IMAGING IN MILLIMETER WAVE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM BASED ON COMPRESSED

SENSING

Esra Şengün ERMEYDANa, Mustafa METEb,Ali DEGIRMENCIc,Asaf Behzat ŞAHINd,

İlyas ÇANKAYAe


[email protected],[email protected],[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract:

Imaging in Millimeter Wave Band is very attractive since it can be used in a wide range of areas such

as in defense, security and airborne applications. However, there are no available high resolution

two-dimensional imaging detectors for this band and the cost of measurements are quite high.

Therefore, the single pixel imaging based on compressed sensing has been a very promising

technique especially for this frequency band. Compressed Sensing (CS) reduces the number of

measurements for reconstruction and so it helps to reduce acquisition time and energy. There are

two fundamental areas in CS to be considered [4], first one is measurement matrix design and the

second one is the reconstruction algorithm. Since there is no commercial spatial light modulators for

Millimeter Wave Band, random ON/OFF masks are printed on PCB such that each column/row shift

corresponds to a new mask. Otherwise, more than one PCB board due to pixel size and resolution

would be needed and the change of PCB board would be very disadvantageous especially for real

world Millimeter Wave scenarios. Reconstruction algorithms in CS are mainly partitioned into three

branches in the literature, especially for imaging applications. First branch of the algorithms is called

convex optimization-based algorithms while second branch is called greedy algorithms and the last

one consists iterative thresholding techniques. Greedy algorithms are easy to implement and fast

algorithms, however, they need more measurements to recover the signal/image and they generally

produce more errors than convex optimization-based methods [5]. Convex optimization-based

methods require higher computational cost and are generally complex algorithms to implement. On

the other hand, the signal/image recovery is more stable in the reconstruction phase of CS [6]. To

the best of our knowledge, there are no study showing the performances of the different kind of

reconstruction algorithms for Millimeter Wave Band imaging applications. In this study, convex

optimization-based methods L1-Magic and TVAL3 [8], greedy algorithm CoSaMP [5] and iterative

shrinkage type algorithm namely TwIST [9] are explored for synthetic and experimental data.

Structural Similarity Index is calculated for synthetic images. The performance of algorithms under

real data when noise, multi scattering, and diffraction are presented..

Keywords: Compressed Sensing, Millimeter-wave, total variation minimization, convex optimization,

greedy algorithms, iterative shrinkage

195



THE WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF PACK BORIDED SAE 1020 STEEL FOR DIFFERENT PROCESS TIMES

İlyas TÜRKMENa, Emre YALAMAÇa, Güven HASBAYa

a MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY / METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Boriding is a diffusion-based thermochemical surface treatment which is applied to enhance the

surface properties of metals. A borided surface has high hardness, low friction coefficient and as a

result good wear resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the properties and wear behavior

of boride layers formed at different boriding times by powder-pack boriding method. SAE 1020 steel

specimens were borided at 850oC for 2-16 h with a boriding mixture containing boric acid. The

boride layers were examined morphologically with an optical microscope and the average thickness

values of boride layers were calculated. XRD analysis was applied to identify the phases in the boride

layer. It was observed that all samples had single-phase boride layer (Fe2B) with saw-tooth

structure. The microhardness measurements were taken from the cross section of the samples.

Wear tests were performed by ball on disc type wear tester under the load of 10N at sliding speed of

15mm/s, at room temperature and dry sliding conditions. Coefficient of friction graph was drawn for

each sample and the wear rates were calculated. It was observed that according to the increase of

the boriding time, the wear rate decreased.

Keywords: diffusion coatings, boriding, wear, SAE 1020, boric acid

This work was financially supported by Scientific Research Project Office of Manisa Celal Bayar University

(Project No: 2016-148

196



BORIDING OF Ti6Al4V WITH AN ALTERNATIVE BORIDING POWDER MIXTURE BY POWDER-PACK METHOD

İlyas TÜRKMENa, B. Şölen AKDEMİRa, Kürşat KANBURa, Fatih SARGINa

a MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY / METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Ti6Al4V is a well-known non-ferrous metallic material with remarkable properties such as high

strength, high corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. In addition to these superior

properties, Ti6Al4V has poor wear resistance and low hardness. In order to improve surface

properties of Ti6Al4v, various surface treatments and coating methods had been performed. In this

study, Ti6Al4V samples were borided by powder-pack boriding method with an alternative powder

mixture at 1100 °C for 20 h. Alternative powder mixture which contains boric acid, was developed

according to literature. Chemical and microstructural analyzes were performed by XRD and SEM on

borided samples. Also hardness values of boride layers were determined by micro vickers hardness

test. Results showed that with the alternative powder mixture, a boride layer which has dual boride

phase was obtained. In addition to that, surface hardness of Ti6Al4V was increased after boriding

process.

Keywords: Ti6Al4V , boriding, boric acid

197



SYNTHESIS OF THE Ag AND Cu DOPED HYDROXYAPATITE

Fatih SARGINa, Ahmet TURKa, Kürşat KANBURa, B. Şölen AKDEMIRa, İlyas TÜRKMENa

a METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known biocompatible and bioactive ceramic material which is widely

used as a bone implant material. Besides the advantages of hydroxyapatite implants, one of the

main problems is infection formation in implants after the implantation surgery. An emerging

solution for this problem is, producing ion doped hydroxyapatite powders by using metallic ions such

as Ag and Cu which shows antimicrobial properties at the implantation site and noncytotoxic

behavior at low concentrations. In this study, Ag and Cu doped hydroxyapatite powders were

produced by chemical precipitation method and sintered at 700°C in order to obtain a more

crystalline phase. Doped powders were then characterized by XRD, FTIR and EDX analyzes. Obtained

results showed that metal ions successfully doped into the hydroxyapatite structure without

affecting crystallinity of the powders.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite,Ag, Cu,

This study supported by Manisa Celal Bayar University Scientific Committee Project 2016-037.

198



IN VITRO BIODEGREDATION OF ION SUBSTITUTED HYDROXYAPATITE POWDERS

Kürşat KANBURa, Fatih SARGINa, İlyas TÜRKMENa, B. Şölen AKDEMIRa, Ahmet TURKa


[email protected]

Abstract:

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known ceramic biomaterial that has excellent bioactivity and similar

structure to inorganic phase of human bone. Dissolution behavior is among the most important

properties that affects HA ceramics’ bioactivity. In order to control or change the dissolution

behavior of HA biomaterials, one of the most effective method is ion substitution of HA. In this

study, Zn, F and Mg substituted HA powders were produced via chemical precipitation and in vitro

tests were performed to evaluate biodegradation behavior. XRD, FT-IR and EDX analyzes were

performed for chemical characterization and SEM analyzes were performed for morphological

analysis. Results showed that dissolution behavior of HA powders changed with ion substitution.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite,Zn,Mg, F, Biodegredation

199



EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ON ADHESION DEGREE OF SPLATS IN FLAME AND PLASMA SPRAY COATINGS

Kürşat KANBURa, Garip ERDOĞANb, Ahmet TURKa


bMETALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, SAKARYA UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Ti6Al4V alloys that is used as spinal implant, are required to build a bond with surrounding tissues

after the implantation for better fixation. Hence Ti6Al4V alloys are coated with hydroxyapatite (HA)

that is bioactive material, by using thermal spray methods. However, failure of the coatings are

undesirable situation during or after the implantation operations. Therefore, the coatings should

have high adhesion strength. During thermal spray process coatings are obtained by the

accumulation of splats on the Ti6Al4V alloys, so thermal history of each splat effects deposition

efficiency and adhesion strength of the coatings. In this research, splats were produced on the

Ti6Al4V alloys with different parameters by using flame spray and plasma spray processes in order to

obtain better coating properties. During the production of splats, temperature of the particulates

were determined. Deposition efficiency and adhesive behaviors were examined with stereo

microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. According to the results,

deposition efficiency and adhesive degree are determined with increasing the particles

temperatures.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite,Plasma Spray, Flame Spray

200



FOAM CONCRETE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

İsmail DEMİRa, Ayhan EROLb , M. Serhat BASPINARb, Erhan KAHRAMANa,

a AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, ENGINEERING FACULTY, CONSTRUCTION ENG. DEPARTMENT

bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENG.

DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

Foam concrete is a lightweight building material that combining good mechanical strength with low

thermal conductivity and ease of workmanship. It is a low density hardened Portland cement paste

or mortar, containing a large number of small bubbles of air which gives it a fine cellular structure.

Foam concrete due to the unexpected advantages has become more popular in recent years

according to conventional concrete. Today's technology has great contributions to the improvement

and usage of light weight foamed concrete. Foamed concrete is a kind of aerated concrete which is

aerated by using foaming agent or chemically. It is consist of cement, fine sand, fly ash, stone dust

etc., water and a foam, or swelling agent which produces a strong, lightweight concrete containing

millions of evenly distributed, consistently sized air bubbles, or cells.

It is offers many benefits which mainly cost saving, fast completion and easy application compared

to other materials such as steel, timber and brick. Although foamed concrete is considered its low

compressive strength it has high thermal and sound insulation. Foamed concrete has low self-

weight, with minimal consumption of primary aggregate, controlled low strength and excellent

resistance to water and frost. In this study, coarse-grained mineral aggregates were used in addition

to fine-grained raw materials. Physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete specimens have

been investigated.

Keywords: Foam concrete, lightweight agregate, Foaming process, lightweight wall blocks,

mechanical properties


201



DEMOLITION WASTE USE ON CONCRETE PRODUCTION AND EFFECT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

İsmail DEMİRa, M. Serhat BASPINARb, Erhan KAHRAMANa,

a AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, ENGINEERING FACULTY, CONSTRUCTION ENG. DEPARTMENT

bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENG.

DEPARTMENT

[email protected]

Abstract:

The rapid growth of the world's population and, scientific and technological developments in the

industry require efficient and effective use of limited natural resources. The concept of sustainable

construction in the construction sector has become increasingly important in the world. Every year

in the World billions of tons of construction demolition waste in construction industry are emerge.

These wastes are disposed of in wild storage areas in some countries and in some countries they are

recycled by different applications.

Recycling of construction and demolition waste has become a popular research area in the whole

World because of its economic and environmental benefit. The importance of the issue was

highlighted in scientific research conducted on the protection of the natural environment.

Researchers have conducted studies demonstrating the scientific and technical details of the issue.

The use of recycled materials provides both protection of nature and economic use of natural

resources, and gives environmental protection consciousness to new generation. In many countries,

strict legal regulations have been introduced to the practices related to the recycling of construction

waste wastes today. In this study, the economic, technical and environmental reasons which

necessitated the construction waste recycling, in particular the sources, recycling and use of

concrete wastes were examined. In this study, some technical properties and applications of

recycling aggregates and to improve the concrete properties produced from recycling aggregates

have been investigated. Finally, the difficulties in assessing recycled concrete (GPL) wastes and

suggestions for their solution were presented.

Keywords: Demolition waste, Recycled aggregates, Recycled concrete, Physical and mechanical

properties.


202



INVESTIGATION OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE USAGE IN TURKISH CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

Hamdi TEKINa, Ismail Cengiz YILMAZb

a,b CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ISTANBUL AREL UNIVERSITY

[email protected]

Abstract:

Concrete is one of the main materials used in construction sector. Due to high energy consumption

of concrete production, the role of new environment-friendly techniques that can also extend

service life of concrete have become more crucial. One of the factors that reduce service life od

concrete is undoubtedly rain water. The use of pervious concrete has become widespread in recent

years in order to minimize the hazards of rain water. Thanks to its pore structure, pervious concrete

allows rain water penetrate into underground. Thus, service life of concrete is extended and the

damage to the environment is decreased. Another important point is that the need for complicated

drainage systems is diminished and this leads to economic benefit. In this study, primarily studies on

pervious concrete were investigated. Then, interviews were carried out with various experts in

Turkey to gather information about advantages, disadvantages and cost information of pervious

concrete. In conclusion, although it has been observed that usage of pervious concrete provides

many benefits and its usage has been increased day by day, errors are frequently encountered in

pervious concrete production as a result of insufficient technical applications. As far as the flood

disasters are concerned in Turkey in recent years, it is predicted that the application of pervious

concrete will increase considerably in the future.

Keywords: Pervious Concrete, Service Life of Concrete, Environmental-Friendly Concrete

203

Documents

3rd International Conference · 3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences Skopje, Macedonia 17-21 July 2018 iii Welcome to ICETAS 2018 On behalf