3 rd April 2007University of Maryland, College Park1 In(k)formation Mudit Agrawal Class: Info-centric design of Systems Spring ‘07

3rd April 2007 University of Maryland, College Park 1

In(k)formation

Mudit Agrawal

Class: Info-centric design of Systems

Spring ‘07


Motivation

With the digital age, is it possible to revolutionize publishing?

Will paper be still around after 10 years as the chief source of ink or printed information?

If not, how and where will our ink-information be stored?

If yes, will it be any different?


Contents

Information storage media Paper Industry Electronic Paper Digital Paper Stylus and Digital Pens Applications Proposal for digital-exam!


Information Storage Old Storage media

simple, low capacity difficult to duplicate difficult to distribute

Today’s digital environment huge storage capacities simple distribution.

Nature’s storage media Tree rings - analog representation of the patterns of flood and

drought. Crystal structures - representing patterns and arrangements of

atoms and molecules. DNA, digital encoding of information in patterns of genes and

proteins.

petroglyphs


Digital Age Data is stored all around you

On floppy disks, barcodes, identification and bankcards.

Data can be in many forms: identification numbers, photographs, computer files, audio and videotape, CD-ROMs DVD-ROMs


Still!

A recent estimate of information storage estimated 1% is stored in recordable media such as disk drives and CD-ROM, 4% in photographic microfilm and fiche, and 95% on paper.


Statistics!

A tree can produce about 80,500 sheets of paper It requires about 786 million trees to produce the

world's annual paper supply


Paper! Printed Paper is

Cheap, Cheerful, Ubiquitous

It's The Bedrock Of A Billion-Dollar Global Industry

Why paper still?

Of course, because paper has entrenched advantages. tangibility: pretty much everyone prefers paper to screens. You can carry it around; it's compact, it's convenient doesn't break. It doesn't need outside power. totally reliable.

In other words, it's everything a laptop computer is not.


Traditional Paper

Inspite of all these added advantages, conventional paper lacks Fast and efficient search Reusability Piles!


Tablet PC or Notebook?

NO!


Electronic Paper

And

Digital Paper


Electronic Paper

Mimics appearance of regular ink on paper

Doesn’t use backlight to illuminate pixels

Reflects light like ordinary paper Bistable


Electronic Paper … (continued)

Intelligent Paper

First developed in the 1970s by Nick Sheridon at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center.

Gyricon – first electronic paper

Concept from Dot-matrix printer – words and pictures can be broken into dots or pixels



Contained polyethylene spheres between 20 and 100 micrometres across.

Each sphere is composed of negatively charged black plastic on one side and positively charged white plastic on the other each bead is thus a dipole.

The spheres are embedded in a transparent silicone sheet, with each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil so that they can rotate freely.



The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair of electrodes then determines whether the white or black side is face-up, thus giving the pixel a white or black appearance.

Negative charge to electrode black pixel




Applications

Phillips and Sony developing commercial applications.

Shipped developer kits of 6 inch, 800x600 resolution electronic paper on November 1, 2005.

In February 2006, the Flemish daily De Tijd distributed an electronic-ink version of the paper


Applications … (continued)

Flexible display cards enable generation of a one-time password to reduce online banking and transaction fraud.

Compared with existing key fob tokens, display cards offer a flat and thin alternative to existing key fob tokens for data security.

Motorola's new style mobile phone, called the Motofone, also uses a monochrome electronic paper screen


Are we missing something?


Digital Paper and Pen

Motivation: Handwriting!

Need for an interactive paper

Precursors: Wacom Tablet Pegasus Pen


Wacom Tablet


Wacom Tablet

cordless, battery-free and pressure-sensitive pens

uses a patented electromagnetic resonance technology

tablet provides power to the pen through resonant coupling

A grid of wires that transmits a send and receive signal


Application: GKB


Wacom GKB Details…


Wacom GKB Details…

The channel mode of the gesture keyboard.

In (a), the gestures are of same shape but spaced out in different (x,y) coordinates whereas, in (b), the gestures occur in same space but separated in the shape dimension.


Pegasus Pen


Digital Paper and Pen

Anoto!

Paper with proprietary patterns of dots printed on it. each dot is spaced about 0.3mm apart the full pattern consists of 669,845,157,115,773,458,169 dots encompasses an area exceeding 4.6 million km² this corresponds to 73 trillion sheets of letter-size paper.


Pattern


Anoto Pen


Process

The digital pen takes digital snapshots of the pattern

A calculation of the exact position of the digital pen is made

Possible to retrieve what has been written with the digital pen and where on the paper this was written.


The system

Other Pens

• Logitech IO pen• Magicomm G303• Maxell digital pen• Nokia SU-1B pen


Implications!

Media of storage reversed!

Pen stores the data, not paper

Move around with your pen, and dock in, to transfer the data wherever you want!


Applications:Paper Presentation Tool

for giving PowerPoint presentations controlled by a paper-based user interface


Applications:Encyclopedia

combining printed information with content delivered on a CD-ROM


Applications:Semi-digital City Map

providing supplementary digital information about restaurants, cinemas, shopping facilities etc


Applications:Scientific Annotations

publication annotation application was designed to support researchers in their annotations, recommendations and cross-referencing of articles


Applications:Print-n-Link

Print-n-Link uses technologies for interactive paper to enhance the reading process by enabling users to access digital information and/or searches for cited documents from a printed version of a publication


Applications:Laboratory Notebooks

Research lab notebooks are pocket books for documenting scientific experiments

Click and search for related field

Match the results


Application:Handwriting Recognition!

Process: Smoothing De-hooking Normalization Ink vector interpolation in spatial

domain (from temporal) Training a classifier for simple

generic shapes Pre-processed ink for recognition


Applications:Others

Ambulance

X-ray annotations

Doctor e-diagnosis


Digital-Exam System Proposal

Associate Patterns witheach version

Distribute papers to students

Distribute Pens to studentsExaminationDock and transferthe ink

Prepare the versionsOf Question paper

Answer matchingResult generation


Gmail Paper!

Google Paper is a new feature being promoted on the Gmail home page. You can request a physical copy of any email with the click of a button, and Google will deliver paper printouts to you in 2-4 days via the mail.

1st APRIL


References

http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/ismmod/intro.html http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003/

print.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper http://www.sipix.com/technology/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacom http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.05/ff_digitalink_pr.html http://www.eetindia.com:8088/ARTICLES/2006AUG/C/

2006AUG28_INDIADESIGNS_HPLabsIndia.HTM Kauranen(o.J.): The ANOTO pen - Why light scattering matters.

IZMF (2004) http://www.globis.ethz.ch/research/paper/applications

Documents

3 rd April 2007University of Maryland, College Park1 In(k)formation Mudit Agrawal Class: Info-centric design of Systems Spring ‘07