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OA Publishing
The impact of OA on institutional pricing and licensing
Overview
14 Nov 07Kaufman-Wills Group2
Types of OA Delayed OA Optional OA Full OA
Business models and pricing Author-side fees Institutional
memberships Third party support
Impact Institutional pricing Licensing
Single titles Big deal Aggregators
Types of OA
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Types of OA
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Delayed OA Journals offering original research articles under
subscription access controls upon publication but making articles freely and publicly available after a period of time. Archive may be a one-time purchase, subscription, or OA
Optional OA Journals offering original research articles under
subscription access controls unless author or institution has paid fee to ensure that article is freely and publicly available on publication. Optional Open Access journals may also be Delayed OA
journals. Full OA
Journals making original research articles freely and publicly available immediately on publication.
Delayed OA
Participating (mostly)Non-participating (mostly)
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HighWire Press hosted journals Toll free linking OA (recent) archive
Society journals University press
journals
Commercial publishers
Aggregators
Represents thousands of journals, so awareness / impact reduced overall
Optional OA
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Participating (mostly) Commercial publishers
Mixed participation University Presses Society publishers
Non-participating Aggregators
Permissions policies, deposit in OA repository go hand-in-hand
Full OA
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Commercial publishers BMC Industry-supported
Society publishers Member supported
Other nonprofit PLoS University press/Harvard Academic department
Business models and pricing
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Revenue sources
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Author-side fees Submission fees Page charges Color charges Article processing
charges OA Funding agencies Institutional
memberships
Dues and subscriptions Society membership Institutional
membership Subscriptions (to non-
OA content) Third party
underwriting Industry ads,
sponsorships, grants Foundation grants Government support
Volunteer labor Society publishers Academic departments
Funding agencies
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35 funders have confirmed that they are willing to fund article processing charges
28 funders have an official policy in support of open access 25 of these funder policies encourage or in some
cases require funding recipients to deposit resulting research articles in an open access repository
Funding agencies willing to pay article processing fees
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Academy of Finland (Finland) BIOTEC (Thailand) California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
(US) Canadian Institutes of Health Research
(Canada) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
(France) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientificas (Spain) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Denmark) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany) FAPESP (Brazil) Fondazione Telethon (Italy) Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen
Forschung (Austria) Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
(Belgium) Health Research Board (Ireland) Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US) Indian Council of Medical Research (India) INSERM (France)
International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (International)
Israel Science Foundation (Israel) Max Planck Society (Germany) Medical Research Council (UK) National Health Service (UK) National Institutes of Health (US) National Science Foundation (US) Natural Environment Research Council (UK) Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek (Netherlands) Rockefeller Foundation (US) South African Medical Research Council (South
Africa) Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
(Sweden) Swedish Research Council (Sweden) Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland) Wellcome Trust (UK)
http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/apcfaq
Author-side fees sampler
Full OA Optional OA
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Publisher Author-side feesPLoS $2,750/article for PLoS Biology and
PLoS Medicine$2,100/article for community journals
BioMed Central $1,670/article for most BMC journals$525-$2,510/article for independent journals Plus fee for optional copyediting
Journal of Clinical Investigation
$70/article submission fee$.22/word$100/figure$50/table$300 supplemental data fee$1,000 if color
Journal of Vision (ARVO) $135/page without using author template$85/page if use author templatePlus voluntary charge of $50/pagePlus excessive alterations charge of $50/hour
Publisher Author-side feesSpringer $3,000/article for OAWiley $3,000/article for OAElsevier $3,000/article (most)
$5,000/article (Cell Press)£400/page (Lancet)
Sage $3,000/article for OAOUP $2,800 (less for authors at
subscribing institutions, authors in developing countries
Company of Biologists $2,160/article for OAAmerican Chemical Society $3,000/article for OAAmerican Physiological Society $2,000 + page chargesProceeding of the National Academy of Sciences
$70 per printed page$150/article if supplemental data included$1,000 surcharge if OA desired by author$450/color figure
The Scientific World $400/short article$695/longer article
PLoS institutional membership
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PLoS institutional members pay annual fee, at chosen level Entitles affiliated scientists to reduced charges for
publication in flagship and community PLoS journals Provides libraries with access to institutional usage
reports for all PLoS publications Lists member institutions on the PLoS web site
Members page, with list of articles published in journals by affiliated authors
Other PLoS memberships Research funding agencies on behalf of investigators,
grantees Consortial memberships
Negotiated on case-by-case basis.
Market response to PLoS institutional membership
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~100 colleges and universities Harvard Yale University of Amsterdam Kalamazoo College.
http://www.plos.org/support/instmembers.html
Open Society Institute pays for PLoS institutional memberships on behalf of universities and other organizations in 44 developing countries
BMC institutional membership
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Prepay Membership Customers pay upfront for articles published by their authorized users to
be processed and published. On publication, full article processing charge for journal minus discount
that applies is deducted from account. The higher the amount paid in advance, the greater the discount given.
Postpay Membership Scientific and medical societies and groups are invoiced in arrears for
papers authored by their members that have been published in journals since last invoice date.
Invoice schedules are set on a monthly or quarterly cycle. Supporters Membership
Flat rate annual membership fee based on the number of science and medical researchers and graduate students at institution.
Members of the institution are then given a 15% discount on the article processing charge when publishing in our journals.
Market response 321 members, 33 countries
http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/membership
OUP
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Institutional rebates To be presented this afternoon
Impact of OA on institutional pricing and licensing
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What is the impact of OA on institutional pricing and licensing?
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It depends!
Institutional pricing
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Agents alert libraries to Full OA journals; no incentive to do more
Librarians not (yet?) devoting energies to determining percentage of Optional and Delayed OA
Librarians can imagine time when they will wonder why they have to pay so much for so little content
Publishers asking for societies for guarantees on behalf of library customers that purchased archive will not be OA for, say, 20 years
Societies questioning whether institutional rates need to be lowered if add Optional or mandatory OA
Balancing institutional rates and OA fees Recommendation: margin management!
Journal revenues: historical reliance on multiple revenue streams
Journal costs: focus on cost containment and efficiency
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Member allocation Institutional subscriptions PPV Author-side fees
Submission fees Page charges Processing charges Publication fees Color Data supplement Institutional memberships Language polishing
Rights and permissions Industry – government support Other
Peer review Lower cost ms mgmt systems Journal franchises (multiple
journal submissions, shared reviews)
Printing Opt in / opt out Unbundled / no print
Online platform “Commodification”
Sales and marketing Institutions / consortia Author-side fee mgmt systems
Outsourcing and offshoring
Aggregator licensing
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ProQuest Negotiating lower
royalty rates for Delayed OA or significant proportion of Optional OA
Ovid Not known to
negotiate lower royalty rates for Delayed or Optional OA
Depends on Value of new content Amount of OA Embargo-Delayed OA
squeeze
Q&A
Thank you!
Cara S. KaufmanPartner, Kaufman-Wills Group
410 821 [email protected]
14 Nov 07Kaufman-Wills Group22