Introductiondownload.microsoft.com/documents/hk/technet/techdays2013... · 2018-12-05 · Introduction Make it real Support for important business workloads through scale and performance

Introduction

Make it realSupport for important business workloads through scale and performance improvements

Increased business flexibility with virtual machine mobility

Continuous services to help meet availability and service-level agreements

Open and extensible platform for performance management and automation

Delivery of shared and multitenant environments with isolation

Get started

Beyond virtualizationScale and secure workloads, cost-effectively build a private

cloud, and securely connect to cloud services

Every app, any cloudBuild on an open and scalable web platform that supports

applications across premises

Modern workstyle,

enabledSupport a mobile and flexible work style

The power of many

servers, the simplicity

of one

Efficiently manage infrastructure while maximizing uptime and

minimizing failures and downtime

CHALLENGES

Bigger, faster, and more available virtual machines

Greater flexibility and agility to deliver solutions

Ability to handle complex storage and networking

requests

Removal of limits in virtual machine mobility

Support for new hardware technologies

Keep services up and running, and meet SLAs

Decrease capital and operational costs of infrastructure

Use bigger, more capable servers more effectively

Protect and use existing investments and infrastructure

Maintain separation of resources in multitenant

environments

NEEDS

Dynamic memory

increase assigned to

virtual machines to

increase capacity with

no downtime

Network

virtualization for

multitenancy and IP

portability

Larger virtual

machines to support

increased workloads

Open, extensible

switch to help

support security and

management needs

Run more

demanding

applications with

better performance

Take advantage of

newer hardware,

while still using

existing hardware

to maximum

advantage

Bigger, faster virtual machines

Hardware

offloading

Guest applications

take advantage of

improved Non-

Uniform Memory

Access (NUMA)

support

SCALE AND PERFORMANCE

System Resource

MAXIMUM NUMBER Improvement

factorWindows 2008 R2 Windows Server 2012

Host Logical processors on

hardware64 320 5×

Physical memory 1 TB 4 TB 4×

Virtual processors per host 512 2,048 4×

Virtual

machine

Virtual processors per virtual

machine4 64 16×

Memory per virtual machine 64 GB 1 TB 16×

Active virtual machines 384 1,024 2.7×

Cluster Nodes 16 64 4×

Virtual machines 1,000 8,000 8×

Features• Storage capacity up to 64 TBs

• Corruption protection during power failures

• Optimal structure alignment for large-sector disks

Benefits• Increases storage capacity

• Protects data

• Helps to ensure quality performance on large-sector disks

VHDX


Large allocations and 1 MB aligned

Header region

Data region (large allocations and 1 MB aligned)

Metadata region (small allocations and unaligned)

Intent logBlock Allocation

Table (BAT)

Metadata table

User data blocks

Sector bitmap blocks

User metadata

File metadataHeader

Capabilities• Improved performance of virtual hard disks

on 512e disks

• Ability to host virtual hard disks on native 4 KB disks

Benefits• Reduces impact of 512e disks on virtual

hard disk stack

• Workloads complete more quickly

Virtual hard disk 4 KB block (blue) not

aligned with physical 4 KB boundary


Physical sector 0 Physical sector 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Logical sector

Sector bitmap


• Projects NUMA topology onto a virtual machine

• Allows guest operating systems and applications to make intelligent NUMA decisions

• Aligns guest NUMA nodes with host resources

Non-Uniform Memory Access

Guest NUMA topology by default

matches host NUMA topology

vNUMA node A vNUMA node B vNUMA node A vNUMA node B

NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4

Live migration maintaining

Fibre Channel connectivity


Hyper-V host 1 Hyper-V host 2

Worldwide Name Set B

Worldwide Name Set A

Worldwide Name Set B

• Unmediated access to a storage area network (SAN)

• Hardware-based I/O path to virtual hard disk stack

• N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) support

• Single Hyper-V host connected to different SANs

• Up to four Virtual Fibre Channel adapters on a virtual machine

• Multipath I/O (MPIO) functionality

• Live migration

Access Fibre Channel SAN

data from a virtual machine

Worldwide Name Set A

Dynamic memory


virtual machines to


no downtime

Network

virtualization for

multitenancy and IP

portability

Larger virtual

machines to support

increased workloads

Open, extensible

switch to help


management needs

Manage virtual machines independently

from underlying infrastructure

Handle changing needs on demand

Live migration

within a cluster

Shared-nothing live

migration

Hyper-V

Replica

Live migration of

storage

Improvements• Faster and simultaneous migration

• Live migration outside a clustered environment

• Store virtual machines on a File Share

VM VM

Live migration setup

SMB network storage

IP connection

Configuration data

Memory pages transferred

Memory content

MEM

ORY

MEM

ORY

Modified pages transferred

Modified memory pages

Storage handle moved

VIRTUAL MACHINE MOBILITY

Live migration based on server message block (SMB) share

VM

Computer running Hyper-V

Target deviceSource device


Benefits• Manage storage in a cloud environment

with greater flexibility and control

• Move storage with no downtime

• Update physical storage available to a virtual machine (such as SMB-based storage)

• Windows PowerShell cmdlets

Live migration of storageMove virtual hard disks attached to a running virtual machine

Reads and writes go to the source VHDDisk contents are copied to new

destination VHDDisk writes are mirrored; outstanding

changes are replicatedReads and writes go to new

destination VHD

Virtual machine

Destination Hyper-V

Virtualmachine


Virtualmachine

Source Hyper-V

IP connection

Configuration data


Benefits• Increase flexibility of virtual machine

placement

• Increase administrator efficiency

• Reduce downtime for migrations across cluster boundaries

Shared-nothing live migrationReads and writes go to the

source VHDReads and writes go to the

source VHD. Live Migration Begins

Live Migration

Destination Hyper-V

Virtualmachine


Virtualmachine

Source Hyper-V

IP connection



placement





source VHD. Live Migration BeginsDisk contents are copied to new

destination VHD

Live Migration

Destination Hyper-V

Virtualmachine


Virtualmachine

Source Hyper-V

IP connection



placement







changes are replicated

Live Migration

Destination Hyper-V

Virtualmachine


Virtualmachine

Source Hyper-V

IP connection

Modified memory pages



placement







changes are replicated

Live Migration

MEM

ORY

MEM

ORY

Live Migration Continues

Destination Hyper-V

Virtualmachine




placement







changes are replicatedLive Migration ContinuesLive Migration Completes

Benefits• Affordable in-box business continuity and

disaster recovery

• Failure recovery in minutes

• More secure replication across network

• No need for storage arrays

• No need for other software replication technologies

• Automatic handling of live migration

• Simpler configuration and management

New featureReplicate Hyper-V virtual machines from a primary site to a replica site


Hyper-V role and tools

Hyper-V cmdlets

Hyper-V PS integrated UI

Hyper-V Management Module tracks and replicates changes for

each virtual machine

Hyper-V role and tools

Hyper-V cmdlets

Hyper-V PS integrated UI

Hyper-V Management Module receives and applies the changes to

the replica virtual machine

Primary site

CRM virtual machine

SQL virtual machine

SharePoint virtual machine

Exchange virtual machineIIS virtual machine Exchange

replica virtual

machine

CRM replicavirtual

machine

Replicate over WAN link

SMB file share

Send/receive replica traffic

SAN

R1

R2

R3P1 P2

Replica site

Dynamic memory


virtual machines to


no downtime

Network

virtualization for

multitenancy and IP

portability

Larger virtual

machines to support

increased workloads

Open, extensible

switch to help


management needs

Keep virtual

machines up and

running

Minimize downtime

due to

infrastructure

changes

Modify

virtual machine

configuration

without downtime

Ensure resource

availability in

shared

environments

Clustering

enhancements

Dynamic Memory

improvements NIC Teaming

Quality of Service

(QoS) minimum

bandwidth

Enable high-availability

solutions for many

workloads

Protect against:

• Application and service failure

• System and hardware failure

• Site failure (natural disaster, power

outages, or connectivity outages)

Increase availability and enable access to server-based applications

during planned and unplanned downtime

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Benefits

Guest clustering through Fibre

Channel• Connects to Fibre Channel directly from

within virtual machines

• Virtualizes workloads that:

– Use direct access to Fibre Channel storage

– Cluster guest operating systems over Fibre Channel

Clustered live migration enhancements

Uses higher network bandwidths (up to

10 GB) to complete migrations faster

Encrypted cluster volumes

Uses BitLocker Drive Encryption to enable

better physical security for deployments

outside of secure datacenters

Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) 2.0 • Simplifies the configuration and operation of

virtual machines

• Provides greater security and performance

• Integrates with storage arrays for out-of-box

replication and hardware snapshots

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Features

Transparent failover

Moves file shares between nodes with little interruption to server applications, such as:

• Configuration files

• Virtual hard disk files

• Snapshots in file shares over the SMB3 protocol

Hyper-V application monitoring• Uses Hyper-V and failover clustering to bring higher availability to workloads

that do not officially support clustering

• Monitors services and event logs inside the virtual machine

• Determines health of the virtual machine’s key services

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Features

Virtual machine failover

prioritization

• Lets you configure virtual machine priorities

• Controls the order in which virtual machines

fail over or start

Affinity (and anti-affinity)

virtual machine rules

• Lets you configure partnered

virtual machines to migrate

simultaneously during failover

Example: A Microsoft SharePoint virtual machine and

partnered Microsoft SQL Server virtual machine can be

configured to always fail over together to the same node.

• Allows you to specify that two

virtual machines cannot coexist on

the same node in a failover

scenario (anti-affinity)

In-box live migration queuing

Lets you perform large, multiselect actions to

queue live migrations of multiple virtual

machines

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Features

Relative minimum bandwidth

Strict minimum bandwidth

Bandwidth

oversubscription

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Features• Establishes a bandwidth floor

• Assigns specified bandwidth for each type of traffic

• Helps to ensure fair sharing during congestion

• Can exceed quota with no congestion

Two mechanisms• Enhanced packet scheduler (software)

• Network adapter with DCB support (hardware)

Normal priority

High priority

Critical

Hyper-V Extensible Switch

W=1 W=2 W=5

Bronze tenant

Silver tenant

Gold tenant


100 MB 200 MB 500 MB

1 Gbps

Gold tenant

Gold tenant

Gold tenant


500 MB 500 MB 500 MB

1 Gbps

NIC Teaming

1 Gbps

General benefits • Needs fewer expensive network adapters

• Makes best use of 10-GbE hardware

For public cloud hosting providers • Manages performance levels for SLAs

• Delivers minimal impact or compromise in shared infrastructure

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Runtime bandwidth

demand (gigabits

per second)

Service Reservation T1 T2 T3

Virtual

machine30% 4 4 2

Storage 40% 5 5 6

Live

migration20% 0 3 2

Cluster

Shared

Volume

10% 0.5 1 0

T1

4

5

0.5

T3

2

6

2

T2

3

4

1

2

Actual bandwidth

usage by each service

When

bandwidth is

available, each

service takes as

much as it can

When the link

is congested,

each service

takes its fair

share

When bandwidth

becomes

available, each

service takes as

much as it wants

VM1

Maximummemory

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Hyper-V

Physicalmemory

pool

Minimummemory

Maximummemory Memory in use

Physicalmemory

pool

Memory in use

Physicalmemory

pool

Administrator can increase maximum memory without a restart

Dynamic Memory • Introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1

• Reallocates memory automatically among running virtual machines

Windows Server 2012 improvements• Minimum memory

• Hyper-V smart paging

• Memory ballooning

• Runtime configuration

Hyper-V

VM1

Maximummemory

Virtual machine starting with

Hyper-V smart paging

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Minimummemory

VMn

Minimummemory

Maximummemory

VM2

Maximummemory

Minimummemory

Physicalmemory

pool

Physicalmemory

pool

Physicalmemory

pool

Startup increases

memory in use

Paging file provides additional memory for startup

Benefits• Higher consolidation numbers

• Improved reliability of Hyper-V operations

• Ability to increase maximum memory configuration with minimal downtime

Removing paged memory after

virtual machine restart

Memory reclaimed after startup

Physicalmemory

pool

Memory in use

after startup

• Detects and fixes problems

• Does not require the virtual machine to be exported

• Allows a virtual machine to be copied to a USB flash drive

• Moves virtual machines more easily and reliably

• Uses Windows PowerShell cmdlets for automation

Import wizardSimpler, better way to import virtual machines

User selects the virtual machine to import/register

User selectsin-place registration

User selectsremote registration

Copies of the configuration file and saved state are

copied to the destination

Validation occurs on the new host

If required, “fix it” wizard is used for repair operations

Virtual machine is ready to start up

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

BENEFITS

Snapshot data stored in .avhd files

.avhd disk can be merged into the parent while the

virtual machine continues to run

I/O suspended to a small range while data in the range

is processed

At completion, online merge fixes merged disks and

closes files

Update parent virtual hard disks while the virtual

machine is still running

HOW SNAPSHOTS WORK

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

What is NIC Teaming?• Multiple parallel network connections

• Increases throughput

• Provides redundancy in case of link failure

NIC Teaming in a Hyper-V environment• Uses virtual network adapters

• Can connect to more than one virtual switch

• Maintains connectivity if one switch

disconnects

• Can support up to 32 network adapters in a

team (Example: SR-IOV)

• Higher reliability against failure

• Better throughput

Benefits

Management

• Windows PowerShell

• Configuration UI for NIC Teaming Server Manager

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

• Multiple modes: switch dependent and independent

• Hashing modes: port and 4-tuple

• Active/active and active/standby

CONTINUOUS SERVICES

Virtual adapters

Team network adapter

Team network adapter

Dynamic memory


virtual machines to


no downtime

Network

virtualization for

multitenancy and IP

portability

Larger virtual

machines to support

increased workloads

Open, extensible

switch to help


management needs

Use partner

extensions or

create your own to

support security

and management

needs

Use existing

management tools

to handle your

multiserver

virtualization

environment

Hyper-V Extensible

Switch

Windows

PowerShell

Integration with

Microsoft System

Center

Hardware

offloading

Parent Partition

Other featuresExtension monitoring

Extension uniqueness

Extensions that learn virtual machine life cycle

Extensions that can veto state changes

Multiple extensions on same switch

Two platforms for extensions• Network Device Interface Specification

(NDIS) filter drivers

• Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) callout drivers

You can extend or replace

• NDIS filter drivers

• WFP callout drivers

• Ingress filtering

• Destination lookup and forwarding

• Egress filtering

OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

Hyper-V Extensible Switch architecture

Extension C

Extension D

Extension A

Extension Miniport

Extension Protocol

Virtual Switch

Physical NIC

Virtual Machine

Host NIC VM NIC

Virtual Machine

VM NIC

Capture Extensions

Filtering Extensions

Forwarding Extension

OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

Extension Purpose Potential examples Extensible component

Network packet inspectionInspecting network packets, but not

altering them

sFlow and network

monitoringNDIS filter driver

Network packet filterInjecting, modifying, and dropping

network packetsSecurity NDIS filter driver

Network forwardingThird-party forwarding that bypasses

default forwarding

OpenFlow, Virtual Ethernet

Port Aggregator (VEPA),

and proprietary network

fabrics

NDIS filter driver

Firewall/intrusion detection

Filtering and modifying TCP/IP

packets, monitoring or authorizing

connections, filtering IPsec-

protected traffic, and filtering RPCs

Virtual firewall and

connection monitoringWFP callout driver

OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

Benefits• Rapid virtual machine provisioning and

migration

• Faster transfers on large files

• Minimized latency

• Maximized array throughput

• Less CPU and network use

• Performance not limited by network throughput or server use

• Improved datacenter capacity and scale

• Automation

Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)Token-based data transfer between intelligent storage arrays

Token-based copy operation

Token

Offload writeTokenOffload read Token

Intelligent storage array

Actual data transfer

OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

• Increases network throughput

• Reduces network latency

• Reduces host CPU overhead for processing network traffic

Benefits• Maximizes use of host system processors

and memory

• Handles the most demanding workloads

Single Root I/O Virtualization

(SR-IOV)

Virtual machine

Network stack

Software NIC Virtual function (VF)


SR-IOV network adapter VF VF VF

More than 150 cmdlets

Designed for IT pros

Task-oriented interface

Consistent cmdlet nouns

OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

Partner enablementMultitenancyTenant administrator

Virtual machine network isolation

Service deployment

Performance and scaleWindows Server 2012

OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

Dynamic memory


virtual machines to


no downtime

Network

virtualization for

multitenancy and IP

portability

Larger virtual

machines to support

increased workloads

Open, extensible

switch to help


management needs

Track resource use

for knowledge and

reporting

Connect on-

premises networks

with off-site

networks

Have multiple customers and

divisions with same subnets

without IP address conflictsNetwork

virtualization

Resource Metering

IP portability

Benefits• Layer 2 virtual interface

• Managed programmatically

• Extensible by partners or customers

New featureHandles network traffic among virtual machines, external network, and host operating system

ISOLATION AND MULTITENANCY

Virtual machine

Networkapplication

Virtual network adapter

Hyper–V host

Hyper-VExtensible Switch

Physical networkadapter

Physical switch

Virtual machine

Networkapplication

Virtual networkadapter

Virtual machine

Networkapplication

Virtual networkadapter


• Isolate some virtual machines from others in your datacenter

• Create community groups of virtual machines that can exchange data packets

Private virtual LAN (PVLAN)

Example PVLAN:

‒ Primary VLAN ID is 2

‒ Secondary VLAN IDs are 4 and 5

NIC

PVLAN Port types:

Isolated

Community

Promiscuous

Trunk mode NIC

Guest OS 1 10.0.0.1

Guest OS 2 10.0.0.2

Guest OS 3 10.0.0.3

Guest OS 4 10.0.0.4

Guest OS 5 10.0.0.5

2, (4) 2 , (4) 2, (5) 2, (5)

2, (4, 5)

2, (5)

How network virtualization works• Two IP addresses for each virtual machine

• General Routing Encapsulation (GRE)

• IP address rewrite

• Policy management server

Problems solved• Removes VLAN constraints

• Helps eliminate hierarchical IP address assignment for virtual machines


Physical server Physical network

Blue virtual

machine

Pink virtual

machine Blue network Pink network

Benefits

Requires no upgrade of network adapters, switches, or network appliances

Can be deployed today without sacrificing performance

How IP address rewrite works

Maps each Customer Address (CA) to a unique Provider Address (PA)

Sends information in regular TCP/IP packets on the wire


Blue Corp

Pink Corp

Policy settings

Customer Address

Provider Address

10.1.1.1 192.168.1.10

10.1.1.2 192.168.1.12

Customer Address

Provider Address

10.1.1.1 192.168.1.11

10.1.1.2 192.168.1.13

192.168.10 192.168.11 192.168.12 192.168.13

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2

Customer address spaces

Datacenter

network

Features

• Uses resource pools

• Compatible with all Hyper-V operations

• Unaffected by virtual machine movement

• Uses Network Metering Port ACLs

Benefits of Resource Metering

• Easier to track virtual machine use

• Can be used to aggregate data for multiple virtual machines

• Can be used to build accurate lookback and chargeback solutions

• Easier to obtain resource use data

MetricsAverage CPU use

Average memory use

Minimum memory use

Maximum memory use

Maximum disk allocation

Incoming network traffic

Outgoing network traffic


A two-tenant environment built with Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012

Virtual Machine Resource Metering

20 10

Resource Pool Internet Resource Metering

10 5

3045 2540

Resource PoolInternetCustomer 2

30 55

Resource PoolInternetCustomer 1

0

0 0

0

1015202530354045505152025

BENEFITS

ARP spoofing protection

DHCP guard protection

Virtual port ACLs

Trunk mode to virtual machines

Monitoring

Windows PowerShell | Windows Management

Instrumentation (WMI)

Enhanced security and isolation

Manageability

Isolation of customers’ networks from one another

No need to set up and maintain VLANs

Protection against malicious data interception

OTHER TOOLS


Dynamic memory


virtual machines to


no downtime

Network

virtualization for

multitenancy and IP

portability

Larger virtual

machines to support

increased workloads

Open, extensible

switch to help


management needs


CONTINUOUS SERVICESISOLATION AND MULTITENANCY

SCALE AND PERFORMANCE OPEN AND EXTENSIBLE

Get the evaluationMicrosoft Server and Cloud Platform:

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-

server/2012-default.aspx

Microsoft Learning:

http://www.microsoft.com/learning/

Microsoft Virtual Academy:

http://www.microsoftvirtualacademy.com

Get certified

Get trained

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/2012-default.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/learning/

http://www.microsoftvirtualacademy.com/

Documents

Introductiondownload.microsoft.com/documents/hk/technet/techdays2013... · 2018-12-05 · Introduction Make it real Support for important business workloads through scale and performance