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©2015, College for Financial Planning, all rights reserved.
Session 15ISOs and NSOs
CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER CERTIFICATION PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMRetirement Planning & Employee Benefits
Session Details
Module 8
Chapter 4
LOs 8-5 Identify characteristics of incentive stock options (ISOs) and employee stock purchase plans (ESPPs).
8-6 Identify characteristics of nonqualified stock options (NSOs) and other types of incentive stock plans.
15-2
Nonqualified vs. Qualified Plans
Characteristic Qualified Plan Nonqualified Plan
Internal Revenue Code Requirements
Discrimination Plan may not discriminate Plan may discriminate
ERISA Requirements
All plans must satisfy ERISA and IRC requirements
Certain plans are partially exempt from ERISA
Tax Treatment
Employer deduction
Available in year of plan contribution
Available in year of employee taxation
Employee deferral Tax-deferred until plandistribution; rollovers allowed
Tax-deferred only if unfunded or funds are at risk; no rollovers
Fund earnings Earnings accrue tax-deferred until distribution
Earnings usually are currently taxable to employer
Distributions Taxed at ordinary rates;averaging may be available on lump sums
Taxed at ordinary rates; averaging not available on lump sums
15-3
“Stock” Plans
• Restricted stock• ISOs• ESPPs• NSOs• SARs• Phantom stock• Performance unit
or share plans• Junior stock
15-4
Incentive Stock Options (ISO)
Requirements• Can only be offered to employees
• Must be issued under a written plan approved by the stockholders of the corporation
• The option term and exercise period cannot exceed 10 years
• The option price must equal or exceed the FMV of the stock at the time of the grant1
• The options must expire no later than three months after employment is terminated
• The option can only be exercised by the option holder and cannot be transferred, except at the death of the option holder
• No more than $100,000 can be exercised in one year
1 If the employee owns more than 10% of the voting stock of the company,
the option price must be at least 110% of the FMV. 15-5
Tax Treatment of Incentive Stock Options
• No income tax is owed when the ISOs:o are granted ando are exercised
• The difference between grant and exercise price is AMT income in year of exercise (if stock is disposed of in same year as exercise, no AMT income)
• Income tax is owed when the stock purchased with the ISOs is sold
• How the gain will be taxed depends on whether the disposition is a “qualifying disposition” or a “disqualifying disposition”
15-6
$10
$15
$25
Price
Understanding Stock Option Terms
Time
Disposition date
Grant date Exercise date
Exercise price
FMV at exercise
Disposition price
15-7
Price
Holding Periods and Taxation of ISOs
Time
Disposition date
Grant date Exercise date
$10
$15
$25
Exercise price
FMV at exercise
Disposition price
2 years from grant
1 year from
exercise
15-8
Price
Taxation of ISO Disqualifying Disposition
Time
Disposition date
Grant date Exercise date
$10
$15
$25
Exercise price
FMV at exercise
Disposition price
Holding period requirement not met
Held less than 1 year – entire gain taxed as ordinary income
$5
$10
The tax treatment of a disqualifying disposition is the same as for an NQSO (except for FICA and withholding rules). Disqualifying dispositions generally do not have AMT ramifications.
15-9
Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs)
• $25,000 annual maximum• Shares can be sold at up to a 15%
discount• Same holding period requirement as ISOs
for capital gains treatment
15-10
Nonqualified Stock Options (NQSOs)
• Options can be given to both employees and non-employees
• Exercise price must equal or exceed FMV of stock at time of grant
• The company can set the requirements for exercising the options
• The company can determine the conditions under which the options are forfeited
• No holding period rules apply
15-11
Tax Treatment of NQSOs
• The options are not taxed when granted unless they have an ascertainable value
• Taxed as compensation (W-2 income) upon exercise of the option (bargain element)
• The employer receives a deduction for the amount taxed to the option holder
• Any change in value between the FMV at exercise and the disposition price is taxed as a long- or short-term capital gain or loss
15-12
Price
Taxation of Nonqualified Stock Options
Time
Disposition date
Grant date Exercise date
Exercise price
FMV at exercise
Disposition price
Compensation
Capital gains
$5
$10
$25
$10
$15
15-13
Stock Option Comparison (1)
The plan must: ISO NQSO
Be a written document Yes Yes
Declare the number of shares subject to grant Yes No
Declare employees or classes eligible Yes No
Obtain shareholder approval 12 months before or after adoption Yes No
15-14
Stock Option Comparison (2)
The options must: ISO NQSO
Be granted within 10 years of approval or adoption of plan Yes No
Be exercisable no later than 10 years after the grant (5 years for >10% owner) Yes No
Be exercisable at no less than FMV on date of grant (110% for >10% owner) Yes No
Be nontransferable Yes No
Be limited to no more than $100,000 a year in FMV of shares per year Yes No
15-15
Stock Option Comparison (3)
Recipient must meet holding period of: ISO NQSO
From date of grant 2 years None
From date of exercise 1 year None
Be an employee on date of grant Yes No
Exercise options within timeframe3 months following
terminationNo
15-16
Question 1
Rex works for Titan Industries, which is currently trading at $12 per share. The company awards him incentive stock options (ISOs) for 2,000 shares with an exercise price of $12. Rex exercises (but does not sell) the options three years later when the stock is trading at $45 per share. Which one of the following statements is correct?
a. Upon exercise, Rex will owe taxes (W-2 income) on $24,000(2,000 shares x $12 exercise price).
b. Upon exercise, Rex will owe taxes (W-2 income) on $66,000 ($33 difference on 2,000 shares—difference between the $45 current price and $12 grant price).
c. Upon exercise, Rex will be subject to AMT taxes of $45 per share.
d. Upon exercise, Rex will not owe any regular income taxes.
15-17
Question 2
Rex was also granted some nonqualified stock options (NSOs), with an exercise price of $15 per share (issued when the company stock was trading at $15 per share). His grant was for 4,000 shares, which he exercises (but does not sell) two years later when the stock is trading at $50 per share.
Which of the following statements is correct? a. Upon exercise, Rex will owe taxes (W-2 income and
payroll taxes) on $200,000 (4,000 shares x $50 per share).
b. Upon exercise, Rex will owe taxes (W-2 income and payroll taxes) on $140,000 ($35 difference on 4,000 shares – difference between the $50 current price and the $15 grant price).
c. Upon exercise, Rex will be subject to AMT taxes on $140,000.
d. Upon exercise, Rex will not owe any regular income taxes.
15-18
Multiple Choice DataJim Dandy, the CEO of Dandy Industries, was awarded the following stock options from his company:
During the current year, 2015, Jim has the following transactions with the stock options:
During the current year, Jim has the following transactions with the stock options:
Stock Option
Grant Date Type Grant Price # of shares
AA Mar 1, 2007 NSO $15 5,000
BB Feb 1, 2008 ISO $20 1,000
CC Oct 1, 2009 ISO $30 1,000
DD Aug 1, 2010 NSO $35 5,000
Stock Option Date Action
Number of Shares
Mkt Price on Action Date
AA Jan 1, 2015 Exercise 3,000 $77 BB Feb 1, 2015 Exercise 1,000 $78 BB Feb 1, 2015 Sold 1,000 $78 CC Mar 1, 2015 Exercise 1,000 $80 DD Apr 1, 2015 Exercise 2,000 $82 DD Oct 1, 2016 Sold 2,000 $85
15-19
Question 3
Which one of the following is correct regarding options AA for 2015? a. Jim has W-2 income, subject to payroll
taxes, of $186,000. b. Jim has a short-term capital gain of
$186,000. c. Jim has a long-term capital gain of
$186,000. d. Jim has no tax liability since the shares
were exercised but not sold.
15-20
Question 4
Which one of the following is correct regarding options BB for 2015? a. Jim has a short-term capital gain of
$58,000. b. Jim has a long-term capital gain of
$58,000. c. Jim’s sale is a disqualifying disposition,
and he has W-2 income of $58,000. d. Jim has AMT income in the amount of
$58,000.
15-21
Question 5
Which one of the following is correct regarding options CC for 2015? a. Jim has no tax liability since the shares
were exercised but not sold. b. Jim has a $50,000 long-term capital
gain since the shares have been held more than two years since the grant date.
c. Jim’s exercise is a disqualifying disposition, and he has W-2 income of $50,000.
d. Jim’s exercise will result in AMT income of $50,000. 15-22
Question 6
Which one of the following is correct regarding options DD for 2015? a. Upon exercise, Jim will have W-2
income of $94,000. b. Upon exercise, Jim will have W-2
income, with payroll taxes of $94,000. c. Upon exercise, Jim will not owe any
taxes since the shares have not been sold yet.
d. Upon exercise, Jim will have AMT income of $94,000, but no regular income taxation.
15-23
Question 7
Which one of the following is correct regarding options DD? a. Upon sale of the stock, Jim will have W-
2 income, with payroll taxes, of $100,000.
b. Upon sale of the stock, Jim will have W-2 income of $6,000.
c. Upon sale of the stock, Jim will have a long-term capital gain of $6,000.
d. Upon sale of the stock, Jim will have AMT income of $100,000. 15-24
Question 8
Which of the following statements are true? I. Upon exercise, W-2 income is reported, and
payroll taxes due, for NSOs.II. Upon exercise, W-2 income is reported for
ISOs.III. Upon exercise, AMT taxable income will be
created if the ISO is not sold by the end of the year.
IV. If an ISO is sold in the same year as exercised, there will not be any AMT income reported.a. I and III only b. II and III only c. I, III, and IV only d. II, III, and IV only
15-25
©2015, College for Financial Planning, all rights reserved.
Session 15End of Slides
CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER CERTIFICATION PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMRetirement Planning & Employee Benefits