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©2011 Teacher’s Discovery, a division of American Eagle Co., Inc.
This product is the copyrighted property of Teacher’s Discovery. Purchase of this product grants a teacher and their entire school license to use in their classrooms. Permission is granted to purchaser
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brillig_carrot_biancaii
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ContentsIntroduction:ResearchPaperProcedure
StepstoWritingaResearchPaper . . . . 1
Step1:ResourcesUnderstandingAvailableResources . . . 2AvoidingPlagiarism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Step2:TopicSelectionTasksforSelectingaTopic . . . . . . . . . . 4ThreeMethodstoNarrowtheSubject . . 5
Step3:PreliminaryResearchCorrectlyWritingaSourceCard . . . . . . 6MLASourceCardforaBook . . . . . . . . . 7MLASourceCardDiagrams MLABookFormat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 MLAArticlefromaDatabaseFormat . . 9APASourceCardforaBook . . . . . . . . 10APASourceCardDiagrams APABookFormat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 APAArticlefromaDatabaseFormat . . 12
Step4:FormulateaThesisStatementAPoorThesisStatement . . . . . . . . . . 13AGoodThesisStatement . . . . . . . . . . 14
Step5:MakeanOutlineOutliningPointstoRemember . . . . . . 15OutlineExamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Step6:TakeNotesTasksinNoteTaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17ExampleNoteCard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Step7:PreparetoWriteParaphrasingRules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19SummarizingRules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20WhenUsingDirectQuotes . . . . . . . . . 21Lead-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Follow-ups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23WhenUsingParenthetical Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24MLAParentheticalDocumentation . . . 25APAParentheticalDocumentation . . . 26
Step8:WritetheRoughDraftFromNoteCardstoRoughDraft . . . . . 27ElementsoftheIntroduction . . . . . . . 29ElementsoftheConclusion . . . . . . . . . 30
Step9:ReviseandProofreadOverviewoftheFinishingStage . . . . . 31
Step10:PreparetheCitationPageMLAWorksCitedPage . . . . . . . . . . . . 32APAReferencesPage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
TheFinalDraft:OneLastLookResearchPaperFinalChecklist . . . . . . 34
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
StepstoWritingaResearchPaper
Step1 . Understandtheavailableresources .
Step2 . Selectatopic .
Step3 . Conductpreliminaryresearchandbeginwritingsourcecards .
Step4 . Formulateathesisstatement .
Step5 . Makeapreliminaryoutline .
Step6 . Takenotes .
Step7 . Preparetowrite .
Step8 . Writetheroughdraft .
Step9 . Reviseandproofread .
Step10 . Prepareworkscitedpageorreferencespage .
Introduction:OverviewoftheResearchProcess
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
UnderstandingAvailableResources
TypesofMedia
• Printsources
• Non-printsources
• Electronicsources
PrimaryandSecondaryResources
FindingtheRightSources
• Otherlibraries
• TheWorldWideWebontheInternet
Step1:Resources
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
AvoidingPlagiarism
•Afactthatisnotcommonknowledgemustbecited .
•Alwaysclarifythesourceofanyidea,fact,statistic,etc .
•Whenwritingaboutsomeoneelse’sidea,alwayscitethesource .
•Whenusingsomeoneelse’sexactwords,usequotationmarksandcitethesource .
•Paraphrasesmustbesufficientlydifferentfromtheoriginalwordingandmustincludeacitation .
Step1:Resources
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
TasksforSelectingaTopic
Task1 . Selectanexcellenttopic .
Task2 . Findanangle .
Task3 . Dosomeseriouspreliminarywork .
Task4 . Brainstorm .
Step2:TopicSelection
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
ThreeMethodstoNarrowtheSubject
Method1 . Askquestionsaboutthesubjecttogeneratemorespecifictopics.
Method2 . Breakthesubjectintosmallerparts .
Method3 . Simplifyacomplexsubject .
Step2:TopicSelection
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
WritingaSourceCard
•Useapenandlined3"x5"indexcards .
•Thefirstlineofeachentryisnotindented.Foreachadditionalline,indentahalfinch .
•Writethesourceinformationinthesameformatneededfortheworkscitedorreferencespage .
•Consulttheguidelinesforeachsourcetobesurethattherequiredinformationisincludedinthecorrectformat .
•Keepsourcecardstogetherandinasafeplace .
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
MLASourceCardforaBook
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
Call number
Author’s last name, First name Middle initial. Title of Book: Subtitle. 1st City of publication: Publisher, Year published.
Medium.
(Notes)
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
SourceCardDiagram
MLABookFormat
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
F Lahiri
Lahiri, Jhumpa. Unaccustomed Earth. New York: Knopf, 2008. Print.
Note division between Part one and Part two; compare themes and tone.
medium
author'sname
studentnotes
publisher
dateofpubli-cation
title
callnumber
cityofpublica-tion
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
author'sname
studentnotes
medium
volume&issue
title
databasename
Romm, Joseph. “Stimulating Green Energy.” Technology Review 112.3 (May 2009): 10. Proquest. Web. 18 May 2009.
Paragraph 3 has good description of green energy.
SourceCardDiagram
MLAArticlefromaDatabaseFormat
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
nameofpublica-tion
dateofaccess
date
page
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Call number
Author’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication) Title of book: Subtitle. City of publication,
State abbreviation: Publisher.
(Notes)
APASourceCardforaBook
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
SourceCardDiagram
APABookFormat
Q162 .F694 2008
Angier, N. (2008). The Canon: A whirligig tour of the beautiful basics of science. Boston, MA: Houghton.
Note description of cells in Chapter 7.
author'sname
studentnotes
publisher
dateofpublica-
tiontitle
callnumber
placeofpublica-tion
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step3:PreliminaryResearch
SourceCardDiagram
APAArticlefromaDatabaseFormat
author'sname
studentnotes
URL
title
volume&issue
Romm, J. (2009 May). “Stimulating green energy.” Technology Review, 112(3),10. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.umi.com.
Paragraph 3 has good description of green energy.
nameofpublica-
tion
date
page
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
APoorThesisStatement…
D Merelystatesafact
D Merelyexpressesapersonalopinion
D Generalizesasubject
D Iswritteninquestionform
Step4:FormulateaThesisStatement
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
AGoodThesisStatement…
C Isadeclarativesentence
C Containsajudgment
C Issignificant
C Maycompareorcontrast
C Mayfocusoncausesoreffects
C Mayproposeasolutiontoaproblem
Step4:FormulateaThesisStatement
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step5:MakeanOutline
OutliningPointstoRemember
Point1 . Lookforexamples,facts,statistics,anddetailsthatsupporteachtopic .
Point2 . Eachmajorsupportingtopicwillbeusedasthetopicheadingfornotecards .
Point3 . Provideatleasttwosupportingtopicstosupportthethesis .
Point4 . Provideatleasttwosupportingsubtopicsundereachmajortopic .
Point5 . Letters,numbers,andindentationshouldreflectlogicalrelationshipsamongideas .
Point6 . Thistentativeoutlinewillchangeasthepaperprogresses .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
�Thesis�Statement:�________________________________________�
� �� __________________________________________________
A.� �Major�Supporting�Topic:��_______________________________�
�� __________________________________________________�
1.��Example:��_________________________________________�
2.��Example:��_________________________________________�
3.��Example:��_________________________________________
B.� �Major�Supporting�Topic:��_______________________________�
�� __________________________________________________�
1.��Example:��_________________________________________�
2.��Example:��_________________________________________�
3.��Example:��_________________________________________
C.� �Major�Supporting�Topic:��_______________________________�
�� __________________________________________________�
1.��Example:��_________________________________________�
2.��Example:��_________________________________________�
3.��Example:��_________________________________________
Step5:MakeanOutline
OutlineExamples
�Thesis�Statement:�________________________________________�
� �� __________________________________________________
A.� �Major�Supporting�Topic:��_______________________________�
�� __________________________________________________�
1.��Subtopic:�� ________________________________________�
�����a.��Example:��_______________________________________�
�����b.��Example:�� ______________________________________
2.��Subtopic:�� ________________________________________�
�����a.��Example:��_______________________________________�
�����b.��Example:�� ______________________________________
B.� �Major�Supporting�Topic:��_______________________________�
�� __________________________________________________�
1.��Example:��_________________________________________�
2.��Example:��_________________________________________
C.� �Major�Supporting�Topic:��_______________________________�
�� __________________________________________________�
1.��Example:��_________________________________________�
2.��Example:��_________________________________________
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step6:TakeNotes
TasksinNoteTaking
Task1 . NoteCards•Use4"x6"or5"x8"indexcards .
Task2 . TopicHeadings•Writeatopicheadingintheupperleft
cornerforeachnotecard .
Task3 . Formatting•Writetheauthor’slastnameandthe
pagenumberintheupperrightcornerforeachnotecard .
•Writeinpen .
Task4 . OneIdeaPerCard
Task5 . RecordPrecisely•Recordtheoriginalinformationword-
for-word .Donotparaphrase .•Reproducecapitalization,spelling,and
punctuationoftheoriginalinformation .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Efforts to reform spelling Wolman 4
President Theodore Roosevelt was a proponent of a revision scheme known as simplified spelling. In 1906 he began using some of the three hundred novel spellings suggested by a group called the Simplified Spelling Board, including “dipt” for “dipped,” “rime” for “rhyme,” and “tho” for “though.” He ordered the Government Printing Office to apply the new spellings to all future materials, although the order was soon revoked.
Step6:TakeNotes
ExampleNoteCard
author’sname
page
topicheadingborrowedmaterialquoted
word-for-word
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
ParaphrasingRules
Rule1 . Haveathoroughunderstandingofthepassage .
Rule2 . Clarifyandsimplifytheoriginalpassage .
Rule3 . Retaintheexactmeaningoftheoriginalpassage .
Rule4 . Maintainapproximatelythesamelength,orderofideas,andtone .
Rule5 . Maintainapersonalwritingstyleevenwhenrestatingothers'ideas,attitudes,andbeliefs .
Rule6 . Providein-textcitationsforallparaphrases .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
SummarizingRules
Rule1 . Haveathoroughunderstandingofthepassage .
Rule2 . Restatethemainfactsandideas,inthesameorder .
Rule3 . Omitunnecessarydescriptivedetails,examples,illustrations,analogies,andanecdotes .
Rule4 . Shrinkthepassagetoaboutone-third(1/3)theoriginallength .
Rule5 . Providein-textcitationsforallsummaries .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
WhenUsingDirectQuotes…
•Usedirectquotationssparingly
•Copytheauthor’sexactwordsandenclosetheminquotationmarks
•Providealead-in,follow-up,andparentheticalcitationforeachquotation
•Useellipsestoindicateomissions
•Quotationslongerthanfourlinesrequireadifferentformat
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
Lead-ins…
•Introducequotedmaterial
•Providesmoothtransitions
•Givethefullcontextofthequotation
•Oftenprovidethecredentialsoftheindividualquoted
•Mustprecedealldirectquotations
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
Follow-ups…
•Explain,discuss,orprovidecommentaryonthedirectquotation
•Mayfocusonthesignificanceofthequotedmaterial
•Mayfocusontheimplicationsofthequotedmaterial
•Mayfocusontherelevanceofthequotationtothewriter’sargument
•Maymakeaconnectionbetweenthequotationandthetopic
•Arerequiredafteralldirectquotations
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
WhenUsingParentheticalDocumentation…
•Citeeverythingthatisnotapersonalopinionorcommonknowledge
•Allborrowedmaterialrequiresin-textcitation
•Borrowedmaterialincludesdirectquotations,paraphrases,summaries,maps,charts,andillustrations,amongotheritems
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
MLAParentheticalDocumentation
•Citationincludestheauthor’slastnameandthepagenumber .
•Enclosethecitationinparentheses .
•Putthecitationattheendofthesentence .
•Thecitationprecedesthepunctuationmarkthatconcludesthesentencecontainingborrowedmaterial .
•Thecitationmustmatchthecorrespondinginformationontheworkscitedpage .
•Makecitationsbriefanduseasfewasclarityandaccuracypermit .
•Quotationsoflongerthanfourlinesrequireadifferentformat .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step7:PreparetoWrite
APAParentheticalDocumentation
•Citationincludestheauthor’slastnameandtheyearofpublication .
•Enclosethecitationinparentheses .
•Insertthecitationascloseaspossibletothematerialitdocuments,evenifthatmeansmid-sentence .
•Thecitationprecedesthepunctuationmarkthatconcludesthesentence .
•Makecitationsbriefanduseasfewasclarityandaccuracypermit .
•Blockquotations(over40wordslong)requireadifferentformat .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step8:WritetheRoughDraft
• Workononesectionofthepaperatatime .
• Arrangenotecardsforthefirstbodysectionintheordertheywillbeusedinthepaper .
• Writethetopicsentenceforthefirstbodysection .
• Beginprovidingsupportforthatidea,usinginformationfromthecardsintheirpredeterminedorder .
• Varyuseofborrowedmaterialbyusingparaphraseandsummary .
FromNoteCardstoRoughDraft
Continuedonnextframe…
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
• Insertparentheticalcitationsasyouwrite .
• Providelead-insandfollow-upsforalldirectquotations .
• Providecommentaryanddiscussionforborrowedmaterial .
• Continuallyimproveonthewording,syntax,andclarityofthought .
• Repeatthisprocessfortheremainingbodysections .
Step8:WritetheRoughDraft
FromNoteCardstoRoughDraftcontinued…
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step8:WritetheRoughDraft
ElementsoftheIntroduction
Element1 . Focusingsentences
Element2 . Thesisstatement
Element3 . Methodofdevelopment(MOD)
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step8:WritetheRoughDraft
ElementsoftheConclusion
Element1 . Refocusingsentences
Element2 . Rewordedthesisstatement
Element3 . Recapitulation
Element4 . Closingsentences
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step9:ReviseandProofread
OverviewoftheFinishingStage
•Polishthewriting .
•Getfeedbackfromothers .
•Checkforallnecessaryelements .
•Verifyaccuracyofallin-textcitations .
•Ensurethatallformattingandsubmissionrequirementshavebeenmet .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step10:PreparetheCitationPage
MLAWorksCitedPage
•Arrangecardsalphabeticallybyauthor .
•Punctuatecarefully .
•Double-checkpublicationinformation .
•CapitalizetitlesaccordingtoMLArules .
•Startaseparatedigitalfilefollowingtheproperformat .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
Step10:PreparetheCitationPage
APAReferencesPage
•Arrangecardsalphabeticallybyauthor .
•Punctuatecarefully .
•Double-checkpublicationinformation .
•CapitalizetitlesaccordingtoAPArules .
•Startaseparatedigitalfilefollowingtheproperformat .
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
ResearchPaperFinalChecklist
Beforesubmitting,reviewtoensureyourpaper…
Meetsformatting,structure,andcontentrequirements
Incorporatesthedesiredchangesfromproofreadingandpeerreviews
Citesalldocumentationandborrowedmaterialsinthepaperandonthesourcecards
IncludesthecompleteWorksCited(MLA)orReferences(APA)page
Haveyoucheckedoffallpointswithconfidence?
yes no
TheFinalDraft:OneLastLook
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©2011 Teacher's Discovery®. All rights reserved. Research Paper Procedure Projectables
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