2011 Pharm 3170 Accel Week 2 Part 1 BB With Sound

8/3/2019 2011 Pharm 3170 Accel Week 2 Part 1 BB With Sound

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Pharmacology 3170 Accelerated

Week Two Peripheral Nervous System

Part 1 with sound


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Basic Principles of

Neuropharmacology

Multiple receptor types and selectivity of

drug actions

An approach to learning about peripheralnervous system drugs Knowing the receptors that the drug affects

Knowing the normal responses to activation of

those receptors Knowing whether the drug in question increases

or decreases receptor activation


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Review of

Neuropharmacology

Figure 12-01. How neurons regulate other cells.

There are two basic steps in the process by which neurons elicit

responses from other cells: (1) axonal conduction and (2) synaptic

transmission. (T = neurotransmitter.)


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How Neurons Regulate

Physiologic Processes in Two

Basic Steps

Axonal conduction

Action potential down the axon Synaptic transmission

Information carried across the neuron gap and

the postsynaptic cell

Postsynaptic cellAnother neuron, muscle cell, or cell within a secretory

gland


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Basic Mechanisms of

Neuropharmacologic Agents

Sites of action: axons versus synapsesAxonal conduction

Synaptic transmission

Receptors


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Basic Mechanisms

Steps insynaptic

transmission:

1.Transmittersynthesis

2.Transmitter

storage

3.Transmitter

release

4.

Receptorbinding

5.Termination

oftransmission


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Steps in synaptic transmission

Figure 12-02. Steps in synaptic transmission.Step 1, Synthesis of transmitter (T) from precursor molecules (Q, R, and S). Step 2, Storage of transmitter in vesicles. Step 3, Release of

transmitter: In response to an action potential, vesicles fuse with the terminal membrane and discharge their contents into the synaptic gap.Step 4,Action at receptor: Transmitter binds (reversibly) to its receptor on the postsynaptic cell, causing a response in that cell. Step 5,

Termination of transmission: Transmitter dissociates from its receptor and is then removed from the synaptic gap by (a) reuptake into the nerve

terminal, (b) enzymatic degradation, or (c) diffusion away from the gap.


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Basic Mechanisms of

Neuropharmacologic Drugs

Effects of drugs on the steps of synaptic

transmission:

1. Transmitter synthesis

a) Increase transmitter synthesisb) Decrease transmitter synthesis

c) Cause the synthesis of transmitter

molecules

2. Transmitter storage

a) Cause receptor activation to decrease

3. Transmitter release

a) Promote or inhibit release


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Basic Mechanisms of

Neuropharmacologic Drugs, Contd

4. Effects of drugs on the steps of synaptic

transmission:

5. Receptor bindinga) Cause activationb) Block activation

c) Enhance activation

6. Termination of transmissiona) Block transmitter reuptake

b) Inhibit transmitter degradation


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Multiple Receptor Types and

Selectivity of Drug Action

SelectivityMost desirable quality a drug can have

Able to alter a disease process while leaving

other physiologic processes largely unaffected


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Mort and Merv


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An Approach to Learning About

Peripheral Nervous System

Drugs Three types of information needed:

Type (or types) of receptor through which the

drug acts (alpha1

, alpha2

, beta1

, etc)

Normal response to activation of those receptors

(agonist versus antagonist)

What the drug in question does to receptor

function

Documents

2011 Pharm 3170 Accel Week 2 Part 1 BB With Sound