2020thth Century U.S./Asian Century U.S./Asian RelationsRelations

Toughest test of the year—Toughest test of the year—STUDY!!!STUDY!!!

1) What were the main reasons 1) What were the main reasons that Japan was occupied after that Japan was occupied after

World War II?World War II?

We wanted to de-militarize their We wanted to de-militarize their nation after the war; their nation was nation after the war; their nation was in shambles; we forced them to in shambles; we forced them to restructure their government and re-restructure their government and re-write their constitution (see more write their constitution (see more details in essay question) details in essay question)

2) What was Mao Zedong's 2) What was Mao Zedong's program to renew the spirit of program to renew the spirit of

the Chinesethe Chineserevolution called?revolution called?

The Cultural RevolutionThe Cultural Revolution

3) Why is there a North Korea 3) Why is there a North Korea and a South Korea?and a South Korea?

Korea was divided at the 38th Korea was divided at the 38th parallel at the end of the war & split parallel at the end of the war & split into 2 separate countriesinto 2 separate countries

4) How was Korea controlled 4) How was Korea controlled after World War II?after World War II?

North Korea became communist; North Korea became communist; South Korea became a democracy; a South Korea became a democracy; a 1 mile buffer zone (the DMZ—1 mile buffer zone (the DMZ—demilitarized zone) separates the demilitarized zone) separates the two countries stilltwo countries still

5) How was Japan like other 5) How was Japan like other imperialist nations?imperialist nations?

They wanted to colonize Asia and They wanted to colonize Asia and gain more land & resourcesgain more land & resources

6) What was a common force in 6) What was a common force in all of Indochina's independence all of Indochina's independence

movements?movements?

Communist party emerged Communist party emerged (usually due to Northern influence—(usually due to Northern influence—think about their neighbors); Forces think about their neighbors); Forces stepped in to defend the country & stepped in to defend the country & fight the spread of communismfight the spread of communism

7) In Japan, the least amount of 7) In Japan, the least amount of people work in which sector?people work in which sector?

AgricultureAgriculture

8) What were the main reasons 8) What were the main reasons that Japan went to war against that Japan went to war against

the U.S.?the U.S.? We placed an embargo on their We placed an embargo on their

trade (blocked the resources they trade (blocked the resources they were taking from China)were taking from China)

9) Why did the Japanese attack 9) Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?Pearl Harbor?

They hoped to take out our They hoped to take out our aircraft carriers and naval forcesaircraft carriers and naval forces

10) The Japanese often fought 10) The Japanese often fought to the last man in combat during to the last man in combat during

WWII. ThisWWII. Thisshows that they were following shows that they were following

what beliefs?what beliefs? Bushido; samurai code of ethics; Bushido; samurai code of ethics;

some elements of Confucianism—some elements of Confucianism—seeking HONORseeking HONOR

11) Who were the Kamikaze?11) Who were the Kamikaze?

Fighters who gave their lives for Fighters who gave their lives for their country—associated with Japan their country—associated with Japan (suicide pilots, bombers, etc.)(suicide pilots, bombers, etc.)

12) What were the reasons for 12) What were the reasons for dropping the atomic bombs on dropping the atomic bombs on

Hiroshima andHiroshima andNagasaki?Nagasaki?

They were production cities tat They were production cities tat provided war supplies; Truman provided war supplies; Truman wanted to end the war FAST; the wanted to end the war FAST; the Japanese would not surrenderJapanese would not surrender

13) Which political party won the 13) Which political party won the civil war in China and civil war in China and

established theestablished thePeople's Republic of China on People's Republic of China on

October 1, 1949?October 1, 1949?

The Chinese Communist PartyThe Chinese Communist Party

14) What country did China 14) What country did China model their economic programs model their economic programs

after?after?

USSRUSSR

15) What is the relationship 15) What is the relationship between Tibet and China, today?between Tibet and China, today? Tense, but China still controls Tense, but China still controls

Tibet although Tibet wants its Tibet although Tibet wants its freedomfreedom

16) 16) A unified China fought with the A unified China fought with the Allied Forces during WWII. In 1949,Allied Forces during WWII. In 1949,The People's Republic of China was The People's Republic of China was established as a communist country. established as a communist country.

What occurred as a result of this?What occurred as a result of this?

Domino Theory/Containment Domino Theory/Containment Policy; fear of the spread of Policy; fear of the spread of communismcommunism

17)17)During the Korean War, we During the Korean War, we were there on behalf of thewere there on behalf of the

___________. ___________.

United Nations (to help the South fightUnited Nations (to help the South fight the communists (mainly in the North)the communists (mainly in the North)

18) What was President 18) What was President Truman's MAIN reason for firing Truman's MAIN reason for firing

General MacArthur?General MacArthur?

He ignored orders & got too He ignored orders & got too close to China—Truman did NOT close to China—Truman did NOT want a war with Chinawant a war with China

19) During the Korean War, the 19) During the Korean War, the communists in thecommunists in the ________ ________

were tryingwere tryingto take over rule of the to take over rule of the

____________. ____________.

North, South

20) Korea was divided at the20) Korea was divided at the __________ __________ parallel.parallel.

38th38th

21) What countries supplied the 21) What countries supplied the Communist North Korea with Communist North Korea with

supplies and resources to fight supplies and resources to fight us?us?

China & the Soviet Union (USSR)China & the Soviet Union (USSR)

22) While we were fighting in 22) While we were fighting in Korea, aKorea, a _________ _________ with the with the

Soviet Union made Americans Soviet Union made Americans apprehensive at home.apprehensive at home.

Cold War

23) Which leader proclaimed the 23) Which leader proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Democratic Republic of

Vietnam?Vietnam?

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh

24) How did France try to 24) How did France try to maintain their influence in maintain their influence in

Indo‑China?Indo‑China?

They supported the anti-They supported the anti-Communist monarchy & tried to Communist monarchy & tried to regain powerregain power

25) How was Vietnam split after 25) How was Vietnam split after the Geneva Accords?the Geneva Accords?

At the 17th parallel; North & At the 17th parallel; North & South Vietnam separated South Vietnam separated (communist north)(communist north)

26) Which country finally 26) Which country finally defeated the French at the battle defeated the French at the battle

of Dien Bien Phu?of Dien Bien Phu?

North VietnamNorth Vietnam

27) Describe Diem's rule in 27) Describe Diem's rule in Vietnam?Vietnam?

Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Buddhists, no political freedomsBuddhists, no political freedoms

28) Which President increased 28) Which President increased the greatest number of combat the greatest number of combat

troops to Vietnam?troops to Vietnam? Lyndon B. JohnsonLyndon B. Johnson

29) __29) _________ _______ was an attack was an attack that instigated U.S. involvement that instigated U.S. involvement

in the Vietnam War?in the Vietnam War?

Gulf of TonkinGulf of Tonkin

30) Who were the Viet Cong?30) Who were the Viet Cong?

The Communist forces in the The Communist forces in the South (Guerilla fighters/rebels)South (Guerilla fighters/rebels)

31) What was the turning point of the 31) What was the turning point of the Vietnam War in which the AmericanVietnam War in which the American

forces/public began to question whether forces/public began to question whether or not they could win?or not they could win?

Tet OffensiveTet Offensive

32) How did Mohandas Gandhi 32) How did Mohandas Gandhi contribute to the independence contribute to the independence

movement of India?movement of India? He led a revolution of non-He led a revolution of non-

violent non-cooperation to defy the violent non-cooperation to defy the BritishBritish

33) The separation of India and 33) The separation of India and Pakistan in 1947 was calledPakistan in 1947 was called

__________.__________.

partitionpartition

34) Gandhi used34) Gandhi used ________ ________ methods to gain freedom for methods to gain freedom for

India.India.

non-violentnon-violent

35) What was the Indian National 35) What was the Indian National Congress?Congress?

The group that fought for equal The group that fought for equal rights & eventually home rule for rights & eventually home rule for India (led by Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru, India (led by Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru, etc.)etc.)

36) Why were India and Pakistan 36) Why were India and Pakistan separated?separated?

The Muslims in the North wanted The Muslims in the North wanted their own nation; they split over their own nation; they split over religious differencesreligious differences

37) Why did East Pakistan 37) Why did East Pakistan become the country of become the country of

Bangladesh?Bangladesh?

It was too difficult to maintain It was too difficult to maintain rule from 2 different areas rule from 2 different areas (geography!)(geography!)

Short Answer: Short Answer: 38. Why was Communism so 38. Why was Communism so

appealing to the people of Asia appealing to the people of Asia after WWII?after WWII?

Many countries were poor and Many countries were poor and war-torn following WWII and wanted war-torn following WWII and wanted change; many of their leaders had change; many of their leaders had proved themselves weak during the proved themselves weak during the warwar

39. Did the containment policy 39. Did the containment policy work? Why or why not (explain work? Why or why not (explain

using specific examples)?using specific examples)? Support your opinion with Support your opinion with

specific examples!specific examples!

40. What factors led to the rise of 40. What factors led to the rise of Communism in China after Communism in China after

WW2?WW2?

-weak Nationalist leadership during -weak Nationalist leadership during the warthe war

-government corruption-government corruption -unhappy peasants-unhappy peasants -Mao and other communist -Mao and other communist

revolutionaries emerged as war heroes revolutionaries emerged as war heroes after fighting the Japanese in WWII & after fighting the Japanese in WWII & people were more willing to listen to their people were more willing to listen to their political ideaspolitical ideas

-The Long March had already helped -The Long March had already helped the communists gain supportthe communists gain support

41. Compare and contrast the 41. Compare and contrast the Vietnam and Korean WarsVietnam and Korean Wars

Similarities:Similarities: We were there fighting communismWe were there fighting communism Part of Cold WarPart of Cold War Communist North trying to take whole country under communist Communist North trying to take whole country under communist

rulerule

Vietnam:Vietnam: We never invaded the North—we never crossed the 17th parallelWe never invaded the North—we never crossed the 17th parallel Changed culture and politics of US foreverChanged culture and politics of US forever We were not successful in stopping the communist takeoverWe were not successful in stopping the communist takeover First televised warFirst televised war Lack of public supportLack of public support Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point between the Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point between the

North & North & SouthSouth Korea:Korea: There for the United NationsThere for the United Nations More public supportMore public support Stopped South Korea from being taken overStopped South Korea from being taken over

42. How did the United States rebuild 42. How did the United States rebuild Japan after WWII? Why did they Japan after WWII? Why did they

want to rebuild the nation?want to rebuild the nation?

HOW:HOW: We wrote their constitutionWe wrote their constitution We demilitarized them following the warWe demilitarized them following the war We turned them into a parliamentary We turned them into a parliamentary

democracy/constitutional monarchydemocracy/constitutional monarchy We changed the way that their military could We changed the way that their military could

function function in the future (defense instead of offense)in the future (defense instead of offense) WHY:WHY: To make them our allyTo make them our ally So that we would never have to fight them again So that we would never have to fight them again

(remove threat)(remove threat) Create trade partnerCreate trade partner