2nd ESO - TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

WE USE CIRCUITS…

At HomeAt Home In CitiesIn Cities In IndustryIn Industry

TYPES OF CIRCUITS

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

Elements move using electricity as energy power.

PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

Elements move using compressed air stored in a deposit.

HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS

Elements use oil under pressure from a pump.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Electricity travels around a path. This path is an electrical circuit. There is a source of electricity, and a continuous path from one side of the

source to the other side. In the image below, the source is a battery.

An electrical circuit is a set of connected elements that allow the circulation of an electrical current.

Electricity travels from one battery point, through the light and the switch (which

is “connected”, or “closed”), and returns to the other battery point.

This path forms a complete circuit.

Electricity travels from one battery point, through the light and the switch (which

is “connected”, or “closed”), and returns to the other battery point.

This path forms a complete circuit.

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

There are five types of basic elements:

GENERATORGENERATOR

RECEIVERRECEIVER

CONDUCTORSCONDUCTORS

CONTROL ELEMENTCONTROL ELEMENT

PROTECTIONPROTECTION ELEMENTELEMENT

THE GENERATOR: Produces and moves electrical energy through the circuit. Eg. batteries, alternators, dynamos, etc.

RECEIVERS: Receive electrical energy and transform it into other types of energy; light, sound, heat… Eg. bulbs, motors, speakers, etc.

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

CONDUCTORS: connect the generator with the recievers. Eg. cable or wire

CONTROL ELEMENTS: connect and disconnect different elements of the circuit. Eg. switches & push switches, etc.

PROTECTION ELEMENTS: protect and prevent damage to the circuit elements.Eg. fuse, protection switches, etc.

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS PHOTO SYMBOLFUNCTION

GENERATORSGENERATORSGENERATORSGENERATORS

Battery

It generates electrical current

PROTECTION ELEMENTSPROTECTION ELEMENTSPROTECTION ELEMENTSPROTECTION ELEMENTS

Fuse

Protects

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS PHOTO SYMBOL FUNCTION

Lamp

Converts electrical energy into light

Buzzer

Converts electrical energy intosound

Motor

Converts electrical energy into rotary motion

Resistor

It opposes the flow of anelectric current

Variable Resistors

They change the strength of the resistance

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS PHOTO SYMBOLFUNCTION

Switch

Opens or closes the circuit

Push Switch

Opens or closes the circuit

Single Pole Double Throw

Switches

Changes from one part of a circuit to

another

CONTROL ELEMENTSCONTROL ELEMENTSCONTROL ELEMENTSCONTROL ELEMENTS

EFFECTS OF THE ELECTRICITY

LIGHTLIGHT

Electricity makes the inside of a bulb shine brightly.

Electricity helps people by making heat.

Electricity makes movements by making objects vibrate and vice versa.

HEATHEAT

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

TYPES OF CIRCUITS A series circuit

It is a path which forms one continuous loop; there can be one or more devices in the path.

If a wire breaks, the entire circuit stops working.

A parallel circuit It is a path that branches; the electricity can

follow more than one branch, just like a river that splits into several paths. Each path can have its own switch.

If one of the paths breaks, the others will still work.

Here is a circuit with two bulbs. Notice how the bulbs lie along the path of the electricity. The electric current flows through one light bulb, and then the other. This kind of path is called a series circuit. The bulbs are said to be in a series. When you open the switch, both bulbs turn off.

SERIES CIRCUIT

SERIES CIRCUIT

Here is a series circuit with a broken wire. The switch is closed, but neither of the bulbs are lit up. This is because the circuit has been broken. No electricity can flow at all, because there is no complete path from one pole of the battery to the other A series circuit will

stop if its broken anywhere. But there is another type of circuit

that can allow electricity to flow, even

if a wire is broken…

A series circuit will stop if its broken

anywhere. But there is another type of circuit

that can allow electricity to flow, even

if a wire is broken…

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Here is a parallel circuit. Notice how the path that the electricity can follow branches into three parts. The electricity can choose any of the three paths. It will flow through all three of them, just like a river will branch into three streams.

In this example, the switch controls all three

lights at once. If you open the switch, all the lights will turn off at once. But

what if you wanted to turn off just one light ... how

would you do it?

In this example, the switch controls all three

lights at once. If you open the switch, all the lights will turn off at once. But

what if you wanted to turn off just one light ... how

would you do it?

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Put switches on each of the branches in the parallel circuit. In our example here, the electricity can flow to both of the light bulbs. But one of the switches has been opened, so that light is off. Even though that path is broken the electricity can still follow the other path, so the other bulb remains lit.This means that a

parallel circuit with a break in it could still work…

This means that a parallel circuit with a break in it could still work…

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Here's a parallel circuit with a break. Notice that one of the paths is broken. But there are still two paths that the electricity can follow, so two of the bulbs remain lit up.

Have a nice day !