HYPOTHESIS

At the end of this session, students will be able to

-Define hypothesis correctly-Develop hypothesis according to problem case

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Research is a process of solving problem and a trial of finding a solution to a problem

Therefore, before doing a research. A researcher will guess the result, which is known as ‘educated guess’ or hyphotesis.

HYPOTHESIS

If your car could not be started in the morning, you might guess that: The battery is out (weak) ‘Starter’ problem No fuel gas Etc…

EXAMPLE

Then, a proses to test the hypothesis begin by troubleshooting your car. Finally you will find out the problem.

However, research needs more rigorous process to find the answer of your hypothesis.

Research needs a scientific process as follows: Define problem Generate hypothesis Collect data Analyze date Make conclusion.

TESTING A HYPOTHESIS

State the hypothesis; Make decision; Probability level; Condition.

GENERATING HYPHOTESIS

Hipotesis null (Ho) Is a hypothesis that will be rejected Eg. There is no significant difference…..

Hipotesis alternatif (Ha) Is a hypothesis that will be accepted There is a significant difference…..

STATE HYPOTHESIS

Alpha level (related to confidence level/interval) a researcher should determine the significant level.

= 0.01 (99% CL) or = 0.05 (95% CL)

If 99% correct therefore, error will be 1%

MAKE DECISION

Statement of hypothesis should be: Hypothesis is accepted Hypothesis is rejected Hypothesis is failed to be rejected.

If the calculate value > = table value : H0 is rejected

If the calculate value < table value: H0 is accepted

REPORTING THE RESULT

Summary of result

Condition 1 Condition 2Ho acceptedHa rejected

Ho rejectedHa accepted

Calculate value < table value Calculate value >= table value

tkiraan < tsifir

Fkiraan < Fsifir

2kiraan < 2

sifir

Hkiraan < Hsifir

tkiraan > tsifir

Fkiraan > Fsifir

2kiraan > 2

sifir

Hkiraan > Hsifir

One tailed Two-tailed

TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS

Ho : U1 = U2 (mean forsampel 1 is equal tomean sampel 2)

Ha : U1 > U2 (mean forsampel 1 is more than mean sampel 2)

ONE TAILED

Ho : U1 = U2 (mean for 2 groups are different)

Ha1: U1 > U2 (mean sample 1 is more than mean sample 2)

Ha2: U1 < U2 (mean sample 2 is more than mean sample 1)

TWO-TAILED

A research is conducted to compare science students using traditional method and Laboratory method. The Hypothesis are as follows:

Ho : U1 = U2Ha1 : U1 > U2Ha2 : U1 < U2

EXAMPLE

FORM 4 small GROUPS Group 1 : Statistic test score & study time Group 2: IQ level & math score Group 3: Maggie Mee & gender Group 4: Eating frequency & obesity Your task: generate H0 and Ha, determine the

direction.

SCL

Two types of Error Type 1 error; Type 2 error.

ERROR

Is known as alpha error which can occurs when we rejected Ho although it is true and should not be rejected. It can be written as:

P[Type I] =

TYPE I

Is known as Beta () error which can occurs when we not reject Ho although it should be rejected. The probability is written as :

P[Type II] =

TYPE II

Several ways to deal with error, For example we can choose small value of . From = 0.05 to = 0.01.

DEALING WITH ERROR