2. Introduction For progress of society and prosperity of all
industrilisation has to take place and thus lot of construction
activities are reqd There is some degree of hazard in all
works.Exposure to haz. over long period of time will result in ill
lhealth and accidents.Preventive measures have to be adopted in
controling the hazards,in order to prevent accidents. Accidents are
caused,they donot just happen If they are not corrected they recur
All accidents are preventable,because due to human failures
reflected in unsafe conditions/acts
3. CAUSES ACCIDENTS CONTRIBUTING CAUSES IMMEDIATE CAUSES MENTAL
CONDITION Attitude,awareness emotion,coordination PHYSICAL
CONDITION Fatigue,hadicapped ,not qualifid SUP.SAF.PERFORMANC E o
HAZ NOT CORECTED SAFETY NOT PLANED AS PART OF JOB SAFETY RULE NOT
ENFORCED Unsafe Acts improper tools,ppe not used,horseplay Unsafe
Condition Poor HK Safety device defective,not provided,eqp
defective
4. motivators for improved safety performance In any business
or construction project, principal among them are: Humanitarian
concerns; Economic costs and benefits; Legal and regulatory issues;
Liability consequences; and Organizational image.
5. ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROGRAMME Because Accidents are caused
they are preventable ENG-EDUCATION-ENFORCEMENT CONTROL MEASURES
SITES SAFETY INSPECTIONS JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
6. Introduction Occupationalhealth and safety encompasses the
social, mental and physical well-being of workers,that is the whole
person It should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers
in all occupations; the prevention among workers of adverse effects
on health caused by their working conditions; the protection of
workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of workers in an
occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs; the
adaptation of work to humans.
7. occupational safety importance Work-related accidents or
diseases are very costly and can have many serious direct and
indirect effects on the lives of workers and their families. For
workers some of the direct costs of an injury or illness are: the
pain and suffering of the injury or illness; the loss of income;
the possible loss of a job; health-care costs.
8. Indirect costs It has been estimated that the indirect costs
of an accident or illness can be four to ten times greater than the
direct costs, or even more. An occupational illness or accident can
have so many indirect costs to workers that it is often difficult
to measure them. One of the most obvious indirect costs is the
human suffering caused to workers'families, which cannot be
compensated with money.
9. Employer direct costs payment for work not performed;
medical and compensation payments; repair or replacement of damaged
machinery and equipment; reduction or a temporary halt in
production; increased training expenses and administration costs;
possible reduction in the quality of work; negative effect on
morale in other workers.
10. Employer indirect costs the injured/ill worker has to be
replaced; a new worker has to be trained and given time to adjust;
it takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the
original worker; time must be devoted to obligatory investigations,
to the writing of reports and filling out of forms; accidents often
arouse the concern of fellow workers and influence labour relations
in a negative way; poor health and safety conditions in the
workplace can also result in poor public
11. SAFETY TERMINOLOGY Accident Any event which results in
injury, and / or damage, and / or loss Competence Ability to
perform particular job in compliance with performance standards.
Danger Risk of injury Dangerous occurrence Readily identifiable
event with potential to cause an accident or disease to persons at
work and public or of significant actual of potential mater
Fatality Death due to work related injury / illness.
12. Injury Physical harm or damage to a person resulting from
traumatic contact between body of person and an outside a.
Permit-to-Work (PTW) Formal written system used to control certain
types of work which are identified as (potentially) hazardous.
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) Equipment / clothing which
offers protection against risks to health and safety.
13. Safety Guide A document containing detailed guidelines and
various procedures/ methodologies to implement the specific parts
of a safety code, that are acceptable to the regulatory body, for
regulatory review. This is issued under the authority of regulatory
body and is of non mandatory nature. Safety Limits Limits upon
process variables within which the operation of the facility has
been shown to be safe. Safety Manual A document detailing the
various safety aspects/instructions and requirements relating to a
particular practice or application, that are to be followed by a
utility. [ Safety Report A document provided by the applicant or
licensee to the regulatory body, containing information concerning
the facility, its design, accident analysis and provisions to
minimize the risk to the public and to the site personnel. Safety
Related Systems Systems important to safety which are not included
in safety systems, and which are required for the normal
functioning of the safety systems (e.g. power supplies, stored
energy systems, etc.). Safety Standard A document similar to a
safety code, elaborating upon the various technical requirements
that must be met for a particular practice or application, so as to
meet the requirements of thesingle outpute reasons for the
failure.
14. Risk assessment? A risk assessment is simply a careful
examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so
that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or
should do more to prevent harm. Workers and others have a right to
be protected from harm caused by a failure to take reasonable
control measures. a hazard is anything that may cause harm, such as
chemicals, electricity, working from ladders, an open drawer, etc;
and the risk is the chance, high or low, that somebody could be
harmed by these and other hazards, together with an indication of
how serious the harm could
15. Safety Culture The assembly of characteristics and
attitudes in organisations and individuals which establishes that
as an overriding priority, the protection and safety issues receive
the attention warranted by their significance Waste Management
16. Natural hazards include anything that is caused by a
natural process, and can include obvious hazards such as volcanoes
to smaller scale hazards such as loose rocks on a hillside.
Man-made hazards are created by humans, whether long-term (such as
global warming) or immediate (like the hazards present at a
construction site). These include activity related hazards (such as
flying) where cessation of the activity will negate the risk.
17. A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to
life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards are dormant or
potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however, once a
hazard becomes "active", it can create an emergency situation. A
hazard does not exist when it is not happening. A hazardous
situation that has come to pass is called an incident. Hazard and
vulnerability interact together to create risk
18. Frequency rate The accident frequency rate is expressed in
terms of the number of deaths and injuries in occupational
accidents per 1 million work-hours in the aggregate. The rate is
gained by dividing the number of deaths and injuries (multiplied by
1 million) in occupational accidents that occurred during the
survey period by the aggregate number of work-hours for all workers
who were exposed to risks in the same period. Accident frequency
rate = Number of deaths and injuries in occupational accidents
X1,000,000 /aggregate number of work-hours
19. Severity Rate The accident severity rate is expressed in
terms of the number of workdays lost per 1,000 work- hours in the
aggregate. The rate is gained by dividing the number of workdays
lost (multiplied by 1,000) in occupational accidents that occurred
during the survey period by the aggregate number of work-hours for
all workers who were exposed to risks in the same period. Accident
severity rate = Number of workdays lost X1,000000/Aggregate number
of work-hours
20. ACCIDENT TRAINGLE 6000 MINOR INJ 1 10 300 NEAR MISSES FAT
SER INJ
21. Construction work a) Means any work in connection with the
alteration, cleaning, construction, demolition, dismantling,
erection, installation, maintenance, painting, removal, renewal, or
repair, of: (i) Any building, chimney, edifice, erection, fence,
structure, or wall, whether constructed wholly above or below or
partly above and partly below, ground level; (ii) Any aerodrome,
cableway, canal, harbour works, motorway, railway, road, or
tramway; (iii) Anything having the purpose of drainage, flood
control, irrigation, or river control; (iv) Any distribution system
or network having the purpose of carrying electricity, gas,
telecommunications or water; (v) Any aqueduct, bridge, culvert,
cam, earthwork, pipeline, reclamation,
22. CONSTRUCTION WORKER Construction laborers can be found on
almost all construction sites, performing a wide range of tasks
from the very easy to the hazardous. They can be found at building,
highway, and heavy construction sites; residential and commercial
sites; tunnel and shaft excavations; and demolition sites. Many of
the jobs they perform require physical strength, training, and
experience. Other jobs require little skill and can be learned
quickly. Although most construction laborers specialize in a type
of construction, such as highway or tunnel construction, some are
generalists who perform many different tasks during all stages of
construction. Construction laborers who work in underground
construction, such as in tunnels, or in demolition are more likely
to specialize in only those areas
23. Construction laborers clean and prepare construction sites.
They remove trees and debris; tend pumps, compressors, and
generators; and erect and disassemble scaffolding and other
temporary structures. They load, unload, identify, and distribute
building materials to the appropriate location according to project
plans and specifications. Laborers also tend machines; for example,
they may use a portable mixer to mix concrete or tend a machine
that pumps concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco
through a spray gun for application to ceilings and walls. They
often help other craftworkers, including carpenters, plasterers,
operating engineers, and masons
24. At highway construction sites, this work may include
clearing and preparing highway work zones and rights-of-way;
installing traffic barricades, cones, and markers; and controlling
traffic passing near, in, and around work zones. Construction
laborers also dig trenches; install sewer, water, and storm
drainpipes; and place concrete and asphalt on roads. Other highly
specialized tasks include operating laser guidance equipment to
place pipes; operating air, electric, and pneumatic drills; and
transporting and setting explosives for the construction of
tunnels, shafts, and roads. Some construction laborers help with
the removal of hazardous materials, such as asbestos, lead, or
chemicals. (Workers who specialize in, and are certified for, the
removal of hazardous materials are
25. Construction laborers operate a variety of equipment,
including pavement breakers; jackhammers; earth tampers; concrete,
mortar, and plaster mixers; electric and hydraulic boring machines;
torches; small mechanical hoists; laser beam equipment; and
surveying and measuring equipment. To perform their jobs
effectively, construction laborers must be familiar with the duties
of other craftworkers and with the materials, tools, and machinery
they use, as all of these workers work as part of a team, jointly
carrying out assigned construction tasks mobile tower scaffolds,
podium steps or mobile elevating work platforms
26. LEGISLATION Factories Act, 1948 Model Rules framed under
Factories Act The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 The Dock
Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act, 1948 Dock Workers Safety,
Health & Welfare Act 1986 The Building & Other Construction
Workers (Regulation of Employment & Conditions of Service) Act,
1996 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended 1991 and Rules
Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment)
Rules, 2000 Motor Vehicles Act 1988 & Central Motor Vehicles
Rules Indian Boilers Act 1923 Indian Boilers Regulations
Electricity Act Explosives Act & Rules Gas Cylinders Rules,
2004 The Petroleum Act & Rules Static & Mobile Pressure
Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981
27. Other Acts Mines Safety Act 1952 Atomic Energy Act,
Dangerous Machines (Regulations) Act Child Labour (Prohibition and
Regulations) Act Public liability
28. Th e co n s t i t u t i o n of In d i a co n t a i n s sp e
c i f i c pr o v i s i o n s o n o c c u p a t i o n a l s af e t y
a n d h e a l t h of wo r k e r s . Th e Di r e c t o r a t e Ge n
e r a l of Mi n e s Sa f e t y (DGM S) a n d th e Di r e c t o r a
t e Ge n e r a l of Fa c t o r y Ad v i c e Se r v i c e a n d L a
b o u r In s t i t u t e s (DGF A S L I), th e two fiel d or g a n
i s a t i o n s of Mi n i s t r y of L a b o u r a n d Em p l o y m
e n t stri v e to a c h i e v e th e pri n c i p l e s e n s h r i
n e d in th e Co n s t i t u t i o n of In d i a in th e ar e aof
oc c u p a t i o n a l s af e t y a n d h e a l t h in mi n e s ,
fa c t o r i e s a n d p o r t s .
29. ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD STATE FACTORIES INSPECTOR
STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS CHIEF CONTROLER OF EXPLOSIVES MOEF
CENRATL POLUTION CONTROL BOARD
30. National Safety Council Activities organising and
conducting specialised training courses, conferences, seminars
& workshops; conducting consultancy studies such as safety
audits, hazard evaluation & risk assessment; designing and
developing HSE promotional materials & publications;
facilitating organisations in celebrating various campaigns e.g.
Safety Day, Fire Service Week, World Environment Day. A
computerised Management Information Service has been setup for
collection, retrieval and dissemination of information on HSE
aspects
31. RELATED EDUCATION IITS NITIE CLI,RLI NIT, TRICHY
