1MDB00007-En en R the Open Platform

8/6/2019 1MDB00007-En en R the Open Platform

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~ I I~ c,if,:, ~ \1'..Ic.~":'!!::',.,. .'c' S.P.I.D.E.R.The open platform for horizontaland vertical integration of powercontroi centres 1 MDBOOOO7-':ENPage 1March 1992Data subject lo change without nolice.NewASB Network Controi& Protection

(SE9022B8)Features -Extensive SCADA functionatity-Comptete EMS functionality-Comptete DMS functionalityePlatform for integrated tT-systems-Versatile MMt- adapted to operators

.Open system architecture.Adherence to international standards.Modularized distributed processing.Coordinated data engineering

.Incremental system upgradingApplication its kernel for building advanced non-electricalnetwork controi systems.

The S.P.I.D.E.R. system is based on an openarchitecture. The modularized design makes itpossible to tailor each system exactly to theneeds of the power company, no more and noless. The range of functions and system capa-cities is vast. This means that each installedsystem can enter the S.P.I.D.E.R. concept atany level. As the requirements change theinstalled system can easily change with them,step by step in an incremental sequence.The concept of open systems architectureinherentlyoffers an increased controi systemavailability and improved upgradeability. Thedistributed architecture, of hardware as weil asof software, makes it justifiable to meetdemanding functional availability requirements.The design allows for matching the controi sys-tem to utility expansion needs in power systemsize as weil as in performance. New advancesin computer technology may be incorporated,when needed. The functionality of the controisystem can continually become upgraded andtuned to a dynamic organization for its demandfor efficient toois.

The S.P.I.D.E.R. concept establishes a frame-work for total information management in apower company. The advanced Energy Man-agement System (EMS), Distribution Manage-ment System (DMS) or Supervisory ControiAnd Data Acquisition System (SCADA) of todayhas become the foundation for the integratedand distributed computing environment of thepower company.The international standardization and the rapiddevelopment in the field of open systems anddistributed architectures make it possible todesign controi systems with more attractive fea-tures than ever before.The master station controi system does notonly constitute the kernel for horizontal integra-tion, when connecting centralized computingresources. It also facilitates the vertical integra-tion, by connecting plant computing resourcesin power stations and substations to a centralposition for monitoring and controi.The modern distributed design allows for a full,and integrated, spectrum of functionality forpower generation, transmission and distributionapplications. Due to the standardized hardwareand software platforms and interfaces, it alsoallows other applications to use the design as


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ABe Network Contra!& Protection S.P.I.D.E.R.The open platform for horizontaland vertical integration of powercontroI centresIA3VOEJHWOAS A38A

Application (confd)EMS DTS OMS

.Power System Controi

.Network Monitoring.Security Assessrnent.Operation Enhancement.Energy Planning

.Distributions Operation Management.Distribution Outage Management andRestoration.Load Management.Remote Metering

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SCADA.Data Acquisilion.Man Machine Interface.Monitoring and Event Processing.Repan Generation and Calculalions.Database Management -

Real-time and Statistical Archiving

.Supervisory Control.Inter-Center Communication.Office Connection.Disturbance Data Collection.Data Engineering

(00007-1)Fig. 1 A functional framework for S.P.I.D.E.R.

A full set offunctions S.P.I.D.E.R. OMS offers an integrated systemwith functions enhancing the operation ofmedium and low voltage power distribution net-works. These functions permit fast access toactual network status and provide the means toachieve improved operation. The operator getsa full graphics image of the distribution network.Geographical mapping systems can sisa beintegrated.The distribution operations management sup-ports the modelling and analysis of the distribu-tion network. It models the load profile to facili-tate presentation of the state of the distributionnetwork. Energized and deenergized parts ofthe network can be viewed by means ofdynamic network colouring.Load flow calculations estimate the voltage lev-els and power flows at esch feeder based onthe totalload and statisticalload factors.Handling of switching orders is made easierand more secure by switch tagging and orderform production on the operator's CRT. Workprotection tagging ensures the safety of therepair crew on duty. Software tools are used totag groundings and repair sites to enter theseon the CRT screen and to issue repair autho-rization.Outage management and service restorationdetects, adminlstrates and reports whether out-ages and restorations have occurred.Load management facilitates the smoothing ofload patlerns by centralized controi schemesand controi units located at end-user sites.Remote metering improves the energy meter-ing services to be more accurate and more fre-quent.Statistics management outputs several types ofstatistics to provide for monitoring of maximumloads and minimum voltages, outage times, etc.S.P.I.D.E.R. DTS provides the operator withtraining facilities. The dispatcher training simu-lator is offered at severallevels of ambition upto full-fledged simulation, including machinedynamics and protection equipment.

The strength of ABB Network Controi andProtection is based on its combined expertiseof real-time data processing and controitechnology as weil as from a widespread anddetailed knowledge of power systems and theiroperation.Consequently, the S.P.I.D.E.R. concept offersthe most comprehensive functionality to helpoperators controi and monitor all aspects ofelectrical networks. From a strategic vantagepoint, S.P.I.D.E.R. spans the entire network. Itscontroi stretches from power generationthrough interconnected transmission grids todistribution networks.S.P.I.D.E.R. EMS offers a full Energy Manage-ment System capability. Functions foroptimiz-ing energy transmission and operating costs,while maintaining security leveis, are offered.The versatile power application packages arecombined with a comprehensive SCA DA func-tionality for supervisory controi.In this environment power applications can beused for real-time controi or for study-modeplanning using a multiple database concept.Power system controi functions keep systemfrequency and tie-line interchanges constant,irrespective of the actualloading conditions.They controi production units according toschedules and operational constraints.Network monitoring functions provide the oper-ator with the best possible picture of the sys-tem. The security level of the actual power sys-tem, or a plan ned configuration, is analyzed bythe security assessment functions.Operation enhancement provides the operatorwith recommendations on how to improve reli-ability and economy of power system operationby means of the most advanced optimal powerflow schemes.Energy planning uses forecasts for schedulinghydra and thermal power plant operation in anoptimal way. These modules allow the operatorto use available generating resources in themost economical way.


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S.P.I.D.E.R. SCADA offers the most versatileset of SCADA functions. A subset of these canbe easily tailored to suit each installation.The data acquisition functions establish the ver-tical integration with power system controiequipment, a complete family of RTUs andsubstation controi systems. International stan-dard communication protocols as weil as thirdparty RTU interfaces are supported.The inter-centre communication package usesthe ELCOM international standard to build con-traj centre hierarchies. Function controi andsystem responsibility may be allocated amongseveral centres. They can exchange and sub-scribe operational as weil as planning data.Security monitoring and event processingdetermines and classifies the operational state.The operator can instantly get an overview inorder to extract important information. Expertsystem technology is used for advanced andrapid fault diagnosis.Event and alarm processing is designed forhigh capacity which allows process distur-bances to be handled with the least possibleeffect on controi system performance.The controi functions include on-off com-mands, regulation and setpoints with provensecurity. The operator can interactively defineswitching sequences that can be activated inseveral ways -manuallyor automatically, atthe plant controi systems or at the master sta-tion.

Disturbance data collection coordinates thedata collection with local plant equipment,stores it in the master station and presents dis-turbance sequences in order to improveandspeed up fault analysis.The full graphics man-machine interface offershigh resolution display presentation, combinedwith straight forward dialogues. The operatorinteracts with the system through well-struc-tured pull-down menues, a mouse and a key-board. It combines high performance,advanced technology and user friedliness. Theresult is improved operator interaction givingenhanced power network controi.The authority function enables the power utilityto assign operational responsibility amongoperators for defined geographical areas orsubsystems, such as transmission and genera-tion. This is done irrespective of the physicallocation of the operator workstation, i.e. in thecontroi center or in a remote location.The Avanti database management systemmanages the distributed S.P.I.D.E.R. database.This contains an image of static and dynamicproperties of the supervised power system.Avanti also hand les time-tagged data, statisticsof the past and schedules for the future.The archivingfunctions, together with th,e timetagged database, give the user extraordlnarypossibilities to store statistical data.By using the report g,enerator, the o~erato~ caninteractivelycreate his own reports, Includlngtheir calculation schemes


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ABB Network Controi& Protection 1MDBOOOO7-ENPage 4S.P.I.D.E.R.The open platform for horizontaland vertical integration of powercontroi centresBuilding of aniritegrated system(confd)

tion to power distribution and load manage-ment.The open systems architecture provides anintegration of separate and decoupled hard-ware and software modules. Each module canthus operate in a distributed fashion, be main-tained and further developed with minimalimpact on other modules.The data engineering services constitute a con-tradiction to this decoupling. To minimize datainput for the total amount of data, a certaindegree of coordination between functional mod-ules has to be built in to the data engineeringenvironment. In addition, the use of commonstyle guides for an MMI-interface, makes iteasier for users to be familiar with alllevels ofthe integrated controi system.

The vertical integration implies the coordinatedmonitoring and controi between a controi centreand the local plant controi equipment. Itinvolves local plant controllers, protectiondevices etc. as weil as centralized softwarefunctions for optimization and enhanced moni-toring. The vertical integration also involves theinterconnection features of controi centres inhierarchies. The horizontal integration impliesthe establishment of an integrated utility-widedistributed computing environment. This inter-connects all computer applications of a utility,with its master station controi system as thefoundation.The horizontal integration facilitates optimalsolutions for the coordinated monitoring andcontroi of the whole chain from power genera-

Distributed computingenvironment ier for different applications to exchange dataon a higher level, but the levels provided todayare sufficient for a distributed software platformFor a system designed for centralizeq powernetwork controi, a global, but not centralized,real-time database is essentiai in order to per-form power system supeNision and optimiza-tian. It must be possible to distribute this data-base over the computer network, yet not deny-ing any user access to the data.Inter-process communication must be trans-parent, either the user program executes in alocal seNer or remote in the communicationnetwork.The S.P.I.D.E.R. concept fulfils these criteria,providing a truly distributed computing environ-ment. Applications can be added or movedbetween seNers under controi of the systemmanager.

To provide a distributed environment for soft-ware applications, it must be supported by botha flexible hardware configuration and by a soft-ware platform.This can be seen from the effort thai Open Sys-tem Foundation (OSF) has put to this topic,where the Distributed Computing Environment(OSF/DCE) is one of the most important ones.On the hardware side, the evolution towardsmore powerful computers with lower price hasmade it easy to install more computerresources. By the development of standardizedand fast inter-


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S.P.I.D.E.R. bases the implementation onOSF/Motif. Motif specifies the developmentof a graphical user interface built on top ofthe X-Window system.-The design of database management is thecrucial and determining factor for functionalperformance and flexibility of upgrading.ABB has designed S.P.I.D.E.R. so that theAvanti DBMS is used for the real-time envi-ronment while the Oracle DBMS is used fordata engineering. Both database systemsoffer an SQL-interface (Structured QueryLanguage) which is the means for internaiand external database communication.

The ISO/OSI reference model specifies alayer structure where each layer has ils stan-dard specification. Lower levels naturallyconform to various CCITT recommendationsand the communication concepts allow theuse of both private or public, loGar or widearea networks. The S.P.I.D.E.R. conceptfavours the protocols thai are recommendedas a standard or being a de facto industrystandard.The OSF efforts comprise operating systems(OSF/1), a distributed computing environ-ment (OSF/DCE) as weil as the man-ma-chine interface (OSF/Motif). The environ-ment for man-machine-communication in

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(00007-5)Data AcqulsllionRTUs

Fig. 5 Master station architectureHardware architecture total functionality, performance and availabil-

ity requirements imposed with this.Process WAN andCommunicatlon ServersThe RTUs are distributed over large geographi-cal areas and placed in power stations andtransformer substations. In modern substations,on high voltage as weil as on medium voltage,computer systems for substation controi areinstalled. Substation Controi Systems (SCS) asweil as Hydro Power Controi Systems (HPC)are integrated in the S.P.I.D.E.R. concept asparts of the standard solution.The communication network is configured withpoint-to-point links, multi-drop (party-line) orseries/stars structures. Also common, is theloop configuration which offers an iocreasedavailability of communication. The communica-tion between the master station and the RTUs/SCSs is performed over many types of media,like power line carrie r, radio link, microwave linketc.In S.P.I.D.E.R. the communication protocolbetween the master station and the RTUs is RP570. This protocol is based on the internationalstandard interface specification lEG TC 57,which specifies data exchange over mediumspeed communication channels with referenceto the ISO/OSI model. In the near future higherspeed communication lines come into use. TheS.P.I.D..E.R. concept is prepared also for thisdevelopment..

Real-time LAN and ServersThe hardware architecture of a S.P.I.D.E.R.master station is built around a local area net-work, LAN, according to the IEEE 802.3 specifi-cation. The LAN is called the real-time LAN.This LAN can be either single or redundant.The computing environment consists of a num-ber of servers. These are operated indepen-dent of each other, connected by means ofopen system communication facilities. The con-cept of independent servers gives the possibil-ity to allocate one or more software applicationsto the servers and to increase the flexibility ofthe configuration. Various servers are con-nected to the LAN:-The number of workstations in each installa-tion is determined by the operational orga-nization as weil as by the system develop-ment strategy of the power company. Eachworkstation is connected to the real-timeLAN.-The communication servers provide theinterface to data acquisition. The number ofcommunication servers is determined by theneeds for data acquisition. A communicationserver can be implemented by single orredundant processor configurations.-Application servers perform functions with outdirect communication except via the LAN.

Each application server can be built up bysingle or redundant computers. The numberof servers that are needed depends on the

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ABB Network Controi& Protection 1 MDBOOOO7-ENPage 6S.P.I.D.E.R.The open platform for horizontaland vertical integration of powercontroi centres

Hardware architecture(cont'd) Other types of RTUs or already installed dataacquisition terminals which do not implementthe RP 570 protocol are easily integrated in aS.P.I.D.E.R. environment.Office LAN and PC-connectionsThe interfacing of an Office LAN with intercon-nected PC-computers (or another externaloffice computer) is most efficiently done byincluding bridges between the Real-time LANand the Office LAN.This solution gives goodintegrated designwhile isolating the LANs from each other withregard to "Iocal" traffic. The bridge ope:rates asan address filter in both LAN-directions, whichgives a minimum impact on system perfor-mance from one computer to the other, andvice versa.

The S.P.I.D.E.R. system offers services forapplications in the P~omputers to retreiveand store information from the real time as weilas the time tagged database. In this way a con-nection between real-time applications and off-line applications is easily established.External WAN and Controi CentresThe interconnection to external computers orother controi centres is done by means of serv-ers and an appropriate communication proto-col. The protocol design is based on the ISO/OSI-layer structure which eases the imple-mentation of various protocols.Whenever two ore more S.P.I.D.E.R. systembased controi centres are interconnected. theELCOM protocol is recommended. It is basedon the OSI model and utilizes standard ISOprotocols for reliable communication over localand wide area networks.

Fig. 6 Software structure (00007-6)

Software architecture tern Gast, increasing system performance andreliability as weil as maintaining software qual-ity through a well-proven design and finallymaking system development and implementa-tian more secure.There are two design objectives involved toachieve this:-Modular structure. The whole software con-cept is subdivided inta function modules(packages). Same of the modules areobvious, e.g. load forecasting, knowledge-based alarm processing, contingency analy-sis. Same modules might be more intimatelyrelated to other modules. Therefore a carefulsystem design is needed in order not tojeopardize system performance.-Parameter controi. Each individual functionmodule is designed to offer a specified flexi-bil ty. This flexibility is controlled by parame-ters stored in the database. The parametersare easily changed as a part of the dataengineering procedures or on-line in thereal-time operational system. In this way thefunctionality of the standard packages ischanged and adapted to special needs, with-out reprogramming.

Common EnvironmentThe S.P.I.D.E.R. software comprises a set ofmodular and decoupled packages. Combinedtogether these packages are tailored to suiteach specific application. By using the layeredsoftware structure and internai interface specifi-cations a great variety of applications can beimplemented on top of the basic system. Themajority of the software packages use thesame database management system, the sameinterface to the alarm handling system, a com-mon man-machine interface etc.With its capabilities of functional distribution ina distributed environment, the S.P.I.D.E.R. soft-ware offers the advantages of an integratednetwork controi system. The common softwareenvironment enables a concentration or dis-tribution of the total software into the availableservers, depending on system size and perfor-mance and availability needs.Modularity and flexibilityAll of the software packages of S.P.I.D.E.R.offer a comprehensive set of functionality,although in many installations only a limited setis needed. The approach of "tailored standard-ization" is the principle for bringing down sys-


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ABB Network Controi& Protection 1MDBOOOO7-ENPage 7S.P.I.D.E.R.The open platform for horizontaland vertical integration of powercontroi centres

functions among the servers on the LAN basedon the following:-Standardized Operating System Interface-Distributed Database Management-Network Transparent Inter-processcommunication-Use of the Local Area Networkcommunication-Use of standard High Level LanguagesSince all these design factors are met, func-lions can be distributed on a process by pro-cess level. However, som e functions are moresuitable for distribution than others. It is a mat-ter of tuning the overall system performanceand observing the resulting need for data com-munication over the LAN.The characteristics of S.P.I.D.E.R. make i t pos-sible to allocate functions to servers dependingon user requirements. In this distribution, onlythe interdependence between modules limit thepossibilities, in terms of common parts of theoverall data structures and their needed accessfrequencies. Basically, the system performancerequirements are the ones bringing constraintsto the functional distribution.

Portable DesignAll S.P.I.D.E.R. packages use standardizedinterfaces to the fundamental system services.These interfaces are provided by the Avantidatabase system, the S.P.I.D.E.R. MessagePassing System and the S.P.I.D.E.R. Real-timeEnvironment.This means, that the software packages areindependent of the underlying operating sys-tem. The services are using the IEEE/Posix1003 interface specification. This interface issupported byoperating systems from manyvendors. This means that S.P.I.D.E.R. softwarecan be executed on many operating systemsand hardware platforms making it a truly porta-ble software system.The choice can be made for an actual imple-mentation depending on power utility prefer-ences and the best price-performance for theparticular installation. Today the most favorableplatform of computer technology is the RISCarchitecture.Software Integration and DistributionS.P.I.D.E.R. provides the design for distributing

Database management Data storage and data communication are twokey factors when designing a distributed net-work controi system. The database representsnot only the model of the monitored network butalso comprises a vast amount of information forthe variety of application programs imple-mented in each controi system.The features of database management there-fore determine on one side the overall func-tional performance and on the other hand theflexibility for functional development and controisystem expansion.Real-time operation requires fast data access.On the other hand advanced application pro-grams need advanced search paths throughthe process model. Data Engineering needsinteractive and easy-to-use window and formhandling interfaces related to the structure ofthe process. Simulation programs need slicesof the real-time situation for further analysisand optimization. Therefore paralIei databasesmust also exist concurrently.The need for exchangingitransfering databetween databases has increased. This can ofcourse be done by means of regular data com-munication procedures. However, the Sal,Structured Query language, has evolved as

the general and de facto standard means fordatabase communication. It exists in both inter-active and embedded versions.S.P.I.D.E.R. takes advantage of a set of data-hages, to meet these, in away, contradictoryrequirements:-The Avanti DBMS is a distributed, real-timedatabase, specially designed for real-timeapplications. It is used in many installations

all over the world and combines fast toplevel access of hierarchical data structureswith general purpose search calls.Avanti als o providesa standardized way toaccess data byottering an SQL-interface. Ithides the physical storage structures com-pletely from the user who only sees a logicalview of the database.

-The Oracle DBMS is areiationai database,especially desi(;lned for general purposeapplications. It IS used all over the world andhas become a de facto standard in its areaof application. Oracle combines a flexibledata structuring and data storing with aninterface to a form handling system.Oracle also provides an SOL-interface fordatabase communication.

Message passing S.P.I.D.E.R. incorporates a Message PassingSystem that is the used method of communica-tion between S.P.I.D.E.R. programs: The Mes-sage Passing System utilizes asender -receiver concept (client -server}.The sender process sends a message contain-ing a data butter to a specific receiver process.If the receiver is active, the message will be putin the queue and fetched by the receiver in theright order. If the receiver is not active, it will beawakened or created by the message system,transparent to the sender. A message can ofcourse be empty, which is the easiest way ofon y starting a process, without parameters.The message system can handle both asynch-

ronous and synchronous messages. Asynchro-nous mode means that the sender will continueits execution directly after sending the messagewhile synchronous mode means that thesender will hold its execution until the receiverhas executed and acknowledged the message.A return buffer can be used together with theacknowledge.All message passing is transparent over thecomputer network. This means that the senderand receiver can be located in different servers.The locations are transparent to the sender andreceiver.A redundancy and security system is built intathe message passing system.


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1MDBOOOO7-ENPage 8

ABB Network Controi& Protection S.P.I.D.E.R.The open platform for horizontaland vertical integration of powercontroi centres

Application services means to connect a variety of applications tothe S.P.I.D.E.R. system.Typically, the application will use the processinterface service for retrieving and updatingprocess data, the event processing service foralerting the operator about special applicationevents and the man-machine interface servicefor interacting with the operators.The man-machine interaction mayalternativelybe implemented through a dedicated window,using the X-Window services, or by means ofstandard~zed dialogues and presentatioI") win-dows, uslng the S.P.I.D.E.R. man-mach meinterface service.

In addition to the fundamental distributed ser-vices, S.P.I.D.E.R. provides a set of applicationservices. They constitute software resourcesavailable for any application program on ahigher functional and integration level than thebasic resources.Each application service has a specification ofils own interface towards ils users/clients (i.e.the application programs). This interface is anentry through the message passing system. Italso implies that the application services areavailable throughout the distributed networkand ils servers.The application service interfaces provide theBy implementing the concept of opensystemsinto S.P.I.D.E.R., ABB offers its customers notonly an excellent state-of-the-art network con-tro! system but also a framework and founda-tion on which an integrated company informa-tion management system can be built.This is true for communicating with othercentralized computer systems as weil asintegration of computers for local controi inpower substations and transformer substations.The integration gives rapid access to all theinformation stored in various computers so thatmonitoring may be enhanced, and operationand its planning may be optimized.

Additionally, the S.P.I.D.E.R. concept offersextensive and state-of-the-art functionality tohelp operators controi and monitor all aspectsof electrical networks. This spans the entirenetwork, streching from power generationthrough interconnected transmission grids todistribution networks.The use of international standards and prin-ciples for a portable software implementation ofS.P.I.D.E.R. assure an extended controi systemlife time, increase system reliability and finallyoffer flexibility for functional development andpower system expansion in that technologicaladvances may be incorporated, when needed.

References1KC 11E

1KC 13E1 KG 14E

1KC 16E1 KSE 30000o-SZ

S.P.I.D.E.R. EMSEnergy management systems forenhanced power system controiS.P.I.D.E.R. SCADAOpen-ended systems for advancednetwork controiS.P.I.D.E.R. MicroSCADAControi systems for distributionnetworksS.P.I.D.E.R. LMSLoad management systems forflexible load controiS.P.I.D.E.R. EMS/SCADAOpen system architectureS.P.I.D.E.R.In perfect controi worldwide,reference list 1KC 18E

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1MDB00007-En en R the Open Platform