1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 1 White Group The involvement of the Military is good for

1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 1

White Group

The involvement of the Military is good for computing

We are for the argument

Metrics Faster Lighter Robust Statistically more accurate Improvements to

communications


The White Team

Leader - Jonathan

Speaker 1 - Joe Ian Wayne

Speaker 2 - Eoghan Robert Eleanor

Speaker 3 - Conor Ross Anthony Jade

Rebuttal - Ross Jonathan

Other Tasks PowerPoint

Jonathan and Ross


Our Argument

What does the motion mean? Definition of keywords. Speaker 1 : Joe World War 2 Enigma ArpaNET Speaker 2 : Eoghan DARPA GPS Servers n’ Chips Speaker 3 : Conor Cold War/Space Race Apollo Guidance System US & Russian Space Shuttles Summary of Group’s Argument


Definitions

What does the motion mean? That the military has created and enhanced computing

through its funding. That because the military has a no risk assessed profit

agenda, high risk technologies can be developed.

Definition of keywords.

‘Good’ – not Bad

‘Military’ – Government Defense Department

‘Computer’ – A high-speed mathematical or logical operations device

‘Involvement’ – For use by or created/researched by


Speaker 2 - Joe

The technology used back from WW2 up to the 1960’s has been a foundation to modern day computing


World War 2

German Military developed Enigma in 1929

Code breaking needed to decipher German Messages

Alan Turing develops Colossus in 1943

Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park

Enigma


ENIAC & EDVAC ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer) “The world's first electronic digital computer was developed by

Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firing tables.” - http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html

Start of project: 1943 Completed: 1946 First fully electronic decimal computer Leaded to EDVAC

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) Start of project: 1946 Completed: 1952 Unlike ENIAC, it was the first with stored program space.

First fully electronic binary computer

which is now standard to modern computing First internally stored program computer which is now

standard to modern computingENIAC Computer 1946

EDVAC computer 1952


ARPANET

Advanced Research Projects Agency Feb 7th 1958 (ARPAnet 1969)

Needed for decentralised command centres A benefit of ARPANet's design was that,

because messages could be routed or reroutedin more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.

Critical to foundations of the internet US Military First Packet Switching Network

“A networking technology that breaks up a message into smaller packets for transmission and switches them to their required destination.”

According to Brendan T, he was one of the first persons to send data over a local area network

Brendan T.


The Motion

These points have shown the motion to be TRUE in that …..

Fundamental technology First of it’s kind Where was the likes of IBM? Paradigm Shift


Speaker 2 - Eoghan

Improvement to communications Advancement in progression in processing

power DARPA

neXt Generation (XG) ProgramGPS

Servers n’ Chips

Robust Computing


“The DARPA mission is to develop imaginative, innovative and often high-risk research ideas offering a significant technological impact

that will go well beyond the normal evolutionary developmental approaches; and, to pursue these ideas from the demonstration of

technical feasibility through the development of prototype systems.”

DARPA funded development of RISC

Budget – 2003- €2.14bn, 2005 - €2.4bn

neXt Generation (XG) Communication – Allows multiple users use of wider spectrum

Web Ontology Language (OWL) – new web standard. OWL provides a clear, machine-readablestructure for the data in pages already published on the web


GPS Satellite

The first GPS Satellite was launched in 1978US Navy and Air Force created system of navigation, the result of which was GPS. Fully developed in 1994, GPS quickly became a commercial product.


Global Positioning System (GPS)

•€3.7 billion sales (civilian) last yearUSES:•In car navigation•Emergency response•Weather forecasting•Commercial fishing•Farming2000 – Bill Clinton removedselective availability

– JETS – Journey Estimation Time System Keywords: GPS, GIS, Map Matching

Vinny Cahill

GPS Device


Servers n’ Chips ASCI WHITE IBM Nuclear Funding

Fastest at the time 1999 Military put funds into computers

instead of nuclear development

IBM, Cray & Sun funded by DARPA($146m) to produce new breed of supercomputer in 2002

DARPA's latest idea is to nurture a new generation of supercomputers for national security and industrial uses

Colorado State University – funded by DARPA in last 4 years to produce a chip 600 times faster than the quickest Pentium.

ASCI White Computer


The Motion

These points have shown the motion to be TRUE in that …..

Improvements to Communications

The military, in particular DARPA has taken the computer industry into areas the commercial sector is too reluctant to consider.

Military is not motivated by profit, but development and innovation to improve technology.


Conor – Space Race

Pre-Space Race "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."

- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 "Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons."

- Popular Mechanics, 1949This view was held right up to the time of the space race

Post-Space Race Miniaturisation Robust Faster Lighter Transportable


Cold War/Space Race

Cold War Propaganda Apollo Guidance Systems

"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal,

before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him

safely to the Earth."

— Pres. Kennedy, May 25, 1961

Apollo Guidance System


Apollo Guidance System 1964 Oct 14 First Apollo guidance system shipped

In a letter to NASA Administrator James E. Webb,

reported that the first Apollo guidance system

completed acceptance testing and was shipped at

11:30p.m. and arrived at Downey, California, early

the following day. AC reported that in more than

2,000 hours of operation they had found the system

to be "remarkably reliable, accurate and simple to

operate.

This shows that computers were now becoming more reliable, smaller and easy to use

Apollo Guidance System


US & Russian Space Shuttles

Cold War Propaganda Space craft need advanced

computing solutions to deal with the challenges of space

The (Russian) Buran 1 (launched in 1988 ) mission was limited to 2 orbits due to computer memory limitations.

– NASA Mir Space Station, its first

part launched in 1986 (last part launched in 1996) had been orbiting around the Earth right up to 2001(15 years)

MIR Space Station

Columbia Space Craft


Bibliography

www.bletchleypark.net/ www.computerhistory.org/exhibits/ internet_history/index.page ibasics-qna.netfirms.com/internet.html www.darpa.mil/ http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR614/MR614.appb.pdf http://abcnews.go.com/sections/business/SciTech/forbes_gps_030403.html www.news.com www.IBM.com www.cs.tcd.ie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer http://www.popular-science.net/history/buran.html http://www.ddj.com/documents/s=1494/ddj0006hc/0101hc001.htm www.nasa.gov http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/spacecraft/s-mir.htm http://www.russianspaceweb.com/chronology.html


Summary

That the military has created and enhanced computing through its funding. This has been shown from the computers used for

code breaking in WWII, right through to DARPA. That because the military has a no risk assessed profit

agenda, high risk technologies can be developed. The Cold War/Space program has resulted in high

risk technologies developed for space (smaller, faster, robust) being now used daily in modern computing we now have computers.

Documents

1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 1 White Group The involvement of the Military is good for