Identify the areas of Identify the areas of the United States the United States military, economic, and military, economic, and political involvement political involvement and influence and influence

NCSCOS 6.02NCSCOS 6.02

Macro ConceptsMacro Concepts

ConflictConflict-problem or issue -problem or issue that is controversial and that is controversial and can cause problems can cause problems without compromise.without compromise.

LeadershipLeadership- method of - method of setting examples for setting examples for others to follow.others to follow.

PowerPower-authority of a -authority of a government to carry out government to carry out the law.the law.

ResourcesResources-items such as -items such as wood, metal and oil that wood, metal and oil that can be used to make can be used to make finished products.finished products.

Micro ConceptsMicro Concepts

ImperialismImperialism-system of -system of government that has a larger government that has a larger more powerful country taking more powerful country taking over weaker smaller over weaker smaller countries.countries.

NationalismNationalism-extreme pride -extreme pride and feeling of patriotism for and feeling of patriotism for one’s country.one’s country.

Economic MarketsEconomic Markets-places -places where goods such as natural where goods such as natural resources and finished resources and finished products are bought and sold.products are bought and sold.

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism-belief that -belief that wealthy people have their wealthy people have their status because of their hard status because of their hard work, intelligence, education. work, intelligence, education. Poor are that way because of Poor are that way because of poor work ethic and laziness.poor work ethic and laziness.

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism-type of -type of newspaper reporting that newspaper reporting that exaggerates and exaggerates and sensationalizes world events. sensationalizes world events.

Seward’s Folly

• In 1867 [2 years after the end of the U.S. Civil War] Secretary of State William Seward was able to get the U.S. Senate to agree to a treaty with Russia to buy Alaska for $.02 per acre [totaling $7.2 million].

• The U.S. increased its size by about 20%. Eventually massive oil deposits were discovered which the U.S. still uses today.

• A major result of this acquisition was that it wetted the appetite [influenced] of the United States to become imperialist.

Annexation of HawaiiAnnexation of Hawaii Americans such as Sanford Dole Americans such as Sanford Dole

whose families had moved to whose families had moved to Hawaii in the 1830s and 1840s Hawaii in the 1830s and 1840s were initially welcomed warmly by were initially welcomed warmly by Hawaii’s monarchy.Hawaii’s monarchy.

After newer larger plantation After newer larger plantation owners came to Hawaii in the owners came to Hawaii in the 1870s and 1880s they pushed to 1870s and 1880s they pushed to remove the Queen.remove the Queen.

Rich fruit company owners led by Rich fruit company owners led by Dole’s descendants convinced the Dole’s descendants convinced the U.S. military to dethrone and U.S. military to dethrone and remove Queen Liliokalani.remove Queen Liliokalani.

Hawaii was officially annexed Hawaii was officially annexed [taken over] by the U.S. in 1898. It [taken over] by the U.S. in 1898. It later became the 50later became the 50thth state in 1959. state in 1959.

Fruit Planter Sanford Dole

Hawaii’s Queen Liliokalani

USS MaineUSS Maine A U.S. warship was sent to Havana Harbor in Cuba to protect U.S. interests in A U.S. warship was sent to Havana Harbor in Cuba to protect U.S. interests in

1898.1898. Cuba at the time was still a Spanish possession.Cuba at the time was still a Spanish possession. There was tension between the U.S. and Spain because Spain held territories There was tension between the U.S. and Spain because Spain held territories

within the United States’ sphere of influence.within the United States’ sphere of influence. Aboard the USS Maine were tons of explosives that were not tightly guarded or Aboard the USS Maine were tons of explosives that were not tightly guarded or

secured.secured. A huge explosion occurred killing at least 266 U.S. personnel.A huge explosion occurred killing at least 266 U.S. personnel. U.S. U.S. newspaper articles speculated that Spain had sunk the ship. The U.S. that Spain had sunk the ship. The U.S.

declared war on Spain and defeated her within 113 days.declared war on Spain and defeated her within 113 days.

Splendid Little WarSplendid Little War Due to the aggression and strong Due to the aggression and strong

naval power of the United States it naval power of the United States it was able to defeat Spain with 113 was able to defeat Spain with 113 days.days.

Secretary of War Secretary of War John HayJohn Hay wrote a wrote a short letter to President Teddy short letter to President Teddy Roosevelt from London stating that Roosevelt from London stating that he thought the Spanish-American he thought the Spanish-American War had been a “War had been a “Splendid Little Splendid Little WarWar.”.”

He most likely believed this He most likely believed this because: because:

[a] it was short and the United States [a] it was short and the United States did not suffer large numbers of did not suffer large numbers of casualtiescasualties

[b] the U.S. acquired several [b] the U.S. acquired several territories. territories.

TheThe PhilippinesPhilippines The spirit of The spirit of JingoismJingoism throughout the United States had spread as the war throughout the United States had spread as the war

with Spain spread to Asia.with Spain spread to Asia.

CommodoreCommodore [High ranking U.S. Navy officer] [High ranking U.S. Navy officer] George DeweyGeorge Dewey was in charge was in charge of the invasion of the Philippines which was also a Spanish colony. of the invasion of the Philippines which was also a Spanish colony.

To make the invasion easier and more successful Dewey reached out to a To make the invasion easier and more successful Dewey reached out to a Filipino rebelFilipino rebel named named Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo to help fight the Spanish. to help fight the Spanish.

Within weeks of the invasion the Philippines was captured by the U.S.Within weeks of the invasion the Philippines was captured by the U.S.

The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders Due to the destruction and low morale created by the U.S. Civil War the U.S. Due to the destruction and low morale created by the U.S. Civil War the U.S.

Military [especially the army] had very low numbers.Military [especially the army] had very low numbers. In order to field a force able to battle Spain in the so-called In order to field a force able to battle Spain in the so-called Spanish-American Spanish-American

WarWar more than 1,000 volunteers were called to serve by President McKinley. more than 1,000 volunteers were called to serve by President McKinley. Former NYC police commissioner and state legislator Theodore Roosevelt was Former NYC police commissioner and state legislator Theodore Roosevelt was

selected as second in command of the 1selected as second in command of the 1stst Cavalry Brigade. Cavalry Brigade.

Teddy Roosevelt

The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders Many of the soldiers were very Many of the soldiers were very

experienced.experienced.

Veterans of the U.S. Civil War and Veterans of the U.S. Civil War and Western Indian Wars were eager Western Indian Wars were eager to see action in Cuba.to see action in Cuba.

The group included gamblers, The group included gamblers, army veterans, hunters, army veterans, hunters, Buffalo Buffalo soldierssoldiers, Native-Americans and , Native-Americans and college students.college students.

Within weeks of their arrival in Within weeks of their arrival in Cuba the Rough Riders were Cuba the Rough Riders were triumphant in key battles triumphant in key battles including the famous and including the famous and decisive decisive Battle of San Juan HillBattle of San Juan Hill..

Their exploits enabled the U.S. to Their exploits enabled the U.S. to defeat Spain and liberate Cuba. defeat Spain and liberate Cuba.

Lt. Colonel Roosevelt

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal The Panama Canal was completed by The Panama Canal was completed by

the U.S. after a long and dangerous the U.S. after a long and dangerous 10 year construction.10 year construction.

France had earlier failed miserably in France had earlier failed miserably in its attempt to build the Canal.its attempt to build the Canal.

Many people died during the long, Many people died during the long, tedious and dangerous construction.tedious and dangerous construction.

THE PURPOSE OF THE CANAL WAS TO THE PURPOSE OF THE CANAL WAS TO ENSURE THAT ENSURE THAT MARKETSMARKETS IN SOUTH IN SOUTH AMERICA AND ASIA WOULD BE AMERICA AND ASIA WOULD BE OPENED TO THE UNITED STATES.OPENED TO THE UNITED STATES.

The Panama Canal shortened The Panama Canal shortened shipping time and distance between shipping time and distance between the U.S. and Latin America as well as the U.S. and Latin America as well as Asia.Asia.

The The Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment and Cuba and Cuba

President McKinley sought authority [War Message] from President McKinley sought authority [War Message] from Congress to attack Spain as revenge for the USS Maine.Congress to attack Spain as revenge for the USS Maine.

Senator Senator TellerTeller of Colorado added an amendment to the war of Colorado added an amendment to the war declaration that would forbid the U.S. from establishing a declaration that would forbid the U.S. from establishing a permanent colony in Cuba.permanent colony in Cuba.

Cuba would be liberated and allowed to be an independent Cuba would be liberated and allowed to be an independent nation.nation.

AssignmentAssignment: Response to the USS Maine : Response to the USS Maine ExplosionExplosion

You just read a newspaper article written by yellow You just read a newspaper article written by yellow journalists about the explosion of the USS Maine.journalists about the explosion of the USS Maine.

What should we do about it?What should we do about it?

Did we get attacked by Spain or was the explosion just Did we get attacked by Spain or was the explosion just a mistake? Could American sailors have made a a mistake? Could American sailors have made a mistake causing 266 Americans to die?mistake causing 266 Americans to die?

Give some advice to the President of the United States Give some advice to the President of the United States [William McKinley]. How should the United States [William McKinley]. How should the United States respond? Think about all the possibilities, respond? Think about all the possibilities, consequences and benefits if we attack.consequences and benefits if we attack.

Write a one page letter [to anyone of your choice] Write a one page letter [to anyone of your choice] oror 6 6 panel cartoon strip describing or explaining what the panel cartoon strip describing or explaining what the president should do in reaction to the explosion of the president should do in reaction to the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine.U.S.S. Maine.

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism Both new immigrants and long standing Americans had a “hunger for words.”Both new immigrants and long standing Americans had a “hunger for words.” Inexpensive newspapers were common in every major city and most people at Inexpensive newspapers were common in every major city and most people at

least read the least read the Front Page HeadlinesFront Page Headlines. Most people believed anything that was . Most people believed anything that was written in the newspaperswritten in the newspapers

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer and and William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst competed for readers and competed for readers and lucrative advertising dollars by publishing sensational and scandalous stories.lucrative advertising dollars by publishing sensational and scandalous stories.

Crime, corruption, sex and scandal attracted readers to the daily newspapers.Crime, corruption, sex and scandal attracted readers to the daily newspapers. The money and influence gained by these newspapermen struck fear in the The money and influence gained by these newspapermen struck fear in the

hearts of their enemies and the government.hearts of their enemies and the government.

Pulitzer Hearst

Treaty of Paris in 1898Treaty of Paris in 1898

In order to end the Spanish-American War Spain and the U.S. met In order to end the Spanish-American War Spain and the U.S. met in Paris to sign a peace agreement called the Treaty of Paris in Paris to sign a peace agreement called the Treaty of Paris [several earlier treaties were also called that].[several earlier treaties were also called that].

The The most importantmost important part of the agreement was the transfer of part of the agreement was the transfer of Puerto Rico, Guam and Cuba to the U.S. [Cuba was later given its Puerto Rico, Guam and Cuba to the U.S. [Cuba was later given its independence]. The Philippines was later purchased for $20 million independence]. The Philippines was later purchased for $20 million by the U.S. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty 2 months later.by the U.S. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty 2 months later.

President McKinley

U.S. Secretary of State John HaySpain’s foreign

minister

The Platt AmendmentThe Platt Amendment

The The Platt Amendment Platt Amendment was added to a federal law in 1901.was added to a federal law in 1901. The purpose of The purpose of the Platt Amendment the Platt Amendment was to ensure that was to ensure that Cuba Cuba

would remain tied to the United Stateswould remain tied to the United States [even after [even after independence].independence].

The following conditions were placed on Cuba:The following conditions were placed on Cuba:[a] Cuba must not make treaties that would weaken its independence.[a] Cuba must not make treaties that would weaken its independence.[b] Cuba must allow the U.S. to buy or lease the [b] Cuba must allow the U.S. to buy or lease the Guantanamo Bay Guantanamo Bay

naval basenaval base..[c] Cuba must keep debts low to avoid foreign conflicts and wars.[c] Cuba must keep debts low to avoid foreign conflicts and wars.[d] The U.S. reserved the right to involve itself to maintain order and [d] The U.S. reserved the right to involve itself to maintain order and

independence .independence .

President Wilson’s Mexican problemPresident Wilson’s Mexican problem

After territorial acquisitions in Latin America and Asia the United States After territorial acquisitions in Latin America and Asia the United States had a “reputation” to maintain.had a “reputation” to maintain.

The Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary set precedents for the U.S. The Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary set precedents for the U.S. to show force in its sphere of influence.to show force in its sphere of influence.

In the 1910s corruption and political unrest led to a revolution in Mexico.In the 1910s corruption and political unrest led to a revolution in Mexico. The Mexican Army overthrew its corrupt dictator Porfirio Diaz and The Mexican Army overthrew its corrupt dictator Porfirio Diaz and

replaced him with General Victoriano Huerta.replaced him with General Victoriano Huerta. The U.S. was not pleased with the situation and with military force The U.S. was not pleased with the situation and with military force

[naval bombardment] installed a new president that Mexican rebels [naval bombardment] installed a new president that Mexican rebels hated Venustiano Carranza.hated Venustiano Carranza.

Mexican rebel leader Pancho Villa

The Elusive Pancho Villa and General Black Jack The Elusive Pancho Villa and General Black Jack PershingPershing

Mexican forces led by rebel Pancho Villa would not accept President Mexican forces led by rebel Pancho Villa would not accept President Carranza and as a result conducted Carranza and as a result conducted raidsraids [swift, violent military invasions] [swift, violent military invasions] into U.S. areas such as New Mexico and Arizona.into U.S. areas such as New Mexico and Arizona.

U.S. President Wilson sent General Pershing into Mexico to capture Villa to U.S. President Wilson sent General Pershing into Mexico to capture Villa to end the raids.end the raids.

Pershing was never able to find and capture Villa who to many Mexicans Pershing was never able to find and capture Villa who to many Mexicans became a symbol of independence and defiance of the United States.became a symbol of independence and defiance of the United States.

Other people simply called Villa a lawless bandit.Other people simply called Villa a lawless bandit.

U.S. Army General Jack Pershing

Mexican rebel leader Pancho Villa

AssignmentAssignment: Front Page Newspaper editorial : Front Page Newspaper editorial Create a front page for a newspaper in the sensationalist Create a front page for a newspaper in the sensationalist yellow journalistyellow journalist

style.style. You must have the following:You must have the following:

[a] “catchy” and “sensationalist” headline across the top of the newspaper[a] “catchy” and “sensationalist” headline across the top of the newspaper

[b] newspaper name such as [b] newspaper name such as The Daily NewsThe Daily News

[c] a correct date[c] a correct date

[d] author’s name [yours or a “made up” name].[d] author’s name [yours or a “made up” name].

[e] have at least 5 of the terms we learned in Objective 6.02 for 5 separate [e] have at least 5 of the terms we learned in Objective 6.02 for 5 separate articles on your front pagearticles on your front page

[f] have at least 5 detailed and descriptive sentences for your articles[f] have at least 5 detailed and descriptive sentences for your articles

[g] have at least one matching image for each article[g] have at least one matching image for each article

[h] spelling and grammar count so use a dictionary and ask me for assistance [h] spelling and grammar count so use a dictionary and ask me for assistance if you need it.if you need it.

Image sourcesImage sources

http://www.sdpb.org/EducationalServicesGuide/etvprograms/pdf/19thMaps/Alaska-Sewards_Folly.jpg

http://www.freshplaza.com/2009/0611/dole.jpg http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/20/8320-004-580DECCC.jpg http://onlineartdirector.com/history_pages/spanish-american_war.jpg http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/4048/PreviewComp/SuperStock_4

048-1998.jpg http://travel-island.com/countrymaps/philippines.gifhttp://travel-island.com/countrymaps/philippines.gif http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/

John_Hay_signs_Treaty_of_Paris%2C_1899.JPG/250px-John_Hay_signs_Treaty_of_Paris%2C_1899.JPG/250px-John_Hay_signs_Treaty_of_Paris%2C_1899.JPGJohn_Hay_signs_Treaty_of_Paris%2C_1899.JPG

http://www.iancfriedman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/headline6.gifhttp://www.iancfriedman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/headline6.gif http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/pictures/Pancho-http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/pictures/Pancho-

Villa-002.jpgVilla-002.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_femhrxbNtS0/SyMWu9xoWbI/AAAAAAAACwg/http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_femhrxbNtS0/SyMWu9xoWbI/AAAAAAAACwg/

9PmkjKYoXw8/s400/PERSHING.jpg9PmkjKYoXw8/s400/PERSHING.jpg http://www.freedomarchives.org/La_Lucha_Continua/images/pancho_villa.jpghttp://www.freedomarchives.org/La_Lucha_Continua/images/pancho_villa.jpg http://www.telovation.com/photos/newspaper-headlines-hitler-dead.jpghttp://www.telovation.com/photos/newspaper-headlines-hitler-dead.jpg