1987 Proceedings of

Coastal & Port Engineering

in Developing Countries

Vol. I

Edited by

Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute

With 7 O 5 Figures

China Ocean Press

CONTENTS

Vol. I

Theme Speech

3 Coastal and port engineering in China Yen Kai

3 2 Appraisal and economie analysis of port projects in developing countries

Ismail H. Mobarek

46 Current trends in coastal engineering R. L. Wiegel

Group A: Coastal Stability/Beach Erosion and ControlflnJets

61 The coastal engineer as an initiator of coasial zone management programrnes: Sri Lanka case study

Amarasinghe, S .. R., Wickremeratne, H. J. M.

69 Damietta Port- Arab Republic of Egypt: sedimentation and erosion problems

A wad, M. H.. Barailler, L.

81 Protection of sandy coasts Bijker, E. W.

90 A programrne for beach erosion control in Barbados, W est Indies Cambers, G.

l 02 Beach behaviour between headland breakwaters Chew, S. Y .• Wei, .f., Chua, C. H.

117 Beach nourishment design elements and execution of the works D'Angremond, K.. De long, A . J., Van Oorschot, J. H.

132 A method for preliminary evaluation of equilibrium coastal pian shape adjacent to nearshore structures

Dayananda, H. V., Gerritsen, F.

143 The beach slope of sandy coast an d application of its similarity la w DongFengwu

viii

158 Providence beach nourishment against dune erosion Erchinger, H. F.

166 Use of sandfùled rubberised coir bags in coastal protection works Gadre, M. R., Somayaji, N., Poonawala, I. Z. , Kudale, M. D.

18 1 Design an d performance of large scale beach nourishments Gartner, J., Dette, H. H.

196 Master plan for coast erosion management Jacobsen. Per Roed, Perera, N., Jensen, K. B.

212 Recent seawall construction on coastal zone of Shanghai , China Li Yucheng, Zhong Qiquan, Zhang Shiming, Quan Xuyi, Zheng Jianwu

223 A coastal protection study based on physical and mathematical modelling

Madsen, P., Deigaard, R. , Hebsgaard, M.

240 Field and mode! investigations on sedimentation in Beruwala fishing harbour, Sri Lanka

Mangor, K., Chandrawansa, P. D.

255 Study methodology for the Malaysian national coastal erosion study Nathan, R. A ., Mcalister, I. J.

269 Wave energy flux computatioils for estimating longshor~: sand transport rate

Ozhan, E.

282 Dutch guidelines on dike protection Pilarczyk, K. W.

303 Direct labour sea defences in the West Indies Slater, D., Summers, L., Gamon, L. R.

318 Evaluation of perched beach concept for shore stabilization Sorensen, R. M.

327 Coastal erosion protective measures in Indonesia using low cost technology

Syamsudin

338 Frequency-direction spectral wave refraction - diffraction using a reverse ray technique

Treloar, P.D.

348 Analysis of Beach erosion along the Kashimanada coast Uda, T. , Sumiya, M

363 Characteristic of tidal inlets designated for deep water harbour development, Hainan Island

Wang }' ing, Schafer, C., Smith, J.!V.

370 A comparison of the performance of three types of Groins Weggel, J. R., F:scajadillo, J. C. and Tsun-You Ting

385 Reclamations in Hong Kong- design considerations Wong Kwok-Choy, Au, C. L. , Cheung, R . K H, Tam, W. K.

397 Deposition, erosion and contro! on the silt-muddy beach Yu Guohua, Bao Shudong, Li Zegang

404 Low cost shoreline stabilization Yu-Hwa Wang

412 Analyses of P-A correlationship of tidal inlets along the coasts of south China

Zhang Qiaomìn

423 A study of shallow beach protection and accretion measures along the coast of shanghai

Zhao Chengjian, Wang Zhenzhong, Yang Haobin

Group B: Ports in Developing Countries, Site-Selection, Lay-Out, Choice of Structures and Materials, Construction, Performance and Maintenance

439 Tripoli Harbour NW breakwater new design criteria and long term solution

Barony, S. Y., Mallick, D. V., Sehery, F.

451 A locational and economie analysis of existing and proposed ports: The case of Nigeria

Bell-Gam, W. l.

468 Investigations of the rehabilitation of a breakwater Ilha Do Fogo/Cape Verde Islands

Burkhardt, 0., Bruhl, H, Naschold, G.

480 The growth and development of Kwai Chung container port, Hong Kong

Chalmers, M. L. , Denton-Cox, R. A .

493 Case study: subsidence investigation, Mogadishu deepwater port, Somali Democratic Republic

Christoffersen, 0., Abdì, M. E., Jensen, O. J.

x

508 The development of an offshore container termina! at Tanjung Perak-Port of Surabaya, Indonesia

Coode, D.

523 Systematic development in the Port of Colombo to meet increasing demand for container operations

De Fonseka, K. S. C., Godage, D.

538 Cost-effective building of breakwaters using geotextiles Den Hoedt, G., Metz, H. E., Voskamp, W.

550 St. George Harbour: a berm breakwater solution in Alaska's Bering Sea Drage, B. T., Gilman, J.

557 Port of Algiers extension: optimum design lay-out El-Hafid Tabet·Aoul, Hocine Oumeraci

572 Kelantan minor port project, Malaysia integrai harbour design with emphasis on local scour and sedimentation

Eysink, W. D., Koh, F., 1Ylmans, W. M. K., Vis, F. C.

587 Natura! armoured rubble mound breakwaters Foster, D. N., Hall, K. R .

602 Reflection characteristics of a pier with an d without a m o ore d ship Gomez-Pina, G., Jimenez, A.

617 Bulk grain import system a t shallow wa ter quay in a Middle East port Hartelius, H.

632 lmprovements of 3 Port in Somalia: operations , equipment, maintenance facilities, training

Hartelius, H.

651 The Kaohsiung cross harbour tunnel and related works Henrichsen, J. P., Be/l, M. J.

662 Extension of the Port of Algiers, caisson V. S. rubble mound solution foi the main breakwater

Hocine Oumeraci, El-Hafid Tabet-Aoul

677 The effect of an arid climate on reinforced concrete in a marine environment

Holmes, C. W. , Brundle, S. G.

691 lmpressed current cathodic protection on Lianyungang seaport sheet steel piling

Hong Dinghai, Ge Rengan, Da Lijun, Xu Zhendong

701 Planning and design ofLae Portdevelopment Hooper, G. J., Bradshaw, D. G., Fountain, P. A.

7 16 W ave overtopping o n breakwa ters an d sea dikes Jensen, O. J., Juhl, J.

73 1 New oil berth , Visakhapatnam, India, for tankers of 150,000 dwt Kelm, J. H. , Divanji, A. H.

745 The theory on allotment of functions Kumashiro, M.

758 Choice of structuré and ma terials, construction, performance and maintenance of existing Pending Wharf, Kuching Port Authority, Sarawak, Malaysia

Ling Chiongming

7'67 The achievements in scientific research and the engineering practice of chiwan port development

Liu Deyu

779 Breakwaters on weak soils Lundgren, H., Jacobsen, H. C. L.

794 Recent advances of research work on port pier structures in China M. Gao

809 The application of coastal dynarnic geomorphology to harbour-site choosing-an example of Qinhuangdao oil dock

Ma Zhongquan, Ke Xiankun

819 Planning and design of coal import ports Macknight, A.

834 Effect ofvarying design pararneters for caisson floating breakwaters Mclaren, W. A., Chartrand, D. M.

849 Container terminai pavement management Meletiou, M.

864 Optimizing terminai facilities Memos, C.

879 Development of existing ports for container handling Mettam, J. D., Momement, P. C., Butcher, W R. V.

894 Jiuzhou Harbour, Zhuhai special economie zone, People's Republic of China

Mornement, P. C., Pearce, R. W

909 A simulator study on port design from a view point of ship maneuvering safety.

Okuyama, Y. , H iran o, M.

xii

922 Management of maintenance dredging for small-scaJe channels in developing countries

Otsuki, Y.

937 Real-time simulations of ship motions - a tool for the design of a new pacific port

Ottosson, P. , Apleberger, L.

955 lnfluence of ship motions on the optimum design of port layouts Oumeraci, H., Burkhardt, 0., Kohlhase, S.

970 Wave energy absorbing honeycomb structures Papadakis, C. N. , Wrigh t, S. J.

985 Port development for Saipt-Louis, SenegaJ Pedersen, A . E., Barthe/, V., Birt, C. S.

1000 Cost effective port and fairway design with manoeuvring simulators and man-ship models

Perdok, J.

l 015 Development of pile-supported wharf structure in Shanghai Port Pu Tingfen

1030 Reconstruction a t port of Singapore authority's Keppel Wharves Rajendra, A. S., Coomarasamy, N. A., Law, K. H., Yew, C. H.

1042 Construction, maintenance and repair as elements in rubble mound breakwater design

Rietveld, C. F. W. , Burcharth, H. F.

1054 lnvestigations into the merits of the Haro-breakwater armour unit Rouck , J. D., Wens, F., Damme, L. V., Lemmers, J.

1069 On the verticaJ moti an of ships a t berth Scheffer, H-J, Kohlhase, S.

1085 Storm surge forecasting facilities for an estuary ( Elbe Estuary in Germany)

Siefert., W., Kej, A ., Havn!f , K., Hansen, F.

l 093 The maintenance of harbour structures Simmons, H. P.

1100 The application of a computationaJ mode! for the optimisation of harbour layout

Smallman, J. V

1112 Designing ports to allow vessels to operate with minimum local assistance Tersl!fv, 0., Roll, E., Rodenhuis, G. S.

.x ili

1127 Estimation of port operation rate by use of numerical simulatìon method of moored ship motions

Ueda, S., Shiraishi, S., Yoshimi, M.

1141 Design and construction of the ore transshipment terminal at Beilun Harbour in Zhejiang Province

Wang Minghua

1156 Economie optimization of the wet infrastructure of ports in developing countries with capacity simulation models

Winkelmans, W., Groenveld, R.

1170 Design of Breakwaters in China Xie Shileng

1181 A study of the behaviour and be~ring capacity of piles with the spot footing

Yang Keji,Li Qixin, Wang Fuyuan

1193 Hydraulic performance of a Chinese type of seawall Yu Kuangming, Juhl, J., Jensen, , O. J.

1206 Numerica! modelling of harbor wave disturbance in comparison with physical modelling and field measurements

· Yu Kuangming, Rugbjerg, M., Kej, A.

1218 The finite element spatial static analysis of caisson lifting Zhi Baoqiang, Tang Jing, Gai Limin, Yuan Mingwu, Xiong Shanji, ZhengDong

Vol. II

Group C: Sniall Craft Harbours/Anchorages and Landingplaces/ Low cost harbour facilities

1235 Fish landing facilities Sultanate of Oman De Ridder, H. A. J., Stive, R. J. H.

1250 Structures for fishing ports in developing countries Mazurkiewicz, B. K.

1263 High tensile geotextiles for low cost harbour facilities Po"az, Mauricio

1272 A kko-development of a 4000 years old harbour city to a modern marina

Raviv, R.

1280 Low cost coast protection: the UK experience Welsby, l., Motyka, J. M., Brampton, A. H.

Group D: Sedimentation and Dredging Problems

1297 A model for inshore-offshore total sediment transport Abou-Seida, M.M.

1309 Sedimentation at Auckland in the Hugli Estuary Biswas, A. N., Chatterjee, A. K.

1321 Physical scale models and siltation in estuaries Caillat, l. M.

1332 New insights on mud formation and sedimentation processes in tidal harbours

Christiansen, H.

1341 Cost-effective reduction of sedimentation and maintenance dredging, . using geotextile flow diversion screens

Den Hoedt, G., Metz, H. E., Veltman, M., Voskamp, W.

1351 The tlireshQld movement of cohesive fine sediment (mud) due to wave action

Gu Jìalong, Lu Xianglìn

1362 Regulation of the estuary of the Yongjiang River Jiang [uyao, Cao Zude

1371 Behaviour of sand trap in the heavy littoral zone along paradip coast !in e

John, M. M., Panda, A. P.

1388 Field an d laboratory measurements of a fluid mud layer Kendrick, M. P., Water, C.B.

1403 A multi-puryose dredger for small dredgingjobs Hageman, L. A . S., Smits, H. B.

1416 Determination of the silt concentration on shoal under the action of wind waves and tidal currents

Liu Jiaju

1422 Estimation method and mathematical mode) for predicting siltation in dredged estuarine channels

Luo Zhaosen, Lu Qimiao, Huang Sheng

xv

1435 Maintenance dredging in tidal inlets, lock entrances and estuaries with alternative, low cost equipment

Meyvis, L, Stordiau, M. , Marain, J.

1447 Effects of jetty construction on navigability of Cecina in! et (ltaly): A mode! study

Ozhan, E., Liberatore, G., Ergin, A., Aminti, P. , Berriolo, G.

1465 Investigation on the hydrodynamic behaviour of the cohesive sediment in Yangtze Estuary

Ren Rushu, Zeng Xiaochuan

1478 The review an d prospect of siltation study on Tianjin port Rukai Wang

1491 Sedimentation and dredging studies for access channel imprcivement a t Port of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Sanchez-Cuadros, E.

1500 On-offshore sediment transport rate due to irregular waves Shibayama, T, Yasushi, l.

1512 Mathematical mode! of the estuarine sediment flow in an intermittent river

Silva, R. C. V. , De Souza, E. M. S. V., Mo.reira, J. C.

1518 The effect of waves o n cohcsive be d surfaces V an Rijn, L. C., Louisse, C. J.

1533 A successful planned change of éourse o n the Estuary of the Yellow River

Wang Kaichen, Shen Shoubai

154 7 Prediction of deposition for building Jiantiao Ti dal Power Pian t Xu Weiyi, Yang Zhaoqing, Su Jilan, Chen Genxin

1560 Study of engineering works for sediment accumulation acceleration along silty coasts with tide in China

Xii Xinghuang, Sun Tingzhao, Huang Jingpeng

1574 Washing and silting of muddy beach due to dischar.ging of dredged materials in Lianyungang an d analysis of beach profile evolution ·

Yu Zhiying, fin Liu, Zhang Yong

1585 lnteraction between waves and mud bottom Zhao Zidan, Dai Guihai, Yang Zhenyong

Group E: Coastal Fie1d Surveys and Measuring Techniques

•

1597 W ave an d curren t measuremcn t in Sri La n ka Chandrawansa, P. D.

16 12 An ult ra-son ic p robe for hydrographic sounding in muddy channels Granboulan, J., Chaumet Lagrange, M., Feral, A .

1628 Measurement and interpreiation of sediment transport on Sablc Island bank, Canada , using radio-isotope t racer methods

Hodgins, D. O.

1641 The collection and application of hydrographic data to the design of the Shajiao B Power Station and Boca Tigris Bridge on the Pearl River in Guangdong Province, China

Lacey, P., Osorio, D., Ridley-Thomas, W. N

1656 Collection of data for the design of futur~ extensions of Limassol Port Meletiou, M.

1669 Wave measurement and evaluation techniques adopted at Daman on the west coast of India

Nayak, B. U, Chandramohan, P., Manda!, S.

1684 Free falling profi1ers for coastal measurements Ribeiro, Carlos, E. P.

1689 Oceanographic data collection- South China Sea Treloar, P. D., Lawson, N V., Goold, D. G. R.

Group F: Envirorunental lmpacts of Coastal and Port Engineering Projects

1697 Environmen tal impact of some coastal defence works Carbognin, L., Marabini, F.

1709 Methodology and models used for environmental studies of coastal nuclear power plants

Darras, M., Manoha, B.

1724 Mathematical models for the study of thet Mundau-Manguaba Lagoons in Alagoas-Brasil

Dias, W. S. Scisinio.: Wollmann, D. M., Pires Luz, H. J.

1739 Design and test of the salt- prevention system a t Haihe lock Ding Xingnd, Zhou Huaxing

1745 Impacts of oil and gas activities on saltwater intrusion Flora Chu Wang, Yuhwa Wang

xvii

1754 Environmental impact assessment of dredging a navigation channel in Kuwait waters

Ghobrial, Fikry H

1768 Assessrnent of turbidity at Shuaiba offshore seawater intakes due to Dredging new pipeline trench

Jen-Men Lo.

1.781 A strategy for the consideration of planning and environmental issues of port development- two case studies from New Zealand

Nixon, P. J. , Clayton, S. M.

1794 Effect oflarge scale reclamation in marine environment Phansalkar, A. G.

1807 Sea lock with a ·membrane to reduce salt water intrusion and save fresh water

Tang Yunfang, Gu Jianqiu, Liu Senpei

1813 Environmenta1 impact assessment ofports in Thailand Teetakaew, V.

1825 Transformation of sea coast un der the human activity Tsivtsivadze, N. Sh.

Group G: Hydrodynamic Forces on Coastal Structures, Design Data Assessments, Generai Modelling Techniques

1837 A hybrid model for thc' Senegal Estuary Barthel, V., Crookshank, N. L.

1852 Design criteria for placed block revetments and granular filters Bezuijen, A ., Breteler, M. K., Biikker, K. J.

1867 The cross-shore motion over a barred beach profile Buhr Hansen, J., Svendsen, Ib A.

1880 Development of tide and surge models of the Yellow Sea for coastal engineering application

Byung Ho Choi

1895 Estimate of extreme wave conditions a t a coastallocation Cava/eri, L.

1903 Velocity field ·when wave and current co-exist Chin-Sheng Chao, Yan Lu

xviii

19 14 The calculation of wave pressure on chamfered vertical breakwater in terms of wave energy

Chung Sun Young, Ce Zhijin

1929 Wave effects upon boundary layer momentum and sediment transport Eidsvik, K. J., Hagatun, K.

1935 Structural and seismic design of a pier for tuna ships in Buena­ventura, Colombia

Eisenberg, Y. M.

1944 Applicability of the convection diffusion approach to computation of suspended secliment with waves and current

Galappatti, R.

1956 Experimental study for the wave forces on pile groups due to regular waves

Gao Mindao, Han Lihua, Sun Shaoshu

1966 Variation ofwave spectrum parameters in shallow water Gotschenberg, A., Daemrich, Karlfriedrich

1978 Wave force coefficients for submarine pipes derived from three Hawaiian ocean test systems

Grace, R . A., Andres, J. M.

1993 The sliding resistance of particular artificial reef modu1es subjected to strong wave forces

Grace, R. A.

2006 Prediction of directional wave spectra at coastallocations Hodgins, D. 0., Niwinski, C. T.

2021 Nonlinear interaction between wave in oblique advance and vertical w ali

Hong Guangwen, Zhu Qing

2036 Calculation on typhoon storm surge pile-up by the power station sea-shore of Daya Bay, Guangdong Province

Huang Qizhou, Wan~ Wenzhi, Chen Junchang

' 2046 Analysis of some bimodal spectra and the re~roduction of these spectra in the laboratory

Jayewardene, l. F. W.

2059 Microcomputer based numerica} morphology model for a large initially conica! sand island

Kamphuis, J. W., Johnson, H. K.

2074 Dynamic programriling model for calculation of typhoon waves LouHongen

1090 The wave force on an underwater horizon tal cylindcr Qiu Dahong. Wang Xuegeng

2097 Simulation of the tidal flow in the Canton River Estuary R odrigues, D. A., Teles, M. J. S.

2112 Application of numerica! m9del of current-depth wave refraction to actual coast

Sakai, T., Murai, K

2124 The effect of bar elevation on wave transmìssion a t a sandy coast Scheffer, H- J, Kohlhase, S., Partenscky, H. W.

2135 Real wave-loads on small cylindrical bodies Sparboom, V.

2150 Flow pattern analysis of the Jakarta Bay by means of Il'lathematical modelling fora two dimensionai nearly horizontal flow

Suryadi, F. X., Yahya, M.

2165 Mathematical modelling of tidal propagation in the Gulf of Kachchh . Vaidyaraman, P. P. , Ghosh, L. K , Gokhale, D. P.

2175 Studies on berthing energy and impact force Wang Shiqin, Shen Gouguang, Li Dejun

2 186 Statistica! analysis an d simulation of wave groups Yang Zhengji, Zuo Qihua

2201 The transformation ofwave spectrum in currents Yu-Cheng Li, Feng-Long Wang, Bin Teng

2215 The numerica! simulation of hydraulical factors of Guahhe Estuary Zhang Dongsheng, Xie Jinzan, Zheng Xiaoping

2225 Author Index