16.5 The Tide of War Turns

By: Tommy Blackmore, Drew Bolisay, Josh Parney, Reynolds Boone, and Jack Sloyan

Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville• Frustrated by McClellan’s lack of aggression, Lincoln replaced him with General

Ambrose E. Burnside as leader of the Army of the Potomac• November 1862- Burnside launches a swift and decisive attack on Richmond by way of

Fredericksburg with 120,000 troops against Confederate’s 78,000• Burnside’s army experienced delays in crossing the Rappahannock River• Ordered a retreat after suffering about 12,600 casualties (Confederates had 5,300)

• Burnside soon stepped down and Lincoln made General Joseph Hooker commander of the Army of the Potomac

• April 1863- Hooker and army of about 138,000 men launch a frontal attack on Fredericksburg

• Hesitated and had his flanking troops take a defensive position at Chancellorsville• The following day, Stonewall Jackson led an attack on Hooker’s flank while Lee

commanded an assault on the Union front• Hooker retreated, but Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot by his own troops and died a

few days later

Drew Bolisay

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=fredericksburg+and+chancellorsville&oq=fredericksburg+and+&gs_l=img.1.1.0l2j0i24l8.10799.15555.0.19620.19.14.0.0.0.0.1233.11249.4-2j3j5j4.14.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..16.3.2057.1uqObxwdZDw#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=20ajPZcNyDwmSM%253A%3BFugU8w_pHxQT5M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fimages%252Ffredricksburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fmrrt%252Ffieldtrip2009.html%3B600%3B418

First Day• General Lee had his troops in a small town called

Gettysburg• Lee was unaware that Union soldiers where encamped

near by, because his cavalry chief wasn’t doing his job• They met and started the Battle of Gettysburg, which

was a key point in the war• The battle started July 1, 1863• Confederate raiding parties and Union forces began

fighting

Reynolds Boone

Second Day• The battle was very devastating and it was filled with

death•Went on all day• The Battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle of

the civil war•By the end of the day, the union still held a strong

defensive position • This battle stopped General Lee’s troops from invading

the northReynolds Boone

https://www.google.com/search?q=gettysburg+battle&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=aYRzU_DWGo2oyATfiYHgBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=651#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=g8lddA3KukdoMM%253A%3Bl6vSWd7gVSjPOM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.files.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252Fgettysburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252F01%252Fgettysburg-what-happens-if-the-south-wins%252F%3B600%3B320

Pickett’s Charge

Josh Parneyhttp://www.bing.com/images/search?q=the+civil+war&FORM=HDRSC2#a

Pickett’s ChargeLongstreet again tried to

convince General Lee not to attack on the 3rd day of the battle

Lee thought that Union forces were damaged and ready to break

He planned to attack the center of the Union line on Cemetery Ridge

General Meade had only 5,750 troops to defend

The battle lasted little over an hour

The Confederates assumed they had seriously damaged the Union artillery

In reality, however, the Confederate attack did little damage

Josh Parney

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybg

Battle TacticsThe task of charging fell into three divisions

General George Pickett commanded the largest squad

More than 15,000 men took part in Pickett’s Charge Josh Parney

The Union held their ground well, and reinforcements were added to the barrage on the rebels

The Confederates retreated, 7,500 of their men died in the battle

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybg

Aftermath of Gettysburg75,000 Confederate soldiers and 90,000 Union troops fought in

the Battle of GettysburgThe battle was a turning point in the war, the South would never

attack the North againUnion victory at Gettysburg took place a day before Grant toke

over Vicksburg Victories made northerners believe that the war could be wonThe victory helped end the South’s search for foreign influence After the battle Great Britain and France refused to aid the

Confederacy

Josh Parney

The Gettysburg AddressOn November 19, 1863, at the dedicating ceremony of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery, President Lincoln delivered a speech called the Gettysburg Address

He praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to win the civil war

The speech is one of the most famous ever given in American history

Lincoln renewed his dedication to winning the Civil War

Josh Parney

Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy

By: Drew Bolisayhttps://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=union+campaigns+cripple+the+confederacy&oq=union+campaigns+cripple+the+confederacy&gs_l=img.3...1122.10261.0.10951.45.43.2.0.0.1.385.5056.24j8j8j2.42.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..29.16.1444._6uJOpTj9LU#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=hj9GoPmCtfuN5M%253A%3BBHbKEq3vKQpLgM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fhistory%252Fhistory%252Fonline_books%252Fcivil_war_series%252F24%252Fimages%252Ffig77.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fhistory%252Fhistory%252Fonline_books%252Fcivil_war_series%252F24%252Fsec9.htm%3B500%3B344

Wilderness Campaign in the East• Lincoln had been impressed with General Ulysses S. Grant’s successes

in capturing Vicksburg, so he transferred him to the East and gave him command of the Union Army• Union troops launched the Wilderness Campaign – a series of battles

designed to capture the federate capital at Richmond, Virginia• The first battle was when Grant ordered General Meade to

Spotsylvania, where the fighting raged for 5 days• Over the next month, Union soldiers moved the Confederate troops

back toward Richmond• However, Grant experienced his worst defeat at the Battle of Cold

Harbor in early June• In only a few hours, the Union army suffered about 7,000

casualties• This battle delayed Grant’s plans to take the Confederate capital

Drew Bolisay

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j3-1j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=ulysses+s+grant&tbm=isch&imgdii=_

Wilderness Campaign in the East Cont.

• Union forces had suffered twice as many casualties as the Confederates had, yet Grant continued his strategy• He knew he would be getting additional soldiers, and Lee would not• Grant slowly but surely advanced his troops through Virginia• After Cold Harbor, General Grant moved south of Richmond• He had hoped to take control of the key railroad junction at

Petersburg, Virginia• However, Lee’s army formed a solid defense, and Grant could not

execute his attack• Grant was winning the war, but he still had not captured Richmond• Facing re-election, Lincoln was especially discouraged by this failure

Drew Bolisay

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j3-1j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=battle+of+cold+harbor&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=JEewMCqwxNJ7FM%253A%3BURxlBPkrQ7SPhM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdn.history.com%252Fsites%252F2%252F2013%252F11%252FBattle-of-Cold-Harbor-Hero-H.jpeg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.history.com%252Ftopics%252Famerican-civil-war%252Fbattles-of-cold-harbor%3B1389%3B454

Sherman Strikes on the South

Jack Sloyanhttp://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/long_shadow.htm

•Lincoln needed a victory because it would help him win re-election•William Tecumseh Sherman carried out a plan to destroy southern railroads and industries•Spring 1864 -- marched to Tennessee with 100,000 troops

Jack Sloyan

•The goal was to remove an important railroad link in Atlanta•From May through August, Sherman’s army moved steadily through the Appalachian Mountains.•Jefferson Davis, the Confederate president, gave command of the confederate army to General John Hood

Jack Sloyan

•Hood repeatedly attacked Sherman’s army, but the Union was stronger•Confederate army retreated as the Union held Atlanta under siege •Most of Atlanta was lost to the Union on September 2, 1864•The South lost an important railroad link and the their center of industry

Jack Sloyan

•This victory led Lincoln to get re-elected•Sherman did not wait long to attack again- his next goal was Savannah, Georgia•Went to Georgia with 60,000 men •Used total war to get to Georgia•Total war is destroying civilian and economic resources

Jack Sloyan

•Destroyed railways, bridges, crops, livestock, and other resources•They burned plantations and freed slaves•Sherman’s army reached Savannah on December 10, 1864•Sherman believed that this march would speed the end of the war

Jack Sloyan

Jack Sloyanhttp://www.ducksters.com/history/shermans_march_to_the_sea.php

• The Union had a strong army and they established a good defense

• The Confederates camped at Seminary Ridge • Both sides called for reinforcements and waited for

the upcoming battle

Reynolds Boone http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=civil+wargettysbug&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=AAC80822439CC3C6B63003E67B1A90214C2C4766&selectedIndex=9

The South Surrenders

Tommy Blackmore https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/forever/freedom/page3.html

Fighting Ends• Lee’s forces completely surrounded and cut off from getting

supplies•April 9, 1865: Union and Confederate troops meet at town of

Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, where Lee surrendered to Grant• Lee was assured that his troops would be fed and not tried for

treason•Grant said, “The rebels are our countrymen again.”

Tommy Blackmore

https://nobility.org/2012/10/15/social-revolution-after-civil-war/

http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=22878

Tommy Blackmore

Effects of the War

•Almost 620,000 Americans died in the four-year war• (Legal) Slavery was ended in the south, although the

majority of former slaves had no home or employment• The southern economy was horrible•Much of the hostility between the North and the South

remained

Tommy Blackmore

wmscivilwar139.edublogs.org Tommy Blackmore

Video• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJfh4HWuiGY

Bibliography• http://www.learnoutloud.com/Free-Audio-Video/History/-/Gettysburg-Address/16984• http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0554003015

• http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/long_shadow.htm