CHAPTER 17 – THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS

CHAPTER 17 – THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS

Today’s Essential Question: How

did the Emancipation Proclamation

change the war?

Section 1 – The Emancipation Proclamation

Vocabulary • emancipation – the act of freeing someone• proclamation – an announcement• recognize – to identify or acknowledge

formally

Check for Understanding• What are we going to do today?• Do teachers always recognize your

right to freedom of speech?• What is an emancipated minor?

Read aloud with me!

What We Already Know

Although he did not believe in racial equality, Lincoln believed slavery

was morally wrong.

Read aloud with me!


In a battle fought near Antietam Creek in

Maryland, Union forces had finally won a slim

victory against Confederate general

Robert E. Lee.

Read aloud with me!


Britain was considering giving aid to the Confed-eracy, even though Britain was opposed to slavery.

Calls for Emancipation

• Abolitionists criticized President Lincoln because he had not ended slavery.

• Some even said his lack of action helped the Confederacy.

William Lloyd Garrison

Calls for Emancipation• Lincoln did not

emancipate slaves when the war began because his first priority was to preserve the Union.

• Also, he wasn’t certain that he had the power to free them.

Calls for Emancipation• He also did not want to

anger pro-Union groups in the South and the border states.

• He knew many white Northerners opposed emancipation.

• Lincoln wanted to bring the Union back together, not have the issue of slavery divide the nation even further.


• But Lincoln finally settled on three reasons for issuing a proclamation of emancipation.

• First, abolitionists like Frederick Douglass convinced Lincoln that making abolition a goal of the war would cause tens of thousands of free blacks to enlist in the Union army.

Calls for Emancipation• He also knew that if

emancipation became a war aim, it would change the war from a disagreement over the nature of the Union to a war over slavery.

• This would make it more difficult for Britain to recognize the Confederacy as an official country.

Calls for Emancipation• Lincoln realized how

important slave labor was to the South.

• Without it, the South would grow weak and be easier to defeat.

• By the summer of 1862, the president had decided in favor of emancipating enslaved African Americans.


• But the Confederacy had won most major battles so far, and Lincoln needed a victory before issuing the proclamation.

• Otherwise, it could be seen as a desperate act by a country losing its war.


McClellan’s victory over Lee at Antietam gave Lincoln the opportunity to act.

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

1. Why did Lincoln hesitate to free the slaves when the war began, but then

decide in favor of emancipation?

Choose the statement that is NOT true!

1. Why did Lincoln hesitate to free the slaves when the war began, but then

decide in favor of emancipation? A. He did not believe he had the power under the

Constitution to abolish slavery where it already existed.

B. He did not want to anger the four slave states that remained in the Union.

C. He knew that most Northern Democrats, and many Republicans, opposed emancipation.

D. He was concerned about the effects of emancipation on the national economy.

Choose the statement that is NOT true!

Why did Lincoln decide in favor of emancipation?

Why did Lincoln decide in favor of emancipation?

A. He used it as a political tactic to split the Northern Democratic Party.

B. He knew that without slave labor, the South would grow weak and be easier to defeat.

C. He knew that emancipation would irritate and annoy Southerners.

D. Grant's victory at New Orleans had stirred the nation and made the people more supportive of emancipation.

2. What battlefield victory gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

A. ChancellorsvilleB. Second Bull runC. AntietamD. Gettysburg

The Emancipation Proclamation• As of January 1, 1863, Lincoln’s Emancipation

Proclamation would free all the slaves in Confederate states still in rebellion against the United States.

• Lincoln argued that ending slavery would weaken the Confederacy. As Commander-in-Chief, he was allowed to take such action.

• Lincoln did not have the power to end slavery in the North, but he did ask Congress to gradually abolish slavery everywhere.

The Emancipation Proclamation

• Since the proclamation only applied to slaves in the Confederacy, where Lincoln couldn’t enforce it, few slaves were affected.

• But it was an important symbolic measure. For the North, the Civil War was now a war of liberation.


What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

The Emancipation Proclamation was an

executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in all regions

that were in rebellion against the Union on

January 1, 1863.

3. Why were few slaves freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?

3. Why were few slaves freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?

A. It only freed slaves in the Border States.

B. It only freed slaves in slave states that remained loyal to the Union.

C. It only freed slaves in United States territories.

D. It only freed slaves in states still in rebellion against the United States.

Response to the Proclamation

In the North, abolitionists rejoiced, although many believed that Lincoln should free all

slaves, including those in the border states.


Many Northern Democrats worried that the proclamation would only prolong the war by

further angering the South.


Most Union soldiers welcomed emancipation because it would help to

weaken the South.


Southern whites were outraged at the thought that Lincoln was threatening their way of life.


With so many Southern men away fighting far from the plantations, news of the

proclamation caused slaves to become defiant and disobedient.


Whenever the Northern armies drew near, many slaves ran away to Union lines, depriving the Confederacy of labor.


How did Southerners react to the Emancipation Proclamation?

A. Most ignored it as something that could never be done.

B. Most were outraged because it threatened their way of life.

C. Most were unaware of it, since Southern newspapers didn’t write about it.

D. Most trivialized it by making jokes about it.

4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the

course of the war?

Choose all that are true!

4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the

course of the war? A. It freed over 8 million slaves immediately.B. It informed European nations that the war

was now a holy war for freedom.C. It forced the Confederacy into the position

of fighting a war specifically to preserve slavery.

D. It announced that African Americans would be allowed to enlist in the Union army.


African American Soldiers

Before the Emancipation Proclamation, the government had discouraged black

enlistment.


• Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation invited African Americans to join the Union army.

• Frederick Douglass praised the decision, believing that military service by blacks would guarantee their rights to citizenship.


After emancipation, African Americans rushed to join the army.


By the end of the war, 180,000 black soldiers had fought for the Union army.


African-American soldiers fought in all-black units led by white officers.


African Americans often were assigned the worst jobs and paid less than white soldiers.


But African American soldiers

showed great courage on the

battlefield.

The 54th Massachusetts

The most famous black regiment of the war was the

54th Massachusetts.

The 54th MassachusettsThe regiment’s bravery at Fort Wagner, South

Carolina in July 1863 made it

popular in the North, and increased

African American

enlistment.


Sergeant W.H. Carney was awarded the

Medal of Honor for his bravery in recovering

the Union colors at Fort Wagner.

http://www.negroartist.com/CIVIL%20WAR%20AND%20EMANCIPATION1/images/SERGEANT%20WH%20CARNEY_jpg.jpg


African Americans faced greater danger than whites if captured.

Southerners rarely took African Americans as prisoners.


Instead, they often executed black soldiers or returned them to slavery.


5. How did the 54th Massachusetts Regiment become famous?

5. How did the 54th Massachusetts Regiment become famous?

A. As the first African American military unit to see combat

B. For its heroism at Fort WagnerC. As the first American military unit to

be commanded by black officersD. For being the largest black regiment

of the war

6. Why did African American soldiers often face greater hardships than white

soldiers, and greater danger if captured?


6. Why did African American soldiers often face greater hardships than white

soldiers, and greater danger if captured?

A. They were never allowed to rise above the rank of

private.B. They were often given the

worst jobs.C. They were given less pay.D. When captured, they were frequently shot or returned to

slavery.Choose all that are

true!

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CHAPTER 17 – THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS