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16.1 THE WAR BEGINSBy Sarah King, Molly Bohan, Becca Corbett, and Tess Foley
AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDESBy: Molly Bohan
AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES
Abraham Lincoln became president
Seven southern states seceded
Lincoln promised to not end slavery where it already existed
Lincoln wanted to preserve the union
Lincoln believed that saving the union would help save democracy
Molly Bohan
AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES
Lincoln refused to recognize secession, declaring the union to be unbroken
After decades of painful compromises the union was badly broken A battle was arising in the south Confederate officials began seizing branches like the federal mint,
arsenals, and military outposts In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina
was attacked by the federal troops On April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire.Molly B
AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDESMOLLY BOHAN
REACTION TO LINCOLN’S CALL/ NORTHERN
RESOURCES
By: Becca Corbett
REACTION TO LINCOLN’S CALL
Lincoln declared South in a state of rebellion Asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen to stop rebellionPennsylvania, New Jersey, & states north of them rallied to president’s
callBorder states- Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri- slave states
that didn’t join the Confederacy People in border states – deeply divided on warFederal troops sent to border states to keep them with UnionWest Virginia- set up own state government in 1863Becca C
NORTHERN RESOURCESNorth population – 22 million South’s – 5.5 million North’s advantages :
Networks of roads, canals, and railroads Civil War stimulated economic growth Production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased Exports to Europe doubled Had money
Had more developed economy, banking system, and currencySouth: export of resources decreased because Union blockadeSouth had to start making own Confederate dollarsWinfield Scott- developed a two part strategy for Union
1) destroy South’s economy with a naval blockade of southern ports 2) gain control of Mississippi River to divide the South
Other leaders urged to attack on Richmond, Virginia Becca
SOUTHERN RESOURCES/PREPARING FOR WARBy Tess Foley
Tess Foley
SOUTHERN RESOURCES• Southern farms provided food for military• South’s best advantage was strategic – it only needed to defend itself until the
North grew tired of fighting• North had maintain long supply lines because of the great distance between
Virginia to Georgia• Armies found South hard to cross because of all the wilderness• Many rivers ran from east to west = this formed a natural defense from the
north• Northern generals attacked from the side instead of the front • Since the two armies fought on Southern territory, Southerners had he
advantage of knowing the land better• Confederate president Jefferson Davis tried to win foreign allies through cotton
diplomacy• Cotton Diplomacy – idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy
because it needed the South’s raw cotton to supply it’s booming textile industry
Tess Foley
UNION AND CONFEDERATE RESOURCES
Tess Foley
PREPARING FOR WAR
• Volunteer Armies had sparked revolution• Thousands had joined the volunteer
army• Union army only had 16,000 soldiers in
beginning• Within month, that number swelled to
half million• Virginian Thomas Webber came to
fight “against the invading foe who now pollute the sacred soil of my beloved native state.”
Tess Foley
HELPING THE TROOPS
• Civilians on both sides helped those in uniform• Raised money• Provided aid for soldiers and their families• Ran emergency hospitals
• Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first women to receive medicine license, organized a group that pressured Pres. Lincoln to form U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861
• The Sanitary was run by clergyman Henry Bellows• Sent bandages• Medicines• Food to Union Army
• 3,000 women served as nurses for the Union army.
Tess Foley
TRAINING THE SOLDIERS By Sarah King
TRAINING THE SOLDIERS
Union and Confederate sides were both short of supplies:
Lacked standard uniform (wore own clothes)Volunteers had no Idea how to fightSmall amount of food and rifles
Union side ended up wearing blue uniforms, while confederates wore grey
Sarah
http://www.heeve.com/american-history/african-americans-in-the-civil-war.html
THE VOLUNTEERS
•No clue how to fight• Still eager to fight•Used schoolteachers, farmers, laborers• Learned combat basics such as:•Marching• Shooting•Using bayonets• Sarah
ALMOST TIME TO FIGHT
•Discipline and drill used to turn into efficient soldiers• Learned to load, aim, and fire their rifles three times in one minute• Favored Springfield and Enfield rifles because of accuracy• Sarah
THE TENTS
•Union army provided two person tents• Soldiers discarded them for more portable ones• Confederates didn’t issue tents•Often stole Union’s tents• Sarah
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.econedlink.org/lessons/images_lessons/729_1860_uc1.gif
Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White. United States History Beginnings to 1877. Orlando: Harcourt Education Company, 2009. Print.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Textbook
• 16.1 powerpoint