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Protestant Reformation - a religious
movement in the 1500s that split the Christian
church (in western Europe) and led to the
establishment of a number of new churches
People grew displeased with the churches… Financial Corruption Abuse of Power Immorality
What is the Protestant Reformation?
The Western Schism (1378-1418)
Two Catholic popes questioning the Papal Authority
Renaissance scholar Erasmus The Praise of Folly Criticism of the Catholic Church
Factors Before the Reformation
Factors Before the Reformation
The Printing Press!!!! Books are now
available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books)
People have access to books whenever they want them How does this relate to
the Reformation? Explain your answer?
Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday
Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday
Factors Before the Reformation
Church is selling indulgences!
Indulgences - pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory = (People could buy forgiveness)
Fun FactThe last words of John Hus (early reformer) were:
“In 100 years, God will raise up a man whose calls for reform cannot be
suppressed”
Almost exactly 100 years later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed up his famous 95 Theses
Martin Luther
Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg
One of the many leaders of the Protestant Reformation
Do belief systems divide or unite people?
How were reformers a reflection of Renaissance ideals?
Today’s Focus: Why did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic
Church?
Reformation Big Questions
In 1517, the 95 Theses were nailed to a
church door - they were written in Latin Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH
CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT!
Criticized: 1. Indulgences2. Power of Pope3. Wealth of Church
God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE! Catholic View: Good Works
Luther’s 95 Theses
In 1520 Pope Leo X
excommunicated Luther
Excommunication- expelled him from the church
Luther went on to form the Lutheran Church (branch of Protestant Church)
Excommunication
Historians often find two opposing accounts of the
same event and sometimes, they are even written by the same person.
To figure out what happened, they use the skill of SOURCING to determine when, where, and why a document was written.
They also use CORROBORATION to compare accounts and look for similarities and differences
Why did Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
Through reading the two documents, you will
try to explain the differences between the documents and decide which one is a more reliable answer to our question:
Why did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
Your Task
John Calvin in Switzerland
Believed in Predestination God knows who will be saved, even before people
are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation
Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, gambling etc..
Wanted a simpler church
Other Reformers: Calvinism
A Historical Debate: An internal Catholic
reform or a result of Protestant criticism?
Catholic Church met many times from 1545-1648 Discussed the abuses of the Catholic Church Other debates:
Structure Religious Orders Spiritual Movements Politics
Counter-Reformation