13 Konsep Model Dan Pemodelan

7/24/2019 13 Konsep Model Dan Pemodelan

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CONCEPT OF MODELS ANDMODELLING

MODELLING TYPES AND

APPROACHES

MODELLING DISPLAYS


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THE MEANING OF MODEL

SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION OF

THE REAL WORLD

IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF A

GROUP OR CLASS OF OBJECTS

IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF AREAL SYSTEM


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SIMPLIFIED

REPRESENTATION OF THEREAL WORLD

Physical Mo!l" #!$!%ally a$ i&i'a'io$ a$ $o$(

)*$c'io$i$# Moc+(*, -'%*! ,hysical &o!l./ '%*! 'o scal!

&o!ls

Scal! &o!ls" s*ch as 'h! Glo0!" Mi$ia'*%!"Ma1*!''!" !'c2

So&! &o!ls o ,!%)o%& %*i&!$'a%y -)i%s'

&o!l. 'h! 0asic )*$c'io$s/ ai%,la$! &o!l


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IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF A

GROUP OR CLASS OF OBJECTS

A &!&0!% o) 'his #%o*, o% class o) o03!c's

is s!l!c'! 0as! o$ 'h! i!al

Bas! o$ c!%'ai$ c%i'!%ia s*ch as ,hysicalla4s" !si%a0l! cha%ac'!%s o% !s'h!'ics" s*ch

as Pho'o Mo!l" A%' Mo!l !'c2

I$ #!olo#y/ 'h! Bo*&a5'*%0ii'! &o!l" 'h!All!$5!l'a &o!l" Mississi,,i D!l'a

&o!l" !'c2


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672GEOLOGICAL MODELS

AND MODELLING

8UANTITATI9E GEOLOGY

GEOKONSEP


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IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF

A REAL SYSTEM

I!al %!,%!s!$'a'io$ o) $a'*%al ,%oc!ss as a

%!al sys'!& Th! %!al sys'!& is 0as! o$ ,hysics a$

ch!&is'%y o% 0iolo#y la4s" %!,%!s!$'! 0y

&a'h!&a'ical !1*a'io$s" i's %!la'io$shi,"sho4i$# ca*s! a$ !))!c'


7/27

DEFINITION OF SYSTEM MODELS

-:!$all a$ B*c+la$" 6;! !?,%!ssio$ o) a 'h!o%y o% 'h! ca*sal

si'*a'io$ 4hich is %!#a%! as ha@i$# #!$!%a'!

o0s!%@! a'a2 I$ statisticala$alysis the modelis #!$!%ally

!?,%!ss! i$ &a'h!&a'ical )o%&" 0*' ia#%a&&a'ic

&o!ls a%! also )o*$

M!a$i$# o) &o!ls i$ #!olo#y/ I$ &os' #!$!%al

s!$s! a &o!l,%o@i!s a )%a&!4o%+ )o%

o%#a$i>i$# o% s'%*c'*%i$# a #!olo#ical s'*y


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MODELLING TYPE AND

APPROACHES MODEL TYPES

MODEL EPRESSION FORM

TYPES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS

SYSTEMS

MATHEMATICAL MODELLINGAPPROACHES

MODELLING TECHNI8UES


9/27

MODELLINGTYPES

PHYSICAL MODELS

( Scal! &o!ls

( T%*! 'o scal! &o!ls( A$alo# &o!ls

SYSTEM MODELS

( Co$c!,'*al58*ali'a'i@! &o!ls

( Ma'h!&a'ical5N*&!%ical &o!ls


10/27

CONCEPTUAL58UALITATI9E

MODELS M!$'al i&a#! o% a0s'%ac'io$ o) so&! $a'*%al

,h!$o&!$o$" 0as! o$ a )o*$a'io$ o)

o0s!%@a'io$s a$ s!%@!s 'o !?,%!ss so&! s!#&!$'o) 'h! %!al 4o%li$ idealized form

Si&,li)ica'io$ 'o %!'ai$ !ss!$'ial )!a'*%!s o) 'h!

,h!$o&!$o$" 4i'h !?'%a$!o*s details omitted

-i#$o%!.

A co$c!,'*al &o!l ca$ 0! !?,%!ss! i$ ia#%a&s/

c%oss(s!c'io$s" &a,s" )lo4 cha%'s !'c2


11/27

MATHEMATICAL -SYSTEM.5

NUMERICAL MODELS

A &a'h!&a'ical &o!l is0as! o$ a co$c!,'*al

&o!l" i$ 4hich 'h! %!al sys'!& is )o%&*la'! i$'o

&a'h!&a'ical !1*a'io$s 0as! o$ $a'*%al la4s

-,hysics a$ ch!&is'%y. Ass*&,'io$s a$ si&,li)ica'io$ a%! &a! i$ 'h!

&a'h!&a'ical )o%&*la'io$ a$5o% i$ 'h! sol*'io$

'!ch$i1*!s2 I$ 'his s!$s! a si&,li)ica'io$ o) 'h!

%!al 4o%l" a$ i' ca$ l!a 'o !%%o% *! 'o ,oo%

+$o4l!#! o) 'h! %!al sys'!& a$ i's 0!ha@io%" as

i' is i$h!%i'! )%o& 'h! co$c!,'*al &o!l" 4hich

&ay ha@! i$co%%!c' o%i#i$al i$,*'


12/27

MODEL EPRESSION FORMS

MATERIAL FORM

Scal! &o!ls

A$alo#*! &o!ls

SYMBOLIC FORM

Dia#%a&&a'ic5G%a,hic Mo!lsMa'h!&a'ical E1*a'io$ Mo!ls


13/27

TYPES OF

MATHEMATICAL MODELS

STATIC MODELS

( S,a'ial %!la'io$s o$ly

DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MODELS

( S,a'ial a$ '!&,o%al -s,ac! a$ 'i&!.%!la'io$s


14/27

BASIC FEATURES OF MANY

DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODELS Sys'!& !l!&!$'s

Sys'!& 0o*$a%i!s

S'%*c'*%! o) i$'!%%!la'io$shi,s" i$cl*i$#

)!!0ac+

T%a$s,o%' a$ acco*$'i$# &a'!%ials a$

!$!%#y

Ti&! )lo4

E?a&,l!/ G!olo#ical Roc+ Cycl!


15/27

CONCEPT OF SYSTEMS

DEFINITION OF SYSTEM/

a sys'!& is a s!' o) y$a&ici$'!%%!la'! co&,o$!$'s 4i'hi$ a

s!' o) 0o*$a%i!s" 4hich &ay o%

&ay $o' 0! i$ !1*ili0%i*&


16/27

TYPE OF SYSTEMS

CLOSED SYSTEMS/ isola'! sys'!&s"

$!i'h!% %!c!i@! $o% ,%o@i! o*',*' 'o 'h!

o*'!% 4o%l o% 'o 'h! la%#!% sys'!&s 'ha's*%%o*$ i'

OPEN SYSTEMS/ R!al 4o%l sys'!&s a%!

i$@a%ia0ly o,!$" 0!i$# co$'i$*ally a))!c'!0y !?'!%$al )ac'o%s a$ i$ a s'a'! o) y$a&ic

!1*ili0%i*&


17/27

MATHEMATICAL

MODELLING APPROACH PROBABILISTIC5STATISTICAL

MODELS'a'is'ical Mo!ls

S'ochas'ic(,%oc!ss Mo!ls

DETERMINISTIC MODELS


18/27

PROBABILISTIC 5STATISTICAL

MODELS

Statistical Models/

A co$@!$'io$al s'a'is'ical &o!l has o$! o% &o%! %a$o&

co&,o$!$'s %!la'! 'o &!as*%!&!$' !%%o%" !1*a'io$ !%%o%

o% 'h! i$h!%!$' @a%ia0ili'y o) 'h! o03!c' 0!i$# &!as*%!"

s*ch as ac'*al i))!%!$c!s i$ sha,!s !'c -!?2/ ,!00l!s.

Stochastic-process Models/

May co$'ai$ si&ila% %a$o& !))!c's 0*' has i$ ai'io$ a

s,!ci)ic %a$o& ,%oc!ss 0*il' i$'o i'" 4hich !sc%i0! 'h!

,h!$o&!$o$ o$ a,%o0a0ili'y0asis %a'h!% 'ha$

!'!%&i$is'ic0asis


19/27


Th! sys'!& is !?,%!ss! i$ &a'h!&a'ical

!1*a'io$s" i$@ol@i$# @a%ia0l!s" ,a%a&!'!%s"

a$ co$s'a$'s 4i'h $o %a$o& co&,o$!$'s"'h!%!)o%! $o !l!&!$'s o) cha$c!

Th! i$i'ial 0o*$a%y co$i'io$s a%! ass*&!

'o 0! co%%!c' Th! s'a'! o) 'h! &o!l a' a$y ,oi$' i$ 'i&! is

co&,l!'!ly,%!(!'!%&i$!


20/27


ca$ 0!/ DYNAMIC DETERMINISTIC

S,a'ial a$ '!&,o%al %!la'io$shi, STATIC DETERMINISTIC

S,a'ial %!la'io$shi, o$ly


21/27

MODELLI! TEC"I#$ES

SIMULATION

FORWARD MODELLING

IN9ERSE MODELLING


22/27

SIMULATION

A class o) '!ch$i1*!s'ha' i$@ol@!s s!''i$#

*, a &o!l o) a %!al sys'!&a$ 'h!$

,!%)o%&i$# !?,!%i&!$'s o$ 'h! &o!l2 I$i'ial a$ 0o*$a%y co$i'io$s a%! ass*&!

a$ i' is a si&,li)ica'io$ o) 'h! %!al 4o%l

a$ 'h*s l!a 'o co$c!,'*al )o%&s


23/27

FORWARD MODELLING

Si&*la'!s s!'s o) ,%oc!ss a$ %!s,o$s!s"

*s! co&&o$ly as a s!' o) !?,!%i&!$'s

i$ 4hich'h! i$i'ial a$ 0o*$a%y

co$i'io$sa$ 'h! ,%oc!ss a$ %!s,o$s!

@a%ia0l!sa%! ,%o#%!ssi@!ly a3*s'!

*$'il 'h! si&*la'io$ &a'ch!s a@aila0l!

o0s!%@a'io$s


24/27

IN9ERSE MODELLING

This &!'ho *s!s,%!s!$' ay o0s!%@a'io$s -'%*'h.

'o &a+! !s'i&a'!so) 'h! i$i'ial a$ 0o*$a%y

co$i'io$s a$ 'h! co$'i$*o*s ,%oc!ss(%!s,o$s!

'ha' o,!%a'! 'h%o*#ho*' 'i&! 'o ,%o*c! 'h!

o0s!%@! co$i'io$

This &!'ho i$@ol@!s a &a'h!&a'ical %i#o%o*s

5'i#h' ,%oc!ss o) %*$$i$# a )o%4a% &o!l &*l'i,l!

'i&!s" a3*s'! ,%o#%!ssi@!ly 'h%o*#h )!!0ac+ so'ha' i))!%!$c! 0!'4!!$ ,%!ic'io$ a$ o0s!%@a'io$s

a%! &i$i&i>! -'%ial a$ !%%o% &!'ho.


25/27

MODELLING DISPLAYS

ACTUAL OBJECTS

PHYSICAL AND SCALE MODELS

GRAPHICAL DISPLAYC*%@!s o% ia#%a&

(D Dia#%a&s -C%oss(s!c'io$s o) &a,s.

7(D Dia#%a&s -Bloc+ Dia#%a&s.

ANIMATION

NUMBERICAL PRINT(OUTS


26/27

!EOLO!ICAL

COM%$TER MODELS

ISOLATED GEOLOGICAL

SYSTEMS MODEL

INTEGRATED BASINS

MODELS


27/27

ISOLATED GEOLOGICAL

SYSTEM MODELS S!i&!$'a'io$ Mo!ls -si&*la'io$.

Bala$c! C%oss(s!c'io$s Mo!ls

T!c'o$ic D!@!lo,&!$' Mo!ls

S'%a'i#%a,hic Mo!ls -4i'h ,%oc!ss

%!s,o$s! @a%ia0l!s.

G!ohis'o%y Mo!ls

G!oy$a&ic Mo!ls

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13 Konsep Model Dan Pemodelan