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CONCEPT OF MODELS ANDMODELLING
MODELLING TYPES AND
APPROACHES
MODELLING DISPLAYS
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THE MEANING OF MODEL
SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION OF
THE REAL WORLD
IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF A
GROUP OR CLASS OF OBJECTS
IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF AREAL SYSTEM
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SIMPLIFIED
REPRESENTATION OF THEREAL WORLD
Physical Mo!l" #!$!%ally a$ i&i'a'io$ a$ $o$(
)*$c'io$i$# Moc+(*, -'%*! ,hysical &o!l./ '%*! 'o scal!
&o!ls
Scal! &o!ls" s*ch as 'h! Glo0!" Mi$ia'*%!"Ma1*!''!" !'c2
So&! &o!ls o ,!%)o%& %*i&!$'a%y -)i%s'
&o!l. 'h! 0asic )*$c'io$s/ ai%,la$! &o!l
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IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF A
GROUP OR CLASS OF OBJECTS
A &!&0!% o) 'his #%o*, o% class o) o03!c's
is s!l!c'! 0as! o$ 'h! i!al
Bas! o$ c!%'ai$ c%i'!%ia s*ch as ,hysicalla4s" !si%a0l! cha%ac'!%s o% !s'h!'ics" s*ch
as Pho'o Mo!l" A%' Mo!l !'c2
I$ #!olo#y/ 'h! Bo*&a5'*%0ii'! &o!l" 'h!All!$5!l'a &o!l" Mississi,,i D!l'a
&o!l" !'c2
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672GEOLOGICAL MODELS
AND MODELLING
8UANTITATI9E GEOLOGY
GEOKONSEP
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IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF
A REAL SYSTEM
I!al %!,%!s!$'a'io$ o) $a'*%al ,%oc!ss as a
%!al sys'!& Th! %!al sys'!& is 0as! o$ ,hysics a$
ch!&is'%y o% 0iolo#y la4s" %!,%!s!$'! 0y
&a'h!&a'ical !1*a'io$s" i's %!la'io$shi,"sho4i$# ca*s! a$ !))!c'
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DEFINITION OF SYSTEM MODELS
-:!$all a$ B*c+la$" 6;! !?,%!ssio$ o) a 'h!o%y o% 'h! ca*sal
si'*a'io$ 4hich is %!#a%! as ha@i$# #!$!%a'!
o0s!%@! a'a2 I$ statisticala$alysis the modelis #!$!%ally
!?,%!ss! i$ &a'h!&a'ical )o%&" 0*' ia#%a&&a'ic
&o!ls a%! also )o*$
M!a$i$# o) &o!ls i$ #!olo#y/ I$ &os' #!$!%al
s!$s! a &o!l,%o@i!s a )%a&!4o%+ )o%
o%#a$i>i$# o% s'%*c'*%i$# a #!olo#ical s'*y
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MODELLING TYPE AND
APPROACHES MODEL TYPES
MODEL EPRESSION FORM
TYPES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS
SYSTEMS
MATHEMATICAL MODELLINGAPPROACHES
MODELLING TECHNI8UES
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MODELLINGTYPES
PHYSICAL MODELS
( Scal! &o!ls
( T%*! 'o scal! &o!ls( A$alo# &o!ls
SYSTEM MODELS
( Co$c!,'*al58*ali'a'i@! &o!ls
( Ma'h!&a'ical5N*&!%ical &o!ls
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CONCEPTUAL58UALITATI9E
MODELS M!$'al i&a#! o% a0s'%ac'io$ o) so&! $a'*%al
,h!$o&!$o$" 0as! o$ a )o*$a'io$ o)
o0s!%@a'io$s a$ s!%@!s 'o !?,%!ss so&! s!#&!$'o) 'h! %!al 4o%li$ idealized form
Si&,li)ica'io$ 'o %!'ai$ !ss!$'ial )!a'*%!s o) 'h!
,h!$o&!$o$" 4i'h !?'%a$!o*s details omitted
-i#$o%!.
A co$c!,'*al &o!l ca$ 0! !?,%!ss! i$ ia#%a&s/
c%oss(s!c'io$s" &a,s" )lo4 cha%'s !'c2
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MATHEMATICAL -SYSTEM.5
NUMERICAL MODELS
A &a'h!&a'ical &o!l is0as! o$ a co$c!,'*al
&o!l" i$ 4hich 'h! %!al sys'!& is )o%&*la'! i$'o
&a'h!&a'ical !1*a'io$s 0as! o$ $a'*%al la4s
-,hysics a$ ch!&is'%y. Ass*&,'io$s a$ si&,li)ica'io$ a%! &a! i$ 'h!
&a'h!&a'ical )o%&*la'io$ a$5o% i$ 'h! sol*'io$
'!ch$i1*!s2 I$ 'his s!$s! a si&,li)ica'io$ o) 'h!
%!al 4o%l" a$ i' ca$ l!a 'o !%%o% *! 'o ,oo%
+$o4l!#! o) 'h! %!al sys'!& a$ i's 0!ha@io%" as
i' is i$h!%i'! )%o& 'h! co$c!,'*al &o!l" 4hich
&ay ha@! i$co%%!c' o%i#i$al i$,*'
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MODEL EPRESSION FORMS
MATERIAL FORM
Scal! &o!ls
A$alo#*! &o!ls
SYMBOLIC FORM
Dia#%a&&a'ic5G%a,hic Mo!lsMa'h!&a'ical E1*a'io$ Mo!ls
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TYPES OF
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
STATIC MODELS
( S,a'ial %!la'io$s o$ly
DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MODELS
( S,a'ial a$ '!&,o%al -s,ac! a$ 'i&!.%!la'io$s
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BASIC FEATURES OF MANY
DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODELS Sys'!& !l!&!$'s
Sys'!& 0o*$a%i!s
S'%*c'*%! o) i$'!%%!la'io$shi,s" i$cl*i$#
)!!0ac+
T%a$s,o%' a$ acco*$'i$# &a'!%ials a$
!$!%#y
Ti&! )lo4
E?a&,l!/ G!olo#ical Roc+ Cycl!
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CONCEPT OF SYSTEMS
DEFINITION OF SYSTEM/
a sys'!& is a s!' o) y$a&ici$'!%%!la'! co&,o$!$'s 4i'hi$ a
s!' o) 0o*$a%i!s" 4hich &ay o%
&ay $o' 0! i$ !1*ili0%i*&
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TYPE OF SYSTEMS
CLOSED SYSTEMS/ isola'! sys'!&s"
$!i'h!% %!c!i@! $o% ,%o@i! o*',*' 'o 'h!
o*'!% 4o%l o% 'o 'h! la%#!% sys'!&s 'ha's*%%o*$ i'
OPEN SYSTEMS/ R!al 4o%l sys'!&s a%!
i$@a%ia0ly o,!$" 0!i$# co$'i$*ally a))!c'!0y !?'!%$al )ac'o%s a$ i$ a s'a'! o) y$a&ic
!1*ili0%i*&
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MATHEMATICAL
MODELLING APPROACH PROBABILISTIC5STATISTICAL
MODELS'a'is'ical Mo!ls
S'ochas'ic(,%oc!ss Mo!ls
DETERMINISTIC MODELS
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PROBABILISTIC 5STATISTICAL
MODELS
Statistical Models/
A co$@!$'io$al s'a'is'ical &o!l has o$! o% &o%! %a$o&
co&,o$!$'s %!la'! 'o &!as*%!&!$' !%%o%" !1*a'io$ !%%o%
o% 'h! i$h!%!$' @a%ia0ili'y o) 'h! o03!c' 0!i$# &!as*%!"
s*ch as ac'*al i))!%!$c!s i$ sha,!s !'c -!?2/ ,!00l!s.
Stochastic-process Models/
May co$'ai$ si&ila% %a$o& !))!c's 0*' has i$ ai'io$ a
s,!ci)ic %a$o& ,%oc!ss 0*il' i$'o i'" 4hich !sc%i0! 'h!
,h!$o&!$o$ o$ a,%o0a0ili'y0asis %a'h!% 'ha$
!'!%&i$is'ic0asis
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DETERMINISTIC MODELS
Th! sys'!& is !?,%!ss! i$ &a'h!&a'ical
!1*a'io$s" i$@ol@i$# @a%ia0l!s" ,a%a&!'!%s"
a$ co$s'a$'s 4i'h $o %a$o& co&,o$!$'s"'h!%!)o%! $o !l!&!$'s o) cha$c!
Th! i$i'ial 0o*$a%y co$i'io$s a%! ass*&!
'o 0! co%%!c' Th! s'a'! o) 'h! &o!l a' a$y ,oi$' i$ 'i&! is
co&,l!'!ly,%!(!'!%&i$!
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DETERMINISTIC MODELS
ca$ 0!/ DYNAMIC DETERMINISTIC
S,a'ial a$ '!&,o%al %!la'io$shi, STATIC DETERMINISTIC
S,a'ial %!la'io$shi, o$ly
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MODELLI! TEC"I#$ES
SIMULATION
FORWARD MODELLING
IN9ERSE MODELLING
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SIMULATION
A class o) '!ch$i1*!s'ha' i$@ol@!s s!''i$#
*, a &o!l o) a %!al sys'!&a$ 'h!$
,!%)o%&i$# !?,!%i&!$'s o$ 'h! &o!l2 I$i'ial a$ 0o*$a%y co$i'io$s a%! ass*&!
a$ i' is a si&,li)ica'io$ o) 'h! %!al 4o%l
a$ 'h*s l!a 'o co$c!,'*al )o%&s
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FORWARD MODELLING
Si&*la'!s s!'s o) ,%oc!ss a$ %!s,o$s!s"
*s! co&&o$ly as a s!' o) !?,!%i&!$'s
i$ 4hich'h! i$i'ial a$ 0o*$a%y
co$i'io$sa$ 'h! ,%oc!ss a$ %!s,o$s!
@a%ia0l!sa%! ,%o#%!ssi@!ly a3*s'!
*$'il 'h! si&*la'io$ &a'ch!s a@aila0l!
o0s!%@a'io$s
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IN9ERSE MODELLING
This &!'ho *s!s,%!s!$' ay o0s!%@a'io$s -'%*'h.
'o &a+! !s'i&a'!so) 'h! i$i'ial a$ 0o*$a%y
co$i'io$s a$ 'h! co$'i$*o*s ,%oc!ss(%!s,o$s!
'ha' o,!%a'! 'h%o*#ho*' 'i&! 'o ,%o*c! 'h!
o0s!%@! co$i'io$
This &!'ho i$@ol@!s a &a'h!&a'ical %i#o%o*s
5'i#h' ,%oc!ss o) %*$$i$# a )o%4a% &o!l &*l'i,l!
'i&!s" a3*s'! ,%o#%!ssi@!ly 'h%o*#h )!!0ac+ so'ha' i))!%!$c! 0!'4!!$ ,%!ic'io$ a$ o0s!%@a'io$s
a%! &i$i&i>! -'%ial a$ !%%o% &!'ho.
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MODELLING DISPLAYS
ACTUAL OBJECTS
PHYSICAL AND SCALE MODELS
GRAPHICAL DISPLAYC*%@!s o% ia#%a&
(D Dia#%a&s -C%oss(s!c'io$s o) &a,s.
7(D Dia#%a&s -Bloc+ Dia#%a&s.
ANIMATION
NUMBERICAL PRINT(OUTS
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!EOLO!ICAL
COM%$TER MODELS
ISOLATED GEOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS MODEL
INTEGRATED BASINS
MODELS
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ISOLATED GEOLOGICAL
SYSTEM MODELS S!i&!$'a'io$ Mo!ls -si&*la'io$.
Bala$c! C%oss(s!c'io$s Mo!ls
T!c'o$ic D!@!lo,&!$' Mo!ls
S'%a'i#%a,hic Mo!ls -4i'h ,%oc!ss
%!s,o$s! @a%ia0l!s.
G!ohis'o%y Mo!ls
G!oy$a&ic Mo!ls