(13) Guidelines for Writing a Scientific Paper (ppt kuliah MedCom 2011).ppt

8/14/2019 (13) Guidelines for Writing a Scientific Paper (ppt kuliah MedCom 2011).ppt

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Basic Concept of Scientific

Writing

I Gde Raka Widiana


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WHY, WHERE AND HOW?

Research work is incomplete unless the results

are disseminated to the wider community.

Publishing is important for yourself, your

organization, your scientific colleagues and

your funders.

It improves your career

Increase your chances of attracting funding

and collaborators.


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Why should you publish?

It is a good principlealmost a dutyto make results accessible.

It gives the scientific community a chance to find out about yourwork.

It is a way of paying back those who fund you.

It improves your writing and analytical skills.

You will attract useful comments and input.

This will help your ideas progress and improve your future work.

It gets you and your work known in the wider scientific andconservation community.

Good for your career.

Good for your organization.


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Where should you publish?

Peer-reviewed journalsthe most widelyrespected avenue for presenting researchfindings.

Publishing in journalsarticles must follow strictguidelines and the rejection rate can be high.

Book chapters, newsletters, magazine articles oreven web pages.

Media(newspaper supplements and articles),although this route needs to be used wiselythemedia can misrepresent you.


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Choosing a journal

Different journalscover different subject

areas and regions.

National, regional or international journal.


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TipEditors advice on how to get work published:

Study the journal. Know who the journal is for and the kinds ofarticles it publishes.

Use good English. Reviewers often reject papers because thegrammaris bad (rather than on the basis of the content).

Be realistic. Be aware of the value of your results but dont over-interpret them.

Tell a coherent story, and dont make sweeping conclusions if youdont have the results to support them; i.e. dont be over-speculative.

Dont try too hard to sound important; dont use a pompous voice.

Make sure the title matches the content, e.g. dont use the title

Impact of climate change on bird ecology when there isnt asingle climate parameter in your paper.

Read lots of papers and learn from them.


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Tip

What are the most common problems withscientific papers?

The paper is too long.

The writing and figures are not clear.Its subject matter is not suitable for the journal.

It is not well structured.

The author has not explained the general interest of

the specific issues.

The author assumes too much specific knowledgefrom the reader.


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What makes a good piece of writing

It answer the question set.

It demonstrates understanding and clarity of thought.

It provides evidence of reading and research

It supports any assertions by evidence It is well structured

It is written in an appropriate style

It flows logically from one section to another, and from one

paragraph to another

It is appropriately referenced

It is interesting to read


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The maxim for scientific writing

Write clearly to clarify your own thinking(Writing for clarity)


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Words

Sentences

Paragraphs

to produce a clear and

coherent story


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Scientific English

Avoiding superfluous words and phrases

Choosing a better word

Identifying imprecise words and phrases

Using the active and passive voices

appropriately

Using the tenses properly

Applying the punctuation correctly?

Writing paragraphs

Understanding & compiling references


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Smith reports that (present tense)

(Refers to just-published paper of currentimportance)

Smith has reported that (present perfect tense)

(Refers to recent past and implies 'continuingintellectual importance')

Smith reported that (past tense)

(Refers to a past & completed event )


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Use clear pronoun

"To decrease blood volume by about 10%

in a few minutes, blood was pooled in the

subjects' legs by placing wide congesting

cuffs around the thighs and inflating

them to diastolic brachial arterial pressure.

the cuffs.


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Put parallel ideas in parallel form

Parallel ideas are ideas that are equal in

logic and importance.

Examples: ideas that are joined by "and"

"or" or "but" or ideas that are being

compared.


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Cardiac output was less in the E. coli group

than the pseudomonas group.

Cardiac output was less in the E. coli group

than in the pseudomonas group.

Left ventricular function was impaired in thedogs that received endotoxin but not the control

dogs

Left ventricular function was impaired in the

dogs that received endotoxin and not inthe

control dogs


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Thanks

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(13) Guidelines for Writing a Scientific Paper (ppt kuliah MedCom 2011).ppt