1213877529672 RIL Respiratory Protective Equipment Standard Rev 0 June 2008

7/28/2019 1213877529672 RIL Respiratory Protective Equipment Standard Rev 0 June 2008

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RIL Group StandardsRespiratory Protective Equipment


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Document Control Details

Revision Date Reason For Issue Compiled by Approved by

0 June 08 CorporateStandard Dinesh Vaidya Dr Prasad Tipnis

Next Review Date

June09

User Notes: - The Centre for Health Safety and Environment Excellence (CHSEE) is thecustodian of this document and is responsible for the Administration and Authorization of this

Standard. CHSEE is responsible for confirming the accuracy and integrity of content andproposed changes to the Standard.

Controlled copy of the current version of this document is held at CHSEE and also available onits portal. Any printed / electronic copy of this document is uncontrolled. It is recommendedthat users verify that the version being used by them is the current version by referring to thecontrolled version


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Acknowledgement

The management acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals for being a part ofthe inter-site workgroup and for their assistance in preparing this standard on RespiratoryProtective Equipment

Location Members

CHSEE Mr. Dinesh Vaidya

Jamnagar Mr. Nihar Satpathy Mr. HM Padhariya

Hazira Mr. Pranjal Changmai Mr. GC Sekar

Patalganga Mr. Ajay Kale Mr. Sunil Kumar

Vadodara Mr. Puyesh Pandey Mr. Shailesh Doshi

Nagothane Mr. Mohan Mithagre Mr. Sandeep Durge

Gandhar Mr. Santosh Pandey Mr. Navalkishor Upadhayay

The management also acknowledges the guidance and help of the following experts fromDuPont Safety Resources.

Agency Members

DuPont SafetyResources

Dr Anil Bhaskar

Revision 0June 2008 2


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Table of Contents

DOCUMENT CONTROL DETAILS ............................................................... 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................2

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................3

DOCUMENT ISSUE.....................................................................................5

ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 7

Intent and Purpose ...................................................................................... 7

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION............................................... 7

1.1. SCOPE................................................................................................ 7

1.2. FIELD OF APPLICATION ...................................................................8

2. REFERENCES....................................................................................8

3. MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES.................................................9

4. DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................9

5. STANDARD/GUIDELINES................................................................11

5.1. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM ........................................11

5.2. RESPIRATORY PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR ................................ 12

5.3. SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS ....................................................... 12

5.3.1. Approved equipment .............................................................. 12

5.3.2. Workplace hazards ..................................................................13

5.3.3. Hazard evaluation steps...........................................................13

5.3.4. Respirator selection steps ........................................................13

5.3.5. Replacing air-purifying cartridges and filters ......................... 14

5.3.6. Oxygen deficiency ................................................................... 14

5.3.7. Respirators for IDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheres...............15

5.3.8. Procedures for IDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheres ...............15

5.3.9. Escape-only respirators ...........................................................15

5.4. MEDICAL EVALUATION.................................................................. 16

5.5. FIT TESTING ................................................................................... 16

5.5.1. General ................................................................................... 16

5.5.2. Fit testing positive-pressure respirator face-pieces ................. 16

5.6. SPECIAL RESPIRATOR ISSUES....................................................... 16

5.6.1. Facial hair............................................................................... 16

5.6.2. Glasses and goggles..................................................................17


5.6.3. User seal checks.......................................................................17


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5.6.4. Voluntary use ..........................................................................17

5.6.5. Air-supplied respirator hoses ..................................................17

5.7. USE, MAINTENANCE, AND CARE OF RESPIRATORS ..................... 18

5.7.1. Cleaning and disinfecting........................................................ 18

5.7.2. Inspection............................................................................... 185.7.3. Repair and maintenance ......................................................... 19

5.7.4. Storage ................................................................................... 19

5.8. BREATHING AIR QUALITY .............................................................20

5.8.1. Specifications .........................................................................20

5.8.2. Bottled air............................................................................... 20

5.8.3. Compressors........................................................................... 21

5.8.4. System Design......................................................................... 21

5.9. TRAINING AND INFORMATION...................................................... 22

5.10. PROGRAM EVALUATION ................................................................22

5.11. CONTRACT EMPLOYEES................................................................. 23

6. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS...............................................................23

6.1. SUPPORT RESOURCES ...................................................................23

6.2. MANAGEMENT RECORDS .............................................................. 23

6.2.1. Medical Evaluations................................................................ 23

6.2.2. Fit Testing............................................................................... 23

6.2.3. Written program .................................................................... 23

6.3. AUDIT REQUIREMENTS .................................................................24

6.4. STANDARD RENEWAL PROCESS ...................................................24

6.5. DEVIATION PROCESS .....................................................................24

6.6. TRAINING AND COMMUNICATIONS REQUIREMENTS.................. 24

6.7. CONTACT.........................................................................................24

APPENDICES ........................................................................................... 25

Appendix A Respirator program resources....................................... 25Appendix B Fit-testing procedures..................................................... 26

Appendix C User seal check.................................................................34


TABLE 1. RESPIRATOR SELECTION ........................................................ 35


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Document Issue

The Standard Respiratory Protective Equipment is issued by the Centre for Health, Safety &Environment Excellence (CHSEE), on behalf of Reliance Industries Limited management andform a part of the of Reliance Industries Limited HSE management system.

Name: ................................................................................................................................................

Signed: ..............................................................................................................................................


Date: ..................................................................................................................................................


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Abbreviations

RIL - Reliance Industries limited HSE - Health, Safety and Environment

CHSEE - Centre for Health, Safety and Environment Excellence GMS - Group Manufacturing Services ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers CES -Central Engineering Services ASME - American Standard for Mechanical Engineers CO - Carbon Monoxide


OSHA -Occupational Safety & Health Administration


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Introduction

In our facilities, hazards such as confined space and Oxygen deficient atmosphere exist atseveral places. Locations have standards and procedures in place to take care of these hazards.This standard Respiratory Protective Equipment provides guidelines for users andorganization to prevent incidents related to the above mentioned hazards and to create safe

working environment. This standard deals with air quality, medical checks of users and othernecessary information.

Intent and Purpose

This standard has been developed by an inter-site workgroup with guidance ofexperts from DuPont Safety Resources. The requirements which have beenidentified here are equally applicable across all locations and group companies.This will also help in bringing about a consistency in the process used across alllocations.

The Standard will help to provide a new impetus towards achieving the best inclass safety standards. This revision-0 release of the standard is formulatedbased on world class practices and with the help of DuPont Safety Resources.

Comments and feedback would be appreciated to further enhance this process.All such comments and feedback may be addressed [email protected]. The comments and feedback would beconsolidated and shall be used during the review and revision of future releases

1. Scope and field of application


1.1. ScopeThis standard provides mandatory requirements and advisory guidance for safeand effective management and use of respiratory protective equipment.Effectivemeasures shall be used to control airborne workplace hazards. Inherently saferdesign, substitution, isolation, enclosure, ventilation, and other engineeringmeasures are preferred.

Administrative and procedural measures are often essential to supportengineering measures. Personal protective equipment (PPE), includingrespirators, should be used to augment other control measures, whenappropriate, to help prevent potentially harmful exposures.

Businesses/Locations should be aware that local regulations might imposeconditions not reflected in this standard. Additional information on regulationscomes from a number of sources, including Statutory/Regulatory Documents.

While the intent of the Standards is to bring in homogeneity across allBusinesses / locations in the implementation of the standards, certain provisionsare kept to allow some latitude to the implementing locations. However, thoserequirements in this standard which are noted in italics are mandatory. Anyquestion regarding the interpretation of the standards in respect of mandatoryversus non mandatory should be referred to the Centre for HSE Excellence forclarification.


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1.2. Field of application

See RIL HSE Protocol, Corporate Policy .


2. ReferencesCorporate Policy

HSE Protocol

HSE Commitment

Responsible Care

Corporate Standard

Confined Space Entry

Interconnection of Process and Service Piping

Protection of Personnel from Toxic Gas Releases

Air Distribution System for Air Masks and Chemical Air Suits

Eye Protection

Other References

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) American NationalStandard for Respiratory Protection Z88.2 1992

ANSI/Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air,G-7.1-1989

National Fire Protection Association 600, Standard on Industrial FireBrigades

Breathing Air Test Kits

Medical Guidelines for Respirator Use, Health Standards/Guidelines,IHS (includes annual questionnaire)

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Respirator Guidance Documents

NIOSH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) List

Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Standard1910.134 and Company Compliance Advice

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection (U.S. sites only)

OSHA Respiratory Protection Advisor

OSHA Technical Manual Respiratory Protection Chapter


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Respirator Administrator Training

Respirator Cartridge Change Schedule Guidance

Respirator Manufacturer Web Sites

Written Respiratory Compliance Plan

3. Management ResponsibilitiesLine management in businesses, regions, and functions has the responsibility toimplement this standard, including providing sufficient occupational health resources.


4. DefinitionsAcceptableexposurelimits(AEL) occupational exposure limits set by Company.

Airlinerespirator a supplied-air respirator in which the respirable gas, usually air,

is supplied from a hose or breathing tube, rather than being carried by the wearer(formerly called supplied-air respirators).

Air-purifyingelement the cartridge, canister, or filter that removes contaminantsfrom the air.

Air-purifying respirator a respirator in which ambient air is cleaned by beingpassed through an air-purifying element by either the wearers breathing or by means ofa blower; can include full face mask, half mask and hood.

Air-supplied respirator a respirator in which the air is supplied via a breathingtube or hose (i.e., an airline respirator) or via a cylinder (self-contained breathing

apparatus); these respirators can include a full-face mask with an escape cylinder, a full-face mask, a hood or suit, and loose-fitting face-pieces.

Ambient air pump a motorized blower that supplies air in a continuous flow to arespirator without purifying it.

Assigned protection factor (APF) the expected workplace level of respiratoryprotection that would be provided by a properly functioning respirator or class ofrespirators to properly fitted and trained users (e.g., 10 times the OEL for a negative-pressure half mask).

Canister/cartridge a container with a filter, sorbent, catalyst, or a combination of

these items, that removes specific contaminants from the air passed through thecontainer.

Continuous flow respirator a supplied-air respirator that provides a continuousflow of respirable air to the respiratory inlet covering.

Demand respirator a supplied-air respirator that admits respirable air to the face-piece only when negative pressure is created inside the face-piece by inhalation.

End-of-service-life indicator a system that warns the user of the approaching endof adequate respiratory protection.


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Escape-only respirator a respirator approved only for use during emergency egressfrom a hazardous atmosphere; this includes five- to 15-minute self-contained breathingapparatuses (SCBAs).

Filter a component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols from theinspired air.

Filtering face-piece (dust mask) a negative-pressure particulate respirator with afilter as an integral part of the face-piece or with the entire face-piece composed of thefiltering medium.

Fit factor (FF) a quantitative measure of a particular respirators fit to a particularindividual (FF = concentration of challenge agent* [outside respirator]/concentration ofchallenge agent [inside respirator]).

*Challenge agent for the purpose of this standard may be described as an undesirablesubstance from which respiratory protection is required.

Fit test the use of a challenge agent to evaluate a respirators fit on an individual.

Hazard ratio (HR) a number obtained by dividing the concentration of acontaminant by its acceptable exposure limit (HR = contaminant concentration/AEL).

Helmet a hard shell that offers head protection against impact and penetration withor without a semi-elastic suspension to hold the shell comfortably over the head of thewearer. (See RIL standard for Protective Helmets)

Hood a respiratory inlet covering that completely covers the head and neck and maycover portions of the shoulders. Hoods may also provide head and eye protection. Ahood makes continuous contact with the wearer (e.g., with a tight neck seal or dam, or a

bib or shroud that is tucked in).

Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) any atmosphere that poses animmediate hazard to life; poses immediate, irreversible debilitating effects on health; orwould impair a persons ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. This standardconsiders oxygen-deficient atmospheres as being IDLH.

Loose-fitting face-piece a respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form apartial seal with the face. It does not cover the neck and shoulders and may or may notoffer head protection against impact and penetration.

Negative-pressure respirator a respirator in which the air pressure inside the

respiratory inlet covering is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient airpressure.

Occupational exposure limits (OELs) a generic term for an exposure limitestablished by any organization (e.g., Company AEL, ACGIH TLV, or regulatoryexposure limits) for use by trained occupational health personnel in the prevention ofhealth effects from excessive exposure to occupational hazards. Most OELs consist ofallowable airborne exposures over a specified time period.

Oxygen-deficient atmosphere an atmosphere containing less than 20.9 percentoxygen when the reason for the reduction is unknown or not controlled

- Any atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.


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Permissible exposure limit (PEL) occupational exposure limits set by OSHA forsites in the U.S. (Schedule 2 sets the PEL for materials under the Factories Act, 1948)

Positive-pressure respirator a respirator in which the pressure inside therespiratory inlet covering is normally positive with respect to the ambient air pressure.

Powered air-purifying respirator an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower toforce the ambient atmosphere through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering; theserespirators can include a half mask, full-face mask, or loose-fitting face-pieces, such as ahood or helmet.

Pressure-demand respirator a positive-pressure, supplied-air respirator thatadmits respirable gas to the face-piece when the positive pressure inside the face-piece isreduced by inhalation.

Qualitative fit test (QLFT) a pass/fail fit test that relies on the test subjectssensory response to detect the challenge agent.

Quantitative fit test (QNFT) a fit test that uses an instrument to measure thechallenge agent inside and outside the respirator.

Respiratory inlet covering the portion of a respirator that connects the wearersrespiratory tract to an air-purifying device, respirable gas source, or both. It may be aface-piece, helmet, hood, suit, or mouthpiece/nose clamp.

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) a supplied-air respirator in whichthe respirable gas source is carried by the wearer.

Service life the period of time that a respirator provides adequate protection to thewearer.

Sorbent a material that is contained in a cartridge or canister and removes specificgases and vapors from the inhaled air.

Supplied-air respirator (SAR) a respirator that supplies a respirable atmosphere,independent of the workplace atmosphere.

Tight-fitting face-piece a respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form acomplete seal with the face. A half face-piece (including quarter masks, disposablemasks, and masks with elastomeric face-pieces) covers the nose and mouth; a full face-piece covers the nose, mouth, and eyes.

User seal check a test conducted by the wearer to determine if the respirator isproperly seated to the face.

Warning properties refers to the ability of a gas or vapor to be detected by odor,taste, or irritation at concentrations below the occupational exposure limit.

5. Standard/guidelines


5.1. Respiratory protection programEach site where respirators are used shall develop and implement a writtenrespiratory protection program that includes worksite-specific procedures. The

following should be included as applicable:


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Responsibilities of the program administrator and others involved in the

program

Procedures for selecting respirators for use in the workplace Medical evaluations of employees who use respirators Fit-testing procedures for tight-fitting respirators Procedures for proper use of respirators in routine and reasonably

foreseeable emergency situations

Training of employees in the respiratory hazards to which they arepotentially exposed during routine and emergency situations

Training of employees in the proper use of respirators, including puttingthem on and removing them, understanding any limitations on their use,and maintaining them

Procedures and schedules for cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting,repairing, discarding, and otherwise maintaining respirators

Procedures for adequate air quality, quantity, and flow of breathing airfor supplied-air respirators

Procedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of the programNote: National regulations/Company Policy may require a written respiratorycompliance plan (see Section 2).

5.2. Respiratory program administratorEach location/site shall appoint a single person as the program administratorfor all users of Respiratory protective system. The administrator is responsiblefor establishing and maintaining the respirator program and overseeing anyparts of the program that are managed by other people (e.g., fit testing, training,or respirator maintenance). At larger sites, several people may act as programadministrators for separate production areas and should report to the singleadministrator for direction and guidance.

The administrator shall be trained and knowledgeable in the area ofrespiratory protection, including the provisions of local laws and regulations

concerning respiratory protection. The administrator should attend a respiratortraining course. In addition, the administrator should be a member of the sitesOccupational Health Committee (or its equivalent). The administrator shall keepupdated in current respirator issues, changes in technology, and regulations.

5.3. Selection of respirators


5.3.1. Approved equipmentRespirators that are approved or certified by national authorities(e.g., CE in Europe and NIOSH in the U.S.) shall be used. In countriesthat have no regulations on the use of approved respirators, NIOSH

(U.S.), CE (Europe), or other nationally certified respirators should beused, if available.


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5.3.2. Workplace hazards

Hazards in the workplace shall be identified and evaluated to enableproper respirator selection.

5.3.3. Hazard evaluation stepsThe following information must be determined to evaluate theworkplace hazard:

The potential for an oxygen-deficient environment (see Section5.3.6)

The contaminant(s) present in the workplace and their form (i.e.,gas, vapor, or aerosol); if an aerosol is present, its properties(e.g., how it is generated, the presence of oil, and an estimate ofparticle size)

The measured or estimated concentration of the contaminant(s)

The contaminants IDLH concentration (see Appendix A) The pertinent occupational exposure limit(s) for the

contaminant(s)

The known odor, taste, or irritation concentration if thecontaminant(s) is a gas or vapor

The hazard potential for the contaminant(s) to be absorbedthrough the skin, produce skin sensitization, or be irritating or

corrosive to the skin or eyes

The requirements of national or local regulations5.3.4. Respirator selection steps

Table 1 lists acceptable respirator for various hazards and exposures andmust be used. Some key criteria for Table 1 follow.

An atmosphere shall be considered IDLH/oxygen deficient, and arespirator for IDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheres shall beselected, if the atmosphere meets any of the following conditions:

o There is an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.o It is impossible to determine what potentially hazardous

contaminant may be present (e.g., fire fighting andemergency response).

o No occupational exposure limit or guideline is available,and estimates of the toxicity cannot be made.


o The measured or estimated concentration of thecontaminant(s) meets or exceeds a known IDLH/oxygen-

deficient value. (See NIOSH Immediately Dangerous toLife or Health [IDLH] List 1990 in Section 2 forguidance on IDLH/oxygen-deficient values.)


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The hazard ratio is the measured or estimated concentration of

each contaminant divided by the occupational exposure limit (i.e.,workplace exposure/exposure limit = hazard ratio). The collectionand evaluation of these data shall be done according to RILHazard identification standard and applicable statutoryregulations. When two or more substances are present, a

combined effect of exposure should be considered, rather thanconsidering each substance individually.A respirator that has anassigned protection factor greater than the value of the hazardratio shall be selected (see Table 1). The work being done, theenvironmental conditions, and the properties of the specificrespirator determine the respirator that is selected.

When feasible, a supplied-air respirator is recommended for usewhen the contaminant(s) is a gas or vapor that has poor warningproperties. When the use of supplied-air respirators is not feasible(e.g., the lack of a safe air supply or where these respirators wouldimpede worker mobility), air-purifying devices may be used.

A cartridge change schedule or end-of-service-life indicator shallbe required when using air-purifying respirators for protectionagainst gases or vapors (see Respirator Cartridge ChangeSchedule Guidance in Section 2). The most appropriate cartridgeshould be selected based on the contaminant to be encountered(consult the manufacturers information).

A 95 percent or higher efficiency filter (e.g., in the U.S., N-95, P-95; in Europe, P-1) is acceptable if an aerosol is mechanicallygenerated. The respirator manufacturers information should beconsulted for specific selection advice (see Respirator

Manufacturers Web Sites in Section 2).

When both aerosols and gases/vapors are present, a filter incombination with a chemical cartridge shall be selected.

If the material can be absorbed through the skin or is a skin or eyeirritant, other appropriate protective equipment (e.g., a chemicalprotective suit) that is compatible with the respirator to be usedshould be selected.

If a specific regulation exists for the contaminant, it shall befollowed when selecting a respirator.

5.3.5. Replacing air-purifying cartridges and filtersA schedule for replacing air-purifying elements shall be established.For filters, a schedule should be determined based on themanufacturers recommendations. As a minimum, employees should betrained to replace a filter if any increase in breathing resistance isnoted. For cartridges, see the guidance inAppendix A.


5.3.6. Oxygen deficiencyA space shall be considered oxygen deficient if either of the following

conditions is met:


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Oxygen is less than 20.9 percent and the reason for the reduction

is unknown or not controlled.

Oxygen is less than 19.5 percent by volume. All oxygen-deficient atmospheres shall be considered IDLH.

5.3.7. Respirators for IDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheresOnly a full face-piece, pressure-demand (i.e., positive-pressure) SCBAor a combination full face-piece, pressure-demand, supplied-airrespirator (SAR) with auxiliary self-contained air supply shall beused. SCBAs shall operate in the pressure-demand mode only.

SCBA rated for at least a 30-minute operating time shall be used forentry into potentially IDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Five-minute and 15-minute SCBA shall be used for emergency escape only.

They shall not be used for reentry or for work.

5.3.8. Procedures for IDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheresThe following procedures shall be used for all IDLH/oxygen-deficientatmospheres (also see NFPA 600 for additional mandatoryrequirements regarding emergency response and fire fighting):

At least one employee or enough to affect a rescue shall belocated outside the IDLH/oxygen- deficient atmosphere.

Visual, voice, or signal line communication shall be maintainedbetween the employee(s) in the IDLH/oxygen-deficientatmosphere and the employee(s) located outside theIDLH/oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

The employee(s) located outside the IDLH/oxygen-deficientatmosphere shall be trained and equipped to provide effectiveemergency rescue.

Employee(s) located outside the IDLH/oxygen-deficientatmosphere shall be equipped with the following:

o Pressure-demand or other positive-pressure SCBA or apressure-demand or other positive-pressure SAR withauxiliary SCBA

o Appropriate retrieval equipment for removing theemployee(s) who enter(s) the hazardous atmosphere

o


5.3.9. Escape-only respiratorsRespirators that are provided for escape only shall be certified forescape from the atmosphere in which they are to be used. They shallnot be used for reentry or work. Users must be trained in the use and

limitations of escape-only respirators. Medical approval is notmandatory for escape-only respirators. Fit testing is not required unless


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recommended by the manufacturer.

5.4. Medical evaluationMedical approval shall be obtained before individuals first use respirators(including during fit testing) and periodically thereafter. See Section 5.6.4 for

exceptions for voluntary use of respirators. Refer Medical Guidelines forRespirator Use, Health Standards/Guidelines, IHS section 2 and regionalmedical guidelines for medical approval guidance.

5.5. Fit testing5.5.1. General

Each employee using a negative-pressure respirator for any task orusing a tight-fitting positive pressure respirator for emergencysituations shall be fit tested using a QLFT or QNFT (see Table 1 forspecific details). This mandatory requirement applies to filtering face-

pieces (dust masks) unless their use is only voluntary.

OSHA regulations (applicable only in U.S.) also mandate that alltight-fitting, positive-pressure face-pieces shall be fit tested.

Fit testing shall be performed before the respirator is used and shall berepeated annually. A fit test must be passed for each size of each brandand style or model of respirator face-piece to be used by the employee. Employees who determine that the fit of the respirator is unacceptableshould be allowed to choose another respirator. Irritant smoke shallnot be used for fit testing due to its potential toxicity. The fit-testprocedures listed in Appendix B shall be used.

5.5.2. Fit testing positive-pressure respirator face-piecesTight-fitting supplied-air respirators and tight-fitting powered air-purifying respirators shall be fit tested by performing quantitative orqualitative fit testing in the negative-pressure mode, regardless of theoperation mode (i.e., negative- or positive-pressure) used forrespiratory protection. These respirators are fit tested by temporarilyconverting the respirator users actual face-piece into a negative-pressure respirator with appropriate filters, or by using an identicalnegative-pressure, air-purifying respirator face-piece with the samesealing surfaces as a surrogate for the supplied-air or powered air-

purifying respirator face-piece. If quantitative fit testing is used, a fitfactor of 500 shall be required for full face-pieces.

5.6. Special respirator issues


5.6.1. Facial hairPersonnel shall only be permitted to wear a tight-fitting respirator iffacial hair or razor stubble do not come between the sealing surface ofthe face-piece and the face and do not interfere with valve function.Facial hair may not be present where the respirator inlet coveringcontacts the face. Goatee beards shall not be allowed with any tight-

fitting respirator. A small mustache that does not touch the sealingsurface of the respirator would be considered acceptable.


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A no facial hair policy can be effectively and fairly enforced bydetermining respirator jobs, potential exposures, and the respiratorsused. Respirator jobs include both normal assignments and potentialemergency response activities (e.g., a process operator who regularlytakes process samples may, in an emergency, be expected to enterIDLH/oxygen-deficient atmospheres).

Emergency response activities may involve rescuing downed personnel,closing process valves during emergencies, or manning a control roomduring process upsets. Any of these activities could involveIDLH/oxygen-deficient or expected IDLH/oxygen-deficient situations.

Note: An airline hood or powered air-purifying respirator equippedwith a hood could be used where a half mask is used.

5.6.2. Glasses and gogglesSafety glasses and other PPE (e.g., goggles and face shield) shall be

worn in a manner that does not interfere with the seal of the face-pieceto the face of the user. Full-face masks have been developed withsystems for mounting corrective lenses inside the face-piece. Themanufacturer can provide additional information. Contact lenses maybe used with respirators as long as the provisions of Company HSEStandard for Eye Protection are followed.

5.6.3. User seal checksThe respirator wearer shall perform a user seal check using theprocedures in Appendix C or other procedures recommended by therespirator manufacturer each time the respirator is put on.

5.6.4. Voluntary useIf a filtering face-piece (dust mask) is provided at the desire of workers(e.g., for use while sweeping nuisance dust) when exposure levels arebelow permissible limits, the respirator program administrator maychoose to make their use voluntary. When respirator use is voluntary,fit testing is not mandatory, and facial hair in the seal area may beallowed if no foreseeable condition could cause exposure limits to beexceeded. Medical approval is not required for voluntary use offiltering face-piece respirators, but it shall be obtained for other typesof respirators used voluntarily. Voluntary use situations must be

clearly separated from situations where respirator use is mandated.Training must still be done for personnel using respirators voluntarilyto help ensure they understand their limitations. The rationale forclassifying a situation as voluntary respirator use must bedocumented.


5.6.5. Air-supplied respirator hosesIf an airline respirator is to be used, hoses should be selected that canresist the chemicals to which they may be exposed. Only hosesapproved for that respirator shall be used. Because airline units arecertified /approved as a complete unit, no substitutions shall beallowed, as this voids the respirator approval.


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5.7. Use, maintenance, and care of respirators

Respirators shall be donned and worn when required in accordance withtraining and the manufacturers directions. Respirators shall be cleaned,disinfected, inspected, repaired, maintained, and stored using the proceduresrecommended by the respirator manufacturer or equivalent.

5.7.1. Cleaning and disinfectingRespirators shall be cleaned and disinfected according to themanufacturers instructions at the following intervals:

Respirators issued for the exclusive use of an employee shall becleaned and disinfected as often as appropriate to maintain themin a sanitary condition.

Respirators issued to more than one employee shall be cleanedand disinfected before a different individual wears them.

Respirators maintained for emergency use shall be cleaned anddisinfected after each use.

Respirators used in fit testing and training shall be cleaned anddisinfected (sanitary wipes are acceptable for this) after each use

Respirators should be wiped clean after each use using a damp, lint-freecloth or a sanitary wipe.

5.7.2. InspectionRespirators shall be inspected as follows:

All respirators used in routine situations shall be inspectedbefore each use and during cleaning.

All respirators maintained for use in emergencies shall bechecked for proper function before and after each use. Inaddition, respirators that are stored in a work area shall beinspected at least monthly and in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations.

Emergency-escape-only respirators that are stored outside thework area and are carried into the work area (e.g., an escaperespirator handed to a visitor for escape from a chlorine release)shall be inspected before they are carried into the workplace foruse. The monthly inspection may be waived.

SCBA shall be inspected monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shallbe maintained in a fully charged state and shall be rechargedwhen the pressure falls to 90 percent of the manufacturersrecommended pressure level. The inspection procedure shallfollow the manufacturers instruction and include adetermination that the regulator and warning devices functionproperly.


For respirators maintained for emergency use, a monthly inspection


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that includes the following shall be done:

Document the date the inspection was performed, the name (andsignature) of the person who made the inspection, the findings,the corrective action taken, and a serial number or other meansof identifying the inspected respirator.

Provide this information on a tag or label attached to therespirators storage compartment, kept with the respirator, orincluded in inspection reports stored as paper or electronic files.

This information shall be maintained until it is replaced following asubsequent certification.

5.7.3. Repair and maintenanceRespirators that fail an inspection or are otherwise found to bedefective shall be removed from service and either discarded,

repaired, or adjusted in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions.

Only personnel appropriately trained to repair or adjust respiratorsshall perform such operations, and they shall only use the respiratormanufacturers approved parts designed for the respirator.

Repairs shall be made according to the manufacturersrecommendations and specifications for the type and extent of repairsto be performed.

Only the manufacturer or a technician trained or certified by the

manufacturer shall adjust or repair reducing valves, admissionvalves, regulators, and alarms.

5.7.4. StorageAll respirators and spare cartridges and filters shall be stored toprotect them from damage, contamination, dust, sunlight, extremetemperatures, excessive moisture, and damaging chemicals. Theyshall be packed or stored to prevent the face-piece and exhalationvalve from being deformed.

Some cartridges and filters have a limited shelf life, which is usually

marked on the package. This limit must be enforced to help ensureproper function. Emergency respirators shall be

Kept accessible to the work area. Stored in compartments or in covers that are clearly marked as

containing emergency respirators.

Stored in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.


Negative-pressure respirators should be stored in a sealable bag or boxin a designated location.


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5.8. Breathing air quality

5.8.1. SpecificationsCompressed breathing air shall meet the Grade D breathing aircriteria, which are listed in Table 2. If local regulations (or Company

Standards) are more stringent, they shall supersede the Grade Dcriteria.

Table 2. Mandatory air quality requirements for compressedbreathing air (from ANSI/CGA G-7.1 [1989])

Gas Breathing air analysis

Oxygen (O2) 19.5% min to 23.5% max

Carbon monoxide (CO) 10 ppm max

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1,000 ppm max

Hydrocarbons (condensed) 5 mg/m3

H2O (water) Dew point less than the lowest probable

N2 (nitrogen) temperature to be encountered Balance

Odor Free of pronounced odors


5.8.2. Bottled airWhen bottled breathing air is provided by an off-site vendor, thesupplier should be consulted or visited to determine the method usedfor producing the air (i.e., reconstitution or compression), thepossibilities for air contamination or incorrect cylinder labeling, andthe adequacy of the vendors quality control program. Annual contactsshould be made to confirm that equipment and procedures have notchanged.

Vendors shall provide a certificate of analysis that the breathing airmeets the mandatory requirements for Grade D breathing air and thatthe moisture content in the cylinder does not exceed a dew point of -50F (-45.6C) at 1 atmosphere pressure (see ANSI/Compressed GasAssociation Commodity Specification for Air, G-7.1-1989 in Section2). After the bottled air is received at the site, it shall be analyzed asdescribed inTable 3.


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Table 3. Periodic mandatory air sampling analysis forpurchased breathing respirable gas (from ANSI Z88.2 [1992])

Method of preparation Analysis

Compression supplier doesnot fill cylinders with anyother gases (i.e., supplieronly sells breathing air).

Check 10% of cylinders from each lot for ppmCO and odor.

Compression supplier fillscylinders with gases otherthan breathing air.

Analyze all cylinders for percent oxygen.Check 10% of cylinders from each lot for ppmCO and odor.

Reconstitution (notrecommended).

Analyze all cylinders for percent oxygen.Check 10% of cylinders from each lot for ppmCO and odor.

5.8.3. CompressorsAir compressors for new breathing-air systems shall be non-lubricated. Any lubricated compressors used in existing systems forbreathing air shall have carbon monoxide and high-temperaturealarms. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be maintained and calibrationperformed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Themaintenance and calibration shall be documented.

The dew point at 1 atmosphere pressure shall be 10F (5.56C)below the ambient temperature.

If sorbent beds and filters are included in the system, they shallbe maintained and replaced or refurbished periodicallyfollowing the manufacturers instructions. A tag shall bemaintained at the compressor containing the most recent changedate and the signature of the person who performed the change.

Before use and periodically (e.g., quarterly to annually), the airfrom a compressor shall be analyzed to confirm it meets themandatory requirements of Grade D breathing air (seeBreathing Air Test Kits. This analysis shall be documented.

5.8.4. System DesignSystem design considerations should include the following:

Piping, fittings, and connectors for piped breathing air systemsfrom plant air compressors or a cascade bottle system shall be inaccordance with Company HSE Standards RIL Air DistributionSystem for Air Mask and Chemical Air Suits and RIL Servicesand Process Interconnections.


Lines shall be identified as breathing air. Manifold stationconnectors shall be dedicated for breathing air purposes and

shall be incompatible with other connectors used on the plant.Dedicated breathing air systems are preferred.


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In new construction, breathing air shall only come from

dedicated systems, and there shall be no interconnection ofbreathing air systems to process systems or other air systems.

In existing systems where the same compressor or air receiverprovides both breathing air and process air (i.e., instrument or

plant), safeguards must be provided to prevent the breathing airfrom becoming contaminated if system failure (e.g., suckback)occurs. (See Company HSE Standards RIL Air DistributionSystem for Air Mask and Chemical Air Suits and RIL Servicesand Process Interconnections for more information.) There shallbe no tee-ins or cross connections with site process lines. Onlyrespirable air shall serve as backup for systems used forbreathing air; nitrogen shall not be used.

5.9. Training and informationEmployees must be trained before their initial use of a respirator; they must

receive training annually thereafter (including those employees whovoluntarily use respirators). This training should include information about

Why the respirator is used and how improper fit, use, or maintenance cancompromise the respirators protective effect.

What the respirators limitations and capabilities are? How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including

situations in which the respirator malfunctions.

How to inspect, put on, remove, and use the respirator and check itsseals.

How to clean, sanitize, maintain, and store the respirator. How to make simple adjustments to the respirator or replace its

cartridges or other user-replaceable components.

Caution! The respir ator must never be altered beyond making simpleadjustments in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions.

How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or preventthe effective use of respirators.

Note: Individuals must have current approval from Medical prior to being fittested (see Section 5.4). People who may use an SCBA (i.e., those with a 30-minute or greater air supply) in an emergency shall practice putting on theequipment as often as appropriate to maintain their proficiency (semiannuallyat a minimum). Personnel who use escape-only units (e.g., five-minuteemergency life support apparatus [ELSA]) must be trained so they understandthe limitations and use of the unit.


5.10. Program EvaluationThe workplace shall be evaluated to help ensure that the provisions of the

current written program are being effectively implemented and that theprogram continues to be effective. The employer should regularly consult


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employees who use respirators to assess the employees views on programeffectiveness and to identify any problems. Any problems that are identifiedduring this assessment should be corrected.

5.11. Contract EmployeesWhere non-Company employees use respirators, they should have their ownprogram that is consistent with the Company program. However, there may besituations where the site elects to provide respirators for contract employeesbased on the contractual agreement. In these cases, all site mandatoryrespirator requirements must be followed. In situations where contractorprovides respirators to his employees and doesnt have its own program,Company standard (viz., RIL Respiratory Protective Equipments) shall be fullyapplicable.

6. Management Systems6.1. Support Resources

Site HSE and Centre for HSE Excellence resources are available to assist withimplementation of this standard.

6.2. Management RecordsRecords shall be retained in compliance with the Corporate Records andInformation Management Program.

6.2.1. Medical EvaluationsMedical records shall be maintained in accordance with the Companyand regulatory requirements.

6.2.2. Fit TestingA record of the qualitative and quantitative fit tests shall include thefollowing information:

The name and identification of the employee tested The name and identification of the person who performed the Fit

Test.

Type of fit test performed Specific make, model, style, and size of respirator tested Date of test The pass/fail results for QLFTs or the fit factor and strip chart

recording or other recording of the test results for QNFTs

Records shall be kept for three years.


6.2.3. Written programA written copy of the current respirator program shall be maintained


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(see Section 5.1).

6.3. Audit RequirementsRespiratory protection must be covered in first-party and second-party HSEaudits to help ensure compliance with site and corporate standards and

regulations.

6.4. Standard renewal processThis standard shall be reviewed and revised as necessary and, at a minimum,not later than five years from the date of the last revision.

6.5. Deviation processDeviations from this standard must be authorized by the Location LineManagement Chief (Site Chief for Manufacturing Site) after consultation withthe Centre for HSE Excellence (CHSEE) and non-objection from the company

Apex HSE committee. Deviations must be documented, and documentationmust include the relevant facts supporting the deviation decision. Deviationauthorization must be renewed periodically and no less frequently than everythree years.

Emergency deviations must be authorized by the Location Line ManagementChief (Site Chief for Manufacturing Site) when, as a result of an unforeseenevent or situation, there is inadequate time to process a formal deviation.Emergency deviations shall be authorized only where it is not feasible tocomply with a requirement in this standard. Emergency deviations shall beshort in duration, not to exceed the time to perform the task at hand. Centre forHSE Excellence shall be consulted. The deviation must be documented.

The documentation must include the relevant facts supporting the deviationdecision and the interim measures to be put in place to achieve acceptable levelsof HSE protection. A copy of the deviation must be sent to Centre for HSEExcellence (CHSEE).

6.6. Training and communications requirementsEach location must be familiar with this standard to carry out itsresponsibilities. Training is the responsibility of each location/ site.

The respirator program administrator and other personnel with respirator

program responsibilities shall have completed training to perform their jobscompetently. This shall include a formal training course in respiratorprotection for the administrator and manufacturers certification for breathingair and SCBA technicians. Users shall be trained according to Section 5.9.

In the event that interpretation or clarification is needed, questions shall bedirected to the respective business /location HSE manager or the Centre forHSE Excellence.


6.7. ContactThe contact for this document is the Centre for HSE Excellence.


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Appendices

Appendix A Respirator program resources

Note:

The sections of this appendix are numbered to match the corresponding sections of the body of

the standardA.5.2 Program administrator

The program administrator should attend an approved course on respiratory protection. Forexample, the University of North Carolina sponsors a recommended course (see RespiratorAdministrator Training in Section 2). There are equivalent programs also available.

A.5.3 Respirator selection

Several manufacturers publish selection guides that provide useful information on chemicalproperties, odor thresholds, and other information. These guides should be used with cautionbecause the decisions published in them are for specific sets of circumstances.

IDLH/oxygen-deficient values can sometimes be found in suppliers Material Safety Data

Sheets. NIOSH has published lists; however, the 1990 IDLH list should be used (see NIOSHImmediately Dangerous to Life or Health [IDLH] List 1990 in Section 2) because the newerversions are based on criteria that have not been widely accepted.

Numerous grades of filters are approved by various government agencies. The testspecifications and conditions vary. The respirator manufacturer is the best source ofinformation on filter selection. Generally, the lowest-grade filter is appropriate for any aerosolthat is generated by mechanical action.

A.5.3.5 Cartridge replacement schedules


Manufacturers provide information on the performance of their cartridges either with softwareprograms that predict service life or with data listings. Contact the manufacturer of the

cartridge to obtain the information. Respirator Cartridge Change Schedule Guidance inSection 2 provides additional information.


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Appendix B Fit-testing procedures

Section 5.5.1 mandates that the fit-testing procedures in this appendix shall be used.

B.1 General Steps

1. Verify that the individual being fit tested has current medical approval.2. Ask the person being fit tested (i.e., the test subject) to select a respirator that fits correctlyfrom a selection of acceptable respirator models and sizes.3. Show the test subject how to put on a respirator, how to position it, how to set the strap

tension, and how to determine if it fits acceptably. (A mirror is helpful for evaluating therespirators fit and positioning.)

4. Tell the test subject to hold each chosen face-piece up to the face and eliminate those thatobviously give an unacceptable fit. The more acceptable face-pieces should be noted in casethe one selected proves unacceptable.

5. The most comfortable mask should be put on and worn at least five minutes to assess itscomfort.

6. Review the following points with the test subject and allow him or her adequate time todetermine the comfort of the respirator: Position of the mask on the nose Room for eye protection Room to talk Position of mask on face and cheeks

7. Use the following criteria to help determine the adequacy of the respirator fit: Chin properly placed Adequate strap tension, not overly tightened Fit across nose bridge Respirator of proper size to span distance from nose to chin Tendency of respirator to slip Self-observation in mirror to evaluate fit and respirator position

8. Tell the test subject to seat the mask on the face by moving the head slowly from side to sideand up and down while taking in a few slow, deep breaths. Conduct the negative- or positivepressure seal check, preferably both, as described inAppendix C. Select and retest anotherface-piece if the original face-piece fails the user seal-check tests.

9. Do not conduct fit testing if the test subject has any hair growth between the skin and theface-piece sealing surface (e.g., stubble beard growth, beard, mustache, or sideburns thatcross the respirator sealing surface). Remove or alter any type of apparel that interfereswith a satisfactory fit.

10.Give the test subject the opportunity to select a different respirator if the original respiratorfit is unacceptable. Retest the new respirator.

11. Describe the fit test and exercises to the test subject before the test begins. The respirator isworn for at least five minutes before the test begins.

12.Instruct the test subject to wear any safety equipment that may be worn during actualrespirator use and that could interfere with the respirators fit.


13.The test subject performs the following exercises for all fit-testing methods described in thisappendix, except for the controlled negative-pressure (CNP) method. The CNP protocoldescribes separate fit-testing exercises. Instruct the test subject to perform each of the


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following exercises for 60 seconds. (The grimace exercise is performed for only 15 seconds.)

Breathe normally Stand and breathe normally, without talking. Breathe deeply Stand and breathe slowly and deeply, avoiding hyperventilation. Turn head from side to side stand and slowly turn head from side to side. Hold

head at each extreme momentarily and take a breath.

Move head up and down Stand and slowly move head up and down. Inhale whilelooking straight up.

Talk Speak slowly and loudly (i.e., so the test conductor can hear). Read from aprepared text (e.g., the Rainbow Passage printed below), count backward from 100, orrecite a memorized poem or song.

Rainbow Passage when the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prismand form a rainbow. The rainbow is a division of white light into many beautiful colors.These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path high above, and its two endsapparently beyond the horizon. There is, according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at oneend. People look, but no one ever finds it. When a man looks for something beyond

reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. Grimace Grimace, smile, or frown for QNFT testing. QLFT test subjects do not

perform this step.

Bend over Touch toes. Jog in place instead if the test environment does not permitbending at the waist (e.g., shroud-type QNFT or QLFT units).

Breathe normally Stand and breathe normally, without talking.14.Question the test subject about the comfort of the respirator. Try another model if the

respirator has become uncomfortable. The fit test is void if the respirator is adjusted afterthe exercises have begun.

B.2 Qualitative fit test (QLFT) protocols

B.2.1 Isoamyl acetate (IAA) protocol

Note: Do not use this procedure for fit testing particulate respirators unless the respiratoris equipped with an organic vapor filter.

B.2.1.1 Odor threshold screening

Odor threshold screening, performed without wearing a respirator, is intended todetermine if the test subject can detect the odor of IAA at low levels.

1. Use three 1-qt (1-liter) glass jars with metal lids.2. Use odor-free water (e.g., distilled or spring water) at approximately 77F (25C)

for the solutions.

3. Prepare the IAA stock solution by adding 1 ml of pure IAA to 800 ml of odor-freewater in a 1- qt (1-liter) jar, closing the lid, and shaking for 30 seconds. Prepare anew solution at least weekly.

4. Conduct the screening test in a room separate from the room used for the actualfit testing. Prevent the IAA odor from becoming evident in the room air wherethe testing takes place by ventilating the two rooms well.

5. Prepare the odor test solution in a second jar by placing 0.4 ml of the stocksolution into 500 ml of odor-free water using a clean dropper or pipette. Shakethe solution for 30 seconds and allow it to stand for two to three minutes so thatthe IAA concentration above the liquid can equilibrate. Use this solution for only

one day.


6. Prepare a test blank in a third jar by adding 500 ml of odor-free water.


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7. Label the odor test and test blank jar lids (e.g., 1 and 2) for jar identification.

Place the labels on the lids so that they can be peeled off periodically andswitched to maintain the integrity of the test.

8. Type the following instructions on a card and place them on the table in front ofthe two test jars:

The purpose of this test is to determine if you can smell banana oil at a lowconcentration. The two bottles in front of you contain water. One of these bottlesalso contains a small amount of banana oil. Be sure the covers are on tight; thenshake each bottle for two seconds. Unscrew the lid of each bottle, one at a time,and sniff at the mouth of the bottle. Indicate to the test conductor which bottlecontains banana oil.

Prepare the mixtures used in the IAA odor-detection test in an area separatefrom where the test is performed to prevent oil factory fatigue in the test subject.

9. Do not perform the IAA qualitative fit test if the test subject is unable to correctlyidentify the jar containing the odor test solution.

10.Test subjects who correctly identify the jar containing the odor test solution mayproceed to respirator selection and fit testing.

B.2.1.2 Isoamyl acetate fit test

1. Create a fit-test chamber by using a clear 55-gal (200-L) drum liner inverted andsuspended over a 2-ft (60-cm) diameter frame so that the top of the chamber isabout 6 in. (15 cm) above the test subjects head. If a drum liner is not available,construct a similar chamber using plastic sheeting. Attach a small hook to theinside top center of the chamber.

2. Equip each respirator used for fit testing with organic vapor cartridges or thosethat protect against organic vapors.

3. The test subject selects, puts on, and properly adjusts a respirator, then wears itto the fit-testing room, which is separate from the room used for odor thresholdscreening and respirator selection. Prevent general room contamination byventilating the fit-testing room with an exhaust fan or lab hood.

4. Tape a copy of the test exercises and any prepared text from which the testsubject is to read to the inside of the test chamber.

5. When the test subject is in the test chamber, give him or her a 6-in. by 5-in. (15-cm by 13-cm) piece of paper towel or other porous, absorbent, single-plymaterial, folded in half and wetted with 0.75 ml of pure IAA. Instruct the testsubject to hang the towel on the hook at the top of the chamber.

6. Wait two minutes for the IAA test concentration to stabilize before starting thefit-test exercises. Explain the fit test and the purpose of the test exercises to thetest subject and the importance of his or her cooperation. Demonstrate the testexercises, if appropriate.

7. If the test subject detects the banana-like odor of IAA at any time during the test,the test is failed. If the test is failed, instruct the test subject to quickly exit thetest chamber and return to the selection room before removing the respirator.

8. Have the test subject repeat the odor-sensitivity test, select and put on anotherrespirator, return to the test area, and begin the fit-test procedure described inSteps 1 through 7. Continue this process until a respirator that fits is found. Testsubjects who fail the sensitivity test should wait at least five minutes before theyare retested; odor sensitivity usually returns by this time.


9. Instruct test subjects who pass the test to demonstrate the efficiency of the testprocedure by breaking the respirator face seal and taking a breath before exiting


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the chamber.

10.Instruct the test subject to remove the saturated towel when leaving the chamberand return it to the test conductor to prevent significant IAA concentrationbuild-up in the chamber during subsequent tests. Keep used towels in a self-sealing plastic bag to prevent test-area contamination.

B.2.1.3 Saccharin solution aerosol protocolExplain the entire screening and testing procedure to the test subject beforebeginning the screening test.

Taste-threshold screening

The saccharin taste threshold screening, which is performed without a respirator,determines whether test subject can detect the taste of saccharin. A number ofrespirator manufacturers produce test kits. It is recommended that a test kit be usedfor this screening.

1. Test subjects wear a test enclosure about their head and shoulders duringthreshold screening and fit testing. The enclosures diameter should be

approximately 12 in. (30 cm); its height should be 14 in. (36 cm). The frontportion should be clear, and it should allow test subjects wearing a respirator tomove their head freely (e.g., 3M hood assembly, parts FT 14 and FT 15combined).

2. Instruct the test subject to put on the test enclosure and breathe through his orher slightly open mouth, tongue extended, throughout the test. Instruct the testsubject to report if the sweet taste of saccharin is detected.

3. Using a nebulizer (e.g., DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizer orequivalent), spray the threshold check solution into the enclosure. Direct thenozzle away from the test subjects nose and mouth. Clearly mark this nebulizerto distinguish it from the fit-test solution nebulizer.

4. Squeeze the nebulizer bulb so that it collapses completely. Release it and allow itto fully expand. Do this 10 times.

5. If the test subject says he or she tastes saccharin, then the test is completed. Thetaste threshold is noted as 10 regardless of the number of squeezes actuallycompleted.

6. If the test subject says he or she does not taste saccharin, squeeze the bulb 10more times.


8. If the test subject says he or she does not taste saccharin, squeeze the bulb 10more times.


10.Note the number of squeezes that solicit a taste response.11. If the test subject says he or she does not taste saccharin after 30 squeezes, the

test subject is unable to taste saccharin and may not perform the saccharin fittest.


12.Ask the test subjects in whom a taste response is elicited to take note of the tastefor reference in the fit test.


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13.Nebulizers use approximately 1 ml of liquid at a time in the nebulizer body when

they are used correctly.

14.Thoroughly rinse the nebulizer in water, shake it dry, and refill it at least eachmorning and afternoon or at least every four hours.

Saccharin solution aerosol fit-test procedure

1. Instruct the test subject not to eat, drink (except plain water), smoke, or chewgum for15 minutes before the test.

2. Use the enclosure described in the taste threshold screening.3. Instruct the test subject to put on the enclosure while wearing the properly

adjusted respirator selected earlier. Equip the respirator with a particulatefilter(s).

4. Use a second nebulizer (e.g., DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation MedicationNebulizer or equivalent) to spray the fit-test solution into the enclosure. Clearlymark this nebulizer to distinguish it from the one used for the screening test.

5. Instruct the test subject to put on the test enclosure and breathe through his orher slightly open mouth, tongue extended, throughout the test. Instruct the testsubject to report if the sweet taste of saccharin is detected.

6. Insert the nebulizer into the hole in the front of the enclosure. Spray an initialconcentration of saccharin fit-test solution into the enclosure using the samenumber of squeezes (i.e., 10, 20, or 30) that elicited a taste response during thescreening test. Ten is the minimum number of squeezes.

7. Instruct the test subject to perform the above exercises after the aerosol has beengenerated.

8. Replenish the aerosol concentration every 30 seconds using one-half the originalnumber of squeezes used initially (i.e., 5, 10, or 15).

9. If the subject does not report tasting saccharin, then the test is passed.10.If the test subject says he or she tastes saccharin at any time during the test, then

the fit is deemed unsatisfactory and the test is failed. Try a different respirator,and repeat the entire test procedure (i.e., taste-threshold screening and fittesting).

11. Periodically check the nebulizer for clogging. The test is invalid if the nebulizer isclogged at the end of the test session.

12.Instruct test subjects who pass the test to demonstrate the efficiency of the testprocedure by breaking the respirator face seal and taking a breath before exitingthe chamber.

B.2.1.4 Bitrex1 (denatonium benzoate) solution aerosol qualitative fit testprotocol

The Bitrex solution aerosol QLFT protocol uses the published saccharin test. Explainthe screening and testing procedure to the person being fit tested before thescreening test begins.

Taste-threshold screening

The Bitrex taste-threshold screening is performed without wearing a respirator. It isintended to determine whether the individual being tested can detect the taste ofBitrex. A number of respirator manufacturers produce test kits. It is recommendedthat a test kit be used for this screening.


1. Test subjects wear a test enclosure about their head and shoulders duringthreshold screening and fit testing. The enclosures diameter should be


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approximately 12 in. (30 cm); its height should be 14 in. (36 cm). The frontportion should be clear, and it should allow test subjects wearing a respirator tomove their head freely (e.g., 3M hood assembly, parts FT 14 and FT 15combined).

2. Instruct the test subject to put on the test enclosure and breathe through his orher slightly open mouth, tongue extended, throughout the test. Instruct the test

subject to report if a bitter taste is detected.

3. Using a nebulizer (e.g., DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizer orequivalent), spray the threshold check solution into the enclosure. Direct thenozzle away from the test subjects nose and mouth. Clearly mark this nebulizerto distinguish it from the fit-test solution nebulizer.

4. Squeeze the nebulizer bulb so that it collapses completely. Release it and allow itto fully expand. Do this 10 times.

5. If the test subject says he or she tastes Bitrex, then the test is completed. Thetaste threshold is noted as 10 regardless of the number of squeezes actuallycompleted.

6. If the test subject says he or she does not taste Bitrex, squeeze the bulb 10 moretimes.


8. If the test subject says he or she does not taste Bitrex, squeeze the bulb 10 moretimes.


10.Note the number of squeezes that solicit a taste response.1Bitrex is a registered trademark of McFarlan Smith Limited.

11. If the test subject says he or she does not taste Bitrex after 30 squeezes, the testsubject is unable to taste Bitrex and may not perform the Bitrex fit test.

12.Ask the test subjects in whom a taste response is elicited to take note of the tastefor reference in the fit test.

13.Nebulizers use approximately 1 ml of liquid at a time in the nebulizer body whenthey are used correctly.

14.Thoroughly rinse the nebulizer in water, shake it dry, and refill it at least eachmorning and afternoon or at least every four hours.

Bitrex solution aerosol fit-test procedure

1. Instruct the test subject not to eat, drink (except plain water), smoke, or chewgum for15 minutes before the test.

2. Use the enclosure described in the taste threshold screening.3. Instruct the test subject to put on the enclosure while wearing the properly

adjusted respirator selected earlier. Equip the respirator with a particulatefilter(s).

4. Use a second nebulizer (e.g., DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation MedicationNebulizer or equivalent) to spray the fit-test solution into the enclosure. Clearly

mark this nebulizer to distinguish it from the one used for the screening test.


5. Instruct the test subject to put on the test enclosure and breathe through his or


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her slightly open mouth, tongue extended, throughout the test. Instruct the testsubject to report if the bitter taste of Bitrex is detected.

6. Insert the nebulizer into the hole in the front of the enclosure. Spray an initialconcentration of Bitrex fit-test solution into the enclosure using the samenumber of squeezes (i.e., 10, 20, or 30) that elicited a taste response during thescreening test. Ten is the minimum number of squeezes.

7. Instruct the test subject to perform the above exercises after the aerosol has beengenerated.

8. Replenish the aerosol concentration every 30 seconds using one-half the originalnumber of squeezes used initially (i.e., 5, 10, or 15).

9. If the subject does not report tasting Bitrex, then the test is passed.10.If the test subject says he or she tastes Bitrex at any time during the test, then the

fit is deemed unsatisfactory and the test is failed. Try a different respirator, andrepeat the entire test procedure (i.e., taste-threshold screening and fit testing).

11. Periodically check the nebulizer for clogging. The test is invalid if the nebulizer isclogged at the end of the test session.

12.Instruct test subjects who pass the test to demonstrate the efficiency of the testprocedure by breaking the respirator face seal and taking a breath before exitingthe chamber.

B.3 QNFT

The general guidance provided below is supplemented by the QNFT equipment manufacturersprocedures.

B.3.1 Generated aerosol quantitative fit testing

These apparatuses use an aerosol generator, photometer, and a testing chamber tomeasure fit factors. Follow the equipment manufacturers instructions for start-up,calibration, and fit factor measurement.

When testing air-purifying respirators, replace the normal filter or cartridge element with ahigh-efficiency particulate air (HEPA), P100, or P3 filter supplied by the samemanufacturer. Position the in-mask sampling device (i.e., probe) so that the air sample isdrawn from the breathing zone of the person being fit tested, midway between the noseand mouth and with the probe extending into the face-piece cavity at least 0.25 in. (0.64cm).

Calculating the overall fit factor using individual exercise fit factors involves firstconverting the exercise fit factors to penetration values, determining the average, and thenconverting that result back to a fit factor. This procedure is described in the following

equation:

Where FFx represents the fit factors for the exercises in Section A.1.

B.3.2 Ambient aerosol CNC quantitative fit testing


The PortaCount Plus Respirator Fit Tester2 uses ambient aerosols to measure fit factors.Follow the manufacturers instructions for start-up, calibration, and interpretation of fit-test results. When testing air-purifying respirators, replace the normal filter or cartridge


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element with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA), P100, or P3 filter supplied by thesame manufacturer. The in-mask sampling device (i.e., probe) should be designed andused so that the air sample is drawn from the breathing zone of the person being fit tested,midway between the nose and mouth and with the probe extending into the face-piececavity at least 0.25 in. (0.64 cm).

B.3.3 CNP quantitative fit-testing protocol

The CNP protocol provides an alternative to aerosol fit-test methods. The CNP fit-testmethod technology is based on exhausting air from a temporarily sealed respirator face-piece to generate and then maintain a constant negative pressure inside the face-piece. Therate of air exhaust is controlled so that a constant negative pressure is maintained in therespirator during the fit test.

The CNP fit-test method measures leak rates through the face-piece as a method fordetermining the face-piece fit for negative-pressure respirators. Follow the manufacturersinstructions for start-up, calibration, and interpretation of fit-test results. The CNP systemuses special adapters that replace the air-purifying elements used on the respirator.


2 PortaCount Plus Respirator Fit Tester is a registered trademark of TSI Incorporated.


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Appendix C User seal check

Section 5.6.3 mandates that the procedures in this appendix shall be used for user seal checks.

C.1 Positive-pressure check

To perform a positive-pressure check, close the exhalation valve and exhale gently into the face-piece. The face fit is satisfactory if a slight positive pressure can be built up inside the face-piece,as evidenced by the lack of outward air leakage at the seal.

C.2 Negative-pressure check


To perform a negative-pressure check, cover the inlet opening of the cartridges with the palm ofa hand. Gently inhale until the face-piece slightly collapses. Hold breath for 10 seconds. Thetightness of the respirator is considered satisfactory if the face-piece remains slightly collapsedand there is no inward leakage of air.


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Table 1. Respirator selection

Air-supplied respirators Power air-purifyingrespirators

Air Purifying

respirators

Escapeonly

Self-containedbreathing

apparatus1

Full-face

mask w/escape

cylinder 2

ull-

acemask 2

Hood

orsuit

Loose -

ittingace-ieces

Full-

facemask2,3

Hood3 oose

fitting

ace-

ieces 3

Full-

facemask2,3,4

alf-

ask2,3,4

pproved

escaperespirator

ssignedrotection

actor

1,000+ 1,000 1,000 1,000 25 1,000 1,000 25 10

100

5

10 NA

azard /xposure

irefighting6 X

DLH6 X X

xygen

eficient6X X

scape X X X

xposure>1,000 x OEL

X

xposure upto 1,000 x

OEL7

X X X X X X

xposure upto 100 xOEL

X X X X X X X

xposure upto 25 x OEL

X X X X X X X X X

xposure upto 10 x OEL

X X X X X X X X X X

1Refers to a 30-minute or longer pressure-demand (i.e., positive-pressure) unit.

2A fit test shall be performed.

3Proper cartridges/filters must be used for the hazard (i.e., gas, vapor, aerosol, or combination); a scheduledcartridge change program or end-of-service- life indicator is required if hazard is a gas or vapor.

4Full-face mask shall be used if hazard is toxic or irritating to the eyes.

5A quantitative fit test shall be performed if a protection factor greater than 10 is indicated. An assignedprotection factor of 100 may be used only if a quantitative fit test is performed that demonstrates a fit factor ofgreater than 1,000.

6Standby personnel/rescue provisions shall be in place.

7OEL = pertinent occupational exposure limit.

X = designates permissible respirators for hazard/exposure.