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8/3/2019 Influenza Transmission and Personal Protective Respiratory Equipment
1/63
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P Q I I J W V
Pajplkjb fkdbqakj jkc fsp `li}bf`jsflkp pakc" lk jtawjea" jglqs 7="=== @jkjcfjkpsl nlp}fsjb atawv vajw" jkc j}}wl~fijsabv 3"=== cfa+ ]jkcaif` fkdbqakj l``qwp
unak j kau pswjfk ld sna nqijk fkdbqakj tfwqp aiaweap dlw unf`n }al}ba njta
bfssba lw kl }wa)a~fpsfke fiiqkfsv jkc snjs `jk p}wajc addf`faksbv dwli }awplk sl
}awplk jkc ga`lia ealewj}nf`jbbv ufcap}wajc+ Fs fp fi}lppfgba sl }wacf`s unak sna
ka~s fkdbqakj }jkcaif` ifens l``qw lw nlu tfwqbaks sna tfwqp ufbb ga+
Eftak sna bfhabfnllc ld jklsnaw }jkcaif`" eltawkiaksp jkc fksawkjsflkjb glcfap
njta catabl}ac tjwflqp }bjkp sl nab} ifkfifa sna najbsn" pl`fjb jkc a`lklif`
`lkpazqak`ap ld pq`n jk ataks+ Fk sna `lksa~s ld q}cjsfke sna @jkjcfjk ]jkcaif`
Fkdbqakj ]bjk dlw sna Najbsn Pa`slw" sna ]qgbf Najbsn Jeak`v ld @jkjcj jphac
sna @lqk`fb ld @jkjcfjk J`jcaifap sl j}}lfks jk fkca}akcaks a~}aws }jkab sl
jppapp sna `qwwaks p`fak`a snjs fp wabatjks sl sna dlbblufke zqapsflkp?
j& Nlu jkc unawa jwa pajplkjb fkdbqakj jkc }jkcaif` fkdbqakj swjkpifssac
gjpac lk a~fpsfke watfaup" lw unawa kaacac" lwfefkjb bfsawjsqwa eakawjsac dwli
pajplkjb fkdbqakj lqsgwajhp jkc dwli }watflqp }jkcaif`p):6:6" `jqpfke jk apsfijsac 3= ifbbflk lw ilwa cajsnp ulwbcufca .Olnkplk"
7==7&8 Jpfjk fkdbqakj fk :615):61> .jglqs :+1 ifbbflk cajsnp ulwbcufca&8 jkc
Nlke Hlke fkdbqakj fk :64>):646 .jglqs lka ifbbflk cajsnp ulwbcufca&+
Fs fp fi}lppfgba sl }wacf`s unawa jkc unak sna ka~s }jkcaif` ifens l``qw lw
nlu tfwqbaks sna tfwqp ufbb ga+ Fk bfens ld sna bfhabfnllc ld jklsnaw }jkcaif`"
eltawkiaksp jkc fksawkjsflkjb glcfap njta catabl}ac tjwflqp }bjkp sl nab}
ifkfifa sna najbsn" pl`fjb jkc a`lklif` `lkpazqak`ap ld pq`n jk ataks+
Sna kjsqwa ld }jkcaif` fkdbqakj iajkp snjs }bjkkfke jkc wap}lkpa addlwsp kaac
sl ga `llwcfkjsac lk bl`jb" kjsflkjb jkc fksawkjsflkjb batabp+ Ijkv `lqkswfap njta
jbwajcv catabl}ac wa`liiakcjsflkp lw }lbf`fap dlw }qgbf` najbsn iajpqwap fk`bqcfkesna qpa ld }awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks" gv glsn najbsn`jwa ulwhawp jkc sna
eakawjb }qgbf`" cqwfke j }jkcaif`+3
Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a 6
0 Fk snfp wa}lws" fkdbqakj wadawp a~ bqpftabv sl sna nqijk dlwi ld fkdbqakj qkbapp lsnawufpa klsac+
3 Jkka~ G fk`bqcap wadawak`ap jkc bfkhp sl cl`qiaksp `lksjfkfke lddf fjb wa`liiakcjsflkp jkc
}lbf`fap dwli tjwflqp kjsflkjb jkc fksawkjsflkjb glcfap lk ijssawp wabatjks sl sna swjkpifppflk ld
fkdbqakj jkc }awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks+
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SAWIP LD WADAWAK@A
Sna ]qgbf` Najbsn Jeak`v ld @jkjcj .]NJ@& njp gaak ulwhfke ufsn dacawjb
ca}jwsiaksp jkc }wltfk`fjb jkc sawwfslwfjb eltawkiaksp sl catabl} adda`sfta
}jkcaif` }wa}jwackapp pswjsaefap dlw glsn sna eakawjb }qgbf` jkc sna najbsn`jwa
`liiqkfsfap+ Fk }jwsf`qbjw" ]NJ@ njp catabl}ac sna @jkjcfjk ]jkcaif`
Fkdbqakj ]bjk dlw sna Najbsn Pa`slw unf`n ij}p lqs nlu @jkjcj fp }wa}jwfke dlw"
jkc }bjkp sl wap}lkc sl" }jkcaif` fkdbqakj+ Snawa jwa" nluataw" ijkv `njbbakeap
fk }bjkkfke cqa sl ej}p fk p`faksfdf` hklubacea jkc qkcawpsjkcfke+
Fk Dagwqjwv 7==5" ]NJ@ `njweac sna dlbblufke zqapsflkp sl sna @lqk`fb ld
@jkjcfjk J`jcaifap?
j& Nlu1 jkc unawa4 jwa pajplkjb fkdbqakj jkc }jkcaif` fkdbqakj swjkpifssac
gjpac lk a~fpsfke watfaup" lw unawa kaacac" lwfefkjb bfsawjsqwa5 eakawjsac dwli
pajplkjb fkdbqakj lqsgwajhp jkc dwli }watflqp }jkcaif`p< jkc
g& Gjpac lk sna `lk`bqpflkp ld snfp watfau" unjs fp vlqw jppappiaks ld sna
`lkswfgqsflk snjs K61 wap}fwjslwp lw pqwef`jb ijphp ufbb ijha sl sna }wataksflk
ld swjkpifppflk> ld pajplkjb jkc }jkcaif` fkdbqakj7&+ Snawa fp" nluataw"
j``qiqbjsfke atfcak`a snjs" unfba sna wfph ld j`zqfpfsflk ld wap}fwjslwv }jsnleakp
ca`wajpap ufsn fk`wajpfke cfpsjk`a" swjkpifppflk ld fkda`sflk j`wlpp cfpsjk`ap ld
ewajsaw snjk lka iaswa ijv l``qw .^fa" 7==58 Ujkkjijhaw" :6138 Jfksjgbfjk"
:66>8 Ulke" 7==38 P`jbap" 7==0&+ Snqp" sna @aksawp dlw Cfpajpa @lkswlb jkc
]wataksflk .@C@& njta wa`aksbv wa`lkpfcawac snfp pnlws)wjkea cfpsjk`a gak`nijwh
.ldsak wadawwac sl jp sna snwaa)dlls wqba& jkc a~}jkcac fs sl sul iaswap
.@C@" 7==5&+
Fk snfp wa}lws" pnlws)wjkea swjkpifppflk fp cadfkac jp fkda sflk l``qwwfke ufsnfk jglqs
sul iaswap ld sna plqw a jkc blke)wjkea swjkpifppflk fp cadfkac jp fkda`sflk js cfpsjk`ap
ewajsaw snjk jglqs sul iaswap+
Fs fp `bajw snjs sna wfph ld swjkpifppflk ld wap}fwjslwv }jsnleakp ca`wajpap jp sna
cfpsjk`a dwli jk fkda`sac }awplk fk`wajpap+ Nluataw" snawa fp kl ai}fwf`jb atfcak`a
snjs fk`wajpfke sna wa`liiakcac cfpsjk`a dlw `lkswlb iajpqwap sl sul iaswap ufbb
wapqbs fk bluaw fkdbqakj jssj`h wjsap" jkc snawa jwa kl cjsj snjs }awifs snazqjksfdf`jsflk ld cfddawak`ap fk wfph jp j dqk`sflk ld cfpsjk`a dwli sna fkda`sac
}awplk+ Sna }jkab njp katawsnabapp jcl}sac sna sul iaswa cadfkfsflk ld
pnlws)wjkea jp j }wa`jqsflkjwv ca`fpflk gjpac lk sna watfpac apsfijsap ld }jwsf ba
swjoa`slwfap jp cap`wfgac gv ^fa .7==5&+
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:3 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
Eblppjwv ld Hav Sawip Qpac fk snfp Wa}lws/
]jwsf`ba? Eakawf` sawi dlw j pijbb ijpp ld afsnaw bfzqfc lw plbfc+
Cwl}bas? J cwl}bas fp j p}a`fdf` sv}a ld }jwsf`ba+ Fs wadawp sl j pijbb tlbqia ld bfzqfc snjs
fp a~}abbac cqwfke gwajsnfke" sjbhfke" pkaafke lw `lqenfke jkc unf`n `lksjfkp jpplwsac
gflblef`jb,gfl`naif`jb `li}lkaksp+
Cwl}bas Kq`baf? ]jwsf bap snjs jwa dlwiac gv atj}lwjsflk ld cwl}basp bajtfke
klk)tlbjsfba `li}lkaksp+
Jawlplb? Sna pqp}akpflk fk jfw .lw fk j ejp& ld plbfc lw bfzqfc }jwsf`bap snjs jwa pijbb
aklqen sl waijfk jfwglwka dlw }wlblkeac }awflcp ld sfia+
Jawlcvkjif` Cfjiaswa? Sawi qpac sl psjkcjwcfa nlu }jwsf`bap ld cfddawaks pnj}ap
jkc cakpfsfap ganjta fk sna jfw jkc nlu djps snav ufbb djbb sl sna ewlqkc qkcaw sna
`ligfkac fkdbqak`a ld jfw wapfpsjk`a jkc ewjtfsv .passbfke tabl`fsv&+ J }jwsf`ba njp jk
jawlcvkjif` cfjiaswa c fd fsp passbfke tabl`fsv azqjbp snjs ld j p}nawf`jb ujsaw cwl}bas
ld cfjiaswa c+
Gjbbfpsf` ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap ewajsaw snjk j}}wl~fijsabv :== i fk cfjiaswa+ J i
lw if`wliasaw" fp :=)4 i+
Fknjbjgba ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap gasuaak =+: jkc :== i fk cfjiaswa+
Kjpl}njwvkeajb)pfzac ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap njtfke cfjiaswap fk sna wjkea ld
j}}wl~fijsabv 7= sl :== i fk cfjiaswa+ Snav sakc sl swjtab kl dqwsnaw snjk sna q}}aw
wap}fwjslwv swj`s+
Swj`nalgwlk`nfjb)pfzac ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap njtfke cfjiaswap ld j}}wl~fijsabv := sl
7= i+ Snav jwa `j}jgba ld ca}lpfsfke jp djw cluk jp sna swj`nalgwlk`nfjb waeflk+
Jbtalbjw)pfzac ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap njtfke cfjiaswap ld bapp snjk j}}wl~fijsabv
:= i fk cfjiaswa+ Snav jwa sna lkbv }jwsf`bap `j}jgba ld waj`nfke sna jbtalbjw waeflk
gqs `jk ga ca}lpfsac jkvunawa fk sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s+
Dlifsa? Jkv fkjkfijsa lgoa`s lw pqgpsjk`a `j}jgba ld `jwwvfke fkda sflqp lwejkfpip
.pq`n jp eawip lw }jwjpfsap& jkc nak`a" ld swjkpdawwfke snai dwli lka fkcftfcqjb sl
jklsnaw+
Fknjbjsflk Swjkpifppflk? J ia`njkfpi ld swjkpifppflk tfj fknjbjsflk ld fkda sflqp
}jwsf`bap fksl sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s+ Snfp fk`bqcap }jwsf`bap wjkefke fk pfa dwlij}}wl~fijsabv =+: sl :== i jkc snawadlwa ulqbc ak`li}jpp sna `bjppf`jb jfwglwka
jkc cwl}bas ilcap ld swjkpifppflk+
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Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a :1
@lksj`s Swjkpifppflk? Swjkpdaw ld tfwqp dwli jk fkda sac fkcftfcqjb sl j }lsaksfjb
nlps afsnaw gv cfwa`s }nvpf`jb `lksj`s lw fkcfwa`s `lksj`s .a+e+" gv slq`nfke `lksjifkjsac
pqwdj`ap&+
Blke)wjkea Swjkpifppflk? Fknjbjsflk swjkpifppflk ld sna tfwqp js cfpsjk`ap ewajsaw
snjk j}}wl~fijsabv sul iaswap+
Pnlws)wjkea Swjkpifppflk? @lksj`s swjkpifppflk lw fknjbjsflk swjkpifppflk ld sna
tfwqp js cfpsjk`ap ld sul iaswap lw bapp+
/ Paa jbpl Jkka~ J dlw j ilwa `li}basa eblppjwv+
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@NJ]SAW 7 ILCAP LD FKDBQAK_J SWJKPIFPPFLK
Swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj dwli jk fkda`sac }awplk sl j kau nlps wazqfwap wabajpald sna tfwqp fksl sna pqwwlqkcfkep+ Pfk`a fkdbqakj fp j wap}fwjslwv cfpajpa" snawa
jwa sul }wfijwv wlqsap snlqen unf`n snfp `jk l``qw? .f& a~}qbpflk fksl sna jfw
snwlqen pkaafke" `lqenfke" p}ajhfke" gwajsnfke lw snwlqen jawlplb)eakawjsfke
iacf`jb }wl`acqwap" lw .ff& gv cfwa`s swjkpdaw ld wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp sl jklsnaw
}awplk lw pqwdj`a+ J`zqfpfsflk ld sna tfwqp gv sna kau nlps `jk snak l``qw afsnaw gv
fknjbjsflk ld sna fkda`sflqp }jwsf`bap dwli sna jfw lw `lksj`s ufsn fkda`sflqp ijsawfjb"
dlbbluac gv fkda`sflk tfj pabd)fkl`qbjsflk snwlqen j `lksjifkjsac njkc+ Fknjbac
}jwsf`bap ijv snalwasf`jbbv fkda`s sna nlps js jkv }lfks fk sna wap}fwjslwv swaa" dwli
sna kjwap sl sna sawifkjb jbtalbf" jppqifke snjs fk sna bjssaw `jpa sna }jwsf`bap jwapijbb aklqen sl }akaswjsa gablu sna swj`naj+
Sna `qwwaks hklubacea gjpa waejwcfke fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk `liap dwli
lgpawtjsflkjb jkc a}fcaiflblef`jb psqcfap jqeiaksac gv j bfifsac jilqks ld
`bfkf`jb jkc bjglwjslwv wapajw`n+ Sl cjsa" sna dlbblufke jppqi}sflkp njta gaak ijca
waejwcfke fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk?
sna plqw`a ld sna tfwqp fp sna wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp ld jk fkda`sac }awplk8
fkl`qbjsflk ijv l``qw gv cfwa`s ca}lpfsflk ld sna tfwqp lksl wap}fwjslwv iq`lqpiaigwjkap" gv pabd)fkl`qbjsflk ld iq`lqp iaigwjkap ufsn `lksjifkjsac
njkcp" lw gv fknjbjsflk ld }jwsf`bap `lksjfkfke tfwqpap8
swjkpifppflk l``qwp }waclifkjksbv js pnlws wjkea8 jkc
swjkpifppflk gv fkcfwa`s `lksj`s `jk l``qw pfk`a fkdbqakj tfwqpap `jk pqwtfta
lqspfca sna nqijk glcv dlw ifkqsap sl nlqwp fk sna jfw jkc lk tjwflqp pqwdj`ap+
Waj`nfke `lk`bqpflkp waejwcfke sna bfhabfnllc ld sna tjwflqp }lppfgba ilcap ld
fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk wazqfwap jppappiaks ld sna atfcak`a waejwcfke snaia`njkfpip gv unf`n sna tfwqp bajtap sna glcv ld sna fkda`sac }awplk" aksawp sna
glcv ld j }lsaksfjb nlps" jkc `liap fk `lksj`s ufsn j pfsa snjs }awifsp wa}bf`jsflk ld
sna tfwqp" snqp wapqbsfke fk fkda`sflk+ Fktapsfejsflk ld snapa psa}p fk sna swjkpifppflk
ld fkdbqakj fktlbtap atfcak`a jp sl?
sna tjwflqp ujvp sna tfwqp `jk a~fs sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s a+e+" pkaafke"
`lqenfke" sjbhfke" gwajsnfke" jawlplb)eakawjsfke }wl`acqwap" lw cfwa`s swjkpdaw
ld wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp8
sna pfa jkc wabjsfta tlbqia ld a~}abbac }jwsf`bap jkc snafw ataksqjb djsa8 sna }nvpf`jb swjkpifppflk snwlqen sna jfw ld a~}abbac cwl}basp `lksjfkfke
sna tfwqp .a+e+" fk j `lqen&+ Snfp fktlbtap jkjbvfke sna }nvpf`p ld sna `lqen
fk`bqcfke a~}qbpflk" cfbqsflk jkc atj}lwjsflk ld sna cwl}bas ifps" jp uabb jp
sna adda`s ld aktfwlkiaksjb `lkcfsflkp pq`n jp nqifcfsv jkc sai}awjsqwa8
sna tfjgfbfsv jkc fkda sftfsv ld sna fkdbqakj tfwqp lk`a lqspfca sna glcv8
:4 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
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sna ujvp fk unf`n tfwqp)`lksjfkfke }jwsf`bap ufsnfk sna fknjbjgba pfa wjkea
.=+: sl :== i& ijv ga fknjbac gv sna }lsaksfjb nlps" lw j`zqfwac gv `lksj`s ld
sna }lsaksfjb nlps ufsn `lksjifkjsac ijsawfjb snjs fp kls jfwglwka8
unawa fknjbac lw `lksj`s)swjkpifssac tfwqpap akc q} fk sna nlpsp glcv jkc
unasnaw snapa bl`jsflkp njwglw `abbp ufsn p}a`fdf` wa`a}slwp dlw sna tfwqp jkc jwa
}awifppfta dlw tfwjb wa}bf`jsflk8 jkc
sna wabjsflkpnf} gasuaak wfph ld fkda`sflk jkc kqigaw ld tfwqpap cabftawac sl
pqp`a}sfgba sfppqap .f+a+" fkda`sflqp clpa&+
Fk snfp `nj}saw sna atfcak`a fp watfauac" pq`n jp fs fp" waejwcfke aj`n ld sna }wa`acfke
abaiaksp ld }lsaksfjb fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk }jsnujvp+ Qkdlwsqkjsabv" fi}lwsjks
hklubacea ej}p a~fps+
EAKAWJSFLK LD FKDA@SFLQP IJSAWFJB
Unak jk fkda`sac }awplk `lqenp" pkaaap" sjbhp jkc gwajsnap" }jwsf`bap wjkefke
dwli =+: sl ltaw :=== i fk pfa jwa aifssac fksl sna jfw+ Glsn sna kqigaw jkc
pfa cfpswfgqsflk ld }jwsf bap ufbb ca}akc lk sna ia`njkfpi ld a~}qbpflk" ufsn pkaafke
}wlcq`fke sna ilps }jwsf`bap" jkc sjbhfke sna bajps .Dfeqwa :&+ Nluataw" j wa`aks}j}aw gv ^fa as jb+ .7==5& klsac snjs dfta ifkqsap ld sjbhfke `jk }wlcq`a sna pjia
kqigaw ld }jwsf`bap jp j pfkeba `lqen+
Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a :5
Dfeqwa :
Pfza cfpswfgqsflk ld cwl}basp dlwiac q}lk pkaazfke .gbqa&" `lqenfke .}fkh& jkc
sjbhfke .ewaak& / Klsa? ble p`jba .jcj}sac dwli Hlujbphf $ Gjnkdbasn" :66>&
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Fd sna `lk`akswjsflk ld tfwqp fk sna }jwsf`bap fp `lkpsjks" sna pjia tlbqia ld }jwsf`bap
ufbb njta sna pjia jilqks ld tfwqp+ Nluataw" pfk`a sna tlbqia ld j }jwsf`ba fp
}wl}lwsflkjb sl sna `qga ld fsp wjcfqp" j pfkeba :== i }jwsf`ba ufbb njta :=== sfiap
sna jilqks ld tfwqp jp j pfkeba :=i }jwsf`ba+ Snqp" eftak j pfifbjw kqigaw ld := i
jkc :== i }jwsf`bap sna :== i }jwsf`bap ulqbc `lksjfk :=== sfiap ilwa tfwqp+
Cjsj }wapaksac gv Cqeqfc as jb+ .:634& pnluac snjs }jwsf bap wjkefke fk cfjiaswa
dwli 7 sl 73 i j``lqksac dlw jbilps 6= }aw `aks ld sna kqigawld }jwsf`bap aifssac+
Nluataw" fk sawip ld slsjb tlbqia" snapa }jwsf`bap j``lqksac dlw j tawv pijbb dwj`sflk+
Fs fp kls hkluk nlu fkdbqakj tfwqp fp cfpswfgqsac fk }jwsf`bap aifssac dwli fkda`sac
}awplkp+ Sna tfwjb `lk`akswjsflk fk aifssac }jwsf`bap fp a~}a`sac sl tjwv glsn jilke
fkcftfcqjbp" jkc ltaw sna `lqwpa ld snafw fkda`sflk+
Adda`s ld ]jwsf`ba Pfa
Sna wlqsa ld jk a~}abbac }jwsf ba ca}akcp lk sna }nvpf`jb jkc aktfwlkiaksjb
dj`slwp snjs pqwwlqkc fs+ A~}abbac }jwsf`bap `jk ga `jsaelwfac fksl sul ewlq}p
ca}akcfke lk nlu snav swjtab? gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap jkc fknjbjgba }jwsf`bap+
Gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap ufsn j iajk jawlcvkjif` cfjiaswa ld ewajsaw snjk j}}wl~f)
ijsabv :== i jwa }waclifkjksbv jdda`sac gv ewjtfsv .jp l}}lpac sl jfw wapfpsjk`a&jkc dlbblu pl)`jbbac gjbbfpsf` swjoa`slwfap .^fa" 7==58 Aigfb" 7==08
Sabaijk" 7==38 Bjkebav" 7==18 Uabbp" :6038 Cqeqfc" :634&+ Snapa gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap
passba lqs ld sna jfw fk pa`lkcp+ Snafw fkda`sflqp wjkea bfap tawv `blpa sl sna lwfefkjb
}lfks ld ca}jwsqwa eakawjbbv bapp snjk j iaswa+ Gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap jwa `j}jgba ld
bjkcfke lk jkv kajwgv pqwdj`ap" fk`bqcfke }al}ba" jkc jwa snlqens sl }bjv j wlba fk
sna `lksj`s ilca ld fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk+ Nluataw" js `blpa wjkea" snapa }jwsf`bap
`lqbc jbpl bjkc lk sna iq`lpj ld kajwgv fkcftfcqjbp+
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:== i wjkea+ Sna sfia cqwfke unf`n j }jwsf`ba fp bfhabv sl waijfk fk sna jfw fp
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cfjiaswap pqddf`faksbv pijbb sl jbblu snai sl ga `jwwfac `lkpfcawjgba cfpsjk`ap
ca}akcfke lk jfw `qwwaksp jkc lsnaw dj`slwp .Atjkp" 7===&+ ]jwsf`bap kajw :== i
fk pfa ca}lpfs a~`bqpftabv fk sna kjpl}njwvk~ ufsn snlwj`f` jkc jbtalbjw ca}lpfsflk
l``qwwfke jp sna }jwsf`bap ga`lia pijbbaw" ap}a`fjbbv bapp snjk 7= i+
:> Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
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Adda`s ld Atj}lwjsflk
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sna adda`sp ld atj}lwjsflk+ Sna wjsa ld atj}lwjsflk ld sna ujsaw fk sna }jwsf`bap fp
bjweabv casawifkac gv sna jilqks ld ujsaw }wapaks fk sna jfw .wabjsfta nqifcfsv&" sna
}watjfbfke sai}awjsqwa" jkc sna pqwdj`a jwaj ld sna }jwsf`bap .Bfensnjws" :66:8
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wjsfl ld pqwdj`a jwaj sl tlbqia clqgbap jp sna cwl}bas cfjiaswa ca`wajpap gv lka)njbd+Dlw snfp wajplk" sna atj}lwjsflk wjsa fp djpsaw dlw pijbbaw }jwsf`bap+ Sna atj}lwjsflk
wjsa jbpl fk`wajpap ufsn wfpfke jfw sai}awjsqwa jkc,lw djbbfke wabjsfta nqifcfsv+
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>= i cfjiaswa wjkea atj}lwjsac gadlwa sna cwl}basp waj`nac sna ewlqkc8 jkc sna
ujsaw fk sna }jwsf`bap ufsn fkfsfjb cfjiaswap bapp snjk 01 i atj}lwjsac fk bapp snjk
lka pa`lkc+ Bfcuabb wa)atjbqjsac Cqeqfcp :634 cjsj jkc dlqkc snjs sna ujsaw
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jk azqfbfgwfqi psjsa unf`n ca}akcp olfksbv lk sna `lk`akswjsflk ld sna plcfqi
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waijfkfke tlbqia waijfkp fk sna jfw jp jk atj}lwjsfke ifps ufsn sna bfzqfc }jwsf`bap`lktawsfke sl capf``jsac }jwsf`bap .cwl}bas kq`baf& js j wjsa fktawpabv }wl}lwsflkjb
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Dfeqwa 7 pnlup snfp ifps ld }lsaksfjbbv tfwqp)`lksjfkfke }jwsf`bap snjs fp }wapaks
ufsnfk sna fiiacfjsa tf`fkfsv ld j pkaafke }awplk+ Sna jtawjea }jwsf`ba cakpfsv ld
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cfpsjk`a `qgac+ Snawadlwa" sna bfhabfnllc ld a~}lpqwa" jkc sna jtawjea kqigaw ld
}jwsf`bap fknjbac" djbbp ldd wj}fcbv ufsn cfpsjk`a dwli sna fkda`sac }awplk fk j ujv
snjs ca}akcp lk jfw dblu }jssawkp+ Fk jccfsflk sl snfp cfbqsflk dj`slw" sna adda`s ld
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Sna snlwj`f` waeflk fp cadfkac jp sna swj`nalgwlk`nfjb jkc jbtalbjw waeflkp
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ca}lpfsac fk sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s ld sna }lsaksfjb nlps ca}akcp }wfijwfbv lk snafw
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tjk Wfab as jb+ .7==4& njta jbpl pnluk snjs plia a}fsnabfjb `abbp fk sna jbtalbf jkc sna
wap}fwjslwv gwlk`nflbap" fcaksfdfac jp }kaqil`vsap sv}a FF" a~}wapp sna jb}nj)7"0
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Fk passfkep unawa tawv `blpa jkc dwazqaks `lksj`s fp bfhabv .a+e+" fk j nlia" cjv
`jwa `aksawp& sna wfph ld swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj fk`wajpap+
Lsnaw dj`slwp gafke azqjb" lqscllw passfkep pnlqbc wacq`a sna wfph ld
swjkpifppflk `li}jwac sl ilps fkcllw passfkep" cqa sl j cfbqsflkjb adda`s lk sna
cakpfsfap ld fkda`sflqp }jwsf`bap jkc aktfwlkiaksjb dj slwp" pq`n jp QT
fwwjcfjsflk" lk tfwjb tfjgfbfsv+
Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a 76
:3 Lka }wl}lpac `li}jwjslw fp sna `qiqbjsfta }l}qbjsflk wjsa ld iacf`jbbv)jssakcac" bjglwjslwv)
`lkdfwiac fkdbqakj fbbkapp fk pf~ eakawjb }wj`sf`ap fk sna Qkfsac Hfkecli" unf`n fk snjs a}fcaif`
ujp j}}wl~fijsabv :0 }aw `aks `lwwap}lkcfke sl j }ajh uaahbv wjsa ld jglqs :>= }aw :=="===
.Dbaifke" :661&+ Nluataw" snfp wjsa qkcawapsfijsap fkda`sflk ga`jqpa iacf`jbbv)jssakcac fbbkapp fp
lkbv j dwj`sflk ld pvi}slijsf` fbbkapp" unf`n fk sqwk fp j dwj`sflk ld jbb fkda`sflk" gqs ltawapsfijsap
fkda`sflk fk jcqbsp ga`jqpa `nfbcwak njta nfenaw wjsap .Dl~" :6>78 Ilksl" :6>1&+ Snqp" fs `jkkls ga
qpac sl apsfijsa jk ltawjbb jcqbs wjsa ld fkda`sflk dlw `li}jwfplk }qw}lpap+
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Unak `jwa fp }wltfcac sl pvi}slijsf` }jsfaksp" sna wfph ld swjkpifppflk fk`wajpap
ga`jqpa ld `blpa }wl~fifsv+ Snfp fk`wajpac wfph ufbb ga }wapaks fk jbb passfkep
unawa `jwa dlw pf`h }al}ba fp }wltfcac" fk`bqcfke nlia" jigqbjslwv `jwa jkc
fkpsfsqsflkjb passfkep+ Kl atfcak`a a~fpsp sl jppapp cfddawak`ap fk wfph gjpac lk sna
}jwsf`qbjw passfke unawa `jwa fp }wltfcac+
Najbsn`jwa }wltfcawp .fd kls }wlsa`sac gv tj``fkjsflk lw jksftfwjbp& `jk jbpl pawta jp
ta`slwp ld swjkpifppflk jkc fkda`s lsnaw }jsfaksp fk snafw `jwa jp uabb jp `lbbajeqap+
Kl `lk`bqpflkp `jk ga psjsac fk wap}a`s ld ulwh}bj`ap eakawjbbv pfk`a `lkcfsflkp
jwa pl nasawleakalqp+
PAJPLKJB TP+ ]JKCAIF@ FKDBQAK_J
Jbsnlqen snawa fp kl atfcak`a sl pqeeaps snjs sna ilca ld swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj
ulqbc cfddaw gasuaak }jkcaif` fkdbqakj jkc pajplkjb fkdbqakj" snawa fp atfcak`a
sl pqeeaps snjs bluaw fkl`qbqip ijv ga wazqfwac sl `jqpa fkda`sflk cqwfke j
}jkcaif` ga`jqpa ld sna jgpak`a ld }wflw fiiqkfsv .Jbdlwc" :644&+ Snfp jgpak`a
ld }wflw fiiqkfsv ijv jbpl iajk snjs fkda`sac }awplkp pnac tfwqp fk nfenaw
`lk`akswjsflk jkc,lw dlw blkeaw }awflcp ld sfia+ Snapa dj`slwp `lqbc fk`wajpa sna
wfph ld swjkpifppflk" gqs fs fp kls hkluk fd snav ulqbc jbsaw sna wabjsfta `lkswfgqsflkld cfddawaks ilcap ld swjkpifppflk+
0= Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
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Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a 0:
@LK@BQPFLKP LK ILCAP LD FKDBQAK_J SWJKPIFPPFLK
Sna dlbblufke pqiijwfap sna `lkpakpqp l}fkflk waj`nac gv sna }jkab+
:+ Gjbbfpsf`" kjpl}njwvkeajb" swj`nalgwlk`nfjb jkc jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap
jwa jbb aifssac dwli sna nqijk wap}fwjslwv swj`s+
7+ Atfcak`a jglqs sna wabjsfta `lkswfgqsflk ld sna cfddawaks ilcap ld
swjkpifppflk sl sna p}wajc ld fkdbqakj fp p}jwpa jkc fk`lk`bqpfta+
0+ Snawa fp atfcak`a snjs fkdbqakj fp swjkpifssac }wfijwfbv js pnlws wjkea+
3+ Snawa fp atfcak`a snjs fkdbqakj `jk ga swjkpifssac tfj fknjbjsflk ld
swj`nalgwlk`nfjb jkc jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap js pnlws wjkea+
1+ Snawa fp atfcak`a snjs ca}lpfsflk ld kjpl}njwvkeajb)pfac }jwsf`bap fk sna
q}}aw wap}fwjslwv swj`s `jk `jqpa fkda`sflk+
4+ Snawa fp atfcak`a snjs `lksj`s swjkpifppflk `jk l``qw+ Sna `qwwaks uafensld atfcak`a pqeeapsp snjs swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj gv fknjbjsflk fp ilwa
}wlgjgba snjk gv fkcfwa`s `lksj`s+
5+ Sna atfcak`a fp bj`hfke sl casawifka unasnaw blke)wjkea swjkpifppflk ld
fkdbqakj l``qwp" gqs fs `jkkls ga wqbac lqs+
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@NJ]SAW 0 ]WLSA@SFTA IAJPQWAP JEJFKPS FKDBQAK_JSWJKPIFPPFLK
Sna pa`lkc abaiaks ld sna `njwea sl sna }jkab fp sna dlbblufke?
Gjpac lk sna `lk`bqpflkp ld snfp watfau .ld sna tjwflqp ilcap ld swjkpifppflk&"
unjs fp vlqw jppappiaks ld sna `lkswfgqsflk snjs K61 wap}fwjslwp lw pqwef`jb
ijphp ufbb ijha sl sna }wataksflk ld swjkpifppflk:1 ld pajplkjb jkc }jkcaif`
fkdbqakj7&
lw `njfwp fk iacf`jb `bfkf` ujfsfke wllip&8 sl }wataks p}bjpnfke dwli }awplkp `lqenfkelw pkaafke .a+e+" ebjpp ak`blpqwap fk sna swfjea jwaj ld aiaweak`v ca}jwsiaksp" lw
js `jpnfawp `qgf`bap&8 jkc sl dj`fbfsjsa njkc nvefaka .a+e+" sna }bj`aiaks ld pfkhp
lqspfca }jsfaks wllip fk nlp}fsjbp&+ Akefkaawfke `lkswlbp ufbb ifkfifa a~}lpqwa
sl jkv fkda`sflqp jeaks jkc jwa jk fi}lwsjks `li}lkaks ld fkda`sflk }wataksflk
}wlewjip fk fkpsfsqsflkp+
Sna gfeeaps gakadfs ld akefkaawfke `lkswlbp fp sna dj`s snjs snafw adda`sftakapp fp kls
ca}akcaks lk fkcftfcqjb }wj`sf`a+ Ijkv ld snapa iajpqwap jwa ilps adda`sftabv
fi}baiaksac cqwfke sna lwfefkjb capfek jkc }bjkkfke psjeap dlw kau gqfbcfkep8
nluataw" sna PJWP lqsgwajh fk Slwlksl cailkpswjsac snjs ijkv `jk jbpl ga
waswl)dfssac fk aiaweak`v pfsqjsflkp .Blqsdv" 7==3&+
Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a 00
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Jcifkfpswjsfta @lkswlbp
Jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp jwa }wl`acqwjb jkc ganjtflwjb iajpqwap pq`n jp njkc
nvefaka" wap}fwjslwv asfzqassa" jkc lsnaw gjpf` }wj`sf`ap sl }wataks sna swjkpifppflk
ld lwejkfpip .`jbbac Wlqsfka ]wj`sf`ap fk @jkjcfjk Najbsn`jwa Dj`fbfsfap& .]NJ@"
:6668 @C@" 7==5&+ Jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp jbpl fk`bqca iajpqwap sl fcaksfdv
fkcftfcqjbp unl jwa bfhabv fkda`sac jkc unl wazqfwa pa}jwjsflk dwli lsnawp8 }awplkjb
}wlsa`sfta iajpqwap dlw `jwaeftawp8 jkc acq`jsflk jkc swjfkfke dlw jbb }awplkp unl
iqps fi}baiaks snapa iajpqwap+ Adda`sfta fi}baiaksjsflk ld pq`n jcifkfpswjsfta
`lkswlbp njp gaak pnluk sl ga adda`sfta fk }wataksfke cfpajpa jkc `lkswlbbfke
lqsgwajhp cqa sl ijkv }jsnleakp" fk glsn najbsn`jwa jkc klk)najbsn`jwa passfkep
.@nwfpsfa" :6618 Wllkav" 7==38 Ijvnjbb" :664&+
Jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp njta sul fi}lwsjks bfifsjsflkp+ Sna dfwps fp snjs fkcftfcqjb
jcnawak`a sl }wataksfta }wj`sf`ap fp kaacac dlw pq``app+ J`nfatfke pq`n jcnawak`a
ijv ga cfddf`qbs+ Fs wazqfwap" js j ifkfiqi" jk fkpsfsqsflkjb,pl`fasjb `liifsiaks
sl j `qbsqwa ld pjdasv" jcazqjsa acq`jsflk ld fkcftfcqjbp waejwcfke ka`appjwv }wj`sf`a"
jkc sna akejeaiaks ld qpawp,}wj`sfsflkawp fk sna capfek jkc fi}baiaksjsflk ld
}wataksfta }wlewjip .Vjppf" 7==38 ]lppjif" 7==5&+ Fk plia `fw`qipsjk`ap `jwaeftawp
ijv `nllpa sl }qs snaipabtap js wfph+ Dlw fkpsjk`a" j najbsn`jwa ulwhaw unl daabp
snjs }awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks fp }wataksfke gaps }jsfaks `jwa" lw j }jwaks`jwfke dlw jk fkda`sac pijbb `nfbc" ijv `nlpa kls sl uajw snafw }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks
fk sna fksawaps ld }wltfcfke gassaw `jwa+
J pa`lkc bfifsjsflk ld jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp fp sna cfddf`qbsv ld fcaksfdvfke }awplkp
unl jwa fkda`sflqp+ Psqcfap njta wa}ajsacbv pnluk snjs" fk lqsgwajhp" ilps swjkpifppflk
ld fkda`sflk fp dwli }awplkp unl jwa kls wa`lekfac jp njtfke sna cfpajpa .Nqjke"
7==5&" jkc ilcabfke psqcfap njta pqeeapsac snjs fi}wltfke fcaksfdf`jsflk ld
fkda`sflqp }awplkp fp qpqjbbv sna ilps adda`sfta iajkp ld fi}wltfke `lkswlb }wlewjip.Kf`jp" :66>&+ Jbsnlqen fs fp ldsak gabfatac snjs fkdbqakj fp wabjsftabv ajpv sl
cfjeklpa" sul pqwtafbbjk`a pvpsaip fk @jkjcfjk nlp}fsjbp njta wa`aksbv pnluk snjs
ilwa snjk 7= }aw `aks ld }jsfaksp ufsn fkdbqakj jwa kls gabfatac js jcifppflk
sl njta jkv fkda`sflk .I`Eaaw" 7==5&+ Fk jccfsflk" swjkpifppflk ld fkda`sflk
dwli jpvi}slijsf` }awplkp" jkc dwli }awplkp fk`qgjsfke fkdbqakj gqs kls vas
pvi}slijsf`" njp gaak cap`wfgac .]assfs" :6048 Pnajs" :667&+ J``lqksp ld pq`n
swjkpifppflk jwa tawv wjwa8 nluataw" fs fp fi}lwsjks sl klsa snjs" bfha blke)cfpsjk`a
swjkpifppflk" casa`sfke swjkpifppflk dwli jpvi}slijsf` fkda`sflk fp a~swaiabv
cfddf`qbs dlw j cfpajpa jp `liilk jp fkdbqakj+ Cqwfke j }jkcaif`" sna ewajsaps
bfifsjsflk lk `lkswlb iajpqwap cfwa`sac js gjwwfawp gasuaak fkda sac jkc
qkfkda`sac }awplkp ufbb ga sna wa`lekfsflk ld snlpa unl jwa fkda sac" jkc `j}jgba
ld p}wajcfke cfpajpa+
03 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
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]awplkjb ]wlsa`sfta Azqf}iaks
]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks .]]A& fp `lkpfcawac sna bjps bfka ld cadakpa jejfkps
a~}lpqwa+ Fk eakawjb" sna akefkaawfke jkc jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp jwa `lkpfcawac sl
ga ilwa fi}lwsjks fk }wataksfke l``q}jsflkjb a~}lpqwap+ Nluataw" snapa `lkswlb
iajpqwap ijv kls ga fk }bj`a fk jbb pfsqjsflkp" lw ijv kls ga :== }aw `aks adda`sfta+
Snawadlwa" ]]A pq}}baiaksp akefkaawfke jkc jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp+
]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks fp swjcfsflkjbbv cadfkac jp p}a`fjbfac `blsnfke lw
azqf}iaks }awplkjbbv ulwk gv jk fkcftfcqjb sl }wlsa`s jejfkps j njjwc+ Fs fk`bqcap
pq`n snfkep jp eleebap" ebltap" elukp" pqwef`jb ijphp jkc wap}fwjslwp+
]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks fp kls j pqgpsfsqsa dlw ellc akefkaawfke" ulwh }wj`sf`a"jkc jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp" gqs pnlqbc ga qpac fk `lkoqk`sflk ufsn snapa `lkswlbp sl
}wltfca dlw j pjda jkc najbsnv ulwh}bj`a+ @C@" 7==5+
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fkcftfcqjbp ufbbfkekapp sl }wl}awbv uajw sna `blsnfke lw azqf}iaks jp kaacac+
Snapa dj`slwp `jk ga jccwappac snwlqen jk adda`sfta najbsn jkc pjdasv }wlewji
fktlbtfke acq`jsflk jkc swjfkfke+ Ilwa snjk afsnaw ld sna lsnaw sul iajpqwap
ufsnfk sna nfawjw`nv lw `lkswlb" ]]A wazqfwap dl`qpac jssaksflk gv sna uajwaw lk jcjv)sl)cjv gjpfp+
]awplkjb ]wlsa`sfta Wap}fwjslwv Azqf}iaks
]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta wap}fwjslwv azqf}iaks .]]WA& fp j pqg)`jsaelwv ld ]]A
capfekac sl gbl`h fknjbjsflk ld njjwclqp jfwglwka `lksjifkjksp+ Wap}fwjslwv
}wlsa`sflk iqps ga `j}jgba ld }wataksfke sna fknjbjsflk ld fkdbqakj tfwqpap tfj
sna ilqsn lw sna klpa+ Ijkv dj`slwp `lkswfgqsa sl sna adda`sftakapp ld ]]WA fk
wacq`fke fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk jkc snapa iqps ga jppappac ufsnfk sna ltawjbb
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WAP]FWJSLWP
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ifens ga fknjbac lw gv }wltfcfke j `bajk" fkca}akcaks plqw`a ld jfw sl sna uajwaw+
Snawa jwa sul sv}ap ld dfbsawfke wap}fwjslwp? .f& dlw }jwsf`qbjsa ijssaw" fk`bqcfke bfzqfcp
jkc plbfcp8 jkc .ff& dlw tj}lwp jkc ejpap+ ]jwsf`qbjsa wap}fwjslwp `jk ga dfbsawfke dj`a)
}fa`a wap}fwjslwp lw abjpsliawf` dj`a}fa`a wap}fwjslwp ufsn jssj`nac }jwsf`qbjsa dfbsawp+
A~ji}bap ld snapa jwa eftak fk Sjgba 7+ Sna aksfwa pqwdj`a ld j dfbsawfke dj`a}fa`a
wap}fwjslw pawtap jp sna dfbsaw+ Sna `njwea sl sna }jkab p}a`fdf`jbbv wadawak`ac K61
wap}fwjslwp" j `liilkbv qpac sawi fk @jkjcj snjs wadawp sl KFLPN)`awsfdfac"
cfp}lpjgba" }jwsf`qbjsa dfbsawfke" njbd)dj`a}fa`a wap}fwjslwp+ Fk lwcaw sl waijfk ufsnfk
sna `njwea" lkbv snfp sv}a ld wap}fwjslw ufbb ga cfp`qppac+
Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a 01
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@bjppfdf`jsflk ld ]wlsa`sflk Batab
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dlqw }wa)wazqfpfsap?
sna qpa ld KFLPN) awsfdfac wap}fwjslwp fk snafw j}}wltac `lkdfeqwjsflk8
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dfbsaw `lbba`sp jfwglwka }jwsf`bap& jkc lk dfs .f+a+" sna jilqks ld bajhjea gasuaak snadj`a}fa`a jkc sna dj`a&+ KFLPN `awsfdfap sna }jwsf`qbjsa dfbsawp j``lwcfke sl snwaa
04 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
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}jwsf`bap ufsn sna ilps }akaswjsfke }jwsf`ba pfa cfjiaswa+ Snqp jk addf`fak`v ld
61 }aw `aks iajkp snjs dlw }jwsf`bap ewajsaw snjk lw bapp snjk sna ilps }akaswjsfke
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J wa`aks psqcv gv Gjbjv as jb+ .7==4& a~}blwac sna dfbsaw }akaswjsflk fk sna kjkl}jwsf`ba
wjkea+ Sna psqcv wjfpac sna }lppfgfbfsv snjs plia K61 wap}fwjslwp ulqbc kls dfbsaw js
sna wazqfwac batab }jwsf`bap fk sna 3= ki sl >= ki .elfke cluk sl jk addf`fak`v ld
j}}wl~fijsabv 63 }aw `aks fkpsajc ld sna wazqfwac 61 }aw `aks js j dblu wjsa ld
>1B,ifk&+ Pfk`a fkdbqakj tfwqpap jwa jglta snjs pfa wjkea .>= ki sl :7= ki& fs j}}ajwp
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]jwsf`ba Wabajpa gv Dfbsawp
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wa}lwsac sl ga wabajpac+ Fk eakawjb" fs ujp pnluk snjs sna }aw`aksjea wabajpa ld
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0> Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcak`a
:==+==
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