101494377 Introduction to Embedded System

7/27/2019 101494377 Introduction to Embedded System

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INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED

SYSTEM


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What is an embedded system???

Embedded??? What is that?


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embedded system definition

Hardware and software which forms a component of somelargersystem and which is expected to function without humanintervention.

An embedded system may include some kind of operatingsystem but often it will be simple enough to be written as asingle program. It will not usually have any of the normalperipherals such as a keyboard, monitor, etc. or any kind ofuser interface software unless these

are required by the overall system of which it is a part. Oftenit must provide real-time response.

Source : http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/embedded+system
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/embedded+systemhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/embedded+system


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An embedded system is some combination of computerhardware and software, either fixed in capability orprogrammable, that is specifically designed for a particularfunction.

Some low-end consumer products use veryinexpensive microcontroller or microprocessors and limitedstorage, with the application and operating system both partof a single program. The program is written permanently into

the system's memory in this case, rather than being loadedinto RAM (random access memory) like programs on apersonal computer.


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So, which one is best for embedded system?

Microcontroller or microprocessor


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Differences between microcontroller and

microprocessor


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CPU

General-

Purpose

Micro-processor

RAM ROM I/O

Port

TimerSerial

COM

Port

Data Bus

Address Bus

General-Purpose Microprocessor System

Microprocessors:

CPU for Computers

No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself

ExampleIntels x86, Motorolas 680x0

Many chips on mothers board

General-purpose microprocessor


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RAM ROM

I/O

PortTimer

Serial

COM

PortMicrocontroller

CPU

A smaller computer

On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

ExampleMotorolas 6811, Intels 8051, Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X

A single chip

Microcontroller:


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Microprocessor

CPU is stand-alone, RAM,ROM, I/O, timer areseparate

designer can decide on theamount of ROM, RAM andI/O ports.

expansive

versatility

general-purpose

Microcontroller

CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and

timer are all on a single chip

fix amount of on-chip ROM,

RAM, I/O ports

for applications in which cost,

power and space are critical

single-purpose

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller


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Examples: Refrigerator

Dr. Gheith Abandah 12


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Examples: Car Door



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Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle



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Embedded Systems Design

When approaching embedded systems architecture design,several models can be applied to describe the cycle ofembedded system design.

The big-bang model: there is essentially no planning orprocesses in place before and during the development of a

system. The code-and-fixmodel: product requirements are definedbut no formal processes are in place before the start ofdevelopment.

The waterfallmodel: there is a process for developing asystem in steps, where results of one step flow into the next

step. The spiralmodel: there is a process for developing a system in

steps, and throughout the various steps, feedback is obtainedand incorporated back into the process.


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the embedded system design and development process isdivided into four phases: creating the architecture,implementing the architecture, testing the system, andmaintaining the system.

phase 1 is defined as being made up of six stages: having astrong technical foundation (stage 1), understanding theArchitectural Business Cycle (stage 2), defining thearchitectural patterns and models (stage 3), defining thearchitectural structures (stage 4), documenting the

architecture (stage 5), and analyzing and reviewing thearchitecture (stage 6).


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101494377 Introduction to Embedded System