10 NOISE AND VIBRATION - Derryadd Windfarm · completed the Institute of Acoustics (IOA) Diploma in Acoustics and Noise Control. He is also an associate member of the IOA. He has

Cloncreen Wind Farm – Environmental Impact Statement 150504 – EIS – 2016.10.27 - F

McCarthy Keville O’Sullivan Ltd. – Planning & Environmental Consultants 10-1

10 NOISE AND VIBRATION

10.1 Introduction

This chapter of the EIS describes the assessment undertaken of the likely significant noise and vibration effects of the proposed Cloncreen wind farm development on local residential amenity. The development consists of the following:

i. 21 No. wind turbines with an overall blade tip height of up to 170 metres and all associated hard-standing areas.

ii. 1 No. borrow pit. iii. 1 No. permanent Anemometry Mast up to a height of 120 metres. iv. Provision of new site access roads and associated drainage. v. 1 no. 110 kV Electrical substation, which will be constructed at one of two

possible locations on site: either Option A in Ballykilleen townland or Option B in Cloncreen townland. The electrical substation will have 2 no. control buildings, associated electrical plant and equipment, and waste water holding tank.

vi. 2 No. temporary construction compounds, one of which will be located in the townland of Esker More and the other at one of two possible locations: either Option A in Ballykilleen townland or Option B in Cloncreen townland.

vii. All associated underground electrical and communications cabling connecting the turbines to the proposed substation at either Ballykilleen or Cloncreen townland.

viii. All works associated with the connection of the proposed wind farm to the national electricity grid, which will be either to the existing Cushaling substation via underground cable (Option A) or to the existing Thornsberry/Cushaling 110 kV line via overhead line (Option B).

ix. Demolition of existing canteen ‘tea centre’ building. x. Removal of existing telecommunications mast.

xi. Removal of existing meteorological mast. xii. New access junctions, improvements and temporary modifications to existing

public road infrastructure to facilitate delivery of abnormal loads and construction access, including: temporary upgrade of R420/R402 junction, temporary road widening at 1 no. location on R402 in Ballinagar, upgrade of R402/L1003 junction, road upgrade along the L1003 and new construction phase site entrance, and upgrade of existing site entrance on R401.

xiii. All associated site development works. Baseline noise levels have been measured at locations representative of the nearest noise sensitive properties. Noise predictions have been prepared for construction and wind turbine operation activities in relation to the nearest properties to the proposed development. Following assessment of the study area around the proposed wind farm site, an appraisal of cumulative effects that considers other wind energy developments in the area is considered necessary due to the presence of an existing operational site at Mountlucas wind farm which is located some 4 km west of Cloncreen. This cumulative assessment has been considered here. The methodology adopted for this noise appraisal is as follows:



Review of appropriate guidance, planning conditions applicable to other sites and specification of suitable construction and operational noise / vibration criteria;

Characterisation of the receiving noise and vibration environment; Characterisation of the proposed development; Prediction of the noise and vibration effect associated with the proposed

development, and; Evaluation of noise and vibration effects.

For a glossary of terms used in this chapter please refer to Appendix 10-1.

10.1.1 Statement of Authority

Damian Kelly

Damian Kelly (Technical Director) holds a B.Sc. from DCU and a M.Sc. from QUB. He has over 20 years’ experience as an acoustic consultant and is a member of the Institute of Acoustics. He has extensive knowledge in the field of noise modelling and prediction, having developed many of the largest and most complex examples of proprietary noise models prepared in Ireland to date. He has extensive modelling experience in relation to wind farm, industrial and road infrastructure projects. He is a sitting member of the committee of the Irish Branch of the Institute of Acoustics. Dermot Blunnie

Dermot Blunnie (Acoustic Consultant) holds a MSc in Applied Acoustics and has completed the Institute of Acoustics (IOA) Diploma in Acoustics and Noise Control. He is also an associate member of the IOA. He has extensive knowledge in aspects of environmental surveying, modeling and impact assessment, particularly for wind energy developments.

10.2 Fundamentals of Acoustics

A sound wave travelling through the air is a regular disturbance of the atmospheric pressure. These pressure fluctuations are detected by the human ear, producing the sensation of hearing. In order to take account of the vast range of pressure levels that can be detected by the ear, it is convenient to measure sound in terms of a logarithmic ratio of sound pressures. These values are expressed as Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) in decibels (dB). The audible range of sounds expressed in terms of Sound Pressure Levels is 0dB (for the threshold of hearing) to 120dB (for the threshold of pain). In general, a subjective impression of doubling of loudness corresponds to a tenfold increase in sound energy which conveniently equates to a 10dB increase in SPL. It should be noted that a doubling in sound energy (such as may be caused by a doubling of traffic flows) increases the SPL by 3dB. The frequency of sound is the rate at which a sound wave oscillates, and is expressed in Hertz (Hz). The sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies in the audible range is not uniform. For example, hearing sensitivity decreases markedly as frequency falls below 250Hz. In order to rank the SPL of various noise sources, the measured level has to be adjusted to give comparatively more weight to the frequencies that are readily detected by the human ear. Several weighting mechanisms have been proposed but the ‘A-weighting’ system has been found to provide one of the best correlations with perceived loudness. SPL’s measured using ‘A-weighting’ are expressed in terms of dB(A).



An indication of the level of some common sounds on the dB(A) scale is presented in Figure 10.1, which shows a quiet bedroom at around 35 dB(A), a nearby noisy HGV at 90 dB(A) and a pneumatic drill at about 100 dB(A). There are two quite distinct types of noise source within a wind turbine. The mechanical noise produced by the gearbox, generator and other parts of the drive train; and the aerodynamic noise produced by the passage of the blades through the air. Since the early 1990s there has been a significant reduction in the mechanical noise generated by wind turbines. It is now, usually less than, or of a similar level to the aerodynamic noise. Aerodynamic noise from wind turbines is generally unobtrusive; it is broad-band in nature and in this respect is similar to, for example, the noise of wind in trees. Well-designed wind farms should be located so that increases in ambient noise levels around noise-sensitive developments are kept to acceptable levels with relation to existing background noise. This will normally be achieved through good design of the turbines and through allowing sufficient distance between the turbines and any existing noise-sensitive development so that noise from the turbines will not normally be significant. Noise levels from turbines are generally low and, under most operating conditions, it is likely that turbine noise would be masked by wind-generated background noise.

Figure 10.1 The level of typical common sounds on the dB(A) scale (NRA Guidelines for

the Treatment of Noise and Vibration in National Road Schemes, 2004)



10.3 Guidance Documents and Adopted Criteria

The following sections review best practice guidance that is commonly adopted in relation to developments such as the one under consideration here.

10.3.1 Construction Phase

10.3.1.1 Noise

There is no published statutory Irish guidance relating to the maximum permissible noise level that may be generated during the construction phase of a project. Local authorities normally control construction activities by imposing limits on the hours of operation and may consider noise limits at their discretion. In the absence of specific noise limits, appropriate criteria relating to permissible construction noise levels for a development of this scale may be found in the British Standard British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise. The approach adopted here calls for the designation of a noise sensitive location into a specific category (A, B or C) based on existing ambient noise levels in the absence of construction noise. This then sets a threshold noise value that, if exceeded, indicates a significant noise impact is associated with the construction activities. Table 10.1 sets out the values which, when exceeded, signify a significant effect at the facades of residential receptors as recommended by BS 5228 – 1. These levels relate to construction noise only. Table 10.1 Example Threshold of Significant Effect at Dwellings

Assessment category and

threshold value period (LAeq,T)

Threshold value, in decibels (dB)

Category

A Note A

Category

B Note B

Category

C Note C

Night-time (23:00 to 07:00hrs) 45 50 55

Evenings and weekends Note D 55 60 65

Daytime (07:00 – 19:00hrs) and Saturdays (07:00 – 13:00hrs)

65 70 75

Note A Category A: threshold values to use when ambient noise levels (when rounded to the

nearest 5dB) are less than these values. Note B Category B: threshold values to use when ambient noise levels (when rounded to the

nearest 5dB) are the same as category A values. Note C Category C: threshold values to use when ambient noise levels (when rounded to the

nearest 5dB) are higher than category A values. Note D 19:00 – 23:00 weekdays, 13:00 – 23:00 Saturdays and 07:00 – 23:00 Sundays.

It should be noted that this assessment method is only valid for residential properties. The following method should be followed: For the appropriate period (e.g. daytime) the ambient noise level is determined and rounded to the nearest 5dB. In this instance, with the rural nature of the site, all properties in the vicinity of the development have ambient noise levels in the range of 45 to 55 dB LAeq. Therefore, all properties will be afforded a Category A designation.



See Section 10.4.2 for the detailed assessment in relation to this site. If the specific construction noise level exceeds the appropriate category value (e.g. 65dB LAeq,1hr during daytime periods) then a significant effect is deemed to occur.

10.3.1.2 Vibration

Vibration standards come in two varieties: those dealing with human comfort and those dealing with cosmetic or structural damage to buildings. For the purpose of this development, the range of relevant criteria used for building protection is expressed in terms of Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) in mm/s.

Guidance relevant to acceptable vibration within buildings is contained in the following documents:

BS 7385 – “Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings – Part 2: Guide to damage levels from groundborne vibration” (1993); and

BS 5228 – “Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration” (2009).

BS 7385 states that there should typically be no cosmetic damage if transient vibration does not exceed 15 mm/s at low frequencies rising to 20 mm/s at 15 Hz and 50 mm/s at 40 Hz and above. These guidelines relate to relatively modern buildings and should be reduced to 50% or less for more critical buildings. BS 5228 recommends that, for soundly constructed residential property and similar structures that are generally in good repair, a threshold for minor or cosmetic (i.e. non-structural) damage should be taken as a peak particle velocity of 15 mm/s for transient vibration at frequencies below 15 Hz and 20 mm/s at frequencies above than 15 Hz. Below these vibration magnitudes minor damage is unlikely, although where there is existing damage these limits may be reduced by up to 50%. In addition, where continuous vibration is such that resonances are excited within structures the limits discussed above may need to be reduced by 50%. The NRA document Guidelines for the Treatment of Noise and Vibration in National Road Schemes also contains information on the permissible construction vibration levels during the construction phase as shown in Table 10.2. Allowable vibration (in terms of peak particle velocity) at the closest part of sensitive property to the source of vibration, at a frequency of: Table 10.2 Allowable Vibration at Properties

Allowable vibration (in terms of peak particle velocity) at the closest part of

sensitive property to the source of vibration, at a frequency of

Less than 10Hz 10 to 50Hz 50 to 100Hz (and above)

8 mm/s 12.5 mm/s 20 mm/s

10.3.2 Operational Phase

10.3.2.1 Noise

The noise assessment summarised in the following sections has been based on guidance in relation to acceptable levels of noise from wind farms as contained in the document “Wind Energy Development Guidelines for Planning Authorities” published by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. These guidelines are in turn based on detailed recommendations set out in the Department



of Trade & Industry (UK) Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) publication “The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms” (1996). The ETSU document has been used to supplement the guidance contained within the “Wind Energy Development Guidelines for Planning Authorities” publication where necessary. Planning permissions and decisions issued by An Bord Pleanála and / or the local authority in relation to wind energy sites in the wider area have also been reviewed here. “Wind Energy Development Guidelines for Planning Authorities”

Section 5.6 of the “Planning Guidelines” published by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2006) outlines the appropriate noise criteria in relation wind farm developments. The following extracts from this document should be considered:

“An appropriate balance must be achieved between power generation and noise impact.”

While this comment is noted it should be stated that the “Planning Guidelines” give no specific advice in relation to what constitutes an ‘appropriate balance’. In the absence of this, guidance will be taken from alternative and appropriate publications.

“In the case of wind energy development, a noise sensitive location includes any occupied house, hostel, health building or place of worship and may include areas of particular scenic quality or special recreational importance. Noise limits should apply only to those areas frequently used for relaxation of activities for which a quiet environment is highly desirable. Noise limits should be applied to external locations and should reflect the variation in both turbine source noise and background noise with wind speed.”

As can be seen from the calculations presented later in this document the various issues identified in this extract have been incorporated into our assessment.

“Any existing turbines should not be considered as part of the prevailing background noise.”

The Mountlucas wind farm is currently operating approximately 4.2 kilometres west of the proposed development site, at its nearest point. The emissions from this site will be given due consideration as part of this assessment.

“In general, a lower fixed limit of 45dB(A) or a maximum increase of 5dB(A) above background noise at nearby noise sensitive locations is considered appropriate to provide protection to wind energy development neighbours.”

This represents the commonly adopted daytime noise criterion curve in relation to wind farm developments. However, an important caveat should be noted as detailed in the following extract.

“However, in very quiet areas, the use of a margin of 5dB(A) above background noise at nearby noise sensitive properties is not necessary to offer a reasonable degree of protection and may unduly restrict wind energy developments which should be recognised as having wider national and global developments. Instead, in low noise environments where background noise is less than 30dB(A), it is recommended that the daytime level of the LA90, 10min of



the wind energy development be limited to an absolute level within the range of 35 – 40dB(A).”

In relation to night time periods the following guidance is given:

“A fixed limit of 43dB(A) will protect sleep inside properties during the night.” Note again this limit is defined in terms of the LA90,10min parameter. This represents the commonly adopted night time noise criterion curve in relation to wind farm developments. Reviewing the baseline noise data contained in this assessment and in order to provide a robust approach it is proposed to adopt a lower daytime threshold of 40dB LA90,10mn in this instance. This considers the baseline noise levels measured in the area and on-going developments in terms of Irish guidance on the issue of wind turbine noise. A level of 40dB(A) has been adopted in relation to low noise areas. This is considered appropriate in light of the following:

The EPA document ‘Guidance Note for Noise: Licence Applications, Surveys and Assessments in Relation to Scheduled Activities (NG4)’ proposes a daytime noise criterion of 45dB(A) in ‘areas of low background noise’. The proposed lower threshold here is 5dB more stringent than this level.

Proposed changes to the assessment of noise effects associated with on-shore

wind energy developments are outlined in the Department of Environment, Community & Local Government (DECLG) document ‘Proposed Revisions to Wind Energy Development Guidelines 2006 – Targeted Review in relation to Noise, Proximity and Shadow Flicker’ (December 11th 2013). A noise limit of 40dB LA90,10min attributable to one or more wind turbines, is proposed therein in order to restrict noise from wind turbines at noise sensitive properties.

It should be reiterated that the 2006 ‘Wind Energy Development Guidelines’

calls for “An appropriate balance must be achieved between power generation and noise impact.” Based on a review of other national guidance in relation to acceptable noise levels in areas of low background noise it is considered that the criteria adopted as part of this assessment are robust.

In addition, the An Bord Pleanála (ABP) planning permission in relation to the nearby Mountlucas wind farm development (Ref: PL19.237263) states the following planning condition in relation to noise: 9. (1) During the operational period, noise levels resulting from the operation of the

wind turbines and the fixed anemometry mast, when measured at the nearest inhabited house, shall not exceed 43dBA (15 minutes Leq). All sound measurement shall be carried out in accordance with ISO Recommendation R 1996 “Assessment of Noise with respect of Community Response” as amended by ISO Recommendations R 1996 1.

The stated limit of 43dB LAeq,15min in the relevant planning condition is equivalent to a level of 41dB LA90,10min. Therefore, the proposed lower threshold of 40dB LA90,10min is considered robust in terms of conditions placed on other developments in the area. In summary the following criteria are proposed:



40dB LA90,10min for quiet daytime environments of less than 30dB LA90,10min; 45dB LA90,10min for daytime environments greater than 30dB LA90,10min or a maximum

increase of 5dB(A) above background noise (whichever is higher), and; 43dB LA90,10min for night time periods.

Based on the baseline noise monitoring carried out and reviewed in this assessment day and night time noise criteria curves have been derived for the development. Again, it should be noted that the lowest baseline noise levels monitored at the various monitoring locations have been used in this process in order to adopt a worst-case approach in the derivation of the noise criteria curves. Future Potential Guidance Changes

Proposed changes to the assessment of noise impacts associated with on-shore wind energy developments are outlined in the Department of Environment, Community & Local Government (DECLG) document Proposed Revisions to Wind Energy Development Guidelines 2006 – Targeted Review in relation to Noise, Proximity and Shadow Flicker (December 11th 2013). A consultation process in relation to the document is currently being undertaken by DECLG. In essence the consultation document proposes the following amendments in terms of noise criteria applied to wind energy developments:

Proposed Approach A noise limit of 40dB LA90,10min attributable to one or more wind turbines, should be applied in order to restrict noise from wind turbines at noise sensitive properties.

This limit is an outdoor limit, which should not be exceeded at noise sensitive properties at any wind speed within the operational range of any turbine (i.e. from cut-in until maximum rated power level is reached).

The limit will apply irrespective of time of day or night. No noise limit is proposed at the properties of

landowners with a financial interest in proposed projects.

In order to inform the current discussion, the noise predictions presented in this review have also been considered in light of the consultation guidance. “The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms – ETSU-R-97” As stated previously the core of the noise guidance contained within the “Planning Guidelines on Wind Energy” guidance document is based on the ETSU publication “The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms”. Current best practice calls for the control of wind turbine noise by the application of noise limits at the nearest noise sensitive properties. It is considered that absolute noise levels applied at all wind speeds are not suited to wind turbine developments and therefore best practice is to adopt noise limits relative to background noise levels in the vicinity of the noise sensitive locations. Therefore, one critical aspect of the noise assessment of wind energy proposals relates to the identification of baseline noise levels through on site noise surveys. At a minimum continuous baseline noise monitoring should be carried out at the nearest noise sensitive locations for typically a two-week period and should capture a representative sample of wind speeds in the area (i.e. cut in speeds to wind speed of rated sound power of the proposed turbine).



Background noise measurements (i.e. LA90,10min) should be carried out in light of guidance contained within ISO 1996: 2007: Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of Environmental Noise” and related to wind speed measurements that are collated at the site of the wind turbine development itself. Regression analysis is then applied to this data set to derive background noise levels at various wind speeds, and from this, the appropriate day and night time noise criterion curves can be established. Noise emissions associated with the wind turbine units themselves are predicted in accordance with ISO 9613: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound outdoors, Part 2: General method of calculation (1996). This is a noise prediction standard that considers noise attenuation offered, amongst others, by distance, ground absorption, directivity and atmospheric absorption. Noise predictions and contours are typically prepared for various wind speeds and the predicted levels are compared against the relevant noise criterion curve to demonstrate compliance with the guidance contained within the ETSU-R-97 documentation. Where noise predictions indicate that reductions in noise emissions are required in order to satisfy any adopted criteria consideration can be given to site lay out, detailed downwind analysis and various modes of ‘low noise’ operation that are typically offered by modern wind turbine units.

10.3.2.2 Special Characteristics

Infrasound/Low Frequency Noise Low Frequency Noise is noise that is dominated by frequency components less than approximately 200Hz whereas Infrasound is typically described as sound at frequencies below 20Hz. In relation to Infrasound, the following extract from ‘EPA document Guidance Note for Noise Assessment of Wind Turbine Operations at EPA Licensed Sites (NG3)’ is noted here:

“There is similarly no significant infrasound from wind turbines. Infrasound is high level sound at frequencies below 20 Hz. This was a prominent feature of passive yaw “downwind” turbines where the blades were positioned downwind of the tower which resulted in a characteristic “thump” as each blade passed through the wake caused by the turbine tower. With modern active yaw turbines (i.e. the blades are upwind of the tower and the turbine is turned to face into the wind by a wind direction sensor on the nacelle activating a yaw motor) this is no longer a significant feature.”

A modern active yaw turbine is proposed for this development. With respect to infrasonic noise levels below the hearing threshold, the World Health Organisation (WHO) document “Community Noise” has stated that:

“There is no reliable evidence that infrasounds below the hearing threshold produce physiological or psychological effects”

In 2010, the UK Health Protection Agency published a report entitled “Health Effects of Exposure to Ultrasound and Infrasound, Report of the independent Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation”. The exposures considered in the report related to medical applications and general environmental exposure. The report notes:

“Infrasound is widespread in modern society, being generated by cars, trains and aircraft, and by industrial machinery, pumps, compressors and low speed



fans. Under these circumstances, infrasound is usually accompanied by the generation of audible, low frequency noise. Natural sources of infrasound include thunderstorms and fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, wind and waves, and volcanoes; running and swimming also generate changes in air pressure at infrasonic frequencies.

For infrasound, aural pain and damage can occur at exposures above about 140 dB, the threshold depending on the frequency. The best-established responses occur following acute exposures at intensities great enough to be heard and may possibly lead to a decrease in wakefulness. The available evidence is inadequate to draw firm conclusions about potential health effects associated with exposure at the levels normally experienced in the environment, especially the effects of long-term exposures. The available data do not suggest that exposure to infrasound below the hearing threshold levels is capable of causing adverse effects.”

The UK Institute of Acoustics Bulletin in March 2009 included a statement of agreement between acoustic consultants regularly employed on behalf of wind farm developers, and conversely acoustic consultants regularly employed on behalf of community groups campaigning against wind farm developments (IAO JS2009). The intent of the article was to promote consistent assessment practices, and to assist in restricting wind farm noise disputes to legitimate matters of concern. On the subject of infrasound, the article notes:

“Infrasound is the term generally used to describe sound at frequencies below 20 Hz. At separation distances from wind turbines which are typical of residential locations the levels of infrasound from wind turbines are well below the human perception level. Infrasound from wind turbines is often at levels below that of the noise generated by wind around buildings and other obstacles. Sounds at frequencies from about 20 Hz to 200 Hz are conventionally referred to as low-frequency sounds. A report for the DTI in 2006 by Hayes McKenzie concluded that neither infrasound nor low frequency noise was a significant factor at the separation distances at which people lived. This was confirmed by a peer review by a number of consultants working in this field. We concur with this view. A Portuguese group has been researching ‘Vibro-acoustic Disease’ (VAD) for about 25 years. Their research initially focused on aircraft technicians who were exposed to very high overall noise levels, typically over 120 dB. A range of health problems has been described for the technicians which the researchers linked to high levels of low frequency noise exposure. However other research has not confirmed this. Wind farms expose people to sound pressure levels orders of magnitude less than the noise levels to which the aircraft technicians were exposed. The Portuguese VAD group has not produced evidence to support their new hypothesis that infrasound and low frequency noise from wind turbines causes similar health effects to those experienced by the aircraft technicians.”

In the unlikely event that an issue on low frequency noise is associated with the proposed development, it is recommended that an appropriate detailed investigation be undertaken. Internal measurements are recommended and due consideration should be given to the guidance contained in Appendix VI “Low Frequency Noise” of the



EPA document “Guidance Note for Noise: Licence Applications, Surveys and Assessments in Relation to Scheduled Activities (NG4)” which are in-turn based on the threshold values outlined in the Salford University document “Procedure for the assessment of low frequency noise complaints”, Revision 1, December 2011. If low frequency noise issues are identified, appropriate mitigation measures, including site curtailment under conditions (i.e. wind direction/speed) that give rise to the issue will be implemented through the turbine control system associated with the development. The noise criteria outlined in ETSU-R-97 account for the fact that wind turbines exhibit a characteristic noise that is described using the term ‘blade swish’. The DTI Report – ‘The Measurement of Low Frequency Noise at Three UK Windfarms’, concluded the following:

“The common cause of complaints associated with noise at all three wind farms is not associated with low frequency noise, but is the audible modulation of the aerodynamic noise, especially at night”.

It goes on to suggest, “It may be appropriate to re-visit the issue of aerodynamic modulation and the means by which it should be assessed”. The potential issue of aerodynamic modulation (or Amplitude Modulation) is discussed in more detail in the following section. Amplitude Modulation

This section has been prepared with a view to reviewing the following:

Discussion of the principles of Amplitude Modulation (AM) in terms of the ‘current thinking’ as to the causes of the issue and the conditions in which the issue is more likely to occur.

Discussion on the issue in terms of perceived impacts and issues experienced across Ireland and the UK including commentary on the frequency/regularity of the issue.

Review of current consultation processes in relation to the issue of ‘Other’ AM (OAM), and;

Discussion on typical mitigation measures that may be considered in terms of the management of OAM should the issue occur.

Definition of Amplitude Modulation In the context of this assessment, AM is defined in the IoA Noise Working Group (Wind Turbine Noise) document Amplitude Modulation Working Group Final Report – A Method for Rating Amplitude Modulation in Wind Turbine Noise (Aug 2016), as:

“periodic fluctuations in the level of broadband noise from a wind turbine (or wind turbines), the frequency of the fluctuations being the blade passing frequency (bpf) of the turbine rotor, as observed outdoors at residential distances in free-field conditions.”

It should be noted that current study and research is mainly focused on the measurement and assessment of the AM characteristics presented by current large wind turbines with 3-bladed rotors rotating at speeds up to about 20 rpm such as the unit being considered for the proposed site.



Current research into a proposed metric is intended to be applied to external measurements of noise experienced at ‘residential distances’, i.e. separation distances between large wind turbines and dwellings in the UK & Northern Ireland being typically 500 metres or greater. The measurements are made outdoors for consistency with other procedures for measuring wind turbine noise. In this first instance it is appropriate to define AM. It is now generally accepted that there are two mechanisms causing amplitude modulation:

‘Normal’ AM (blade swish), and; ‘Other’ AM.

In both cases, the result is a regular fluctuation in amplitude at the Blade Passing Frequency (BPF) of the wind turbine blades (the rate at which the blades of the turbine pass a fixed point). For a three-bladed turbine rotating at 20 rpm, this equates to a modulation frequency of 1 Hz. ‘Normal’ AM An observer at ground level close to a wind turbine will experience

‘blade swish’ because of the directional characteristics of the noise radiated from the trailing edge of the blades as it rotates towards and then away from the observer.

This effect is reduced for an observer on or close to the turbine axis, and therefore would not generally be expected to be significant at typical separation distances, at least on relatively level sites.

The RenewableUK AM project (RenewableUK 2013) has coined the term ‘normal’ AM (NAM) for this inherent characteristic of wind turbine noise, which has long been recognized and was discussed in ETSU-R-97 in 1996.

‘Other’ AM In some cases AM is observed at large distances from a wind turbine

(or turbines). The sound is generally heard as a periodic ‘thumping’ or ‘whoomphing’ at relatively low frequencies.

On sites where it has been reported, occurrences appear to be occasional, although they can persist for several hours under some conditions, dependent on atmospheric factors, including wind speed and direction.

It was proposed in the RenewableUK 2013 study that the fundamental cause of this type of AM is transient stall conditions occurring as the blades rotate, giving rise to the periodic thumping at the blade passing frequency.

Transient stall represents a fundamentally different mechanism from blade swish and can be heard at relatively large distances, primarily downwind of the rotor blade.

The RenewableUK AM report adopted the term ‘Other AM’ (OAM) for this characteristic. The terms ‘enhanced’ or ‘excess’ AM (EAM) have been used by others, although such definitions do not distinguish between the source mechanisms and presuppose a ‘normal’ level of



AM, presumably relating back to blade swish as described in ETSU-R-97.

Causes of Amplitude Modulation Of the potential OAM ‘source’ effects, the prime candidate is transient separation of airflow from each blade (‘stall’). The turbine blades operate at an ‘angle of attack’ (determined by a combination of the incoming air velocity and the velocity from rotation). Above a given angle of attack (mainly determined by the air velocity and the blade profile), the air flow over the upper (suction) surface of the blade may detach, resulting in the generation of a region of turbulent air on a region of the blade surface (stall) and a loss of lift.

The noise generated by the interaction of the turbulent air in the stalled region with the blade surface will result in increased noise (compared with the un-stalled, attached-flow case). In consequence, stall occurring over a small area of each turbine blade in

one part of the blade’s rotation only (for example as it passes over the top of its path)

will result in cyclic increases in noise level (and therefore OAM).

Stall noise also has a lower characteristic frequency than noise from an un-stalled blade and, importantly, it will also exhibit different directivity. Based on a model developed as part of RenewableUK work, this change in directivity in particular is predicted to result in significant modulation levels in downwind directions, which is consistent with observations of OAM made to date. Downwind directions are those in which the highest overall levels of turbine noise are generally experienced in the far-field of the turbines. This results from a combination of source directivity and propagation effects and would explain the different characteristics and impact of OAM when compared to NAM.

The RenewableUK research concludes that whether or not a wind turbine on a particular site will exhibit OAM is dependent on a large number of complex factors, including:

the local atmospheric conditions (particularly variation in wind speed and

direction over the area of the rotor disk); local topography (which may influence rotor inlet flows in different wind

directions), and; the design of the turbine blades and the way they are controlled.

It is not therefore possible to be prescriptive as to whether any particular site or wind farm design is more or less likely to give rise to OAM being generated. This is considered likely to be due to a combination of site and installation-specific factors, including meteorology.

Where a wind turbine installation exhibits OAM, it is then natural to consider how it can be assessed in terms of annoyance, and, in the event that the assessment shows that OAM requires to be mitigated, how this can be achieved.

Human Response In some cases, AM is observed at large distances from a wind turbine (or turbines). The sound is generally heard as a periodic ‘thumping’ or ‘whoomphing’ at relatively low frequencies.



The RenewableUK research discusses “How People Respond to Amplitude-Modulated Wind Turbine Noise”. This has been reviewed in the following paragraphs.

As part of the RenewableUK work an extensive series of listening tests, under controlled laboratory conditions, were commissioned in order to establish if and how noise with a modulating character can be more annoying than steady noise of the same measured level.

The core approach of the testing consisted of simulated recordings, based on an analysis of actual field recordings, and with a wide range of input parameters, being played back to a range of subjects of different ages and sensitivity but of normal hearing. The frequency spectra and levels of sounds were simulated to attempt to represent the varying characteristics of AM as it might be perceived in a rural residential external setting. Subjects were asked to rate the noise in two ways:

on an absolute annoyance rating, and; with a rating relative to un-modulated noise, with the presence in some cases

of background noise with a spectrum and character representative of a rural garden.

The work found the following:

Responses were not significantly affected by: - the frequency content of the modulated noise; - the modulation waveform, and; - or the presence of limited amounts of wind-disturbed vegetation noise.

Annoyance ratings were significantly related to: - to the frequency (rate) of the modulation; - the overall A-weighted level (or loudness) of the test sound, and; - the modulation depth.

In terms of annoyance ratings, these were correlated with the mean noise level and a range of metrics defining the degree of modulation. This showed that annoyance increases slightly with modulation depth. It was noted that the mean overall noise levels were shown to dominate the annoyance rating.

Frequency of Occurrence of AM It should be noted that AM is associated with wind turbine operations but it should also be noted that is a rare event associated with a limited number of wind farms. That is to say while it can occur it is the exception rather than the rule.

Salford University / DEFRA / CLG and BERR prepared a research study in order to investigate the issue of aerodynamic modulation associated with wind turbine noise. The results were reviewed and published in the report ‘Research into Aerodynamic Modulation of Wind Turbine Noise’.

The broad conclusions of this report were that aerodynamic modulation was only considered to be an issue at four, and a possible issue at a further eight, of 133 sites in the UK that were operational at the time of the study and considered within the review. At the 4 sites where aerodynamic modulation was confirmed as an issue, it was considered that conditions associated with aerodynamic modulation is likely to occur between about 7 and 15% of the time.



RenewableUK states the following:

Page 68 Module F “even on those limited sites where it has been reported, its

frequency of occurrence appears to be at best infrequent and intermittent.”

It also states:

Page 6 Module F “It has also been the experience of the project team that, even at those wind farm sites where AM has been reported or identified to be an issue, its occurrence may be relatively infrequent. Thus, the capture of time periods when subjectively significant AM occurs may involve elapsed periods of several weeks or even months.”

This review states: “There is nothing at the planning stage that can presently be

used to indicate a positive likelihood of OAM occurring at any given proposed wind farm site, based either on the site’s general characteristics or on the known characteristics of the wind turbines to be installed.”

Possible Mitigation Measures If the issue of AM were to occur in relation to the proposed site, it is appropriate to consider what practically can be done to address the issue. Again, the latest research in relation to this issues in presented in the RenewableUK work.

As previously stated “there is nothing at the planning stage that can presently be used to indicate a positive likelihood of OAM occurring at any given proposed wind farm site, based either on the sites’ general characteristics or on the known characteristics of the wind turbines to be installed.”

The RenewableUK work concludes that:

“In the immediate term, the only guaranteed solution to mitigate OAM if it occurs in practice on particular site is the cessation of operation of offending turbines during those conditions under which OAM is found to occur.”

In terms of future developments, the following is stated: “Given the characteristics of the partial stall mechanism identified, the effective mitigation of OAM in practice will require the future involvement and close cooperation of wind turbine manufacturers, and possibly involve detailed measurements that focus on better understanding the surface pressure distributions on the turbine blades themselves, particularly as the stall point is approached. Simple analysis methods have been developed to assist in identifying the most likely relevant conditions. It is believed that with such cooperation, methods will be capable of being developed for avoiding local stall conditions. Such methods may involve software ‘fixes’ that seek to modify the logic of the control system algorithms, perhaps even through the application of more advanced cyclical pitch control. More fundamental, physical design changes may also prove worthwhile, such as innovative blade designs or the addition of blade vortex generators which may delay the onset of stall. Such methods



would be likely to only have a limited or negligible impact on the generating capacity of the turbines.”

Ongoing Research Research and guidance in the area is ongoing with recent publications being issued by Renewable UK and most recently by the Institute of Acoustics (IoA) Amplitude Modulation Working Group (AMWG). The IoA group have issued a final report “A Method for Rating Amplitude Modulation in Wind Turbine Noise”. This document puts forward the ‘Reference Method’ to be used to reliably identify the presence of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise. It is proposed that this Reference Method will be used in order to determine the presence of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise. In terms of a rating methodology for AM, the “A Method for Rating Amplitude Modulation in Wind Turbine Noise” report states “there is currently no generally agreed rating methodology for wind turbine AM. New Zealand Standard NZS 6808: 2010 provided a penalty mechanism but noted that there was no objective test available. Authorities in Australia and Finland have published some guidance on rating methodologies and associated limits, although these are either unvalidated or in draft form. In the UK, planning conditions intended to address AM have been imposed on a small number of wind farms to develop a scheme of assessment. These conditions have been based either on the time series method adopted at Den Brook, which has been the subject of much debate and legal challenge, or the frequency domain method proposed by RenewableUK (RenewableUK, 2013). However, in virtually all cases, planning officers and inspectors, in granting wind farm planning permission, have declined to impose an AM condition; as either they have considered that the need for such a condition had not been demonstrated, or that there was no robust scientific basis for framing such a condition, or both. In a number of cases, a condition requiring a scheme for assessing AM to be agreed with the local planning authority has been imposed; this form of condition relies on the premise that an appropriate method of assessing AM will be available within the development timescale.” In this event that the presence of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise is confirmed it is proposed to use the guidance in the Proceedings of Instiute of Acosutics paper ‘A review of Research into Human Reposne to the Amplitude Modulated Componet of Wind Turbine Noise and Development of a Planning Control Method for Implementation in the UK’1 be used to rate the issue and to apply the appropriate corrections/ratings.

10.4 Receiving Environment

This stage of the assessment was to determine typical background noise levels in the vicinity of the noise sensitive locations in closest proximity to the development site. This was done through installing unattended sound level meters at five representative locations in the surrounding area for approximately a two-week period. Note that no significant sources of vibration were noted at any of the survey locations. The Mountlucas wind farm was not noted to have a significant effect on the noise environment at any of the noise monitoring locations considered here.

10.4.1 Choice of Measurement Locations

The noise monitoring locations were identified by preparing a preliminary noise contour at an early stage of the assessment. Any locations that fell inside the predicted

1 Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Vol. 38. Pt. 1. 2016



35dB LA90,10min noise contour were considered for noise monitoring. The selection of monitoring locations was supplemented by reviewing aerial images of the study area and other online sources of information (e.g. Google Earth). The selected locations for the noise monitoring are outlined in the following sections and are identified in Figure 10.2 (including Figures 10.2 A, B, C and D). Plates 10.1, 102, 10.3, 10.4 and 10.5 illustrate the installed noise monitoring kits at the locations identified in Figure 10.2. Co-ordinates for the locations are detailed in Table 10.3. Table 10.3 Noise Measurement Coordinates

Location Coordinates

Easting Northing

A (H31) 257,717 227,169

B (H74) 258,780 228,707

C (H127) 260,653 228,322

D (H153) 261,394 225,431

E (H276) 257,647 224,336

Significant noise sources in this area were noted to be local and distant traffic movements, activity in and around the residences, wind generated noise from local foliage and other typical anthropogenic sources typically found in such rural settings.

McCarthy Keville O'Sullivan Ltd., Block 1, G.F.S.C, Moneenageisha Road, Galway, Ireland. Email: [email protected] Tel: +353 (0)91 735611 Fax: +353 (0)91 771279

MAP TITLE:

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DRAWING BY: CHECKED BY:

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Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence No. AR 0021815 © Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland

Lorraine Meehan Michael Watson

05-10-2016

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Fig 10.2Noise Monitoring & House Locations: Key Plan

150504 Cloncreen Wind Farm EIS, Co. Offaly

Map Legend

Modelled Property Location

Proposed Turbine Location

Site Boundary

Noise Monitoring Location


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MAP NO.:

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05-10-2016

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Fig 10.2 ANoise Monitoring & House Locations: Map A


Map Legend



Site Boundary



MAP TITLE:

PROJECT TITLE:


MAP NO.:

ISSUE NO.:

SCALE:

DATE:



05-10-2016

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Fig 10.2 BNoise Monitoring & House Locations: Map B


Map Legend



Site Boundary



MAP TITLE:

PROJECT TITLE:


MAP NO.:

ISSUE NO.:

SCALE:

DATE:



05-10-2016

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Fig 10.2 CNoise Monitoring & House Locations: Map C


Map Legend



Site Boundary



MAP TITLE:

PROJECT TITLE:


MAP NO.:

ISSUE NO.:

SCALE:

DATE:



05-10-2016

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Fig 10.2 DNoise Monitoring & House Locations: Map D


Map Legend



Site Boundary




Plate 10.1 Noise Monitoring Location A



Plate 10.2 Noise Monitoring Location B



Plate 10.3 Noise Monitoring Location C



Plate 10.4 Noise Monitoring Location D



Plate 10.5 Noise Monitoring Location E



10.4.2 Measurement Periods

Noise measurements were conducted at relevant monitoring locations over the following periods: Table 10.4 Noise Measurement Periods

Location Start Date End Date

A (H31) 1st March 2016 – 13:30hrs 16th March 2016 – 10:50hrs

B (H74) 1st March 2016 – 14:20hrs 16th March 2016 – 10:30hrs

C (H127) 1st March 2016 – 14:40hrs 16th March 2016 – 10:00hrs

D (H153) 1st March 2016 – 13:50hrs 16th March 2016 – 10:50hrs

E (H276) 1st March 2016 – 14:30hrs 16th March 2016 – 11:10hrs

A sufficient variety of wind speed and weather conditions were encountered over the survey periods in question.

Figure 10.3 Distribution of Wind Speeds & Direction during Survey Period

10.4.3 Personnel and Instrumentation

AWN Consulting installed and removed the noise monitors at all locations. The following instrumentation was used at the various locations: Table 10.5 Instrumentation

Location Equipment Serial Number Calibration Drift

A (H31) Brüel & Kjær Type 2238 2638292 +0.2

B (H74) Brüel & Kjær Type 2238 2562813 +0.1

C (H127) Brüel & Kjær Type 2238 2684495 +0.1

D (H153) Brüel & Kjær Type 2238 2562663 +0.1

E (H276) Brüel & Kjær Type 2238 2654428 +0.3

Calibrator Brüel & Kjær Type 4231 2460007 N/A



Before and after the survey the measurement apparatus was check calibrated using a Brüel & Kjær type 4231 Sound Level Calibrator where appropriate. Relevant calibration certificates are presented in Appendix 10-2. Rain fall was monitored using a Texas Instruments (TR525T) rain gauge with 0.2mm tipping bucket and data logger that was placed at Location D (H153). The rain gauge allows the identification of periods of rain fall in order that they can be removed from the noise monitoring data sets, in line with best practice, when calculating the prevailing background noise levels at the various locations. Wind speed measurements were obtained from an on-site met mast at the location marked on Figure 10.4.

10.4.4 Procedure

Measurements were conducted at the five locations over the survey periods. Sample periods for the noise measurements were 10 minutes during both the daytime and night-time periods. The results were saved to the instrument memory for later analysis. Survey personnel noted potential primary noise sources contributing to noise build-up during the installation and removal of the sound level meters from site (e.g. identified significant noise sources in the area such as local traffic or farm yard activities). LAeq,10min and LA90,10min parameters were measured in this instance.

10.4.5 Consideration of Wind Shear

As part of a robust wind farm noise assessment due consideration should be given to the issue of wind shear. The issue of wind shear has been considered following relevant guidance as outlined in the IoA document A Good Practice Guide to the Application of ETSU-R-97 for the Assessment and Rating of Wind Turbine Noise. This presents the following equations in relation to the derivation of a standardised wind speed at 10m above ground level:

Equation A Shear Exponent Profile:

this uses the following equation:

U = Uref x (H ÷ Href)m

Where: U calculated wind speed. Uref measured wind speed. H height at which the wind speed will be calculated. Href height at which the wind speed is measured. m shear exponent.

Equation B Roughness Length Shear Profile:

this uses the following equation:

U1 = U2 x [(ln(H1 ÷ z))/ (ln(H2 ÷ z))] Where: H1 The height of the wind speed to be calculated (10m) H2 The height of the measured wind speed. U1 The wind speed to be calculated. U2 The measured wind speed. z The roughness length.


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Figure 10.4Wind Monitoring Mast Location

150504 - Cloncreen WF, Co. Offaly

Map Legend

Wind Monitoring Mast Location


Site Location



Note: A roughness length of 0.05m is used to standardise hub height wind speeds to 10m height in the IEC 61400-11:2003 standard, regardless of what the actual roughness length seen on a site may have been. This ‘normalisation’ procedure was adopted for comparability between test results for different turbines.

A data set from the met mast was available for the duration of the baseline noise survey undertaken here. This data set was used to perform a calculation of the shear exponent found between the highest two wind speed measurements for every ten-minute period. The shear exponents calculated for every ten-minute period were then used to calculate the hub height wind speed from that measured at the relevant hub height proposed here, using equation B. Equation A was then used to calculate a ten-metre height wind speed from the hub height wind speed every ten minutes, assuming the reference roughness length of 0.05 m.

10.4.6 Results

The results of the background noise monitoring programme are extensive in nature. The raw data sets are not included in this document but are available on request along with the measured and derived2 wind speeds for the survey period. The following sections present an overview and statistical analysis of the noise monitoring data obtained from the survey programme at each location for day (07:00 to 23:00hrs) and night time periods (23:00 to 07:00hrs). The ETSU document outlines the rationale as to why the use of the LA90 parameter for the assessment of wind turbine sites is preferred over the LAeq parameter. These should be noted in the view of the LAeq data sets presented and commented upon in this report. It states the following:

“experience in the field when performing such measurements indicates that short, transitory noise events can significantly change the LAeq. These events are not related to the noise emitted by the wind farm. These transitory noise events can be sources such as low flying aircraft, bird song, animal noises, cars, wind effects on microphone, etc. Measurements performed in rural areas indicate that the ambient LAeq noise levels may be 5 – 25dB(A) above the L90 background levels due to these transitory events. Therefore, when performing noise measurements for the assessment of compliance with planning conditions or obligations, confusion can occur due to the LAeq being significantly higher than the L90 background noise level due to noise sources not associated with the wind farm. The Noise Working Group is agreed that the LA90(10 minutes) descriptor should be used for both the background noise and the wind farm noise and that when setting limits, it should be borne in mind that the LA90(10 minutes) from the wind farm is likely to be 1.5 – 2.5dB(A) less than the LAeq measured over the same period”.

2 Derived to a level of 10m above ground based on guidance contained within Institute of Acoustics

Acoustic Bulletin Technical Contribution “Prediction and Assessment of Wind Turbine Noise – Agreement about Relevant Factors for Noise Assessment for Wind Energy Projects” (dated March/April 2009)



10.4.6.1 Location A (H31)

10.4.6.1.1 Daytime Period

Figure 10.5 Daytime Regression Analysis – Location A

10.4.6.1.2 Night Period

Figure 10.6 Night Regression Analysis – Location A



10.4.6.2 Location B (H74)


Figure 10.7 Daytime Regression Analysis – Location B


Figure 10.8 Night Regression Analysis – Location B



10.4.6.3 Location C (H127)


Figure 10.9 Daytime Regression Analysis – Location C


Figure 10.10 Night Regression Analysis – Location C



10.4.6.4 Location D (H153)


Figure 10.11 Daytime Regression Analysis – Location D


Figure 10.12 Night Regression Analysis – Location D



10.4.6.5 Location E (H276)


Figure 10.13 Daytime Regression Analysis – Location E


Figure 10.14 Night Regression Analysis – Location E



10.4.6.6 Summary

Table 10.6 presents the various derived LA90,10min noise levels for the monitoring locations for day and night time periods. These levels have been derived using regression analysis carried out on the data sets in line with best practice guidance. Table 10.6 Derived Levels of LA90, 10 min for Various Wind Speeds

Location Period

Derived LA90, 10 min Levels (dB) at various Standaridsed10m

Height Above Ground Wind Speed (m/s)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ≥12

A (H31) Day 29.6 30.9 32.7 35.2 38.4 42.3 46.9 52.3 55.0

Night 20.9 23.5 26.7 30.6 35.2 40.4 46.3 46.5 46.5

B (H74) Day 29.5 30.0 30.7 31.9 33.8 36.6 40.6 46.0 46.0

Night 22.6 23.2 25.0 28.3 32.9 38.3 43.8 47.8 48.8

C (H127) Day 31.4 32.0 32.8 33.9 35.5 37.5 40.2 43.6 47.9

Night 30.0 30.1 30.6 31.8 33.9 37.4 42.5 49.5 50.0

D (H153) Day 31.9 33.0 34.4 36.1 38.3 41.0 44.2 48.1 48.1

Night 25.2 27.1 29.2 31.5 33.9 36.5 39.3 42.3 45.4

E (H276) Day 31.1 31.1 31.8 33.2 35.6 39.1 43.7 49.6 49.6

Night 22.8 24.5 27.2 30.8 35.0 39.7 44.7 49.7 49.7

Envelope Day 29.5 30.0 30.7 31.9 33.8 36.6 40.2 43.6 46.0

Night 20.9 23.2 25.0 28.3 32.9 36.5 39.3 42.3 45.4

A worst case envelope based on the lowest average levels at the various wind speeds has been presented in Table 10.6. Therefore, the noise criteria curves for this assessment will be based on this baseline noise levels envelope. This is considered a worst case approach to this aspect of the assessment.

10.5 Likely Significant Effects and Mitigation Measures

10.5.1 Construction Phase Potential Effects

10.5.1.1 General Construction Noise

A variety of items of plant will be in use for the purposes of site preparation, construction and site works. There will be vehicular movements to and from the site that will make use of existing roads. Due to the nature of these activities, there is potential for generation of significant levels of noise. Due to the fact that the construction programme has been established in outline form only, it is difficult to calculate the actual magnitude of noise emissions to the local environment. However, it is possible to predict typical noise levels using guidance set out in British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise. In this instance, the noise-sensitive locations surround the site at varying distances with the nearest property to any turbine being the order of 750m (i.e. Location H75 from proposed turbine T20). A number of indicative sources that would be expected on a site of this nature have been identified and noise predictions of their potential effects prepared to the closest houses. The assessment is considered to be representative of worst case and construction noise levels will be slightly lower at properites located futher than 750m from the works.



Table 10.7 outlines the noise levels associated with typical construction noise sources assessed in this instance along with typical sound pressure levels and spectra from BS 5228 – 1: 2009. The predicted noise levels from construction activities are in the range of 27 to 45dB LAeq,1hr at these locations with a cumulative level of the order of 48dB LAeq,1hr. In all instances the predicted noise levels are below the appropriate Category A value (i.e. 65dB LAeq,1hr) and therefore a significant effect is not predicted in relation to the nearest noise sensitive locations in terms of construction noise. Note that the predicted noise levels referred to in this section are indicative only and are intended to demonstrate that it will be possible for the contractor to comply with current best practice guidance. It should also be noted that the predicted “worst case” levels are expected to occur for only short periods of time at a very limited number of properties. Construction noise levels will be lower than these levels for the majority of the time at the majority of properties in the vicinity of the proposed development. There are no items of plant that would be expected to give rise to noise levels that would be considered out of the ordinary or in exceedance of the levels outlined in Table 10.1. Table 10.7 Typical Wind Farm Turbine Construction Noise Emission Levels

Item

(BS 5228 Ref.) Activity/Notes

Plant Noise Level

at 10m Distance

(dB LAeq,T) 3

Predicted Noise

Level at 700m

(dB LAeq,1hr)

HGV Movement (C.2.30)

Removing spoil and transporting fill and other materials.

79 36

Tracked Excavator (C.4.64)

Removing soil and rubble in preparation for foundation.

77 34

Piling Operations (C.12.14)

Standard pile driving.

88 45

General Construction (Various)

All general activities plus deliveries of materials and plant.

70 – 84 27 – 41

Dewatering Pumps (D.7.70)

If required. 80 37

JCB (D.8.13)

For services, drainage and landscaping.

82 39

Vibrating Rollers (D.8.29)

Road surfacing. 77 34

TOTAL -- 48

3 All plant noise levels are derived from BS 5228: Part 1



Due to the distance of the proposed works from sensitive locations significant vibration effects are not expected.

In terms of these construction activities the assocatied effect is:

Quaility Significance Duration Neutral Impercptible Short Term

10.5.1.2 Borrow Pit

There is a former gravel pit located in the north central section of the site, as shown

on Figure 10.15. This pit was used historically by Bord na Mὸna mainly for the

construction and upgrading of railways and other infrastructure within the site and wider bog complex. The gravel pit was used over many years but most intensely between 1995 and 2000. The gravel pit is not in use and the rehabilitation of the borrow pit site has been completed however there remains a gravel resource at this location and it is intended to use this resource as part of the wind farm development. The extraction of rock from the borrow pit will occur during the construction stage. This extraction is a work stage of the proposed project which will be a temporary operation run over a short period of time relative to the duration of the entire project. As outlined in the AGEC Borrow Pit Assessment Report 2015 (see Appendix 7-1 of this EIS), there is a layer of overburden present at the borrow pit location which will be stripped back and stockpiled using standard track mounted excavators. The extraction method for the useful rock below will be relatively simple as the rock resource is a weathered sand and gravel conforming to use for construction of roads and other infrastructure and therefore excavator’s will be used to excavate the gravels and stockpile them within the borrow pit area pending loading onto trucks for use around the site. A construction noise model has been prepared to consider the expected noise emissions from the proposed construction works associated with the borrow pit. The predicted levels are detailed in Table 10.8 at the closest noise sensitive locations identified within the study area. A full listing of predictions to all locations in the study area is presented in Appendix 10-3. One potential borrow pit is proposed for the site and has been assessed in order to demonstrate the likely noise effects associated with this aspect of the development. Review of the data contained in Table 10.8 confirms the following:

Predicted construction noise levels for the both borrow pit is well within the best practice construction noise criteria outlined in Table 10.1. It is assumed that construction works at the borrow pit will only occur during daytime periods only (07:00 to 19:00hrs).

Table 10.8 Comparison of Predicted Construction Noise Levels – Borrow Pit

Location

Borrow Pit

Predicted Construction Noise Level

dB LAeq,1hr

H031 35

H032 34

H030 34

H029 34

H359 33


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Figure 10.15Proposed Borrow Pit & Substation Options

150504 - Cloncreen Wind Farm

Map Legend

Site Boundary

Existing 110 kV Overhead Line

Proposed Grid ConnectionOption B: Overhead Line

Proposed Substation: Option B

Proposed Grid ConnectionOption A: Underground Cable

Proposed Substation: Option A

Construction Compound

Proposed Met Mast

Proposed Borrow Pit

Proposed Turbine EntranceRoad

Proposed Road




Location

Borrow Pit

Predicted Construction Noise Level

dB LAeq,1hr

H031 35

H027 33

H028 33

H026 32

H025 32

H033 31

H024 31

H034 30

H023 30

H022 30

The noise levels associated with borrow pit operations are some30dB lower than the 65dB LAeq,1hr significant effect criterion adopted in this instance. In terms of these construction activities the assocatied effect is:

Quaility Significance Duration Neutral Slight Short Term

10.5.1.3 Grid Connection/Substation

The planning application for the proposed wind farm development includes connection to the electricity grid. It is intended that the proposed wind farm will be connected to the National Grid via one of the following routes:

Option A: construction of a 110 kV substation in the eastern section of site, to

connect to existing 110 kV Cushaling substation at Edenderry Power Plant. Connection will be via underground cable approx 1.7km in length, located within Bord na Móna lands and curtilage of the public road.

Or

Option B: construction of a 110 kV substation in southern section of site, to connect to existing 110 kV Thornsberry/Cushaling electricity transmission line, located within the site. Connection will be via two short sections of overhead line, (less than 0.1km)

Both substations and grid connection methods have been assessed individually as part of this EIS. The underground cable required to facilitate grid connection will be laid beneath the surface of site and/or public roads using the following methodology:

The area where excavations are planned will be surveyed, prior to the commencement of works, with a cable avoiding tool and all existing underground services will be identified.

Two teams consisting of two tracked excavators, two dumpers and a tractor and stone cart with side-shoot will dig the trench for and lay approximately 300m of the underground cable ducting per day.

Both teams will start approximately 150m apart with the team behind finishing at the starting point of the team ahead.



The excavators will open a trench at the edge of the road surface, the trench will be a maximum of 600mm wide and 1,250mm.

Clay plugs will be installed at 50m intervals to prevent the trench becoming a conduit for surface water runoff.

Cable joint pits will be located at approximately 500m intervals, each joint pit will be approximately 2.6x8m in size and contain a communications chamber, an earth link box and a cable joint bay, all of which will be located in the road edge and accessible for cable pulling and future maintenance.

The excavated material will be loaded into the dumpers to be transported to a designated temporary stockpiling area to be reused as backfilling material where appropriate.

Once the trench has been excavated, a base layer of blinding will be installed by the tractor and cart and compacted by the excavators.

The ducting along with marker strips will then be placed in the trench as per relevant specifications.

Blinding will be installed to 75mm above the cable ducting and compacted. The remainder of the trench will be backfilled with granular material and

compacted. The trench will be surfaced as per the road surface specifications of the

national or local public road. The methodology for construction of the short section of overhead line will encompass the following:

The existing 110kV overhead line will be modified to allow the line to turn into the new 110kV substation, this will involve the removal of one number double pole set and the installation of two number turning angle masts and two number end masts within the substation area.

Temporary access roads will be required from the substation road to the angle mast location to enable the delivery of stone and concrete required for the angle mast foundations.

An outage of the existing Cushaling to Mountlucas overhead line will be sought and programed by Eirgrid’s on the annual grid outage programme.

Dead man stays will be installed to support the existing poleset’s prior to the breaking overhead line at the location of the new anglemasts.

The angle and end mast foundations will then be sheet piled, excavated, blinded, stoned up, prior to concrete shuttering and pouring of base and each angle mast leg.

After completion of concrete pouring the ground surrounding the mast will be reinstated.

After a sufficient concrete curing period the angle and end masts will be fully assembled on the ground before being lifted into place using a mobile crane.

Crews will fix and bolt the masts in place and attach the lightning rod. The installation of 3no conductors and 2 no shield wires will then tie the

existing overhead line into the new station at two points or bays. Bird diverters may also be installed on the new conductor as required. It is also common for a fiber optic cable which may wrapped around one of the

conductors to be terminated into the new substation. Construction activities will be carried out during normal daytime working hours. Construction noise predictions have been carried out using guidance set out in British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise.



In terms of the proposed substation the works are remote from the nearest residential noise sensitive locations. Table 10.9 outlines the noise levels associated with typical construction noise sources assessed in this instance along with typical sound pressure levels and spectra from BS 5228 – 1: 2009+A1:2014 at various distances from these works. Table 10.9 Indicative Noise Levels from Construction Plant at Various Distances from

the Grid Connection Works

Item

(BS 5228 Ref.)

Highest Predicted Noise Level at Stated Distance from Edge of

Works (dB LAeq,1hr)

20m 40m 60m 100m

Pneumatic breaker

(C.8.12) 66 60 56 52

Wheeled loader

(C.3.51)* 62 56 52 48

Tracked excavator

(C.3.43)* 63 57 53 49

Dozer

(C.3.30)* 64 58 54 50

Dump truck

(C.3.60)* 60 54 50 46

Asphalt Spread

(C.8.24) 70 64 60 56

Compressor

(C.7.27) 61 55 51 47

Road Roller

(C.3.114) 65 59 55 51

HGV Movements

(10 per hour) 53 50 49 46

Note * Assume noise control measures as outlined in Table B1 of BS 5228 – 1 (i.e. fit acoustic exhaust).

The noise levels presented are within the limit values shown in Table 10.9, for daytime periods on weekdays, at distances of 20m or greater from the works. Where a noise sensitive location is within 20m of works detailed consideration to potential construction noise effects will be required and appropriate mitigation measures implemented in order to manage associated effects. Typical mitigation measures that can be considered are outlined in the mitigation section of this document with further guidance contained within the BS 5228 standards. At distances greater than 20m from the works the total predicted noise levels are predicted to be of the order of or below the 65dB LAeq,1hr construction noise criterion adopted here and therefore a significant effect is not predicted in relation to the nearest noise sensitive locations in terms of this aspect of potential construction noise. It is understood that the proposed cable route is at distances greater than 20m from existing nosie sensitive locations. In terms of these construction activities the assocatied effect is:




10.5.2 Operational Phase Potential Effects

10.5.2.1 Noise Model

A series of computer-based prediction models have been prepared in order to quantify the cumulative noise level associated with the operational phase of the proposed development and the operating Mounlucas development. This section discusses the methodology behind the noise modelling process and presents the results of the modelling exercise.

10.5.2.2 Brüel & Kjær Type 7810 Predictor

Proprietary noise calculation software was used for the purposes of this impact assessment. The selected software, Brüel & Kjær Type 7810 Predictor, calculates noise levels in accordance with ISO 9613: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound outdoors, Part 2: General method of calculation, 1996. Brüel & Kjær Type 7810 Predictor is a proprietary noise calculation package for computing noise levels in the vicinity of noise sources. Predictor calculates noise levels in different ways depending on the selected prediction standard. In general, however, the resultant noise level is calculated taking into account a range of factors affecting the propagation of sound, including:

the magnitude of the noise source in terms of A weighted sound power levels (LWA);

the distance between the source and receiver; the presence of obstacles such as screens or barriers in the propagation path; the presence of reflecting surfaces; the hardness of the ground between the source and receiver; Attenuation due to atmospheric absorption; and Meteorological effects such as wind gradient, temperature gradient and

humidity (these have significant impact at distances greater than approximately 400m).

10.5.2.3 Input Data and Assumptions

Contour and shape file information available for the site has been inputted into our Brüel & Kjaer Type 7810 Predictor noise modelling software using the ISO 9613-2:1996 Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors: General method of calculation. The proposal in question considers the construction of twenty-one turbine units on the site as detailed in Section 3 of this EIS.

10.5.2.3.1 Proposed Turbine Details

Table 10.10 details the co-ordinates of the turbines that are being considered as part of this assessment.



Table 10.10 Turbine Co-ordinates

Ref. Co-ordinates

Ref. Co-ordinates

Easting Northing Easting Northing

T01 256,800 226,488 T12 257,619 226,175

T02 257,048 225,892 T13 258,347 226,393

T03 257,413 225,414 T14 259,015 226,468

T04 257,989 225,205 T15 259,626 226,622

T05 258,613 225,277 T16 260,132 227,002

T06 259,204 225,499 T17 260,311 227,596

T07 260,151 225,822 T18 259,633 227,344

T08 260,306 226,423 T19 259,041 227,084

T09 259,569 226,011 T20 259,006 227,710

T10 258,749 225,901 T21 259,825 227,955

T11 258,107 225,818 --

The following sections detail the noise spectra for the various turbine units under consideration that have been used for modeling purposes. For the purposes of this assessment, the turbine type adopted for the development site is the Vestas V126 3.3MW4. The turbine is a pitch regulated upwind turbine with a three-blade rotor. For the purposes of this assessment predictions have assumed the source of noise at a tip height of 170m. Each wind turbine is secured to a circular-shaped reinforced concrete foundation. While the noise profiles of the Vestas V126 wind turbine have been used for the purposes of this assessment, the actual turbine to be installed on the site will be the subject of a competitive tender process and could include turbines not amongst the turbine models currently available. Regardless of the make or model of the turbine eventually selected for installation on site, the noise it will give rise to will be of no greater significance than that used for the purposes of this assessment, to ensure the findings of this assessment remain valid. Any references to the Vestas turbines in this assessment must be considered in the context of the above, and should not be construed as meaning it is the only make or model of wind turbine that could be used on the site. Table 10.11 and 10.12 details the noise spectra used for noise modelling purposes for the Cloncreen and Mountlucas developments respectively. As outlined, appropriate guidance is couched in terms of a LA90,10mim criterion. The provided turbine noise, in terms of LAeq, has been adjusted by subtracting 2dB to give a representative LA90 as outlined in best practice guidance:

“The Noise Working Group is agreed that the LA90(10 minutes) descriptor should be used for both the background noise and the wind farm noise and that when setting limits it should be borne in mind that the LA90(10 minutes) from the wind farm is likely to be 1.5 – 2.5dB(A) less than the LAeq measured over the same period.”

4 Vestas Technical Report – DMS 0048-2151_V01 V126-3.3MW-Mk2A-50/60 Hz Third Octaves

according to General Specification. Data has been corrected from hub height to a standardised 10m above ground wind speed with an assumed hub height of 100m. This manufacturer’s data has been used, including details of noise spectra. The detailed noise spectra are not presented here due for commercial reasons and associated non-disclosure agreements with the manufacturer.



Table 10.11 LwA Levels Used for Prediction Model – Vestas V126 3.3MW

Wind Speed

(m/s)

dB

LwA

4 93.5

5 98

6 103.1

7 104.9

8 105.3

9 105.7

≥10 105.9

Table 10.12 LwA Levels Used for Prediction Model – Siemens S101 3MW (Mountlucas)5

Wind Speed

(m/s)

dB

LwA

4 99

5 103.9

6 105.8

≥7 107

Best practice also specifies that a penalty should be added to the predicted noise levels, where any tonal component is present. The level of this penalty is described and is related to the level by which any tonal components exceed audibility. For the purposes of this assessment a tonal penalty has not been included within the predicted noise levels. A warranty will be sought from the manufacturers of the turbine for the Cloncreen site to ensure that the noise output will not require a tonal noise correction under best practice guidance. For the purposes of all predictions presented in this report to account for various uncertainties in the measurement of turbine source levels, a factor of 2dB has been added to the manufacturer’s values in line with best practice wind turbine noise assessment.

10.5.2.4 Modelling Calculation Parameters6

Prediction calculations for turbine noise have been conducted in accordance with ISO 9613: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound outdoors, Part 2: General method of calculation, 1996. In terms of calculation a ground attenuation factor (general method) of 0.5 and no metrological correction were assumed for all calculations. The atmospheric attenuation outlined in Table 10.13 was assumed for all calculations. Table 10.13 Atmospheric Attenuation Assumed for Noise Calculations (dB per km)

Temp

(ºC)

%

Humidity

Octave Band Centre Frequencies (Hz)

63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

10 70 0.12 0.41 1.04 1.92 3.66 9.70 33.06 118.4

5 Siemens Technical Report – Standard Acoustic Emission, SWT-3.0-101 (107 dB), Hub Height 99.5

m Document ID: E W EN OEN DES TLS-10-0000-0300-00 HST, KOE / 2012.03.28. This manufacturer’s data has been used, including details of noise spectra. The detailed noise spectra are not presented here due for commercial reasons and associated non-disclosure agreements with the manufacturer.

6 See Appendix 10-4 for further discussion of calculation parameters.



10.5.2.5 Additional Information

Building locations have been taken from information supplied by McCarthy Keville O’Sullivan. Appendix 10-5 details the locations assessed as identified in a house survey conducted of all properties in proximity of the application site boundary. Noise predictions were prepared in respect of the various turbine wind speeds at these locations. Ground topography, geographical features have been taken from survey information supplied by McCarthy Keville O’Sullivan and Ordnance Survey maps.

10.5.2.6 Assessment of Operational Phase

As stated previously guidance in relation to acceptable levels of noise from wind farms is contained in the documents Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government “Planning Guidelines on Wind Energy” and Department of Trade & Industry (UK) Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) publication “The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms” (1996) and considering planning conditions applied by the local authority and An Bord Pleanála in relation to other sites in the study area. The lower daytime threshold level of 40dB(A) or a maximum increase of 5dB(A) above background level has been chosen. This has been chosen as it is in line with the intent of the relevant Irish guidance and is comparable to noise planning conditions applied to similar sites in the area previously granted planning permission by the local authority and An Bord Pleanála. Based on the statistical analysis of wind speed data and baseline noise level information day and night time noise criteria curves have been developed and are presented in the relevant sections. The daytime curves are based on a lower fixed level of 40dB LA90,10min. A night time criterion of 43dB LA90,10min has been adopted as per best practice Irish guidance. Table 10.14 outlines the derived noise criteria curves based on the information contained within Table 10.6. Note the curves are based on the baseline noise levels which represent the lowest baseline noise levels measured as part of the noise monitoring programme. Table 10.14 Noise Criteria Curves

Period

Derived LA90, 10 min Levels (dB)

at various 10m Height Wind Speed (m/s)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ≥12

Day 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.2 48.6 51.0

Night 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0

The cumulative noise levels for the proposed site area have been calculated. In the first instance a worst case assessment has been completed assuming all noise locations are downwind of all turbines at the same time. The predicted levels have been compared against the adopted noise criteria curves as detailed in Table 10.14. Table 10.15 presents the details of the exercise at all locations considered as part of this assessment.



Table 10.15 Review of Excesses of Day & Night Criteria Curves

Name Description dB LA90,10min at Various Standardised Wind Speeds (m/s)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Day Criterion Curve 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.2 48.6 51.0

Night Criterion Curve 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0

H001 -- 27.7 32.0 36.3 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.7 38.7 38.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H002 -- 25.6 30.0 33.6 35.6 35.6 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H003 -- 25.4 29.8 33.4 35.3 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H004 -- 25.3 29.7 33.2 35.2 35.2 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H005 -- 25.2 29.7 33.1 35.1 35.1 35.2 35.2 35.2 35.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H006 -- 26.8 31.1 35.4 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.8 37.8 37.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H007 -- 24.7 29.2 32.4 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.3 34.3 34.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H008 -- 24.6 29.1 32.1 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H009 -- 25.3 29.9 32.7 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H010 -- 25.3 29.8 32.7 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H011 -- 26.4 31.1 33.4 34.9 34.9 34.9 34.9 34.9 34.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H012 -- 26.3 31.0 33.3 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H013 -- 27.0 31.8 34.0 35.4 35.4 35.4 35.4 35.4 35.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H014 -- 26.8 31.6 33.8 35.2 35.2 35.2 35.2 35.2 35.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H015 -- 27.2 32.0 34.1 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H016 -- 26.9 31.7 33.9 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H017 -- 27.2 32.0 34.1 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H018 -- 27.9 32.1 36.7 38.9 38.9 39.1 39.2 39.2 39.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H019 -- 28.2 32.4 37.0 39.2 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.5 39.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H020 -- 27.4 31.6 36.2 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.6 38.6 38.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H021 -- 27.5 31.7 36.3 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.7 38.7 38.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H022 -- 27.6 31.8 36.4 38.5 38.5 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H023 -- 27.7 31.9 36.5 38.7 38.7 38.9 39.0 39.0 39.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H024 -- 27.9 32.1 36.7 38.9 38.9 39.1 39.2 39.2 39.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H025 -- 28.2 32.3 37.0 39.2 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.5 39.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H026 -- 28.3 32.5 37.2 39.4 39.4 39.6 39.7 39.7 39.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H027 -- 28.4 32.6 37.3 39.5 39.5 39.7 39.8 39.8 39.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H028 -- 28.1 32.3 37.0 39.2 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.5 39.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H029 -- 28.9 33.1 37.8 40.0 40.0 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H030 -- 28.9 33.1 37.9 40.0 40.0 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H031 -- 29.5 33.7 38.5 40.7 40.7 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H032 Farmyard 29.6 33.8 38.6 40.8 40.8 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H033 -- 27.3 31.4 36.1 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H034 -- 26.6 30.8 35.3 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.8 37.8 37.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H035 -- 26.4 30.5 35.0 37.2 37.2 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H036 -- 26.3 30.4 34.9 37.1 37.1 37.3 37.4 37.4 37.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H037 -- 25.9 30.1 34.5 36.7 36.7 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H038 -- 25.8 30.0 34.4 36.6 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.8 36.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H039 -- 25.7 29.9 34.3 36.5 36.5 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H040 -- 25.8 30.0 34.4 36.5 36.5 36.7 36.8 36.8 36.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H041 -- 25.9 30.0 34.5 36.6 36.6 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H042 -- 26.0 30.1 34.6 36.7 36.7 36.9 37.0 37.0 37.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H043 -- 25.4 29.5 33.9 36.1 36.1 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H044 -- 25.4 29.5 34.0 36.1 36.1 36.3 36.4 36.4 36.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H045 -- 25.3 29.4 33.8 36.0 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.2 36.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H046 -- 25.1 29.2 33.6 35.8 35.8 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H047 -- 25.0 29.1 33.5 35.7 35.7 35.8 35.9 35.9 35.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H048 -- 25.1 29.2 33.7 35.9 35.9 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H049 -- 25.1 29.2 33.6 35.8 35.8 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H050 -- 24.8 28.8 33.3 35.5 35.5 35.6 35.7 35.7 35.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H051 -- 24.7 28.8 33.2 35.4 35.4 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H052 -- 24.8 28.9 33.4 35.6 35.6 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H053 -- 24.1 28.2 32.6 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H054 -- 23.8 27.9 32.3 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.7 34.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H055 -- 24.0 28.0 32.4 34.7 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H056 -- 24.1 28.1 32.6 34.8 34.8 34.9 35.0 35.0 35.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H057 -- 24.2 28.3 32.7 35.0 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.2 35.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H058 -- 24.4 28.4 32.9 35.1 35.1 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H059 -- 24.5 28.5 33.0 35.3 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H060 -- 23.6 27.7 32.1 34.3 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H061 -- 23.5 27.6 32.0 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H062 -- 23.5 27.5 31.9 34.1 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.3 34.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H063 -- 23.6 27.6 32.0 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H064 -- 23.7 27.7 32.1 34.3 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H065 -- 22.9 27.0 31.3 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H066 -- 22.5 26.5 30.8 33.0 33.0 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H067 -- 22.7 26.7 31.0 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H068 -- 22.4 26.4 30.7 33.0 33.0 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H069 -- 21.8 25.8 30.1 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H070 -- 21.7 25.7 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H071 -- 27.6 31.7 36.6 38.8 38.8 39.0 39.1 39.1 39.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H072 -- 27.1 31.3 36.1 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.6 38.6 38.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H073 -- 26.9 31.0 35.8 38.0 38.0 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H074 -- 26.4 30.6 35.3 37.5 37.5 37.8 37.8 37.8 37.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H075 Farmyard 28.8 33.0 37.9 40.1 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.4 40.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H076 -- 26.2 30.3 35.1 37.3 37.3 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H077 -- 26.2 30.3 35.1 37.3 37.3 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H078 -- 26.2 30.3 35.1 37.3 37.3 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H079 -- 26.8 30.9 35.7 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H080 -- 27.4 31.5 36.4 38.6 38.6 38.8 38.9 38.9 38.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H081 -- 26.2 30.3 35.1 37.3 37.3 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H082 -- 26.0 30.1 34.9 37.1 37.1 37.3 37.4 37.4 37.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H083 -- 25.9 30.0 34.8 37.0 37.0 37.2 37.3 37.3 37.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H084 -- 25.8 29.9 34.7 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.2 37.2 37.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H085 -- 25.8 29.9 34.6 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.1 37.1 37.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H086 -- 25.4 29.5 34.2 36.5 36.5 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H087 -- 25.3 29.3 34.1 36.3 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H088 -- 23.9 28.0 32.6 34.9 34.9 35.0 35.1 35.1 35.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H089 -- 25.5 29.6 34.4 36.6 36.6 36.8 36.9 36.9 36.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H090 -- 24.9 29.0 33.7 35.9 35.9 36.1 36.2 36.2 36.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H091 -- 24.0 28.0 32.7 34.9 34.9 35.1 35.2 35.2 35.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H092 -- 23.9 27.9 32.6 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H093 -- 23.7 27.8 32.4 34.7 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H094 -- 23.6 27.6 32.2 34.5 34.5 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H095 -- 23.2 27.2 31.8 34.0 34.0 34.2 34.3 34.3 34.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H096 -- 23.0 27.0 31.6 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H097 -- 22.8 26.8 31.4 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H098 -- 22.6 26.6 31.2 33.5 33.5 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H099 -- 22.8 26.8 31.4 33.7 33.7 33.8 33.9 33.9 33.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H100 -- 23.0 27.0 31.7 33.9 33.9 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H101 -- 23.1 27.1 31.8 34.1 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.3 34.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H102 -- 22.9 26.9 31.5 33.8 33.8 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H103 -- 20.2 24.0 28.5 30.9 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.0 31.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H104 -- 20.5 24.3 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H105 -- 20.4 24.3 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H106 -- 20.7 24.5 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H107 -- 21.4 25.3 29.9 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H108 -- 22.3 26.2 30.9 33.1 33.1 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H109 -- 22.1 26.0 30.6 32.9 32.9 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H110 -- 21.6 25.5 30.1 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H111 -- 20.7 24.5 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H112 -- 23.3 27.3 32.0 34.3 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H113 -- 23.6 27.6 32.3 34.6 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.8 34.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H114 -- 23.2 27.2 31.9 34.2 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H115 -- 23.4 27.4 32.1 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.6 34.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H116 -- 23.6 27.6 32.3 34.6 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H117 -- 23.8 27.8 32.6 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.1 35.1 35.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H118 -- 23.8 27.8 32.5 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H119 -- 24.2 28.3 33.0 35.3 35.3 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H120 -- 24.4 28.4 33.2 35.5 35.5 35.6 35.7 35.7 35.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H121 -- 24.6 28.7 33.5 35.7 35.7 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H122 -- 24.1 28.1 32.9 35.1 35.1 35.3 35.4 35.4 35.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H123 -- 24.5 28.5 33.3 35.6 35.6 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H124 -- 25.9 30.0 34.9 37.1 37.1 37.3 37.4 37.4 37.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H125 -- 27.2 31.4 36.3 38.5 38.5 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H126 -- 27.9 32.0 36.9 39.2 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.5 39.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H127 -- 28.1 32.3 37.2 39.4 39.4 39.7 39.8 39.8 39.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H128 -- 27.8 31.9 36.8 39.0 39.0 39.3 39.3 39.3 39.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H129 -- 26.7 30.8 35.6 37.8 37.8 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H130 -- 26.8 30.9 35.8 38.0 38.0 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H131 -- 26.8 30.9 35.8 38.0 38.0 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H132 -- 26.8 30.9 35.7 38.0 38.0 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H133 -- 26.7 30.8 35.6 37.8 37.8 38.0 38.1 38.1 38.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H134 -- 26.7 30.8 35.7 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H135 -- 26.6 30.7 35.6 37.8 37.8 38.0 38.1 38.1 38.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H136 -- 26.6 30.7 35.5 37.8 37.8 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H137 -- 26.5 30.6 35.5 37.7 37.7 37.9 38.0 38.0 38.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H138 -- 26.5 30.6 35.4 37.6 37.6 37.8 37.9 37.9 37.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H139 -- 26.4 30.5 35.3 37.6 37.6 37.8 37.8 37.8 37.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H140 -- 25.3 29.3 34.1 36.4 36.4 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H141 -- 24.8 28.8 33.6 35.8 35.8 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H142 -- 24.7 28.7 33.5 35.7 35.7 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H143 -- 25.3 29.3 34.1 36.4 36.4 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H144 -- 22.7 26.6 31.3 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H145 -- 22.6 26.5 31.2 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H146 -- 22.5 26.4 31.1 33.4 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H147 -- 22.7 26.6 31.3 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H148 -- 22.5 26.4 31.1 33.4 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H149 -- 22.1 26.0 30.7 33.0 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.2 33.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H150 -- 22.2 26.1 30.8 33.1 33.1 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H151 -- 23.3 27.3 32.0 34.3 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H152 -- 24.7 28.8 33.5 35.8 35.8 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H153 -- 24.7 28.8 33.5 35.8 35.8 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H154 -- 24.7 28.8 33.5 35.8 35.8 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H155 -- 25.9 30.0 34.8 37.0 37.0 37.2 37.3 37.3 37.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H156 -- 24.2 28.2 32.9 35.2 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.4 35.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H157 -- 23.9 27.9 32.6 34.9 34.9 35.0 35.1 35.1 35.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H158 -- 23.7 27.7 32.4 34.7 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H159 -- 23.7 27.7 32.4 34.7 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H160 -- 23.6 27.5 32.2 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.7 34.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H161 -- 23.5 27.4 32.1 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.6 34.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H162 -- 23.3 27.2 31.9 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H163 -- 23.2 27.2 31.9 34.1 34.1 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H164 -- 23.1 27.1 31.7 34.0 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H165 -- 23.0 27.0 31.6 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H166 -- 22.9 26.9 31.5 33.8 33.8 33.9 34.0 34.0 34.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H167 -- 22.9 26.8 31.4 33.7 33.7 33.9 33.9 33.9 33.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H168 -- 22.8 26.7 31.3 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H169 -- 23.1 27.1 31.7 34.0 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H170 -- 23.0 27.0 31.6 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H171 -- 22.7 26.7 31.3 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H172 -- 22.6 26.5 31.1 33.4 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H173 -- 22.5 26.4 31.0 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.5 33.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H174 -- 21.9 25.8 30.3 32.6 32.6 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H175 -- 21.9 25.8 30.4 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H176 -- 22.2 26.1 30.7 33.0 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.2 33.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H177 -- 22.5 26.4 31.0 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.5 33.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H178 -- 22.3 26.2 30.8 33.1 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H179 -- 22.1 26.0 30.6 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.1 33.1 33.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H180 -- 21.9 25.8 30.4 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H181 -- 21.8 25.7 30.3 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H182 -- 21.6 25.5 30.1 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H183 -- 21.7 25.7 30.2 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H184 -- 21.6 25.5 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H185 -- 21.4 25.3 29.8 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H186 -- 21.6 25.5 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H187 -- 21.6 25.5 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H188 -- 21.6 25.5 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H189 -- 21.5 25.4 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H190 -- 21.5 25.4 29.9 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H191 -- 21.5 25.4 29.9 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H192 -- 21.5 25.4 29.9 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H193 -- 21.4 25.3 29.8 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H194 -- 21.4 25.3 29.8 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H195 -- 21.4 25.3 29.8 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H196 -- 21.4 25.3 29.8 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H197 -- 21.4 25.2 29.7 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H198 -- 21.3 25.2 29.7 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H199 -- 21.3 25.2 29.7 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H200 -- 21.3 25.2 29.7 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H201 -- 21.3 25.2 29.6 31.9 31.9 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H202 -- 21.2 25.1 29.6 31.9 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H203 -- 21.2 25.1 29.5 31.9 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H204 -- 21.2 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H205 -- 21.1 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H206 -- 21.1 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H207 -- 21.1 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H208 -- 21.1 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H209 -- 21.1 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H210 -- 21.1 25.0 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H211 -- 21.1 25.0 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H212 -- 21.1 24.9 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H213 -- 21.0 24.9 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H214 -- 21.0 24.9 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H215 -- 21.0 24.8 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H216 -- 20.9 24.8 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H217 -- 20.9 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H218 -- 20.9 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H219 -- 20.8 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H220 -- 20.8 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H221 -- 20.8 24.7 29.1 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H222 -- 21.0 24.8 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H223 -- 20.9 24.8 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H224 -- 20.9 24.8 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H225 -- 20.9 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H226 -- 20.9 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H227 -- 20.9 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H228 -- 20.8 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H229 -- 20.8 24.7 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H230 -- 20.9 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H231 -- 20.9 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H232 -- 20.8 24.7 29.1 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H233 -- 20.8 24.7 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H234 -- 20.7 24.6 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H235 -- 20.7 24.6 29.0 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H236 -- 20.8 24.6 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H237 -- 20.7 24.6 29.0 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H238 -- 20.6 24.5 29.0 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H239 -- 20.6 24.5 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H240 -- 20.6 24.4 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H241 -- 20.5 24.4 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H242 -- 20.5 24.3 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H243 -- 20.4 24.3 28.7 31.0 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H244 -- 20.5 24.3 28.7 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H245 -- 20.6 24.4 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H246 -- 20.6 24.5 29.0 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H247 -- 20.7 24.6 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H248 -- 20.8 24.7 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H249 -- 21.1 25.0 29.5 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H250 -- 21.0 24.9 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H251 -- 21.2 25.1 29.6 31.9 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H252 -- 21.7 25.6 30.2 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H253 -- 21.2 25.1 29.7 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H254 -- 20.8 24.6 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H255 -- 20.5 24.4 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H256 -- 20.6 24.4 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H257 -- 20.1 23.9 28.3 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H258 -- 19.9 23.7 28.1 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H259 -- 24.8 28.8 33.5 35.7 35.7 35.9 35.9 35.9 35.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H260 -- 25.6 29.6 34.3 36.6 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.8 36.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H261 -- 26.4 30.5 35.2 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H262 -- 27.1 31.2 36.0 38.2 38.2 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H263 -- 26.8 31.0 35.7 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H264 -- 26.4 30.5 35.2 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H265 -- 23.8 27.9 32.4 34.7 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H266 -- 24.9 28.9 33.5 35.7 35.7 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H267 -- 25.7 29.8 34.4 36.7 36.7 36.8 36.9 36.9 36.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H268 -- 26.9 31.0 35.7 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H269 -- 27.7 31.8 36.6 38.8 38.8 39.0 39.1 39.1 39.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H270 -- 27.7 31.8 36.6 38.8 38.8 39.0 39.1 39.1 39.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H271 -- 27.7 31.9 36.7 38.9 38.9 39.1 39.1 39.1 39.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H272 -- 27.8 32.0 36.8 39.0 39.0 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H273 -- 28.3 32.5 37.3 39.5 39.5 39.7 39.8 39.8 39.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H274 -- 28.2 32.4 37.1 39.3 39.3 39.5 39.6 39.6 39.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H275 -- 27.9 32.1 36.8 38.9 38.9 39.2 39.2 39.2 39.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H276 -- 27.8 32.0 36.7 38.8 38.8 39.1 39.1 39.1 39.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H277 -- 27.7 31.9 36.6 38.8 38.8 39.0 39.1 39.1 39.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H278 -- 27.0 31.1 35.7 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H279 -- 26.3 30.4 34.9 37.1 37.1 37.3 37.4 37.4 37.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H280 -- 26.3 30.5 35.0 37.2 37.2 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H281 -- 26.6 30.8 35.3 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H282 -- 26.8 31.0 35.6 37.7 37.7 37.9 38.0 38.0 38.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H283 -- 26.7 30.9 35.4 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.8 37.8 37.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H284 -- 26.9 31.1 35.6 37.8 37.8 38.0 38.1 38.1 38.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H285 -- 28.4 32.6 37.3 39.5 39.5 39.7 39.8 39.8 39.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H286 -- 20.6 24.6 28.7 31.0 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.1 31.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H287 -- 20.8 24.7 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H288 -- 20.8 24.8 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H289 -- 20.8 24.8 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H290 -- 20.7 24.7 28.9 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H291 -- 20.7 24.7 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H292 -- 20.7 24.7 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H293 -- 21.1 25.1 29.1 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H294 -- 21.2 25.4 29.2 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H295 -- 21.5 25.7 29.4 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H296 -- 21.6 25.8 29.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H297 -- 21.5 25.7 29.3 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H298 -- 21.6 25.9 29.3 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H299 -- 22.1 26.4 29.7 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H300 -- 22.1 26.5 29.7 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H301 -- 22.0 26.4 29.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H302 -- 21.7 25.7 29.9 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H303 -- 21.3 25.3 29.5 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H304 -- 21.1 25.1 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H305 -- 21.0 25.0 29.2 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H306 -- 20.9 24.9 29.1 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H307 -- 20.5 24.5 28.5 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H308 -- 20.4 24.4 28.4 30.6 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H309 -- 20.3 24.3 28.3 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H310 -- 21.4 25.4 29.7 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H311 -- 21.1 25.1 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H312 -- 21.1 25.0 29.4 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H313 -- 21.0 25.0 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H314 -- 21.5 25.5 29.9 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H315 -- 21.1 25.0 29.4 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H316 -- 20.6 24.5 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H317 -- 20.6 24.5 28.9 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H318 -- 20.7 24.6 29.0 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



H319 -- 20.7 24.7 29.1 31.4 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H320 -- 20.8 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H321 -- 20.9 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H322 -- 21.0 24.9 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H323 -- 21.0 25.0 29.4 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H324 -- 20.9 24.8 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H325 -- 20.9 24.9 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H326 -- 21.0 24.9 29.4 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H327 -- 22.0 25.9 30.5 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H328 -- 21.8 25.8 30.3 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H329 -- 21.7 25.7 30.2 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H330 -- 21.7 25.6 30.1 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H331 -- 22.8 26.8 31.4 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H332 -- 22.6 26.6 31.2 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H333 -- 22.1 26.1 30.6 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.1 33.1 33.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H334 -- 22.3 26.3 30.8 33.1 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H335 -- 22.5 26.4 31.0 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.5 33.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H336 -- 23.0 27.0 31.6 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H337 -- 21.9 25.9 30.4 32.7 32.7 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H338 -- 22.4 26.4 31.0 33.2 33.2 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H339 -- 22.1 26.1 30.6 32.9 32.9 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H340 -- 22.2 26.1 30.7 33.0 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.2 33.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H341 -- 20.9 24.8 29.3 31.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H342 -- 20.4 24.3 28.8 31.1 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H343 -- 20.2 24.1 28.5 30.9 30.9 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.0




4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H344 -- 19.9 23.8 28.2 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H345 -- 20.2 24.1 28.5 30.8 30.8 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H346 -- 19.9 23.8 28.2 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.7

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H347 -- 21.4 25.3 29.8 32.1 32.1 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H348 -- 21.6 25.5 30.0 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H349 -- 21.7 25.6 30.2 32.4 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H350 -- 25.3 29.4 33.9 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H351 -- 25.4 29.8 33.4 35.4 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H352 -- 21.2 25.3 29.2 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.4

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H353 -- 27.6 31.8 36.5 38.7 38.7 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H354 -- 24.9 28.9 33.6 35.9 35.9 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H355 -- 22.8 26.7 31.3 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H356 -- 27.3 31.4 36.3 38.5 38.5 38.8 38.9 38.9 38.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H357 -- 19.4 23.2 27.7 30.1 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.2

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H358 -- 19.5 23.3 27.8 30.2 30.2 30.3 30.3 30.3 30.3

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H359 -- 29.0 33.2 38.0 40.2 40.2 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.5

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H360 -- 19.1 22.9 27.4 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H361 -- 22.1 26.0 30.6 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

H362 -- 25.7 29.7 34.4 36.7 36.7 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.9

Excess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

A noise contour for the rated power wind speed of 10m/s (i.e. highest noise emission) is presented in Appendix 10-6. The cumulative predicted noise levels at various wind speeds have been compared against the noise criteria curves outlined in Table 10.15. The predicted noise levels at all locations for the various wind speeds do not exceed the noise criteria curves adopted for this assessment.



As previously stated the day to day operations of the proposed development will not result in a typical worst case assumption of all noise locations being downwind of all turbines at the same time.

10.5.2.7 Future Potential Guideline Amendments

The predicted noise levels have been compared against the 40dB LA90,10min absolute criterion that has been put forward as part of the Department of Environment, Community & Local Government (DECLG) document Proposed Revisions to Wind Energy Development Guidelines 2006 – Targeted Review in relation to Noise, Proximity and Shadow Flicker (December 11th 2013). It should be noted that this consultation document is the subject of significant debate and numerous submissions from various interested parties have been submitted as part of the ongoing process. The comments presented in the following sections should be considered with the knowledge that the intent of the document may change when finally published. Table 10.16 Review of Consultation Absolute Noise Limit

Name DescriptiondB LA90,10min at Various Standardised Wind Speeds (m/s)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

H029 -- 28.9 33.1 37.8 40 40 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.3

H030 -- 28.9 33.1 37.9 40 40 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.3

H031 -- 29.5 33.7 38.5 40.7 40.7 40.9 41 41 41

H032 Farmyard 29.6 33.8 38.6 40.8 40.8 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1

H075 Farmyard 28.8 33 37.9 40.1 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.4 40.4

H359 -- 29 33.2 38 40.2 40.2 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.5

It is noted that the predicted levels are within the consultation criterion of 40dB LA90,10min at all locations for all wind speeds with the exception of some 6 locations as detailed in Table 10.16. The next step of the assessment was to give the issue of wind directivity due consideration. As previously stated the day to day operations of the proposed development will not result in a typical worst case assumption of all noise locations being downwind of all turbines at the same time. Therefore, in order to address this issue, a review of expected noise levels downwind of the turbines has been prepared for various wind directions. For any given wind direction, a property can be assigned one of the following classifications in relation to particular turbines:

Downwind (i.e. ±80o of the turbine in question – no correction); Crosswind (i.e. ±10o of the turbine in question – 2 dB reduction); Upwind (i.e. assume a 5 dB reduction in noise emission as a conservative

approach). The cumulative predicted noise levels at various wind speeds in various wind directions have been compared against the consultation noise criterion of 40dB LA90,10min and any exceedances have been identified in Table 10.17.



Table 10.17 Review of Consultation Absolute Noise Limit – Directivity Considered

Name Direction dB LA90,10min at Various Standardised Wind Speeds (m/s)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

H030 Southeast 28.7 32.9 37.7 39.8 39.8 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1

H031 Southeast 29.2 33.4 38.2 40.4 40.4 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.7

South 29 33.2 38 40.2 40.2 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.5

H032 Farmyard

Southeast 29.2 33.4 38.2 40.4 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.7

South 29.3 33.5 38.3 40.5 40.5 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8

H075 Farmyard

Southeast 28.7 32.9 37.8 40 40 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.3

South 28.8 33 37.9 40.1 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.4 40.4

H359 Southeast 28.8 33 37.8 40 40 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.3

The 40dB LA90,10min absolute criterion is exceeded at four locations at standardised wind speeds of 7m/s and above in a south easterly and easerly wind direction. It should be noted that the predicted excess is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8dB and an excess of this order of magnitude will be indistinguishable to the human ear. If the identified exceedances are realised on site curtailment of turbine operation can be implemented for specific turbines in specific wind conditions in order to ensure predicted noise levels are within the relevant noise criterion curves/planning conditions. Such curtailment can be applied using the wind farm SCADA system without undue impact on the wind farm operations. The predicted results vs. the consultation noise criterion for the various wind directions are presented in Appendix 10-7.

10.5.2.8 Substation

The application includes two substations as shown on Figure 10.15, although only one of these will ultimately be constructed and operated, as described in Section 10.5.1.3 above. As part of the development the substation will be operational on a day to day basis. The noise emission level associated with a typical substation that would support a development of this nature is the order of 93dB(A) Lw.

Figure 10.16 Statement of Lw for Typical Sub Station Used for Assessment



An iteration of the noise model has been developed to consider the expected noise level from the plant at the nearest noise sensitive locations. These levels are presented in Table 10.18. Table 10.18 Predicted Noise Levels Associated with Substations

Name Description Height (m) Predicted dB LA90,10min

Substation A Substation B

H001 -- 4 3.4 10.1

H002 -- 4 2.2 7.8

H003 -- 4 2.1 7.5

H004 -- 4 2 7.4

H005 -- 4 1.8 7.2

H006 -- 4 4.3 9.5

H007 -- 4 1 6

H008 -- 4 0.5 5.4

H009 -- 4 -- 5.4

H010 -- 4 -- 5.5

H011 -- 4 -- 3.6

H012 -- 4 -- 3.2

H013 -- 4 -- 2.5

H014 -- 4 -- 2.3

H015 -- 4 -- 2.3

H016 -- 4 -- 2.1

H017 -- 4 -- 1.9

H018 -- 4 6.1 10.7

H019 -- 4 6.4 11

H020 -- 4 6.7 10.6

H021 -- 4 6.8 10.7

H022 -- 4 7 10.9

H023 -- 4 7.1 11

H024 -- 4 7.4 11.2

H025 -- 4 8.6 11.8

H026 -- 4 8.8 12

H027 -- 4 9.1 12.2

H028 -- 4 9.2 11.9

H029 -- 4 10 12.7

H030 -- 4 10.2 12.7

H031 -- 4 10.4 13.3

H032 Farmyard 4 9.5 13.4

H033 -- 4 9.8 10.6

H034 -- 4 8.9 10.1

H035 -- 4 8.2 9.9

H036 -- 4 8.1 9.8

H037 -- 4 7.8 9.4

H038 -- 4 7.6 9.3

H039 -- 4 7.2 9.2

H040 -- 4 7.1 9.3

H041 -- 4 7.1 9.3

H042 -- 4 7 9.4

H043 -- 4 7.5 8.7

H044 -- 4 7.9 8.6

H045 -- 4 7.7 8.5

H046 -- 4 7.8 8.2





H047 -- 4 7.9 8

H048 -- 4 8.3 8.1

H049 -- 4 8.3 8

H050 -- 4 8.2 7.5

H051 -- 4 8.3 7.4

H052 -- 4 8.6 7.3

H053 -- 4 8.4 6.2

H054 -- 4 8.2 5.9

H055 -- 4 8.5 5.9

H056 -- 4 8.7 6

H057 -- 4 8.9 6

H058 -- 4 9.1 6.1

H059 -- 4 9.3 6.1

H060 -- 4 8.2 5.6

H061 -- 4 8.1 5.4

H062 -- 4 7.9 5.5

H063 -- 4 7.9 5.6

H064 -- 4 8 5.7

H065 -- 4 7.4 4.9

H066 -- 4 7.4 4.1

H067 -- 4 7.8 4.2

H068 -- 4 7.7 3.7

H069 -- 4 7.4 3

H070 -- 4 7.4 2.7

H071 -- 4 13.3 6.5

H072 -- 4 13 6.3

H073 -- 4 12.8 6.1

H074 -- 4 12.3 6

H075 Farmyard 4 13.8 7.3

H076 -- 4 12.3 5.7

H077 -- 4 12.4 5.7

H078 -- 4 12.5 5.6

H079 -- 4 13.1 5.7

H080 -- 4 13.9 5.8

H081 -- 4 12.9 5.3

H082 -- 4 12.9 5

H083 -- 4 12.9 4.9

H084 -- 4 12.9 4.8

H085 -- 4 12.9 4.7

H086 -- 4 12.7 4.4

H087 -- 4 12.7 4.3

H088 -- 4 11.7 3.3

H089 -- 4 13.6 4

H090 -- 4 13.3 3.5

H091 -- 4 12 3.1

H092 -- 4 12 3

H093 -- 4 11.9 2.9

H094 -- 4 11.8 2.7

H095 -- 4 11.4 2.4

H096 -- 4 11.3 2.3

H097 -- 4 11.1 2.2





H098 -- 4 11.9 1.6

H099 -- 4 12.2 1.7

H100 -- 4 12.5 1.9

H101 -- 4 12.6 2

H102 -- 4 13.1 1.7

H103 -- 4 12.2 --

H104 -- 4 12.6 --

H105 -- 4 12.8 --

H106 -- 4 13.2 0.3

H107 -- 4 14.2 0.8

H108 -- 4 15.6 1.7

H109 -- 4 15.4 1.5

H110 -- 4 14.9 1.2

H111 -- 4 13.8 0.6

H112 -- 4 16.8 2.3

H113 -- 4 17.1 2.5

H114 -- 4 16.8 2.3

H115 -- 4 17 2.5

H116 -- 4 17.3 2.6

H117 -- 4 17.5 2.7

H118 -- 4 17.6 2.7

H119 -- 4 18 3

H120 -- 4 18.3 3.1

H121 -- 4 18.6 3.3

H122 -- 4 18 3

H123 -- 4 18.6 3.2

H124 -- 4 17.7 3.6

H125 -- 4 18.2 4.2

H126 -- 4 19.2 4.5

H127 -- 4 19.6 4.7

H128 -- 4 26.1 7.4

H129 -- 4 23.6 7

H130 -- 4 23 7.5

H131 -- 4 22.9 7.6

H132 -- 4 22.7 7.7

H133 -- 4 22.3 7.7

H134 -- 4 22.2 7.8

H135 -- 4 21.8 7.9

H136 -- 4 21.7 7.9

H137 -- 4 21.4 8

H138 -- 4 21.2 8

H139 -- 4 21 8

H140 -- 4 18.5 8

H141 -- 4 17.7 7.8

H142 -- 4 17.5 7.8

H143 -- 4 17.6 8.5

H144 -- 4 15.8 5.9

H145 -- 4 15.7 5.8

H146 -- 4 15.7 5.7

H147 -- 4 16 5.8

H148 -- 4 15.9 5.5





H149 -- 4 15.4 5.2

H150 -- 4 15.9 4.9

H151 -- 4 15.2 7.4

H152 -- 4 16.3 8.8

H153 -- 4 16.2 8.8

H154 -- 4 16 8.9

H155 -- 4 16.6 10

H156 -- 4 14.6 9.3

H157 -- 4 13.3 10.1

H158 -- 4 13 10.1

H159 -- 4 13.2 9.9

H160 -- 4 12.7 10.1

H161 -- 4 12.5 10.1

H162 -- 4 12.3 10

H163 -- 4 12.4 9.9

H164 -- 4 12.2 9.8

H165 -- 4 12.1 9.8

H166 -- 4 11.9 9.7

H167 -- 4 11.7 9.9

H168 -- 4 11.6 9.9

H169 -- 4 11.7 10.4

H170 -- 4 11.5 10.4

H171 -- 4 11.3 10.1

H172 -- 4 11 10.1

H173 -- 4 10.8 10.1

H174 -- 4 10.5 9.2

H175 -- 4 10.4 9.4

H176 -- 4 10.7 9.7

H177 -- 4 10.6 10.3

H178 -- 4 10.3 10.3

H179 -- 4 10.2 10

H180 -- 4 9.8 10

H181 -- 4 9.7 10

H182 -- 4 9.3 10

H183 -- 4 9.4 10.2

H184 -- 4 9.2 10.1

H185 -- 4 9 9.8

H186 -- 4 9 10.3

H187 -- 4 8.9 10.3

H188 -- 4 8.9 10.3

H189 -- 4 8.9 10.3

H190 -- 4 8.8 10.2

H191 -- 4 8.8 10.2

H192 -- 4 8.8 10.2

H193 -- 4 8.7 10.2

H194 -- 4 8.7 10.2

H195 -- 4 8.7 10.2

H196 -- 4 8.7 10.1

H197 -- 4 8.6 10.1

H198 -- 4 8.6 10.1

H199 -- 4 8.6 10.1





H200 -- 4 8.6 10.1

H201 -- 4 8.5 10

H202 -- 4 8.4 10

H203 -- 4 8.4 10

H204 -- 4 8.4 10

H205 -- 4 8.4 9.9

H206 -- 4 8.3 9.9

H207 -- 4 8.3 9.9

H208 -- 4 8.3 10

H209 -- 4 8.3 10

H210 -- 4 8.2 10

H211 -- 4 8.2 10

H212 -- 4 8.1 10

H213 -- 4 8.1 10

H214 -- 4 8 9.9

H215 -- 4 8 9.9

H216 -- 4 8 9.8

H217 -- 4 8 9.8

H218 -- 4 7.9 9.8

H219 -- 4 7.9 9.7

H220 -- 4 7.9 9.7

H221 -- 4 7.9 9.6

H222 -- 4 8.2 9.7

H223 -- 4 8.1 9.7

H224 -- 4 8.1 9.7

H225 -- 4 8.1 9.7

H226 -- 4 8 9.7

H227 -- 4 8 9.7

H228 -- 4 8 9.7

H229 -- 4 8 9.6

H230 -- 4 8.1 9.6

H231 -- 4 8.1 9.6

H232 -- 4 8 9.6

H233 -- 4 8 9.5

H234 -- 4 7.9 9.5

H235 -- 4 7.9 9.5

H236 -- 4 8.1 9.4

H237 -- 4 8 9.3

H238 -- 4 7.9 9.3

H239 -- 4 7.9 9.3

H240 -- 4 7.8 9.2

H241 -- 4 7.7 9.2

H242 -- 4 7.7 9.2

H243 -- 4 7.6 9.1

H244 -- 4 7.9 8.9

H245 -- 4 8 9

H246 -- 4 8.1 9.1

H247 -- 4 8.2 9.2

H248 -- 4 8.4 9.1

H249 -- 4 8.5 9.6

H250 -- 4 8.4 9.6





H251 -- 4 8.7 9.7

H252 -- 4 10.7 8.7

H253 -- 4 10.6 7.7

H254 -- 4 10.2 7.2

H255 -- 4 9.9 6.9

H256 -- 4 10.2 6.7

H257 -- 4 9.6 6.2

H258 -- 4 9.6 5.8

H259 -- 4 9.3 16.9

H260 -- 4 9.5 18.3

H261 -- 4 9.2 20.6

H262 -- 4 9.6 21.4

H263 -- 4 9.3 21.4

H264 -- 4 9.2 20.6

H265 -- 4 7.7 16.7

H266 -- 4 7.5 19.3

H267 -- 4 7.4 21.3

H268 -- 4 8.8 22.1

H269 -- 4 8.6 24.5

H270 -- 4 8.5 24.6

H271 -- 4 8.4 24.8

H272 -- 4 8.4 25.1

H273 -- 4 6.5 26.4

H274 -- 4 6 25.2

H275 -- 4 5.4 23.8

H276 -- 4 5.4 23.7

H277 -- 4 5.3 23.4

H278 -- 4 4.9 22.4

H279 -- 4 4.3 20.8

H280 -- 4 4.2 20.7

H281 -- 4 4.3 20.9

H282 -- 4 4.4 21.3

H283 -- 4 4.2 20.6

H284 -- 4 4.2 20.6

H285 -- 4 5.4 23.6

H286 -- 4 3.7 12.7

H287 -- 4 3.5 13.1

H288 -- 4 3.5 13.1

H289 -- 4 3.6 13.1

H290 -- 4 3.2 13.1

H291 -- 4 3.1 13.1

H292 -- 4 3 13.1

H293 -- 4 2.3 13.7

H294 -- 4 0.7 13

H295 -- 4 0.6 13.1

H296 -- 4 0.4 12.9

H297 -- 4 0.1 12.6

H298 -- 4 -- 11.7

H299 -- 4 -- 11.1

H300 -- 4 -- 11.2

H301 -- 4 -- 11.5





H302 -- 4 6.4 3.2

H303 -- 4 6.6 2.4

H304 -- 4 6.3 2.2

H305 -- 4 6.2 2.2

H306 -- 4 6.1 2.1

H307 -- 4 5.3 1.6

H308 -- 4 5.2 1.4

H309 -- 4 5.1 1.3

H310 -- 4 7.5 2.2

H311 -- 4 7.4 1.8

H312 -- 4 7.4 1.7

H313 -- 4 7.4 1.6

H314 -- 4 8.2 2

H315 -- 4 7.8 1.5

H316 -- 4 8.1 0.5

H317 -- 4 8.2 0.5

H318 -- 4 8.4 0.6

H319 -- 4 8.5 0.6

H320 -- 4 8.6 0.7

H321 -- 4 8.7 0.7

H322 -- 4 8.8 0.8

H323 -- 4 9 0.8

H324 -- 4 8.5 0.8

H325 -- 4 8.6 0.8

H326 -- 4 8.7 0.9

H327 -- 4 10.4 1.5

H328 -- 4 10.1 1.3

H329 -- 4 10 1.3

H330 -- 4 9.9 1.3

H331 -- 4 11 2.2

H332 -- 4 10.9 2

H333 -- 4 10.5 1.6

H334 -- 4 10.6 1.7

H335 -- 4 10.8 1.9

H336 -- 4 11.2 2.4

H337 -- 4 10.6 1.3

H338 -- 4 11.3 1.6

H339 -- 4 10.9 1.4

H340 -- 4 11 1.4

H341 -- 4 9.5 0.4

H342 -- 4 9.1 --

H343 -- 4 8.7 --

H344 -- 4 8.3 --

H345 -- 4 8.8 --

H346 -- 4 8.4 --

H347 -- 4 10 0.9

H348 -- 4 10.1 1

H349 -- 4 10.2 1.1

H350 -- 4 8.6 8.2

H351 -- 4 2.1 7.6

H352 -- 4 1.1 13.3





H353 -- 4 8.6 24.2

H354 -- 4 13.7 11.2

H355 -- 4 11.9 9.5

H356 -- 4 18.7 4.3

H357 -- 4 12.1 --

H358 -- 4 11.8 --

H359 -- 4 12 11.3

H360 -- 4 11.6 --

H361 -- 4 10.8 1.4

H362 -- 4 10.5 17

The worst-case predicted level would be expected to be the order of 26dB(A). This level is comparable to the lower noise levels measured in the area as part of the survey work undertaken for this assessment. In essence the noise from such an installation would not be expected to be audible at the majority of noise sensitive locations and will not significantly add to the overall noise levels associated with the proposed wind turbines themselves. The associated cumulative noise effect from the operation of the wind farm and the substations is not considered significant and is summarised as follows:

Quaility Significance Duration Neutral Impercptible Long Term

10.5.2.9 Potential Effects During Decommissioning

In relation to the decommissioning phase, similar overall noise levels as those calculated for the construction phase would be expected, as similar tools and equipment will be used. During the decommissioning phase there may also be a need for rock breaking to remove the turbine foundations. In all instances the total predicted construction and decommissioning noise levels are expected to be below the appropriate Category A value (i.e. 65dB LAeq,1hr) and therefore a significant effect is not predicted in relation to the nearest noise sensitive locations in terms of construction and decommissioning noise.

10.6 Remedial or Reductive Measures

In order to sufficiently ameliorate the likely noise effects, a schedule of noise control measures has been formulated for both construction and operational phases.


With regard to construction activities, reference will be made to British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise, which offers detailed guidance on the control of noise & vibration from demolition and construction activities. In particular, it is proposed that various practices be adopted during construction, including:

limiting the hours during which site activities likely to create high levels of noise or vibration are permitted;

establishing channels of communication between the contractor/developer, Local Authority and residents;

appointing a site representative responsible for matters relating to noise and vibration;



monitoring typical levels of noise and vibration during critical periods and at sensitive locations;

keeping site access roads even so as to mitigate the potential for vibration from lorries.

Furthermore, a variety of practicable noise control measures will be employed. These include:

selection of plant with low inherent potential for generation of noise and/ or vibration;

placing of noisy / vibratory plant as far away from sensitive properties as permitted by site constraints.

It is recommended that vibration from construction activities be limited to the values set out in Table 10.2. This should be readily achieveable considering the distance between construction works and sensitive locations and the good practice measures outlined here. It should be noted that these limits are not absolute, but provide guidance as to magnitudes of vibration that are very unlikely to cause cosmetic damage. Magnitudes of vibration slightly greater than those in the table are normally unlikely to cause cosmetic damage, but construction work creating such magnitudes should proceed with caution. Where there is existing damage these limits may need to be reduced by up to 50%.

10.6.1.1 Mitigation Measures – Noise

The contract documents will clearly specify that the Contractor undertaking the construction of the works will be obliged to take specific noise abatement measures and comply with the recommendations of British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise. These measures will ensure that:

No plant used on site will be permitted to cause an on-going public nuisance due to noise.

The best means practicable, including proper maintenance of plant, will be employed to minimise the noise produced by on site operations.

All vehicles and mechanical plant will be fitted with effective exhaust silencers and maintained in good working order for the duration of the contract.

Compressors will be attenuated models fitted with properly lined and sealed acoustic covers which will be kept closed whenever the machines are in use and all ancillary pneumatic tools shall be fitted with suitable silencers.

Machinery that is used intermittently will be shut down or throttled back to a minimum during periods when not in use.

Any plant, such as generators or pumps, which is required to operate before 07:00hrs or after 19:00hrs will be surrounded by an acoustic enclosure or portable screen.

During the course of the construction programme, supervision of the works will include ensuring compliance with the limits detailed in Table 10.1 using methods outlined in British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise.


There are no locations highlighted in this document where the proposed development in combination with the existing Mountlucas wind farm exceeds the adopted day or night time noise criteria therefore no mitigation measures are required.



If alternative turbine technologies are considered for the site an updated noise assessment will be prepared to confirm that the noise emissions associated with them satisfy the noise criteria curves outlined in this assessment. If necessary suitable curtailment strategies will be designed and implemented for alternative technologies in order to comply with the relevant noise criteria curves, should detailed assessment conclude that this is necessary. A common issue raised in relation to proposed wind farms relates to the issue of other amplitude modulation. It is reiterated that this research finds that the potential for complaints associated with the phenomenon of amplitude modulation is low. Again it is considered important to restate the conclusions of the report as summarised previously:

“The broad conclusions of this report were that aerodynamic modulation was only considered to be an issue at 4, and a possible issue at a further 8, of 133 sites in the UK that were operational at the time of the study and considered within the review.

At the 4 sites where aerodynamic modulation was confirmed as an issue, it was considered that conditions associated with aerodynamic modulation is likely to occur between about 7 and 15% of the time.”

Nonetheless, the following programme of measures will be implemented in order to address any perceived issue of aerodynamic modulation associated with the site: A detailed noise survey conducted by an appropriately qualified acoustic

consultant will be commissioned in order to confirm the presence of the issue, the extent of the issue (i.e. number of locations, wind speeds and environmental conditions in which it is occurring);

Based on the findings of this work a schedule of measures will be formulated and agreed with the planning authority, which would typically be envisaged to focus on control and regulation of the operation of turbine unit(s) in certain atmospheric and meteorological conditions.

In the event that the 40dB LA90,10min absolute noise limit outlined in the Department of Environment, Community & Local Government (DECLG) document Proposed Revisions to Wind Energy Development Guidelines 2006 – Targeted Review in relation to Noise, Proximity and Shadow Flicker (December 11th 2013) is adopted as national guidance it has been demonstrated that this criterion can be achieved with slight curtailment of the site in specific wind directions (e.g. southerly and south easterly) at standardised windspeeds of 11m/s and above.

10.6.3 Decommissioning Phase

The mitigation measures that will be considered in relation to any decommissioning of the site are the same as those proposed for the construction phase of the development, i.e. as per Section 10.6.1.

10.7 Summary of Likely Significant Effects

This section summarises the likely noise and vibration effect associated with the proposed development, taking into account the mitigation measures.



10.7.1 Do Nothing Scenario

If the development is not progressed the existing noise environment will remain largely unchanged. Considering traffic noise is a significant source in the area increases in traffic volumes on the local road network would be expected to result in slight increases in overall ambient and background noise in the area over time.


During the construction phase of the project there will be some effect on nearby noise sensitive properties due to noise emissions from site traffic and other activities. However, given that the construction phase of the development is temporary in nature and the distances between the main construction works and nearby noise sensitive properties, it is expected that the various noise sources will not be excessively intrusive. Furthermore, the application of binding noise limits and hours of operation, along with implementation of appropriate noise and vibration control measures, will ensure that noise and vibration effect is kept to a minimum. The predicted construction noise and vibration effects are temporary and not significant and is summarised as follows:



Due to the fact that the predicted noise levels associated with the proposed development will be within best practice noise criteria curves recommended in Irish guidance ‘Planning Guidelines for Wind Farm Development 2006’ it is not considered that a significant effect is associated with the development. While noise levels at low wind speeds will increase due to the development the predicted levels will remain low, albeit a new source of noise will be introduced into the soundscape. The predicted operational noise effects are summarised as follows at the closest noise sensitive locations to the site:

Quaility Significance Duration Negative Moderate Long Term

The above effect should be considered in terms that the effect is variable and that this assessment considers periods of the greatest potential effect. For the majority of locations assessed here the effect of the operational turbines can be considered to be as follows:

Quaility Significance Duration Neutral Slight Long Term

Commissioning noise surveys are recommended to ensure compliance with any noise conditions applied to the development. In the instance that exceedances of these noise conditions arise and are identified the curtailment of turbine operation can be implemented for specific turbines in specific wind conditions in order to ensure predicted noise levels are within the relevant noise criterion curves/planning



conditions. Such curtailment can be applied using the wind farm SCADA system without undue effect on the wind farm operations. As it has been demonstrated that the relevant national guidance in relation to noise associated with wind turbines can be satisfied, the predicted effect associated with the operational turbines is long term and not significant. In relation to the proposed substation the associated effect is summarised as follows:

Quaility Significance Duration Neutral Imperceptible Long Term

10.7.4 Vibration

Levels of vibration generated as a result of the operation of wind turbine units fall off rapidly with distance away from the units. Typically, at a distance of 100m from a 1 MW turbine unit the level of vibration associated with a turbine is the order of 10-5 mm/s. This level of vibration is significantly below any thresholds where either cosmetic or structural damage could be caused to a building as outlined in the relevant section of this document. In relation to the issue of vibration the associated effect is summarised as follows:

Quaility Significance Duration Neutral Imperceptible Long Term

10.7.5 Cumulative Effects

A cumulative assessment has been considered here with due consideration of proposed development in combination with the existing Mountlucas wind farm. The permitted Yellow River wind farm, which is the only other wind farm project located within a 20-kilometre radius of the Cloncreen site, is located a sufficient distance from the proposed development that cumulative noise and/or vibration impacts are not considered to be a significant issue. The nearest permitted Yellow River turbine location is located 9.2 kilometres from the Cloncreen site. In terms of other operating and proposed developments (that are at various stages of the planning process – See Section 2.10 of the EIS for further details on cumulative projects) it is considered the most likely cumulative effects relate to the potential for construction periods to overlap. If this is the case, the construction and vibration noise limits outlined in this assessment and relevant noise and vibration assessments supporting other projects will apply. Typically, the proposed construction noise and vibration criteria, along with the mitigation measures proposed for the various projects, would be expected to be comparable. Implementation / compliance with these mitigation measures / criteria will be required in order to manage the potential cumulative noise and vibration impacts.

10.8 Monitoring

Post-commissioning of the proposed turbine units, the noise monitoring detailed in the relevant section of this report will be repeated with a view to confirming that the operational units are compliant with the relevant day and night time noise criteria curves as presented in the body of this assessment. If this study work identifies any exceedances of the appropriate criteria relevant corrective actions will be taken/implemented.