10-Emergency Preparedness and ResponseREVISED

8/11/2019 10-Emergency Preparedness and ResponseREVISED

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-emergency-preparedness-and-responserevised 1/56

Emergency Preparedness AndResponse

Safety And Health Officer

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1 1

ert cate ourse



Learning Objectives• To define what is an emergency

• To describe why prepare for anemergency


• To determine the stages of anemergency

• To identify the elements of emergencyprogramme for prepare

dness, responseand recovery



Scope

• Recognising an emergency• Emergency management

• Emer enc lannin


• Emergency mitigation and resources

• Procedures

• Incident control and facilities

• Training & exercises



What Is An Emergency

• Accident – unexpected event which cause

damage @ harm. Happens by chance


• mergency – an un oreseen com na onof circumstances @ the resulting statethat calls for immediate action

• Disaster – a sudden calamitous eventbringing great damage, loss @

destruction



Why Prepare For An

Emergency

• There are unaccounted, unplanned &

unexpected event


• cc en s appen a any me anemergency situation is chaotic

• Emergency often escalates to crisis



Why Prepare For AnEmergency

• Regulatory and Industry requirement –e.g. CIMAH Regulations 1996,“Responsible care” OHSAS 18000, ISO14000 etc.


• Communities are affected by emergencies



1st Emergency LevelTrigger

Stages Of An Emergency

escalation? End of emergencyincident

trigger


EMERGENCY

EMERGENCYPRE-EMERGENCY

RECOVERY

TimeLEVELS



Levels Of Emergencies• Depends on severity of the incident and

capability of the organisation

• Level 1


If within the capabilities of the organisation

• Level 2If external assistance is required: mutual aid,district or other agencies. MKN Arahan 20may apply.





Goals of Emergency Response

• Control, Reduce or stop the cause


• Control situation and limit secondarydamage

• Continue operations and recoverquickly



Objectives of EmergencyResponse

• Save lifes

• Prioritise Rescue and First Aid


• Rescuers must not be put to risk

• Save property, asset and reputation

• Save Community and theEnvironment



Basic Elements of Emergency

Preparedness and ResponseManagement

1: Organise emergency management team

2: Identify the accident scenarios and emergency


3: Identify resources, equipment and facilities

4: Develop plans and procedures

5: Train, drill and exercise6: Review system



Emergency

ManagementCommitment

Emergency Management

Organisations


EmergencyCo-ordinator

- To coordinate planning

EmergencyManagement

Committee-To plan for

-Mitigation-Preparedness

-Response

-Recovery

IncidentCommand

Organisation-Take control during incident

-- Functions:-Command

-Operations

-Planning

-Logistics

-Admin/Finance



Emergency ManagementCoordinator And Tasks

Emergency Management Coordinator • Administer and keep current the emergency

management programme


• Work with Emergency ManagementCommittee



Emergency ManagementCoordinator And Tasks

Emergency Management Committee

• Ensure preparation, implementation andevaluation of EPR


• or w coor na or

Membership –Technical & Non-Technical



Incident Command Organisation

(Based On Incident Command System)

Operations

Planning

•Logistics Administration

Incident

Commander


Control (FireFighting, etc.)

•Rescue

•Evacuation

•TrafficControl

Analysis•Records

•Documents

•Strategy

•HR•ECC

•First Aid

•Transport

•IT

•Procurement•Recovery

National Inter-Agency Incident Management System

Used by FEMA and included in NFPA 1600:2000



Task Of the IncidentOrganisation

• Identifies level of emergency response

•


,evacuation, continuity and recoveryactivities

• Ensure outside assistance are notifiedor called upon



Task Of the Incident

Organisation

• Work with external agencies

• Com lies with a licable statutes or


regulations



Incident Command OperationsTeams• Depends on the organisation, activities

and products. For example:• Most organisations will need a team of :

•


• Evacuation rescuers• First Aiders

• Hazardous chemical plants:

• Chemical or oil spill team• Process plant:

• Shut down team• Rescue team



Emergency Planning

Threat and hazard identification

• Use imagination; think of the unexpected


y• Also impacts beyond control such as:

o Regional communications loss and national

power outageo transportation disruptions (floods, brokenbridges)



Emergency Planning

Plan For Emergency Mitigation,

Preparedness, Response And Recovery




Types Of Potential HazardsNatural events

• Storms, earthquakes, floods, etc.


• Mechanical problems (ruptured pipes,metal fatigue), chemical spills, aircraftcrash, fire, explosion, etc.



Types Of Potential Hazards

Human events

• The wrong valve was opened,miscommunication about what to do, etc.


,



Other Hazard Considerations• Quantity of hazardous materials

• Location of hazardous materials• Location of isolation valves


• Special fire fighting requirements(oil, chemical) if any

• Special handling requirements

(e.g. radio-active, pathogens)



Hazard Consequence Analysis –For Emergency And Recovery Plans

• What hazards are most likely to occur• What functions or services are affected

•


performed following a disaster

• What are the critical functions

• What actions will protect them• What functions has to be restored

quickly



Potential Impacts Of Hazards

Health, Safety and Environment

• Persons in the affected area


• Pollution to the environment



Potential Impacts Of Hazards

Legal

• Regulatory and contractual obligations


• Continuity of operations and delivery ofservices

• Property, facilities, and infrastructure loss

• Reputation of the organisation• Economic and financial condition



Emergency Plans Must Comply

With Legal and OtherRequirements

Examples of requirements are:• OSHA 1994

•


• Environmental Quality Act 1974

• Voluntary Standards

• Disaster/ Emergency Management Standard(Incident Command System, FPA 1600:2000)

• Industry Practice

• “Responsible Care”



Emergency Plan Strategy• Emergency plans should be capable of

dealing with the worst case crediblescenario


• However, detailed planning shouldconcentrate on the more likelyevents



Emergency Plan Strategy

• Plans should also be sufficiently flexible toensure that an emergency response canbe varied according to the severity ofthe incident




Recovery Strategy

• Objective is to restore functions asearly as possible

• Redundanc or alternatives


arranged for identified criticalfunctions

• Alternative site, supplier arrangements



Recovery Strategy

• Roles and responsibilities forrestoration identified


• e.g. recovery manager and team,communications, utilities, purchasing, HR,site security



Mitigation Measures

• Interim and long-term - to eliminate orreduce impact of hazards that cannot beeliminated.

• Access, escape routes and shelters

• Early Warning - Establishment of hazard


warning and communication procedures• Materials – removal, reduction, modification,

segregation or elimination

• Heat, fluids, etc. - protective systems,redundancy, control of rate of release

• Structures - building construction standards



Resource Planning• Based on identified threats and

hazards

• Fire, flood, explosion, spills, collapse


• Existing internal and externalresources

• Identify resource shortfalls andalternate sources



Resource Planning

• Consideration for mutual aid agreements

• Arran ements with vendors and


suppliers



Identify for Each Threat or

HazardResources and logistics

• Personnel, training, expert knowledge,


• Available in a timely manner and have thecapability to do its intended function

• Quantity, response time, operability



Identify for Each Threat or

HazardEquipment and Facilities

• Fire fighting, heavy equipment, medicalsupplies


Miscellaneous

• Food, clothing and shelter for evacuees,religious personnel, volunteer andsocial/political groups



Emergency Facilities To Be

Made Available

• Command posts

• Identified, equipped, tested, and maintained


• Operations manual

• Personal protection equipment list





Regular Tests of EmergencyEquipment and Facilities

• Check and document alarm systemfrequently


• Frequent tests of fire fightingequipment



Immediate Strategic Plans

• Identification of vital personnel (core

team), systems, operations, andequipment


• Priorities for restoration and mitigation



Immediate Strategic Plans

• Acceptable downtime before restorationto a minimum level


• Minimum resources needed toaccomplish the restoration



PlansWritten Plans

• Strategic• Operations• Mitigation• Recover lans


Roles and responsibilities

• Incident commander, recovery manager,

communications and public relations

Lines of authority



Procedures

• Alarms, call out and notification• Communication - internal, authorities,

ublic


• Employees - escape, etc.• Evacuation - community

• Coordination with other parties• Recovery



Emergency Operating Manuals

• For reference during an emergency

• Who does what, information and data

• Balance between overview and detailed


response• Need to know, nice to know

• Sound understanding enables flexibility

• Simple language



Finance and Administration• The organisation should also develop

financial and administrative

procedures to support the emergencymanagement programme before, during,and after an emer enc or a disaster .




Finance and Administration

• Before – maintenance, drills and exercises,

alternate sites and equipment


– , , , ,

services

• After – recovery activities, repairs, clean-ups

and restoration, compensation



Incident Procedures• Control of access to the area

• Identification of personnel at the


• Accounting for personnel in incident

activities



Incident Procedures

• Accounting for persons affected,

displaced, or injured by the emergency


• Mobilisation and demobilisation ofresources



Disaster Recovery Activities

• On-site damage assessment and

purchasing


• Employee/victim assistance (financial,medical and psychological)

• Incident investigation



Disaster Recovery Activities

• Clean-up and restoration

• Restorin safet and emer enc


systems

• Legal, insurance and financing (expedited)

• Public information and communication



Training

Familiarisation

• Manual Familiarisation, Specific Courses(chemical fire, rescue, decontamination,


,



Training

Personal readiness

• Know the fundamental Role


• Know your way around the manual• Have your personal aids ready

• Know the early actions well

• Ensure alternate is ready

Exercises And Drills



Exercises And Drills

Types and subjects

• Types: Simulated, “Real”

• Subjects: Operational, Security, Commercial

Pre aration for exercise


• Scenarios, Timing of events, Roles(including media) and Resources

• Secret but forewarn other parties (outsideagencies) as necessary

Drills

• Evacuation



Evaluation• Plan should be reviewed annually

and updated as necessary

• Be re-evaluated when:


• ere are c anges:• Regulatory, New hazards are identified or

existing hazards change

• Resources or organizational structure change

• After tests, drills, or exercises• After disaster responses

• Infrastructure changes

Summary



Summary

• Organise emergency managementteam

• Identify the accident scenarios andemergency consequences


,

facilities• Develop plans and procedures

• Train, drill and exercise• Review system