EMERGENCY

PREPAREDNESS

No matter how committed an

industrial company may be in terms of

occupational health and safety

program implementation, the

probability of an emergency may arise

at the least expected scenario. Should

this happen, do we know what to do?

Are we aware of our very own

emergency procedure?

EMERGENCY

A sudden, unexpected

occurrence demanding

immediate action.

Accident dont just

happened

they are caused.

Fire Safety

P.D. NO. 1185

OF THE PHILIPPINES AND

REGULATIONS

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185

FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

WHEREAS, death and injury to persons and loss and

damage to property by fire have reached alarming

proportion that the economic and social gains of the

society are being continually undermined;

WHEREAS, in order to effect a meaningful reduction of

the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop

national consciousness and involvement of all

persons in the prevention and suppression of fire;

WHEREAS, fire prevention and suppression require

the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the

incorporation of fire safety construction and provision

of protective and safety devices in buildings and

structures;

WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for an emergency

primarily responsible for the implementation and

coordination of the activities of all sectors of society

on fire safety, prevention and suppression.

WHEREAS, in order to effectively implement all efforts

to minimize the occurrence of fires and their

destructive effects, full financial, equipment and

personnel support by the government and the private

sector in necessary

DECLARATION OF POLICIES

The following are declared policies of the State:

a. The government, with the cooperation of the

private sector, shall develop and promulgate sets

of standards and regulations taking into

consideration the latest development in fire

technology suitable to Philippine conditions;

b. Fire prevention and safety shall be given equal, if

not greater emphasis as the suppression, or

extinguishment of fire. Fire prevention shall be

undertaken continuously involving all sectors of

the community.

c. The Fire Service of the Integrated National Police shall

endeavor to respond to all fires before they reach

critical and conflagration stages. Towards this end, the

organization, administration and operation of the Fire

Service shall be improved and developed, its

personnel and equipment augmented and effective fire

alarm systems set-up; and

d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this

purpose, educational institutions shall endeavor to

include in their curricula, courses on fire technology

and fire protection engineering.

RULE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

DIVISION 1 GENERAL

SEC. 1.103 REQUIRED FIRE SAFETY

PROGRAM / MEASURESA. In addition to the requirements provided for in Sec. 1.102, lessees or occupants of buildings, structure or facilities

shall observe all pertinent fire safety measures as set forth in P.D.1185 and in subsequent Rules of the Fire

Code.

B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or

facilities shall organize themselves and develop and

implement fire safety programs to include among

others, fire prevention in the premises, notification

of the fire service to the existence of a fire,

evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting. The

building owner shall take the initiative of formulating

the fire safety program for his building and of

organizing the occupants to implement the program.

THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE

OF FIRE IS

TO HAVE

NO FIRE

AT ALL

EDUCATION / ORIENTATION ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRE BRIGADE

ORGANIZATION

EXERCISE / TRAINING- FIRE DRILL

- HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER

THRU:

IGNITION SOURCES OF FIRE

ELECTRICAL - 23%

SMOKING - 18%

FRICTION - 10%

OVERHEATED MATERIALS - 8%

HOT SURFACE - 7%

BURNER FLAMES - 7%

COMBUSTION SPARKS - 5%

SPONTANEOUS IGNITION - 4%

CUTTING & WELDING - 4%

EXPOSURE - 3%

INCENDIARISM - 3%

MECHANICAL SPARKS - 2%

MOLTEN SUBSTANCES - 2%

CHEMICAL ACTION - 1%

STATIC SPARKS - 1%

LIGHTING - 1%

MISCELLANEOUS - 1%

Chemistry and Physics of FireChemistry and Physics of Fire

FIREFIRE

is a rapid, self-sustaining is a rapid, self-sustaining oxidationoxidation process processaccompanied by the evolution of heat and lightaccompanied by the evolution of heat and light

Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.

-is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with

oxygen in the presence of enough heat.

Products of FireProducts of Fire

FlameFlame

HeatHeat

SmokeSmoke

Fire GasesFire Gases

Fire GasesFire Gases

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide AmmoniaAmmonia Hydrogen ChlorideHydrogen Chloride Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide

Classes of FireClasses of Fire

Class AClass A

Occur in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper,Occur in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper,rugs and rubbish.rugs and rubbish.

Class BClass B

Occur in vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids,Occur in vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids,

such as gasoline, oil, thinners.such as gasoline, oil, thinners.

Class CClass C

Occur in or near energized electrical equipment where non-Occur in or near energized electrical equipment where non-conducting extinguishing agents must be used.conducting extinguishing agents must be used.

Class DClass D

Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium,Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium,

powdered aluminum, zinc.powdered aluminum, zinc.

FUEL

OXYGEN

HEAT

TRIANGLE OF FIRE

FUEL

OXYGEN

HEAT

CHEMICAL

CHAIN

REACTION

TETRAHEDRON

INCIPIENT PHASE or beginning of fire

oxygen is plentiful

Temp has not built to high peak

Breathing not difficult

Direct water application

Ventilation: not a problem

Little steam production

FREE BURNING PHASE fire begins to deplete the

rooms oxygen supply and temperature greatly

increased.

Fire has involved more fuels

Oxygen supply is being depleted

Heat accumulates at ceiling

SCBA is a must

Ventilation: not a definite need

Good steam production

SMOLDERING PHASE after oxygen content of the air

falls below 15%, the fire enters a smoldering phase

where flame may cease but dense smoke and heat

completely fill the room.

Oxygen supply is below 15%

Temp is very high

Normal breathing not possible

Back draft hazard

Fire extinguishment: indirect method

Ventilation is a must

CONDUCTION transmission of heat from one

substance to another by direct contact from

molecules.

CONVECTION transmission of heat through

contact with molecules of hot gases when molecules

of gases move upward and transmits to any other

surface.

RADIATION transmission of heat from a source

even through space.

Fire Control MethodsFire Control Methods

CoolingCooling

SmotheringSmothering

StarvationStarvation

InhibitionInhibition

Is an appliance designated to be

carried and operated by hand

containing an extinguisher

medium which can be expelled

by the action of internal

pressure and be directed on to a

fire.

Be kept fully charged and in their designatedplaces

Be located along normal paths of travel Not to be obstructed or obscured from view Not to be mounted higher than 5 (1.5m.) to the top

of the extinguisher, if they weigh 40 lbs (18kg.) or

less but heavier, not more than 3.5 (1m.)

Be inspected by at least monthly to make surethey are in their designated location, not tampered

with nor actuated and do not have corrosion nor

other impairments.

Re-charge or repair to ensure operability andsafety. A tag should show the date and signature

of the person performing the service.

Be hydrostatically tested.

Be selected on the basis of hazard, degree andarea to be protected.

Located on the maximum travel distance, unlessthere are extremely hazardous conditions. Do not

exceed 75 (23m.) for Class A extinguishers or 50

(15m.) for Class B extinguishers.

Report used extinguishers Watch for tampering

Recharge properly Do not mix dry chemicals

Watch for corrosion Keep nozzle clean

Check for low pressure Conduct regular inspection

Types of Portable FXTypes of Portable FX

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

Dry Chemical (Ordinary & Multi-Dry Chemical (Ordinary & Multi-

Purpose)Purpose)

Aqueous Film Forming FoamAqueous Film Forming Foam

(AFFF)(AFFF)

Halon 123Halon 123

Dry PowderDry Powder

General Operating StepsGeneral Operating Steps

PULL the pin.PULL the pin.

AIM the nozzle.AIM the nozzle.

SQUEZZE the lever.SQUEZZE the lever.

SWEEP from side-to-side.SWEEP from side-to-side.

FIRST AID IS AN IMMEDIATE CARE

GIVEN TO A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN

INJURED OR SUDDENLY TAKEN ILL.

IT INCLUDES SELF-HELP AND HOME

CARE IF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IS

NOT AVAILABLE OR DELAYED.

To alleviate suffering. To prevent added/ further

injury or danger.

To prolong life.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

Survey the scene Do a primary survey of the victim Activate Medical Assistance/(AMA) or

Transfer Facility

Do a secondary survey of the victim

is a break in the continuity of the

body either internal or external.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

Pain and tenderness Vomiting or cough-up blood

Swelling Passage of blood in the urine

Discoloration Sign of blood along mouth,

Hematoma nose and ear canal

Uncontrolled restlessness

Thirst

Symptoms of Shock

I - ice application

C - compression

E - elevation

S - splint or immobilize

Puncture

Abrasion

Incision

Laceration

Avulsion

First Aid Management

Wound with severe bleeding

C - control bleeding

C - cover wound with dressing

C - care for shock

C - consult or refer to physician

Wound with bleeding not severe (home care)

clean the wound with soap and water

apply mild antiseptics

cover wound with dressing and bandage

Is an injury involving the skin,

including muscles, bones, nerves

and blood vessels. This results

from heat, chemicals, electricity or

solar or other forms of radiation.

First Aid Management

First-Degree and Second-Degree Burns

relieve pain by immersing the burned area in cold water

or by applying a wet, cold cloth. If cold water is

unavailable, use any cold liquid you drink to reduce the

burned skins temperature.

Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing

or a clean cloth.

First Aid Management

Third-Degree Burns

cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing

or a clean cloth.

treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs and

keeping the victim warm with a clean sheet or blanket

is a rapid movement of victim from unsafe place

to a place of safety/

is moving a victim from one place to another

after giving first aid.

EMERGENCY

PROCEDURES

What to do..

Act quickly! Protect your body from falling debris

by getting under a sturdy desk, table or doorway

Keep away from glass windows and free standing

furniture

When outside, stay away from tall buildings,

move to an open field

At the end of the initial shock, evacuate building

when given clearance by the Chief Marshal

Go the the Assembly Area at the open field.

If you discover a fire..

What to do

Activate fire alarm (break glass)

Call for help, inform Fire Hotline (loc. 333)

Try to extinguish the fire if you are trained to do so.

Do not take any personal risks.

Follow instructions of Evacuation Team Guide.

Proceed to the Assembly Area.

break seal / remove pin

release hose / nozzle from holder

test for good operation by squeezing lever

briefly before approaching the fire

extinguish the fire to within 6-8 feet and aim at

the base of the fire

sweep the nozzle back and forth until fire is

completely extinguished.

What to do

on hearing the continuous alarm signal, gather vital personaleffects and go for the nearest exit near you.

go to the Assembly Area at the open field.

If you are away from normal work floor, obey instructions

from that floor.

do not attempt to return to your own floor.

notify Security Office (loc. 2261)

prevent other personnel from going into the area

security will take any other action required

What to do

if a bomb or suspicious object is discovered do

not touch it, clear the area

notify security office (loc. 2261)

prevent other personnel from going into the area

security will take any other action required

attract the attention of another staff member to

ring Loc. 2261, give details

record details of threat as per procedure given: do

not hang up your phone

try to record exact words; keep the caller

TALKING (try to obtain as much as information as

possible)

security will take further action required

when is the bomb going to explode?

where is it right now?

what does it look like?

what kind of bomb is it?

what will cause the bomb to explode?

who place the bomb?

why?

where are you?

What is your name?

DO NOT HANG UP THE PHONE

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:

most Sr. Security Officer On-Duty shall respond

when an emergency arising from fire, earthquake and

explosions occurs upon notice given by the Chief

Marshall

the compound shall be cordoned to prevent

unauthorized persons entry

Security Officers shall supervise crowd control to

prevent employees and looters around the affected

area.

Follow the safe and orderly evacuations of

employees to the assembly area.