1Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Robert L. Bertini, Christopher Monsere, Robert L. Bertini, Christopher Monsere, Michael Wolfe and Mathew BerkowMichael Wolfe and Mathew BerkowPortland State UniversityPortland State University2008 CITE District and Quad Regional Conference2008 CITE District and Quad Regional ConferenceApril 28, 2008April 28, 2008

Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementDetermine Detector Placement

2Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

ObjectiveObjective

Develop an automated way to report speeds, travel times and performance measures using: Existing ITS signal infrastructure Automatic Vehicle Locator (AVL) data

Expand PORTAL to include arterial data

Develop an automated way to report speeds, travel times and performance measures using: Existing ITS signal infrastructure Automatic Vehicle Locator (AVL) data

Expand PORTAL to include arterial data

3Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Selected Arterial Performance MeasuresSelected Arterial Performance MeasuresSelected Arterial Performance MeasuresSelected Arterial Performance Measures

TABLE 1 SELECTED ARTERIAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Metric Measurement Interval Location Maximum Speed

per Vehicle per Person

per Distance per Time

(cycle, 15 min, hour, day)

per Lane per Lane Group per Approach per Segment per Facility

per Area

Average Speed Speed Indexa Density Running Time Travel Time Travel Time Variance Average Delay Maximum Delay Queue Length Platoon Ratio Number of Stops Signal Failure Duration of Congestion per Day Number of Incidents per Day/Peak Period Duration Incidents per Event Nonrecurring Delay aRatio of average speed to posted speed.

4Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Inspiration – Signal System Data OnlyInspiration – Signal System Data OnlyInspiration – Signal System Data OnlyInspiration – Signal System Data Only

5Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Inspiration – Bus AVL System Data OnlyInspiration – Bus AVL System Data OnlyInspiration – Bus AVL System Data OnlyInspiration – Bus AVL System Data Only

I-5

I-5

I-205

US 26

SR 217

Powell Blvd.

6Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

This Project: Combine Signal and Bus AVLThis Project: Combine Signal and Bus AVLThis Project: Combine Signal and Bus AVLThis Project: Combine Signal and Bus AVL

7Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Signal System DataSignal System DataSignal System DataSignal System Data

8Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

DDDD

Signal System Data:Signal System Data:Portland’s Portland’s Detection Detection InfrastructureInfrastructure

Signal System Data:Signal System Data:Portland’s Portland’s Detection Detection InfrastructureInfrastructure

Data AggregationData AggregationCount Station Count Station

5 min5 minOther Detector Other Detector

15 min15 min7 Day Sample7 Day Sample

9Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Case Study: Barbur Blvd. Speed MapCase Study: Barbur Blvd. Speed MapCase Study: Barbur Blvd. Speed MapCase Study: Barbur Blvd. Speed Map

SheridanHooker

Hamilton

3rdTerwilligerBertha

19th

I-5 Off-ramp

30th

Park & Ride

N

10Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Detectors at Barbur and BerthaDetectors at Barbur and BerthaDetectors at Barbur and BerthaDetectors at Barbur and Bertha

11Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Density vs. OccupancyDensity vs. Occupancy

Density = number of vehicles per distance

Occupancy = percent of time with a vehicle on the sensor

Density = Occupancy X 1/(vehicle length + sensor length)

Density = number of vehicles per distance

Occupancy = percent of time with a vehicle on the sensor

Density = Occupancy X 1/(vehicle length + sensor length)

Density = 2 vehicles / 45 feet =.044

45’12’

6’

Density = .80 * 1 / (12 + 6) = .044

Occupancy = 80%

12Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Flow vs. Occupancy: 5 Minute DataFlow vs. Occupancy: 5 Minute DataFlow vs. Occupancy: 5 Minute DataFlow vs. Occupancy: 5 Minute Data

Barbur & Hamilton, Northbound 2-12-07 to 2-20-07

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Occupancy (%)

Flo

w (

v/h

)

13Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

5 Minute Speed and Occupancy (at Hamilton)5 Minute Speed and Occupancy (at Hamilton)5 Minute Speed and Occupancy (at Hamilton)5 Minute Speed and Occupancy (at Hamilton)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00

Time

Sp

eed

(m

ph

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Occ

up

ancy

(%

)

Speed

Occupancy

14Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Barbur Northbound Contour PlotBarbur Northbound Contour Plot

15Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

AM Peak Speed Map From Detector DataAM Peak Speed Map From Detector DataAM Peak Speed Map From Detector DataAM Peak Speed Map From Detector Data

16Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

ConclusionsConclusions

Lack of Access to Real Time Data Limited Detection Very Limited Aggregation (5 Minute Won’t

Work) Detector Spacing

Lack of Access to Real Time Data Limited Detection Very Limited Aggregation (5 Minute Won’t

Work) Detector Spacing

17Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Bus AVL System DataBus AVL System DataBus AVL System DataBus AVL System Data

18Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

TriMet Archived AVL DataTriMet Archived AVL DataTriMet Archived AVL DataTriMet Archived AVL DataR

ou

te N

o.

Ser

vice

D

ate

Lea

ve T

ime

Sto

p T

ime

Arr

ive

Tim

e

Bad

ge

Dir

ecti

on

Tri

p N

o.

Lo

cati

on

ID

Dw

ell

Do

or

Lif

t

On

s

Off

s

Est

. L

oad

Max

Sp

eed

Pat

tern

D

ista

nce

X C

oo

r.

Y C

oo

r.

9 01NOV2001 8:53:32 8:49:15 8:53:28 285 0 1120 4964 0 0 0 0 0 21 41 10558.58 7644468 676005

9 01NOV2001 8:55:00 8:51:41 8:54:46 285 0 1120 4701 4 0 0 0 1 20 50 15215.05 7649112 676328

9 01NOV2001 8:56:22 8:52:00 8:55:08 285 0 1120 4537 36 3 0 6 0 26 34 15792.35 7649674 676220

Route Number Vehicle Number Service Date Actual Leave Time Scheduled Stop Time Actual Arrive Time Operator ID Direction Trip Number Bus Stop Location

Dwell Time Door Opened Lift Usage Ons & Offs (APCs) Passenger Load Maximum Speed

on Previous Link Distance Longitude Latitude

19Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1:04:00 PM 1:09:00 PM 1:14:00 PMTime

Dis

tan

ce (

mil

es)

Ross Island

Bridge

Test VehicleBusHypothetical BusPseudo BusModified Pseudo Bus B

us

Hyp

o

Pse

ud

oM

od

ified

Pse

ud

o

Veh

icl

e

Powell Blvd. Corridor StudyPowell Blvd. Corridor StudyPowell Blvd. Corridor StudyPowell Blvd. Corridor Study

20Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Building on Powell Blvd. StudyBuilding on Powell Blvd. StudyBuilding on Powell Blvd. StudyBuilding on Powell Blvd. Study

Begin with limited signal system data.Begin with limited signal system data.

Gather Gather archivedarchived TriMet AVL data. TriMet AVL data.

Merge two data sources to examine synergies due to Merge two data sources to examine synergies due to data fusion.data fusion.

Use AVL data to calibrate influence areas from loops.Use AVL data to calibrate influence areas from loops.

21Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/12/07Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/12/07Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/12/07Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/12/07

22Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/15/07Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/15/07Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/15/07Buses Inform Detector Readings – 2/15/07

23Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Midpoint Method Using 5-Minute DataMidpoint Method Using 5-Minute DataMidpoint Method Using 5-Minute DataMidpoint Method Using 5-Minute Data

24Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Adjust Influence Areas ManuallyAdjust Influence Areas ManuallyAdjust Influence Areas ManuallyAdjust Influence Areas Manually

25Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Bus Data Confirms AdjustmentBus Data Confirms AdjustmentBus Data Confirms AdjustmentBus Data Confirms Adjustment

26Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Reveals Gaps in DetectionReveals Gaps in DetectionReveals Gaps in DetectionReveals Gaps in Detection

27Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

New Occupancy Map From Combined SourcesNew Occupancy Map From Combined SourcesNew Occupancy Map From Combined SourcesNew Occupancy Map From Combined Sources

28Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

An Improvement Over Mid-Point MethodAn Improvement Over Mid-Point MethodAn Improvement Over Mid-Point MethodAn Improvement Over Mid-Point Method

29Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Average Link Travel TimesAverage Link Travel TimesAverage Link Travel TimesAverage Link Travel TimesNorthbound - Mean Travel Time              

  ActualHypo-

thetical PseudoModified Pseudo

Loop Detectors

Pseudo * 1.25

Signal + Bus

Weekday Morning Peak (n = 38) 15.31 6.11 7.71 9.89 14.90 9.64 10.79

Weekday Midday Off-Peak (n = 132) 12.84 7.02 7.30 8.94 11.09 9.12 7.97

Weekday Evening Peak (n = 46) 13.83 7.95 7.80 9.54 13.14 9.75 8.36

Northbound - Mean Speed              

  ActualHypo-

thetical PseudoModified Pseudo

Loop Detectors

Pseudo * 1.25

Signal + Bus

Weekday Morning Peak (n = 38) 17.63 44.18 35.00 27.29 18.12 28.00 25.03

Weekday Midday Off-Peak (n = 132) 21.03 38.45 37.01 30.21 24.34 29.60 33.87

Weekday Evening Peak (n = 46) 19.52 33.94 34.60 28.30 20.55 27.68 32.29

30Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Average Link Travel Times – AM PeakAverage Link Travel Times – AM PeakAverage Link Travel Times – AM PeakAverage Link Travel Times – AM Peak

Travel Time Observations (95% CI)Travel Time Observations (95% CI)Travel Time Observations (95% CI)Travel Time Observations (95% CI)

Link

Tra

vel T

ime

(Min

)Li

nk T

rave

l Tim

e (M

in)

Link

Tra

vel T

ime

(Min

)Li

nk T

rave

l Tim

e (M

in)

ActualActualActualActual HypoHypoHypoHypo PseudoPseudoPseudoPseudo Mod.Mod.PseudoPseudoMod.Mod.

PseudoPseudoLoopLoop

DetectorsDetectorsLoopLoop

DetectorsDetectorsPsuedoPsuedo* 1.25* 1.25

PsuedoPsuedo* 1.25* 1.25

Signal-BusSignal-BusSignal-BusSignal-Bus

31Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Conclusions and Next StepsConclusions and Next Steps

TriMet Buses Can Be Probes Detailed AVL Data (Stop Level) Not Available

in Real Time (?) No Access to Real Time Data (Transit Tracker) Travel Times Limited by Detector Data

TriMet Buses Can Be Probes Detailed AVL Data (Stop Level) Not Available

in Real Time (?) No Access to Real Time Data (Transit Tracker) Travel Times Limited by Detector Data

32Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements TransPort Members FHWA: Nathaniel Price ODOT: Galen McGill PSU & OTREC (Local Matching Funds) City of Portland: Bill Kloos, Willie Rotich TriMet: David Crout, Steve Callas JPACT and Oregon Congressional Delegation ITS Lab: John Chee, Rafael Fernandez

TransPort Members FHWA: Nathaniel Price ODOT: Galen McGill PSU & OTREC (Local Matching Funds) City of Portland: Bill Kloos, Willie Rotich TriMet: David Crout, Steve Callas JPACT and Oregon Congressional Delegation ITS Lab: John Chee, Rafael Fernandez

33Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector PlacementUsing Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Determine Detector Placement

Thank You!www.its.pdx.edu