11

Sports Injury RecognitionSports Injury RecognitionPE 236PE 236

Juan Cuevas, ATCJuan Cuevas, ATC

22

In the United States, ____In the United States, ____

_______ public high school_______ public high school

children are involved inchildren are involved in

sports activities annually.sports activities annually.

Sample GraphicSample Graphic

Sports Sports ParticipationParticipation

33

Since its passing, Since its passing, female sports female sports participation participation increased by increased by ________ ________

Title ____ Education Assistance Act of 1972

44

According to a According to a Pennsylvania study, Pennsylvania study, rates of athletic rates of athletic injuries among of injuries among of high school students high school students were:were:– __________ - 46.7%__________ - 46.7%– Boys’ basketball - Boys’ basketball -

10%10%– Wrestling - 9.68%Wrestling - 9.68%– ____________ - 7.5%____________ - 7.5%

General Injury DataGeneral Injury Data

55

General Injury General Injury DataData (continued)(continued)

In a two-year study of a community sportsIn a two-year study of a community sports

program, children participating in soccer had program, children participating in soccer had thethe

highest rate of injury, followed by baseball,highest rate of injury, followed by baseball,

football, and softball.football, and softball.

_______________ were the most common injury._______________ were the most common injury.

66

No universally No universally acceptable acceptable definition. definition.

Definition of Definition of Sports InjurySports Injury

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NCAA Definition of Sports NCAA Definition of Sports InjuryInjury

Sports Injury:Sports Injury:– Occurs as a result of participation in organized Occurs as a result of participation in organized

intercollegiate _________________-.intercollegiate _________________-.– Requires medical attention by a team athletic Requires medical attention by a team athletic

trainer or physician. trainer or physician. – Results in restriction of athlete’s participation Results in restriction of athlete’s participation

for one or more days after the injury.for one or more days after the injury.

_______________ does not reflect injury’s _______________ does not reflect injury’s severity. severity.

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Acute InjuriesAcute Injuries

Acute Injury - “injury characterized Acute Injury - “injury characterized by _____ onset, resulting from a by _____ onset, resulting from a __________ event”__________ event”

Acute injuries typically involve significant Acute injuries typically involve significant trauma followed by pain, swelling, and loss of trauma followed by pain, swelling, and loss of function.function.

99

__________ Injuries__________ Injuries

______________ Injury - “injury ______________ Injury - “injury characterized by a slow, insidious onset, characterized by a slow, insidious onset, implying a __________ development of implying a __________ development of structural damage”structural damage”

Chronic injuries develop over time and are often Chronic injuries develop over time and are often associated with repetitive, cyclic activities, such as associated with repetitive, cyclic activities, such as running.running.

These injuries are commonly called “_________ These injuries are commonly called “_________ injuries.” Common sites include the Achilles tendon, injuries.” Common sites include the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon, and the rotator cuff.patellar tendon, and the rotator cuff.

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Soft Tissues Soft Tissues ____________________FasciaFascia____________________Joint capsulesJoint capsules____________________Blood vesselsBlood vesselsNervesNerves

Soft TissuesSoft Tissues

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Catastrophic InjuryCatastrophic InjuryCatastrophic Injuries:Catastrophic Injuries:

Involve damage to the _____________________ Involve damage to the _____________________ cord.cord.

Can be life threatening or __________________.Can be life threatening or __________________.

Can occur as a direct or indirect result of sports Can occur as a direct or indirect result of sports participation.participation.

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Connective Tissue Connective Tissue InjuriesInjuries

__________________________ are injuries to are injuries to

ligaments.ligaments.

First-degree: mild with no swellingFirst-degree: mild with no swelling Second-degree: ____________ damage, Second-degree: ____________ damage,

pain, and dysfunctionpain, and dysfunction Third-degree: complete tear of Third-degree: complete tear of

ligament(s)ligament(s)

1313

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue InjuriesInjuries

__________________________ are injuries to tendon, are injuries to tendon, muscle, or musculotendinous junctionmuscle, or musculotendinous junction..

First-degree strain: mild with no swelling, pain First-degree strain: mild with no swelling, pain noticeable with usenoticeable with use

Second-degree strain: more extensive Second-degree strain: more extensive ___________ damage, pain, and moderate loss of ___________ damage, pain, and moderate loss of functionfunction

Third-degree strain: complete rupture, Third-degree strain: complete rupture, significant swelling & _________________ significant swelling & _________________

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Connective Tissue Connective Tissue InjuriesInjuries

_______________-_______________- are commonly are commonly referred to as “bruises.”referred to as “bruises.”

Contusions are associated with pain, stiffness, Contusions are associated with pain, stiffness, swelling, ecchymosis, and ______________.swelling, ecchymosis, and ______________.

May result in May result in myositis ossificansmyositis ossificans..

1515

Skeletal Tissue Skeletal Tissue InjuriesInjuries

________________________ are breaks or cracks in a are breaks or cracks in a bone.bone.

Types of FracturesTypes of Fractures– Closed Closed – ___________ ___________ – Stress Stress – Salter-HarrisSalter-Harris– ______________________

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DislocationsDislocations

DislocationDislocation-- “ “displacement of displacement of contiguous surfaces or bones contiguous surfaces or bones comprising a joint”comprising a joint”

- Total Displacement- Total Displacement

_____________ :_____________ : - - partial displacementpartial displacement

All dislocations should be diagnosed All dislocations should be diagnosed and treated by a physician.and treated by a physician.

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Injury Injury RecognitionRecognition

____________ role:____________ role:

Treat any suspected injury as an actual injury Treat any suspected injury as an actual injury until proven otherwise. until proven otherwise.

Recognize and discriminate injuries that require Recognize and discriminate injuries that require medical referral from those that do not require medical referral from those that do not require such attention. such attention.

Schools or sponsoring agency should Schools or sponsoring agency should make every effort to hire an NATABOC-make every effort to hire an NATABOC-Certified Athletic Trainer.Certified Athletic Trainer.

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American Academy of Pediatrics has American Academy of Pediatrics has developed categories of sports.developed categories of sports.

– _________/collision_________/collision– ___________ contact/impact___________ contact/impact– Non-contactNon-contact

Classification of Classification of SportsSports

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Extent of Extent of Injuries:Injuries:

Tackle FootballTackle Football 34% of players injured; __________ 34% of players injured; __________

players have higher risk than players have higher risk than defensive players.defensive players.

Hip, thigh, and _______ regions Hip, thigh, and _______ regions injured most often.injured most often.

2.4% of injuries required surgery, 2.4% of injuries required surgery, and of those 59.4% involved the and of those 59.4% involved the ________.________.

2020

Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: Tackle Tackle

FootballFootball

Contusions, strains, sprains, and Contusions, strains, sprains, and fractures are _________________.fractures are _________________.

Older players have higher risk than Older players have higher risk than younger ones.younger ones.

_____________ and brain injuries are a _____________ and brain injuries are a major concern.major concern.

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During the 2002 school During the 2002 school year, one million high school year, one million high school children participated in children participated in basketball (male and female basketball (male and female combined).combined).

Players have a high risk for Players have a high risk for ____ extremity injuries.____ extremity injuries.

________ sprains are the ________ sprains are the most common injury.most common injury.

Girls have higher risk of Girls have higher risk of ______ injuries than boys and ______ injuries than boys and are more likely to require are more likely to require surgery.surgery.

Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: BasketballBasketball

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In 2002, over 450,000 high In 2002, over 450,000 high school boys participated.school boys participated.

Nearly 12% sustained Nearly 12% sustained injuries. injuries.

__________/wrist/hand or __________/wrist/hand or __________/arm were often __________/arm were often injured. injured.

Of these injuries, most were Of these injuries, most were strains or sprains.strains or sprains.

Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: BaseballBaseball

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Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: BaseballBaseball

Children between the ages 5 and 14 have Children between the ages 5 and 14 have increased vulnerability to ______ impact increased vulnerability to ______ impact injuries from balls. (______________________)injuries from balls. (______________________)

Eye injuries from pitched balls are a Eye injuries from pitched balls are a concern.concern.

Chronic _________ injuries are a concern for Chronic _________ injuries are a concern for adolescent pitchers.adolescent pitchers.

– __________ pitching presents the greatest risk for __________ pitching presents the greatest risk for elbow problems.elbow problems.

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In 2002, there were over In 2002, there were over 240,000 high school 240,000 high school participants.participants.– About 27% sustained About 27% sustained

injuries. injuries. ____________ with opponents ____________ with opponents

and mats, and takedown and and mats, and takedown and escape maneuvers resulted in escape maneuvers resulted in various injuries.various injuries.

________/arm, knee, and ________/arm, knee, and forearm/wrist/hand were forearm/wrist/hand were injured most often.injured most often.– Most of these injuries were Most of these injuries were

__________________. __________________. Friction burns, skin infections, Friction burns, skin infections,

and “____________ ear” are and “____________ ear” are also common injuries.also common injuries.

Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: WrestlingWrestling

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Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: VolleyballVolleyball

During 2002, nearly 400,000 high During 2002, nearly 400,000 high school girls participated.school girls participated.

Nearly 15% were injured, most of Nearly 15% were injured, most of these injuries were sprains.these injuries were sprains.

____________ region is most often ____________ region is most often injured.injured.

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In the United States, In the United States, there are 12 million there are 12 million participants under 18 participants under 18 years of age. years of age.

During the 2002 season During the 2002 season almost:almost:– 340,000 high school 340,000 high school

boys participated.boys participated.– 300,000 high school 300,000 high school

girls participated.girls participated.

Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: SoccerSoccer

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Extent of Extent of Injuries: Injuries: SoccerSoccer

(continued)(continued)

______________ are the most common ______________ are the most common injury, with the knee, ankle, and shin injury, with the knee, ankle, and shin most often injured.most often injured.– Heading may result in injury, but no Heading may result in injury, but no

reliable research to confirm this reliable research to confirm this hypothesis.hypothesis.