1. Name of the Department: Fisheries Hydrography · 3 chemical characteristics of water. Study of plankton periphyton, benthos, aquatic insects and macrovegetation Estimation of primary

1

1. Name of the Department: Fisheries Hydrography

2. About Department:

3. Department-wise distribution of course credits:

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES HYDROGRAPHY Sr

No.

Sem

No.

Term No. Course Code Credits Department and Courses

1 I F HY 111 1+1 2 Meteorology and Geography

2 I F HY 112 1+1 2 Techniques of Soil Analysis

3 I F HY 113 2+1 3 Limnology

4 II F HY 124 2+1 3 Physical Oceanography

5 II F HY 125 1+1 2 Chemical Oceanography

6 IV F HY 226 1+1 2 Marine Biology

7 V F HY 317 2+1 3 Aquatic Biodiversity

8 VI F HY 328 1+1 2 Aquatic pollution

9 VI F HY 329 1+0 1 Coastal Zone Management

12+08 20

Sr.

No. Course No. Semester Credits

SEMESTER- I

4 F HY 111 Meteorology and Geography 1+1 2

Theory Nature of Atmosphere: weather and climate. Composition of

atmosphere, structure of atmosphere. Green house effect, Global

warming Temperature: periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature

variations; Humidity and water vapour: relationship between

temperature and humidity; distribution of water vapour in

atmosphere; evaporation. Condensation and precipitation: process of

conditions of condensation, forms of condensation. Precipitation;

forms of precipitation, rainfall in India and AP. Clouds and

thunderstorms: amount of cloudiness; ceiling; classification of

clouds; conditions of cloud formation; reporting and identification of

clouds; thunderstorms. Atmospheric pressure: pressure units;

meaning of Atmospheric pressure; the laws of Gases; pressure units;

vertical, horizontal and periodic variations; isobars and pressure

gradients. Wind: characteristics of wind motion; factors effecting

wind motion. Terrestrial or planetary winds; planetary pressure belts.

Planetary wind system; secondary winds. Planetary wind system;

monsoon winds; land and sea breeze. Tropical cyclones: storm

divisions; pressure and winds; vertical structure of storm centre;

hurricane, hurricane warning. Weather forecasting: forecasting

process; role of satellite in weather forecasting. Introduction to

Geography; shape, size and structure of the earth. Concepts of

latitude, longitude, and great circles. Model globe, maps and

different types of projections; cartography; landscape.

Practical Meteorology: Graphic representation of structure of atmosphere;

physical layering and compositional layering. Temperature

2

instruments: simple thermometers; six's Max-Min Thermometer;

thermograph. Isotherms: world mean temperatures-January to July.

India means temperatures - January to July. Humidity measurement:

hygrometer; psychrometer; relative humidity; dew point.

Condensation: observation and identification of various types of

clouds. Precipitation: measurement of rainfall using rain gauge.

Mapping Indian monsoons: south-west monsoon and rainfall in June,

North-east monsoon and rainfall in December; isohyets-

Atmospheric pressure measurement: fortin's mercurial barometer;

Aneroid barometer. Isobars; India mean pressure - Jan to July. Wind

observation and measurement: wind vane; cup anemometer. Ideal

terrestrial/planetary pressure and wind systems: diagrammatic

representation. Geography: The Earth: diagrammatic representation

of shape, size, structure, Zones, latitudes, longitudes and great

circles. Typical landscape mapping; map reading. Geographical

terms used in landscape

5 F HY 112 Techniques of Soil Analysis 1+1 2

Theory Standard solutions dilute solutions units of concentration. Acid, base,

salts; Hydrogen ions, concept of pH and buffer. Physical properties

of soil; soil color. Soil texture, soil structure, pore size, bulk density,

water holding capacity, soil types and their distribution. Soil

chemistry soil colloids, cations exchange, organic carbon, carbon

nitrogen ratio, soil fertility. Soil characteristics: origin and nature of

soils. Laboratory glass wares and equipment used in water and soil

analysis. Soil reactions: Acidity, Alkalinity, Conductivity. Saline

soils. Alkali soils, acid sulphate soils, iron pyrites, soil reclamation.

Soil quality criteria/ requirements for aquaculture. Lime manures,

fertilizers, micronutrients, zeolites, alum, gypsum.

Practical Principles of Titrymetry, Gravimetry, Potentiometry,

Conductometry, Refractometry. colourimetry, Turbidimetry,

Spectrophotometry (UV, Visible, Flame, AAS), computerized

instrument system. Determination of soil texture, soil pH,

conductivity, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and

organic carbon.

6 F HY 113 Limnology 2+1 3

Theory Introduction to limnology: inland water types, their identities and

distribution. Ponds and lakes; streams and rivers; dynamics of lentic

and lotic environments. Lakes their origin and their diversity: famous

lakes of the world and India; Nature of lake environment;

morphometry, physical and chemical conditions biological relations

Plankton: planktonic organisms; classification of plankton;

distribution of plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal and

seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton: Aquatic

plants: character, classification, zonation. limnological role. Nekton:

distribution, movements. Benthos: classification; periphyton;

zonation; Distribution; movements, profundal bottom fauna.

Biological productivity: classification of lakes based on productivity;

quantitative relationships in a standing crop; trophic dynamics;

successional phenomena; indices of productivity of lakes. Lotic

environments: running waters in general; physical conditions.

Classification of lotic environments, biological conditions;

Productivity of lotic environments.

Practical Determination of physical characteristics of water. Determination of

3

chemical characteristics of water. Study of plankton periphyton,

benthos, aquatic insects and macrovegetation Estimation of primary

productivity in fresh water bodies.

SEMESTER-II

4 F HY 124 Physical Oceanography 2+1 3

Theory Oceanography-definition & branches of oceanography. World's

major oceans. National & International institutes of Oceanography

The earth and the ocean basin, distribution of water and land; relief

of sea floor; ‘Major feature of Topography and Terminology; Major

Divisions: Continental margin. Ocean basin floor, Mid ocean ridge

system. Deep sea trenches and deeps. Oceanic heat budget Relief in

Indian oceans. Ocean Waves: Definition and terms; classification

Difference between surface and long waves; wave theories; surface

wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; Spilling and

breaking waves; long waves. Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves.

Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, elementary tidal

definition; Tidal inequalities; tide producing forces, types of tides,

tidal bores, and tide prediction. Ocean Currents: Definitions and

features; Direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters;

drift currents, Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking, gradient currents;

Thermohaline circulation; characteristics; course, significance of

some major ocean currents of the world. El-Nino. Physical properties

of sea water: Salinity, Temperature; thermal properties sea water;

other properties of sea water; Residence time of constituents in

seawater. absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and

viscosity. Properties of sea ice; Transmission of sound; absorption of

radiation; General distribution of temperature, salinity and density:

Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST), subsurface

distribution of temperature and salinity;The T-S diagram;water

masses of Indian oceans.

Practical Operation of oceanographic instruments- Nansen reversing water

sampler. Reversing thermometer, CTD. Bathythermograph. Grabs.

Corers. Current meters. Tidal gauges. Echo-sounder. Bottom

topography of ocean. Submersibles

5 F HY 125 Chemical Oceanography 1+1 2

Theory Definition, electronic configuration of water molecule. Chemistry of

sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water;

artificial sea water. Dissolved gases in sea water; Carbon dioxide

system and alkalinity, Inorganic agencies affecting composition of

sea water. Distribution of phosphorous, nitrogen compounds and

silicates in the oceans, Factors influencing the distribution of

nutrients.

Practical Determination of DO, CO2, Salinity, Alkalinity, Nitrates, phosphates

and silicates in sea water.

SEMESTER-III- NIL

SEMESTER-IV

4

4 F HY 226 Marine Biology 1+1 2

Theory Introduction: Divisions of marine environment- pelagic, benthic,

euphotic, aphotic divisions and their subdivisions. Populations of

oceans - general account of major groups of phytoplankton, sea

weeds, major zooplankton groups. Environmental factors affecting

life in the oceans- salinity, temperature, light, currents, waves, tides,

oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Marine food chains and food webs.

Primary , secondary and tertiary production vertical migration of

zooplankton, 'Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship, geographical

and seasonal variation in plankton production, plankton and fisheries.

Benthos- a life in rocky, sandy, and muddy shores. Mud banks Coral

reefs. Boring and fouling organisms. Bioluminescence and indicator

species, Red tides.

Practical Study of common instruments used for collection of plankton and

benthos. Collection, preservation and analysis of phytoplankton,

zooplankton, sea weeds, mangroves and benthos.

SEMESTER-V

13+9 22

5 F HY 317 Aquatic Biodiversity 2+1 3

Theory Ecology: Definition; Ecological Hierarchy; Subdivisions of

Ecology, Ecosystem: Principles and concepts; Examples of

Ecosystems: Production and Decomposition; Homeostasis of the

Ecosystem, Energy flow: Definition; Concepts of Productivity;

Biogeochemical Cycles: Patterns and Basic types, cycling of Organic

nutrients; Pathways, Limiting factors and governing laws. Ecological

Indicators. Community Ecology: The biotic community. Ecological

Dominance; community analysis; species diversity in communities;

patterns in communities, ecotones. Population ecology: population

group prosperities, population density and indices of relative

abundance. Types of interaction -animal association- Symbiosis,

commensalisms, parasitism, etc., Autecology: Concepts of habitat

and ecological Niche; Natural Selection; Artificial Selection.

Estuaries- classification; physico-chemical factors; biota and

productivity; example of some Indian estuaries. Mangroves-

definition, mangrove plants, factors affecting distribution. Mangrove

flora and fauna. Conservation of habitats: endangered species and

their conservation, fish passes for migratory fishes, Protected areas,

marine parks and sanctuaries, mangrove afforestation. Artificial

reefs.

Practical Aquatic species diversity and their adaptive characters/ associations.

Collection and identification of corals and coral reef biota. Visit to

marine structures on the coast, collection and identification of Borers

and Fouler organisms, assessment of the damages and appraisal of

remedial measures. Threat analysis of various aquatic habitats. Visit

to a marine park/sanctuary. Understanding the steps involved in

protecting endangered habitats and species (Horse shoe crab. Marine

turtles, sharks and marine mammals).

SEMESTER-VI

12+9 21

5

4 F HY 328 Aquatic pollution 1+1 2

Theory Pollution: Definition, Classification of water pollution- physical,

chemical and biological, Terminologies. Domestic wastes-

composition and pollution effects- sewage treatment and its reuse.

Agricultural wastes- organic detritus, nutrients. Adverse effects of

oxygen demanding wastes: importance of dissolved oxygen; Oxygen

demand; BOD; COD; Oxygen budget; Biological effects of organic

matter. Excessive plant nutrients: Eutrophication. Biological

indicators of pollution. Pesticide types and categories; inorganic

pesticides, Organo-chlorine compounds, Organo-phosphorous

compounds; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Bioaccumulation and

impact on aquatic and human health; toxicology. Heavy metals:

Interaction of heavy metals with water aquatic organisms.

Bioremediation Oil pollution; Crude oil and fractions; Sources Of oil

pollution; Treatment of oil spills at sea; Beach Cleaning; Ecological

Impact of Oil pollution- Case studies Thermal pollution and its

effects. Physical and chemical nature of possible effluents from

major industries in India with special reference to Konkan.

Monitoring and control of pollution, Functions and working of

pollution control boards. Environmental Impact Assessment for

fisheries and aquaculture projects.

Practical Physical characteristics of polluted waters; Colour, Odour, Turbidity.

pH, BOD, COD determination, Hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia.

Heavy metals and Oil and grease in water. Pollution flora and fauna:

indicator species- algae, protozoa and insect larva. Methods of

pesticide residue analysis in waters and fish tissue; bioassay and

toxicity study. Bioassay and toxicity study.

5 F HY 329 Coastal Zone Management 1+0 1

Theory Coastal zone-definition, importance. Anthropogenic activities and

their impact on coastal zones; agriculture, aquaculture, waste

disposal, property and infrastructure development, ports and

shipping, tourism (beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum

industry, heavy industry, forest industry), mining and marine

excavations, water supply projects. Anthropogenic activities and their

impact on coastal zones; agriculture, aquaculture, waste disposal,

property and infrastructure development, ports and shipping, tourism

(beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum industry, heavy industry,

forest industry), mining and marine excavations, water supply

projects. Goals and purposes of CZM. Management methods and

information: public awareness and environment policy, General

coastal zone programs, shore lands management, coastal water basin

protection, coastal water quality protection, harvestable resources,

and ecosystem restoration. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act,

Environment impact assessment (EIA). Integrated Coastal Zone

Management (ICZM). International treaties and conventions.

Preparation of projects based on the provided Guidelines and

Standards for Coastal Projects- aquaculture, agriculture, estuarine

flood protection, sewage treatment systems, solid waste disposal.

Urban run off, Power plants, disasters, etc.

Practical Nil

6

The deparment offers post-graduate courses viz., M.F.Sc. and Ph.D. in the

discipline of Aquatic Environment Management

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Course Structure

CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS Master’s programme

AEM 501* Aquatic Environment And Biodiversity 2+1

AEM 502* Chemical Interactions In The AquaticEnvironment 2+1

AEM 503*# Integrated coastal zone management 2+1

AEM 504* Aquatic Pollution And Wastewater Management 2+1

AEM 505 Ecology And Management of LimneticEnvironment 2+1

AEM 506 Environmental Biotechnology 1+1

AEM 507 Environmental Toxicology 1+1

AEM 508 Analytical Techniques In Environmental Sciences 1+1

AEM 509 Planktonology 1+1

AEM 510 Fisheries Oceanography 1+1 AEM 511 Aquatic Microbiology 2+1 AEM 591 Master’s Seminar 1+0 AEM 599 Master’s Research 20

Ph.D. programme

AEM 601 ** Advances in aquatic environmental studies 2+1 AEM 602 ** Biotechnology for Cleaner Environment 2+1 AEM 603 ** Benthic Ecology 1+1

AEM 604 Estuarine and coastal oceanography 2+1 AEM 605 Organic Production And Plant Pigments 2+1 AEM 606 Environment Impact Assessment 1+1 AEM 607 Management and Utilization Of Wastewater 2+1 AEM 608 Application of Remote Sensing And GIS In Fisheries 2+1 AEM 609 Dispersal And Fate Of Pollutants In The Ocean 1+1 AEM 610 Restoration Ecology 1+1 AEM 691 Doctoral Seminar I 1+0

AEM 692 Doctoral Seminar II 1+0 AEM 699 Doctoral Research 45

Compulsory for Master’s programme; ** Compulsory for Ph.D. programme

7

Aquatic Environment Management

(Syllabus for Master’s programme)

AEM 501 Aquatic Environment And Biodiversity (2+1)

Objective

To acquaint the students with the theoretical and practical aspects of theaquatic environment and

biodiversity.

Theory

UNIT I

Concepts in aquatic environment: Aquatic environment/ecosystem –components-structure and

functions; Ecological concepts – succession,homeostasis, natality and mortality, r and k

selection; Concepts of habitatand ecological niche; carrying capacity.

UNIT II

Environmental concerns: Environmental concerns – population explosion,industrialization,

urbanization, and natural calamities; Overexploitation ofresources; Environmental stresses;

Global Warming; Ozone Depletion.

UNIT III

Biodiversity: Biodiversity – Definition and concept; Factors influencingaquatic biodiversity;

Types of biodiversity - Species diversity in differentecosystems, Genetic Diversity, and Habitat

Diversity; Biodiversity indicesand their significance; Concepts of Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI);

Economic appraisal of biodiversity; Global diversity patterns and loss ofbiodiversity.

Practical

Collection of fauna and flora from different ecosystems; Analysis ofBiodiversity at community,

population and species levels through differentmethods; Case studies.

AEM 502 Chemical Interactions In The Aquatic Environment (2+1)

Objective

To acquaint the students with basic principles of chemical interactions in theaquatic

environment.

Theory

UNIT I

Basic chemistry principles: Chemical reaction kinetics, chemical equilibriaand redox chemistry,

solubility concept, dissolution kinetics, processescontrolling elemental cycling in the earth's

crust, oceans and atmosphere.

8

UNIT II

Soil properties: Soil structure and texture; Composition of oxide and silicateminerals in relation

to surface chemical processes; Charge and double layer and mineral equilibrium; Silicate

weathering, transformation, weatheringproducts; Ion exchange - concept and source of cation

exchange capacity(CEC), adsorption on to clay minerals of major cations, specific adsorptionof

major and minor nutrients, and heavy metal ions.

UNIT III

Nutrient dynamics: Chemistry of soil-nutrient interactions and waterpermeability; Organic

substances - biological processes in the degradationand conversion of organic matter; Humus

and biogeochemical substances -structure, reactivity, solubility and mobility; Transport of

substances -nutrients (e.g., phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, Ca and K), Soil-waterinteractions –

availability of nutrients and productivity of aquaticecosystem.

UNIT IV

Pollutant dynamics: Pollutant cycling, bio-accumulation, bio-availability,speciation and

transport of contaminants (e.g., pesticides and heavy metals).

Practical

Sample Collection techniques; Determination of physicochemicalparameters of soil and water -

pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential,soil texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity,

hydraulic conductivity,organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

andmicronutrients; C/N ratio; clay colloids in the soil; CEC;Adsorption/fixation of ions on clay

minerals.

AEM 503 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (2+1)

Objective

To impart knowledge on the coastal resources, integrated coastal zonemanagement strategies

and disaster management.

Theory

UNIT I

Coastal resources: Coastal natural resources systems: flora and fauna,trophic relationship,

nutrient production, cycle and transport; Mangroveecosystem - species diversity and distribution

of mangroves in India, Otherinter-tidal system- Seagrass system, Coral reef system, Sandy

beachsystem, Lagoon and estuary system.

UNIT II

Developmental activities and biodiversity loss: Ecological issues, Nonsustainabledevelopment,

Pollution, threats to biodiversity, habitatdestruction, Depletion of fisheries resources, impacts of

global environmentchanges, Multiple uses of the Coastal Zone, Urban settlement,

9

Industrialdevelopment, waste disposal, Shore protection works, ports and marinetransportation.

Land transportation infrastructure, Water control and supplyprojects, sea fisheries, Aquaculture,

Coastal forest industries, Coastalagriculture, industries.

UNIT III

Coastal Zone Management: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM):its need and benefits,

Principles, Goals and objectives of the ICZMprogramme; Scope, Extent of jurisdiction,

Boundaries of the coastal zone,policies and planning for coastal resource management;

Managementmechanisms- Pollution control, Protected areas (sanctuaries, marine parksand

biosphere reserves), Protection from natural hazards; Socioeconomicimpacts and its assessment,

Disaster management for coastal environment.

UNIT IV

Coastal tourism: Beach resorts, restaurants and parks within the coastalzone as per existing rules

and regulations. Impact of pollution on coastalresources.

Practical

Analysis of soil and water characteristics of coastal areas where man madeimpacts have

established; Assessment of damages of water quality;Collection, preservation and identification

of coastal biologicalcommunities; Survey of different coastal zones; Visit to the protected areas.

AEM 504 AQUATIC POLLUTION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 2+1

Objective

To impart fundamental and advanced knowledge on different aspects of Aquatic pollution and

waste water management.

Theory

UNIT I

Aquatic pollution and its management: Aquatic pollution – sources, types and their impacts;

Pollution problems of groundwater resources –sources of contamination, management issues.

UNIT II

Pollutants - Sewage, pesticides, oils, metals, radioactive wastes, biomedical wastes, etc.

Common transport processes of pollutants in the aquatic environment; dispersal of pollutants;

Algal blooms and their management, Methods of pollution surveys.

UNIT III

Waste disposal and water quality criteria used in different parts of world - national and

international standards; ISO-14000(EMS), EIA, Management strategies.

UNIT IV

10

Wastewater management: Wastewaters - classification and characteristics of sewage and

industrial effluents; treatment methods for water and waste water; Principles of aeration,

chlorination, ozonation and U.V. irradiation.

UNIT V

Waste recycling and utilization in aquaculture; Design and construction of water filtration

devices; aerobic and anaerobic treatment of wastewater.

UNIT VI

Wastes from fish processing units and their treatment; solid waste management; removal of

nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water; Role of aquatic macrophytes in treatment of

wastewater.

Practical

Collection and preservation of wastewater samples; Physicochemical analysis of wastewater -

total dissolved and suspended solids, DO, BOD, COD, H2S,, NH3–N, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4-P,

CH4, heavy metals and pesticides; Use of algae for waste water treatment; Visit to a sewage

treatment plant, fish processing unit and other industries; Exercise on interpretation of water

quality data for evaluation of aquatic health.

AEM 505 ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF LIMNETIC ENVIRONMENT 2+1

Objective

To educate the students on the ecology of limnetic wetlands and to impart skill and knowledge

on the sustainable management of the limnetic ecosystems.

Theory

UNIT I

Types: Categorization of different limnetic fisheries resources - lacustrine, riverine and

coldwater systems; Wetlands, Floodplain wetlands, swamps - characteristics, flora and fauna.

UNIT II

Characteristics: Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment and its

relationship with the organisms; influence on metabolism, behavior and orientation of animals;

Biological productivity in relation to fishery potential; Trophic relationships in the wetland

ecosystem - nutrient production, and transport, Trophic succession; Dynamics of lentic

and lotic systems; Water budgeting in limnetic ecosystems.

UNIT III

Conservation and Management: Functions of wetlands; Habitat degradation- causative factors

and controlling/management measures; Destruction of wetlands - causes and consequences;

Restoration, conservation and management of wetlands; Resource enhancement; Management of

water bodies for economy-driven activities; Management through Biomanipulation studies- top-

11

down and Bottom-up methods; Integrated Environment Management (IEM) Programme-

involvement of human element; River continuum concept and new paradigm shift; River

linking; International conventions - Ramsar; Environmental laws and regulations; Index of

Biotic Integrity (IBI); modeling studies; Wetland mapping using remote sensing; Geographical

Information System (GIS)- Definition, Concepts and application.

Practical

Collection, preservation and analysis of flora and fauna (including phytoplankton, zooplankton

and benthos) of wetland ecosystem; Case studies on soil and water quality assessment; Survey

and sampling of lentic and lotic waters; Calculation of shoreline development index and

morphometry; Determination of carrying capacity; Field visits to selected reservoirs,

lakes/wetlands and rivers.

AEM 506 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1+1

Objective

To impart basic knowledge on biotechnological applications of microorganisms and

demonstration of their potential for environmental management.

Theory

UNIT I

Fundamentals of environmental biotechnology: Environmental biotechnology- concepts and

scope; conventional and modern approaches, Interrelationship of xenobiotics with other

environmental variables; IPR issues related to environmental biotechnology.

UNIT II

Genetically-improved strains: Genetically-improved strains – basic concepts, application in

waste management, pesticide degradation, heavy metal remediation, oil removal; Nitrogen

fixation; Phosphate solubilization; Cellular and molecular markers of environmental pollution

monitoring and management.

UNIT III

Microbial consortia: Consortia of microbes for environmental protection – Concept, scope and

feasibility. UNIT IV

Biological treatment and utilization of wastes: Bioreactors – principles and application in

nitrification, denitrification, reduction of BOD; Production of biofuels, fermented products and

biogas from wastes, Nutrient uptake by aquatic organisms.

12

Practical

Genomic and plasmid DNA isolation; PCR and gel electrophoresis, Cloning; Single-cell protein

production; Case studies on wastewater treatment/recirculatory systems; Quantification of N

fixation, nitrification; Screening of microbes for biodegradation properties.

AEM 507 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 1+1

Objective

To impart knowledge on toxicological aspects of various pollutants.

Theory

UNIT I

Toxicity and metabolism: Factors influencing toxicity- environmental, genetic and nutritional;

Measurement and evaluation of the ecological effects of toxicants; Metabolism of toxic

substances by aquatic organisms - consequences, synergistic and antagonistic effects; Acute

poisons and accumulative poisons; Bioaccumulation and biomagnification; Systemic

effects of toxic metals, pesticides and herbicides; Effect of select toxicants on aquatic life and

detoxification.

UNIT II

Toxicity evaluation: Toxicity Testing - Microcosm and Mesocosm Tests, Dose-Response

Relationships, Toxicity Bioassay.

Practical

Toxicity evaluation of heavy metals on selected organisms by bioassay techniques; Toxicity

assessment of pesticides, PCBs and oil on selected organisms; Analysis of heavy metals from

aquatic ecosystems; Toxicity testing methods.

AEM 508 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 1+1

Objective

To impart knowledge and skills in analytical techniques employed in environmental studies.

Theory

UNIT I

Overview and concepts: An overview of qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques used

in environmental science; Sampling techniques and procedures; Factors affecting the choice of

an analytical technique; Interferences and their removal, Field kits and their application.

UNIT II

Photometric techniques: Theory, instrumentation and application of colorimetry and

spectrophotometry.

13

UNIT III

Separation techniques: Chromatography – theory, instrumentation and applications of thin layer,

paper, ion-exchange, size exclusion, high performance liquid and gas; Methods of preparing

biological samples for chromatographic analysis; Theory and applications of electrophoresis;

Principles and uses of ultracentrifugation.

UNIT IV

Tracer techniques: Scintillation counters and radio isotopes in environmental research.

Practical

Quantitative estimation of organic and inorganic pollutants and toxicants by UV-Visible

spectrophotometer, AAS, HPLC, GC.

AEM 509 PLANKTONOLOGY 1+1

Objective

To impart knowledge on plankton, their ecology and significance.

Theory

UNIT I

Plankton diversity and productivity: Classifications of plankton; Primary and secondary

production - estimation, significance, affecting factors; Production - biomass (P/B ratio); Indices

of productivity; Community interrelationships.

UNIT II

Ecology of phytoplankton: Phytoplankton (freshwater and marine) - methods of assessment,

spatial and temporal variations, succession, diversity; Nanoplankton; Algal blooms; Role in

carbon sequestration. UNIT III

Ecology and life history of zooplankton: Zooplankton (freshwater and marine) – ecology of the

major taxa, their food and feeding, reproduction of important zooplankton, life history stages;

swarms; Indicator species; Predator-prey relationship; Impact of grazing in the aquatic

ecosystem; Vertical migration of zooplankton; Larval ecology of benthic invertebrates.

UNIT IV

Sampling and preservation techniques: Plankton nets and recorders, catching efficiency of

various nets; Plankton fixatives and preservatives.

14

Practical

Collection, preservation and quantitative estimation of phytoplankton and zooplankton;

Identification and classification of various phytoplankton and zooplankton; Preparation of

permanent slides; Logging, cataloguing and sorting procedures.

AEM 510 FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY 1+1

Objective

To educate the students on the oceanographic concepts related to fisheries and impart skill to

operate oceanographic equipment.

Theory

UNIT I

Oceanographic factors in fisheries: Effects of physicochemical and biological oceanographic

factors on adaptation, behaviour, abundance and production of aquatic organisms; Space and

time scales in oceanographic analysis; Speed and magnitude of short-term changes in the ocean;

Synoptic oceanographic analysis – currents, waves, tides, amplitudes, stratification, related

chemical factors, upwelling and circulation patterns.

UNIT II

Forcasting systems: Fisheries forecasts – interpretation and use of ocean thermal structure in

fisheries; Fisheries forecasting system in India and other countries – remote sensing; Global

Positioning System (GPS). Application of Remote Sensing in fisheries; Application of echo-

sounders and SONAR.

UNIT III

Coastal fishery: Coastal fishery and hydrography- introduction, scope and factors affecting;

shoreline protection and influence of developmental activities on coastal hydrography.

UNIT IV

Factors affecting marine fisheries: Environmental factors influencing the seasonal variations in

fish catches in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

Practical

Oceanographic data analysis – water temperature, salinity, pH, nutrients, benthos and sediment

characteristics; Fisheries forecasting systems; Oceanographic equipment and fish finding

devices.

15

AEM 511 AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY 2+1

Objective

To impart knowledge on aquatic microorganisms with reference to their role in the aquatic

environment and bioprospecting.

Theory

UNIT I

Cell structure and function: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, cell membrane, cell wall,

proteins, nucleic acids - structure, properties and interactions, microbial growth.

UNIT II

Distribution and classification: Microbial community in freshwater, estuary and marine

environment (types and abundance). Microbial dependency on physical, chemical and biological

factors of the environment; Classification of aquatic microorganisms, Microbes in extreme

environments and their significance - thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and barophiles.

UNIT III

Microbial interaction with matter: Microbial interaction - role of microbial population on the

biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P, S, Si and Fe), Xenobiotic and inorganic pollutants; Microbial

degradation of natural and synthetic compounds.

UNIT IV

Microorganisms and public health: Water-borne pathogens of public health importance -

protozoans, bacteria, enteroviruses; Microbial toxins; Microbial standards for different water

uses.

UNIT V

Microbes and aquatic environment: Principles and applications of bioprocesses –

bioremediation, biofertilization, biofilms, bio-leaching, biocorrosion, bio-fouling;

Microorganisms as bioindicators, bioremediators and biosensors; Microbial biomass production

- single cell protein;

Bioprospecting.

Practical

Sampling methods; Isolation, identification and enumeration of algae and bacteria from diverse

aquatic habitats; growth kinetics; Management of algal and bacterial cultures; Quantification of

microbial activities in nutrient cycles; Microbial sensitivity testing; Demonstration of biofilms.

16

Aquatic Environment Management

(Syllabus for Doctoral Programme)

AEM 601 Advances in Aquatic Environmental Studies (2+1)

Objective

To impart knowledge on various aspects of advances in aquatic environment studies.

Theory

UNIT I

Factors effecting productivity of aquatic ecosystems and their interactions; phosphorus, nitrogen

and silica cycles; minor metallic elements; organic matter in lake waters. Dynamics of flowing

water; Indices of productivity; pollution index –usefulness and limitations.

UNIT II

Eutrophication – causative factors, effects on water quality, fish and other biota; measures to

control the lake degradation due to eutrophication.

UNIT III

Biomanipulation: Concept and approaches- studies on Planktivorous, Benthivorous and

Omnivorous fish. Biological control of macrophyte and eutrophication.

UNIT IV

Biomonitoring of aquatic environment, scope and process; Bioindicator organisms and its

Characteristics; Assessment of water quality through bioindicators.

UNIT V

Global warming and green house effects- process and impact on aquatic environment; Integrated

environment management (IEM), Role of human element in IEM, Analytical Behavior Analysis

Approach (ABAA) for IEM.

UNIT VI

Natural disasters: formation, causes and effects; effects on aquatic habitat and coastal

population; Concerns and management; mitigation process; preparedness, Anthropogenic

activities leading to environmental disasters. Man-made aquatic environmental degradation;

effects on aquatic life.

Practical

Analysis of ions; Calculation of shoreline development index and other indices of lake

productivity; Studies on eutrophication in natural waterstanks and ponds; Collection,

preservation and estimation (quantitative and qualitative) of bioindicator organisms in polluted

water. Demonstration of Biomanipulation experiment; Preparation of disaster kits for coastal

fisher; Interaction of the Govt. and Non-Govt. Organizations engaged for disaster management.

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AEM 602 Biotechnology For Cleaner Environment (1+1)

Objective

To educate the learners about the application of biotechnology in aquatic environment

management.

Theory

UNIT I

Pollution Control: Cleaner technologies, Reducing environmental impact of industrial effluents,

Toxic site reclamation.

UNIT II

Microbial transformation of toxic metals, Removal of spilled oil and grease deposits,

‘Biorational’ or ‘Environmentally Safe’ weed and pest control, Bio-fertilizers, Bio-sensors and

biochips to detect environmental pollutants.

UNIT III

Application of biotechnological tools in biomonitoring of aquatic environment; Renewable or

bio-energy and bio-fuels from aquatic environment, Energy and fuel production using micro-

organisms; Production of food: Single cell protein, Algal biotechnology for production of food;

Use of microbes for improving soil fertility, biodegradation.

UNIT IV

Biodiversity and its conservation: Current levels of biodiversity, alpha and beta biodiversity, in

situ and ex situ conservation-gene banks, species conservation. Intellectual Property Rights

(IPR) and protection (IPP): IPP and aquatic genetic resources (AGR).

Practical

Quantification of faunal changes in polluted water; Gel electrophoresis; Total DNA isolation;

Mitrochondial DNA isolation, Separation and detection of fragments, Comet assay,

Micronucleus test, Sister Chromatid exchange; Assessing the molecular and cellular level

changes in the Aquatic organisms; Genomic libraries and the development of species specific

probes. Southern hybridization; RFLP analysis, PCR mechanics.

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AEM 603 Benthic Ecology (1+1)

Objective

To impart theoretical and practical knowledge of benthic ecology.

Theory

UNIT I

Benthic habitat- rocks, reefs, marshes and sediments that form the habitat;recycling of nutrients

and the burial and storage of organic matter.

UNIT II

Community ecology; Physical, chemical and biological factors effectingbenthic population;

abundance and distribution of benthic communitiesmajorgroups- their life cycles, food and

feeding habits and ecologicalsignificance; Role in maintaining ecological balance; Recruitment

dynamics; Predator prey interaction; Invasive species.

UNIT III

Human impacts; modification of coastal habitats, and major alterations of

biogeochemical cycles; contaminants; Benthic organisms as pollution

indicators and biomonitors.

Practical

Collection and analysis of soil and water of nearby benthic habitat;collection, identification and

preservation of macro and micro benthos;study of food and feeding habit of some benthic

population.

AEM 604 Estuarine and Coastal Oceanography (2+1)

Objective

To impart knowledge on the dynamics of coastal environment.

Theory

UNIT I

Definition of an estuary; Buoyancy input as freshwater.

UNIT II

Dynamics of the gravitational circulation; Mixing of fresh and salt water;Sources of energy for

mixing.Estuarine circulation, Richardson number.Contributions to the salt flux.

UNIT III

Simplified salt balance using the steady state salinity distribution to predictthe concentration of a

pollutant.Freshwater fraction.The flushing time ofan estuary and methods of determining it.

UNIT IV

Waves in shallow waters, transformation, refraction and reflection; Masstransport. Return flow.

Rip current. Long shore currents. Momentumbalance.

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UNIT V

Sediment transport. Base studies on sedimentation in Estuaries effects ofman –made structures

and breakwaters on coastal sedimentation. Standingwaves and harbor resonance.

Practical

Measurement of tidal currents in estuaries - analyses of tidal heights – Netflow and residence

time computations. Computation of salt and nutrientflux. Construction of wave refraction

diagrams. Computation of longshorecurrents and sediment drift beach profiles.

AEM 605 ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND PLANT PIGMENTS 2+1

Objective

To impart advance knowledge on primary productivity and pigments.

Theory

UNIT I

Concepts of production; measurements of rate of production – oxygen technique, radiotracer

technique (C14), in-situ measurements.

UNIT II

Phytoplankton production in an isolated, non isolated communities in flowing and standing

waters, measurement of rates of production from changes in phytoplankton biomass.

UNIT III

Measurement of photosynthesis under laboratory conditions; factors regulating aquatic

production; The role of Enzymes in relation to photosynthesis; The photosynthetic pigments,

their location in the chloroplast, The role of accessory pigments during photosynthesis;

Molecular organisation of chlorophylls, phycobilins and carotenoids; Pigment degradation

products – phaeopigments – phaeophytin andphaeophorbides.

UNIT IV

Chloroplast – structure and function of grana and lamellae. Structure of chloroplast membrane –

in relation to energy coupling and transport.

UNIT V

Application of remote sensing in studies on chlorophyll and other pigments.

UNIT VI

Production rates – direct measurement of zooplankton reproduction –marking

populations.Laboratory measurements of physiology of zooplankton – feeding, respiration and

excretion.

20

Practical

Estimation of primary production in waters –by Light and Dark Bottle method and radioactive

carbon C14 technique. Laboratory studies to understand the impact of nutrients and light on

primary production usingselected algal cultures. Laboratory studies on the oxygen consumption,

filtration and grazing by selected zooplankters. Collection of water samples from selected

aquatic environments for the estimation of different plant pigments – chlorophylls and

carotenoids; Estimation of pigments in some of the selected aquatic weeds.

AEM 606 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1+1

Objective

To impart theoretical and practical knowledge of environment impact assessment for sustainable

development.

Theory

UNIT I

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Process, evaluation and methodology; Social Impact

Assessment (SIA) as a part of EIA-principals and process; EIA of aquacultural projects, coastal

industries and other developmental activities.

UNIT II

Environmental audit: Concept, setting up an audit programme, typical audit process, carrying

out the audit, benefits of environmental auditing, Environmental audit programme in India.

UNIT III

International and national environmental protection standards; Environmental quality

monitoring; ISO-14000-Environment Management System (EMS)-present status; Impacts on

developing countries.

Practical

Field visits for EIA and SIA of certain aquacultural projects; EIA report preparation; Setting up

of Environmental audit programme.

AEM 607 MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF WASTEWATER 2+1

Objective

To impart theoretical and practical knowledge on management and

utilization of wastewater for sustainable development.

Theory

21

UNIT I

Advance treatment methods-Principles and procedures; ozonation, U.V. irradiation etc;

Oxidation of sediment; Aerobic and anaerobic treatmentprocess; Role of aquatic macrophytes in

biological treatment of waste water; Wastewater treatment through the use of solar energy; Basic

design of water and wastewater treatment plants. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from

wastewater.

UNIT II

Waste recycling and waste management in aquaculture; Design and construction of water

filtration devices; Utilization of wastewater for mass cultivation of algae and other fish food

organisms; Utilization of waste water for aquaculture and Agriculture.

UNIT III

Waste disposal criteria used in different parts of world - national and international standards;

Production of biogas from sewage; Advances in Pollution prevention, Environmental

management.

Practical

Estimation of physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater.Estimation of nutrients and

contaminant of wastewaters. Analysis of living communities associated with treatment

processes; Demonstration of wastewater treatments (ozonisation, chlorination, aeration,

precipitation, coagulation etc.).

AEM 608 APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN FISHERIES 1+1

Objective

To impart theoretical knowledge and practical skill on application of remote sensing and GIS in

oceanographic studies and aquatic environment management planning.

Theory

UNIT I

General consideration, Survey planning, Position fixing; Sampling frequency and duration, Data

storage and transmission;

UNIT II

Sensors for temperature and salinity (Via conductivity); The measurement of depth (via

pressure); CTD units for estuarine and open ocean work; Sensor calibration techniques; Sensors

for measuring flow; Tracking of drogue buoys. Acoustic Doppler current measurements; Optical

measurements; transmittance and subsurface reflectance;

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UNIT III

In situ fluorescence for the determination of pigment concentration; Remote sensing optical

methods; Satellite measurements of temperature (via thermal I.R.), the interpretation of

Microwave (geotropic currents, waves, surface winds).

UNIT IV

Geographical Information System (GIS): Definition, Concepts, Spatial data management. Data

base management system. Data Capture, Digitization, Data integration, Projection and

Registration, Data Structure, Data Modeling. Visual Image Interpretation; Applications of GIS

in aquatic Resource identification; Digital Image Processing (DIP): Different Methods and

Approaches

Practical

Position fixing techniques.Operation of C.T.D. units and their calibrations.Various types of

current meters and measurement of currents. Wave recorders and measurements.Determination

of pigment concentrations.Remote sensors – interpretation of data.Practical on visual

interpretation of data from map, Practical on Digital Image Processing (DIP).Field practical on

the Application of GPS.Mapping of aquatic environment resources through GIS softwares

(ARCVIEW, MAPINFO etc.).

AEM 609 DISPERSAL AND FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN THE OCEAN 1+1

Objective

To impart theoretical and practical knowledge on dispersal and fate of pollutants.

Theory

UNIT I

Common transport processes of pollutants in the ocean.

UNIT II

Influence of winds, tides, Waves and currents on the dispersal of pollutants, mixing due to

waves and Wave induced currents; Principles of design of marine waste disposal system.

UNIT III

Pollutant dispersion in coastal waters and estuaries, dispersion near outfall sites; Methods of

pollutant dispersal dye diffusion studies.

Practical

Techniques of computation of dispersion coefficients; Calculation of Richardson number, tidal

exchange calculation at the estuarine mouth; Numerical analysis of estuarine dispersion; Simple

plume experiments – designs of waste discharge and thermal systems.

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AEM 610 RESTORATION ECOLOGY 1+1

Objective

To acquire theoretical and practical knowledge on ecological restoration.

Theory

UNIT I

Ecological restoration- Need, concept and definition; Approaches; Rationale for restoration;

Differences between conservation and restoration; critical ranges of variability in biodiversity.

UNIT II

Ecological processes and structures, regional and historical contexts, and sustainable cultural

practices; Ecosystem integrity; community ecological principles; Disturbance, Succession,

Fragmentation, Ecosystem auditing; Ecosystem function.

UNIT III

Emerging concepts-Assembly, Stable states; Biotic and abiotic flows and cultural interactions;

Application of theory-Invasion, competitive dominance and resource use; IV Restoration

planning; Wetland assessment, Delineation, and regulation; Recovery process, Mitigation,

Rehabilitation and Reclamation; Dynamics and restoration of degraded wetlands; Removal of

threats to the health and integrity of the restored ecosystem.

UNIT IV

Individuals participation in a restoration programme; different human participatory programme;

Sustainable cultural practices; constraints and opportunities; Economics of recovery process.

Practical

Collection and segregation of native and non native species from a damaged environment;

Making list of historical and cultural interactions; Status of assemblages; calculation of Index of

Biotic Integrity; Listing of the threats to the integrity of the ecosystem; Organizing different

Participatory programme.

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5. Faculty:

a. Academic staff:

Name of the faculty : Dr. S. T. Indulkar

Post Held : Professor

Date of Birth : 13/02/1963

Qualification : M.Sc. (Fish), Ph.D. (Fish)

Area of Specialization

: Freshwater Fisheries

Experience (Years)

: 28 years

Research projects

guided

: PI= 8 Co-PI= 20

Ph. D.

: Nil

M.F.Sc.

: 13

Present area of

research

: Freshwater Fisheries

Contact details :

Land line No.

: +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 220)

Mobile:

: +91 9423292005

Fax:

: +91 2352- 232987

Email:

: [email protected]

Name of the faculty : Dr. G. N. Kulkarni

Post Held : Associate Professor


Qualification :M.F.Sc. (Fish Production

Management), Ph.D. (Aquatic

Biology)


: Environmental impact

Assessment in Fisheries

Experience (Years)

: 30 years

Research projects

guided

: PI= 5 Co-PI= 7

Ph. D.

: Nil

25

M.F.Sc.

: 10

Present area of

research

: Environmental impact

Assessment in Fisheries

Contact details :

Land line No.

: +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221)

Mobile:

: +91 9422966006

Fax:

: +91 2352- 232987

Email:

: [email protected]

Name of the faculty : Dr. Asif Umar Pagarkar

Post Held : Associate Professor


Qualification : M.Sc. (Inland Fisheries

Administration &

Management), Ph.D. IIT,

Kharagpur


: Fisheries Science

Experience (Years)

: 21 Years

Research projects

guided

: PI= 6 Co-PI= 5

Ph. D.

:

M.F.Sc.

: 10

Present area of

research

: Waste utilization,

(Bioconversion waste), Fish

Parasitology, Fish processing,

Value added Fish products,

Fisheries Hydrography

Contact details :

Land line No.

: +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221)

Mobile:

: +91 9403509307

Fax:

: +91 2352- 232987

Email:

:[email protected]

26

Name of the faculty : Dr. A. D. Adsul

Post Held : Assistant Professor


Qualification :M.F.Sc. (Aquaculture), Ph.D.

(Aquaculture)


: Aquatic Environment

Management and Aquatic

Biodiversity

Experience (Years)

: 8 years

Research projects

guided

: PI= 1 Co-PI= 2

Ph. D.

: Nil

M.F.Sc.

: 3

Present area of

research

: Aquatic Environment

Management and Aquatic

Biodiversity

Contact details :

Land line No.

: +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221)

Mobile:

: +91 9423048802

Fax:

: +91 2352- 23987

Email:

: [email protected]

b. Research staff : Nil

6. Instructional Farm: N. A.

a. Location :

b. Infrastructure :Water and soil analysis labs with different types of water samplers.

Different types of water analysis kits, well developed and well equipped Central Instrumentation

Lab which having Spectrophotometers, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers for heavy melts

analysis, HPLC with PC base analysis system, Compound microscope etc.,

c. Activities :The department having B.F.Sc., M.F.Sc. (Aquatic Environment

Management) and Ph.D. (Aquatic Environment Management) level teaching and research

facilities.Department also conducted university and external funded several research projects on

various aspects of environmental impact assessment, marine biodiversity, water quality and

water pollution aspects etc.

27

d. Photographs :

7. Research Activities and achievements (Including projects)

a. Varity /Implements released: N.A.

b. Research Recommendations:

1. It is recommended to applypoultry manure@ 5000kg/ha in the Kharland ponds.

2. Spirulina can be mass cultured within 8 days and dry powder can be prepared. Farmers can

develop small commercial Spirulina unit as a source of income.

c. Research outcome/ Findings:

d. Completed Research Projects/ Programmes/ Schemes:

University Funded Projects:

28

1. Title: Study of fouling serpulids (Polychaeta-Annelida) of Ratnagiri waters.

Principal investigator:Dr. U. D. Gaikwad

Co-investigator:Dr. P. D. Redekar

2. Title: Studies of copper zinc lead and cadmium content of near shore waters of Ratnagiri

coast.

Objectives: To determine the present status of the important heavy metals in the near shore

waters of Ratnagiri coast with special reference to the copper, zinc, cadmium and lead with a

view to asses the extent of industrial pollution and domestic sewage.

Principal investigator: Dr. S. R. Kovale

Co-investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar, Dr. G. N. Kulkarni, Dr. M. M. Shirdhankar and Smt. S. A.

Mohite

3. Title: Studies on seasonal periodicity and growth of marine algae along Ratnagiri coast.

Objectives: 1. To study seasonal occurrence and growth of different marine algae.

2. To monitor environmental parameters.

Principal investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar,

Co-investigator:Shri. R. K. Sadawarte.

4. Title: Culture of economically important seaweeds.

Objectives: To investigate the culture potential of commercially important seaweeds


Co-investigator: Dr. S. R. Kovale, Shri. D. I. Pathan.

5. Title: Study of plankton from coastal waters of Ratnagiri.

Objective: To study the plankton characteristics of Ratnagiri coast.


Co-investigator:Shri. R. K. Sadawarte ,Shri. A. S. Pawase, Shri. S. T. Shanarandhar.

6. Title: Enhancement of Biogenic capacity of Kharland ponds located at Shirgaon, Ratnagiri.

29

Objectives: 1.To enhance the nutrient availability of Kharland ponds in relation to primary and

secondary productivity.

2. To give some guide lines, so that the fertilization strategy can be worked out, for the benefit

of aqua-farmers of the Konkan region.

Principal investigator: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni,

Co-investigator:Dr. H. Singh, Dr. A. V. Deolalikar and Dr. S. R. Kovale

Recommendation:It is recommended to applypoultry manure@ 5000kg/ha in the Kharland

ponds.

7. Title: Mass cultivation of Spirulina.

Objectives: To take mass cultivation of Spirulina algae.


Co-investigator: Dr. S. R. Kovale, Shri. R. K. Sadawarte ,Shri. M. T. Shanarandhar.

Recommendations: Spirulina can be mass cultured within 8 days and dry powder can be

prepared. Farmers can develop small commercial Spirulina unit as a source of income.

8. Title: Study of aquatic fauna of Mangrove areas of Ratnagiri

UR Nos.: FHY 01:

Objectives:

1) To collect aquatic faunal samples at monthly intervals from Kalbadevi and Juve mangrove

areas.

2) To study composition of aquatic fauna from selected mangrove areas.

3) In-situ water parameters such as temperature DO, pH, Salinity from respective areas.

Name of PI/ Co-PI

Principle investigator : Dr. A. D. Adsul

Co- investigators : Dr. P.D. Redekar, Shri. P. H. Sapkale&

Shri. B. M. Yadav

Sponsoring Agency : University Project

Duration : Two years (2006-2008)

Summary of Achievements: Macrofaunal aquatic biodiversity of mangrove areas

as Kalbadevi&Juve were studied for two years. Commercially important aquatic species as

30

Scylla serrata, Metapeneusmonoceros, Meritrixmeritrix,

CrassostreagraphoidesandMugilcephalusare found throughout year in the Kalbadevi and juve

mangrove area of Ratnagiri.

External Funded Project:

9. Title: Effect of pollution on the commercially important fish stocks of Ratnagiri coast

Objectives: To assess the levels of heavy metal in the representative coastal biota of the

Ratnagiri district in relation to their abiotic components i.e. water and sediment.

Principal investigator: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni,

Co-investigator:Dr. A. V. Deolalikar.

Sponsoring Agency : ATMA, Ratnagiri

1. Title: Basaline marine ecological assessment of Jaitapur sea, Ratnagiri

Objectives:

1. To understand characteristics of coastal water ofJaitapur sea in view of the proposed under

power plant.

Name of PI/Co-PI: Dr. S. R. Kovale

: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni

Sponsoring Agency:NEERI, Nagpur

Duration: Four months

Summary of Achievements:

31

2. Title: Assessment of the environmental impact of the proposed thermal power plant of

JSW energy (Ratnagiri) Ltd. at Dhamankhol bay, Jaigarh with special reference to the

coastal ecosystems, fisheries and fishers.

Objectives:

1. Collection of base line data on coastal environment and socio economic make up of the

area in an around the proposed thermal power plant (TPP) site at Jaigarh

2. Assessment of impact during proper erection of the TPP / TPP component

3. Environmental impact assessment (EIA)studies of the different components as

mentioned at Sr. No. 1 at regular intervals post commissioning of the projects

4. If warranted suggest suitable remedial /managerial measures based on the assessment

outcomes for safe guarding marine environment

Name of PI/Co-PI: Dr. S. R. Kovale/ Dr. V. P. Joshi

Co-investigator: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni,Dr. A. S. Mohite, Dr. M. M. Shirdhankar and Dr. A. D.

Adsul

Sponsoring Agency:JSW energy (Ratnagiri) Ltd.

Duration: Five years

3. Title: A value Chain on Fish Production in Fragile Agricultural Land and Unutilized

Aquatic Resources in Maharashtra

Objectives:

1. To enhance the productivity of degraded and under utilized agro-aquatic resources through

regenerative and eco-friendly aquaculture practices.

2. To develop the capacity of target communities in sustainable use of fragile and unutilized/

underutilized aquatic resources and untapped nitches for their socio-economic upliftment.

3. To create and strengthen PCS value chain through diverse aquaculture systems. Market-

driven product development, value addition and entrepreneurship development.

Name of PI/Co-PI: Dr. S. T. Indulkar

Dr. A. U. Pagarkar

Sponsoring Agency:National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP)

Duration:four years

Summary of Achievements:

Out of 27surveyed site , 5 sites were selected for establishment of carp seed rearing

units and carp fry was stocked and fingerlings were produced. By developed techniques

32

reservoir fish production was enhanced from 5kg/ha to 75 kg/ha. Physico-chemical parameters

of water and soil was analyzed. Collection of data related to the social-economic, socio-personal

and village profile. Formation of SHGs at respective selected sites. Developed severalvalue

added fish products. Several farmers meets and training programmes for fresh water culture and

development of value added fish products were conducted. Workshop on “Reservoir Fisheries

Management, Value added fish products developed from fresh water fish are surimi, vacuum

packed fish steaks, fish shev, fish ball in curry, fish cutlet etc. and training programmeswere

organized.

Relevant Photographs:

e. Ongoing Research Projects/Programmes/Schemes:

FHY. New 09

: Study of the biodiversity of intertidal aquatic macro fauna of the

rocky shores of Bhatkarwada& Ware

Principle investigator : Dr. A. D. Adsul

Co- investigators : Shri. H. B. Dhamagaye, Dr. S. T. Indulkar, Dr. G. N. Kulkarni,

Project Period : Two years

Year of Commencement : 2011

8. Repository of abstracts of thesis:

1. Name of the candidate: Mr. ShrikrishnaPandurangHotekar

Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (Aquatic Environment)

(Dept. of Fish. Hydrography)

33

Year of submission: May, 2012

Name of the guide:Dr. G. N. Kulkarni

Associate Professor

Department of Fisheries Hydrography

Thesis title:

Water quality in relation to plankton composition off Bhagwati Bandar, Ratnagiri.

Abstract:

The importance of plankton studies in understanding the productivity of the seas needs

no emphasis. The Ratnagiri coast supports rich pelagic fisheries which depends on plankton.

Along the Ratnagiri coast, there is a limited inflow of sewage and other organic waste which

may possibly affect marine food chain.

The present study therefore was undertaken to study composition of phytoplankton and

zoo plankton in relation to water quality of Bhagwati Bandar, Ratnagiri from May 2009 to April

2010. Three sampling localities viz. B1, B2 and B3werw selected to represent depth of 7 fathom

while B4, B5 and B6 represent depth of 15 fathom along the coastal stretch.

In the present investigation, the meteorological, physical as well as chemical parameter

were observed. Air temperature ranged from 29 to 35.40C with minimum value in November

while the highest in the month of April and May. The rainfall was observed at minimum in the

month of April (0.2mm) while the maximum in July (1320.2mm). the surface water temperature

ranged from 28 to 350C, with the gradual increase from May and April reducing in the period

September-November. Light penetration was observed to ranged from 125 to 550cm.The lowest

value of light penetration was noted in May and highest in March. Surface water salinity ranged

from 32.50 to 36.80. the lowest value of salinity was observed in September and highest in

December. In the month of May, October and March, the dark green color of water was found at

all station, except B4, B5 and B6 in the month of March which also light green. The light green

color of water was also observed in month of December and February.

The pH of surface water ranged from 7.88 to 8.02. The lowest value of pH was noticed

in December and highest in May. The total alkalinity of the surface water fluctuated from 34 to

64 mg/l with minimum in the month of March and maximum in February. The surface water

34

dissolved oxygen fluctuated from 4.8 to 6.4 mg/l. the highest value of dissolved oxygen was

recorded in the month of October while minimum level was noticed in April. The free carbon

dioxide was observed to ranged from 30.2 to 39.6 mg/l. in the month of May and March, it

reached maximum while minimum level was recorded in February and April. The variation of

total suspended solids was observed to range from 0.122 to 1.612 mg/l. The minimum value was

recorded in December and maximum in month of April. The phosphate content of surface water

varied from 0.001 to 0.132 µg/l. The phosphate level was lowest in March while the maximum

was in November. The nitrate values varied from 0.003 to 2.491 mg/l. The lowest value of

nitrite was observed in May and February with peak in October. The nitrite content of the

surface water fluctuated from 0.001 to 0.132mg/l. the concentration of nitrite was lowest in

September, December and the highest in November. The silicate concentration ranged from

0.001 to 0.184 µg/l., the value of silicate concentration was minimum in November while the

peak corresponds to October. The chlorophyll-a content ranged from 4.35 to 5.05 mg/m3. A

positive correlation was observed between chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton in March and

negative correlation was obtain in month of April. The peak abundance of phytoplankton was

observed in either in May (104021.7 cells/m3

) or September (96660 cells/m3

) while the lowest

number was recorded in December (2736.66 cells/m3

). The peak of diatoms was observed

between September and May while minimum in April. The dinoflagellates were observed at

peak in May and minimum in month of November. The peak zooplankton abundance was

observed (860.80 /m3) in the month of May and minimum (1380 /m

3) in December. Among

zooplankton, the copepods population showed a peak in the month of January at station B2, B4

and B5. A minor peak of nauplii was observed in the month of October at station B1, B5 and B6.

The Titnnopsisspp showed a peak in the month of March for all station except B5 and B6. The

fish eggs were few in number in January at station B5. At station B1, a positive significant

(P<0.05) correlation was noticed between zooplankton and light penetration (r=0.8699),

zooplankton and carbon dioxide (r=0.6677), phytoplankton and silicates (r=0.7333). a

significant negative (P>0.05) correlation co-efficient was observed between zooplankton and

35

total alkalinity (r= -0.7006). At station B5, a significant negative correlation was observed

between phytoplankton and light penetration (r=0.6625). at station B6, the positive significant

(P<0.05) correlation co-efficient was observed between phytoplankton and silicate (r=0.7365)

zooplankton and phosphate (r=0.6463) and zooplankton and nitrite (r=6485). A negative

significant correlation was found between the phytoplankton and lightpenetration (r=6854) at the

same location (B6).

There was no significant difference in abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton

between stations while significant differences in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance was

observed among the months (P<0.05).

2. Name of the candidate: Miss. SonaliSubhashBhatade

Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (AEM)


Year of submission:March, 2011

Name of the guide:Dr. A. D. ADSUL

Assistant Professor,

Dept. of Fish. Hydrography

Thesis title:

Seasonal changes in the biodiversity ofMacro flora and fauna of the rocky shore,

Alawa, Ratnagiri

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to examine, seasonal changes in thebiodiversity of exposed

intertidal rocky shore, Alawa, Ratnagiri from April2010 to March 2011. In the present study,

eight transects were marked atdifferent locations on the rocky shore and seven quadrates with

size of 0.25m2area were sampled from each transects for studying the intertidal macro floraand

fauna.During this study total 8 species of macro floral algae (3Chlorophytes, 2 Phaeophytes and

3 Rhodophytes) and 46 macro faunal species(14 gastropods, 6 bivalves, 10 crustaceans, 4 fishes,

4 echinoderms, 3 zoanthus,2 polychaetes and 3 poriferans) were recorded from the intertidal

rocky shore,Alawa. Month wise percentage cover of macro flora and abundance of macrofauna

(no./m2) on the rocky shore was also estimated.

36

During the present study, maximum average percentage cover(9.24%) of macro flora

was recorded during post monsoon season in the monthof January. In fauna, Amphipod and

Neries sp. were dominant throughout theyear. The number of gastropods, crustaceans, fishes,

echinoderms and macrofaunal percentage cover (sponges and Favia sp.) revealed non-

significantdifference (P>0.05) with respect to different months while macro floralpercentage

cover, number of bivalves, polychaetes and zoanthus revealedsignificant difference (P<0.05)

with respect to different months. Correlationcoefficient showed significant positive correlation

among nitrate, phosphateand macro floral percentage cover. Diversity indices including

Shannon’sdiversity index, Simpson index, Evenness index and dominance revealed thatthe

selected study area is moderately diversed and also showed moderatelyhigh evenness.

The present study revealed that the floral percentage cover varied seasonally and

maximum was observed in Post monsoon season.

3. Name of the candidate:: Miss. Zigyasa Shankar Patel





Associate Professor,


Thesis title:

Heavy metal absorption capacity of water hyacinth Eichhorniacrassipes (Mart.) Solms.

Abstract:

Water is the most important resource of a country, and of the entire society as a whole,

since no life is possible without water. Toxic heavy metal pollution of water is a major

environmental problem, and most conventional remediation approaches do not provide

acceptable solutions. This study demonstrates the background levels of Fe, Pb and Al in fish

farm (Zadgaon, Shirgaon, Panvel and Paragon creek) and absorption capacity of water hyacinth

for these heavy metal. Water hyacinth was cultured in tap water, which was supplemented with

37

1, 5, and 10 mg/l of iron, lead and aluminum. They were harvested separately after 0, 15, 30, 45

and 60 days.

Abiotic as well as plant samples viz. roots, laminae and petioles containing heavy metal

were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results indicated the highest

concentration was found in sediment samples (0.98 mg/kg) for iron in Pargaon creek while

minimum (0.0011 mg/kg) for aluminum in Shirgaon fish farm. Maximum accumulation by

water hyacinth was noted in root as compared to petioles and laminae in all the metals. The

accumulation of Fe, Pb and Al in roots, petioles and laminae increased with initial concentration

and also with the exposure period. Plants treated with 10 mg/l of iron, lead and aluminum

accumulated the highest concentration of metal in root (1011.3 mg/g), (479.67 mg/g) and

(111.96 mg/g) respectively on 60th

day. It was concluded that among the metals iron, lead and

aluminum maximum absorption capacity was seen for Fe. The trend of overall accumulation by

the water hyacinth between the treatment, days and plant organs were in the fallowing order:

roots>laminae> petioles for Fe,

roots> petioles>laminae for Pb and Al

T3> T2> T1> T0

60th

> 45th

> 30th

>15th

> 0 days.

4. Name of the candidate: Miss. PreetamBaburayNaik

Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (Aquatic environment)




Associate Professor


Thesis title:

Response of post larvae of Penaeusmonodon (Fabricius, 1798) to varying

temperatures

Abstract:

In order to understand the influence of temperature on survival and growth of post- larvae of

tiger shrimp, Penaeusmonodon,a experiment on static bioassay was undertaken. The 96 h LT50

38

value was found to be 32.2 0C.The oxygen consumption rate of post - larvawas examined in a

glass aquaria at 28 0C, 29.5

0C and 31

0C by separating air- water interface with liquid paraffin.

The lowest oxygen consumption rate (0.31 mg L-1

) was recorded at 280C, while the highest was

at 310C (0.84 mg L

-1).

The highest and lowest weight gain were observed at 29.5 0C (162%) and 31

0C (124%)

respectively with a medium growth at 28 0C (153%). The highest and lowest length gain were

also observed at 29.5 0C (102.40%) and 31

0C (67.27 %) respectively with a medium growth

280C at (93.21%) .

The moulting rate of 18% and 30% was observed at 28 0C and 29.5

0C respectively and it

declined by 10%, as the temperature approached 31 0C. The moulting frequency was observed

once at an interval of 5-6 days at a temperature of 28 and 29.5 0C, while at 31

0C, it lasted for a

longer period i.e. an interval of 6-7 days throughout the experimental period of 30 days. Hence,

decrease in moulting frequency (interval) with increase in temperature was evident.

The feed intake was lowest at 28 0C (control) and increased at a temperature of 29.5

0C

with a peak at 31 0C .

Healthy post-larvae swam straight and against the current along the periphery of the

container when stirred, and aggregated when the speed of the current subsided. They cling to the

sides of the container at a higher temperature of 310C as compared to that of 28

0 C (control) and

29.5 0C.

5. Name of the candidate: Miss. SnehalSiddharthLokhande




Name of the guide:Dr. A. D. ADSUL

Assistant Professor,


Thesis title:

39

Macro-faunal abundance of sandy shoreMirya, Ratnagiri

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to examine the seasonal variations among themacro-

faunal abundance of sandy shore, Mirya, Ratnagiri from April 2011 to March2012. The

intertidal sandy shore macro-faunal samples were collected from seventransects with three

quadrates each of 0.0625 sq.m. area.A total of 34 macro-faunal species comprising 21 bivalves,

seven crustaceans,three gastropods, one echinoderm and two polychaete worms were recorded

from theshore. The atmospheric temperature, water temperature, sediment

temperature,interstitial water salinity and sediment pH were found to be maximum during

thepost-monsoon season while it was minimum during the monsoon season. The

majorcomposition of sediment on the shore was sand while the silt and clay percentage

wasrecorded in less quantity. Throughout the study period the bivalves, Donaxspinosusand

Sunettascriptaand the gastropod Olivia oliviawere dominant. The crustaceans ofthe genus

Ocypodawas the most abundant while hermit crab, Diogenes miles wasrecorded in all months

except May and June. The mole crab, Emerita holthuisiandmoon crab, Matutalunariswere

recorded only during the post monsoon season. Thepolychaete worms, Glyceraalba and Nereis

sp. were found only in November andDecember. Environmental parameters such as atmospheric

temperature, watertemperature and sand temperature showed positive significant correlation

while theinterstitial dissolved oxygen showed negative correlation with the occurrence

ofbivalves. The content of silt revealed negative significant correlation with bivalves.The

diversity indices revealed that the selected study area is moderately diversed andshowed

moderately high evenness throughout the year. The present study showedseasonal variation in

the macro-faunal abundance with maximum number during thepost-monsoon and minimum

during the monsoon.

6. Name of the candidate: Miss. PriyankaShekuraoNaik



40


Name of the guide:Dr. S. T. Indulkar

Professor and Head,


Thesis title:

Suitability of impounded water of laterite stone quarries for fish culture

Abstract

The main objective of the present study is to analyze environmental andhydrobiological

parameters of selected laterite stone quarries to see their suitability forfish culture. Accordingly,

three stone quarries were selected from nearby area of Adhishtimandir at Shirgaon, Ratnagiri.

The parameters such as rainfall, air and watertemperatures, water depth, transparency, pH, total

alkalinity, total hardness, dissolvedoxygen, electrical conductivity, iron, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite,

phosphate and biologicalparameters, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton of three laterite

stone quarries wereanalyzed weekly and observations on acid sulphate of soil were done twice

during June2011 to January 2012 of the impounded water in the selected stone quarries.

Observationson fish growth stocked in one of the quarry were also made during the said period.

The data on rainfall was obtained from the Agricultural Research Station,Shirgaon, Ratnagiri.

The total rainfall recorded was 4047.34 mm with an average of27.34 + 6.9 mm. Air temperature

was observed at the site - I, -II and -III varied in therange of 23 to 32.0 0C with an average of

27.25 + 0.4 0C. Water temperature at the site - I,-II and -III varied in the range of 24 to 33 0C

with an average of 28.56 + 0.40C. Waterdepth recorded at the site – I, -II and -III was in the

range of 0.15 to 7.2 m, 1.0 to 2.4 m,1.2 to 1.6 m. Transparency was observed at the site - I, -II

and -III in range of 10 to 71cm, 10 to 15 cm and 10 to 30 cm.From the site - I, -II and -III; pH, 6

to 9, 6.32 to 6.99 and 7.19 to 7.98; total alkalinity,40.56 to 55.92 mgl-1, 65.08 to 75.01 mgl-1

and 42.04 to 62.94 mgl-1; total hardness, 18.34to 35.92 mgl-1, 34.21 to 45.9 mgl-1 and 20.64 to

31.93 mgl-1; dissolved oxygen, 1.09 to8.0 mgl-1, 2 to 6.99 mgl-1and 2.36 to 8 mgl-1; electrical

conductivity, 53.53 to 75.66μmhocm-1, 90.59 to 99.32 μmhocm-1 and 79.45 to 105.22; iron,

0.73 to 1.93 mgl-1, 0.19to 0.21 mgl-1 and 0.001 to 0.008 mgl-1; sulphate, 1.03 to 3.82 mgl-1,

41

2.30 to 4.06 mgl-1and 6.02 to 8.43 mgl-1; nitrate, 0.25 to 4.64 mgl-1, 0.64 to 0.89 mgl-1 and

0.91 to 1.92 mgl-1; nitrite, 0.15 to 0.89 mgl-1, 0.01 to 0.04 mgl-1 and 0.01 to 0.06 mgl-1 ;

phosphate, 0.35 to0.48 mgl-1, 0.46 to 0.87 mgl-1 and 0.84 to 1.89 mgl-1 respectively. The total

alkalinity wasobserved in the three quarries varied between 40 to 75 mgl-1 and the total

hardness beingbelow 50 mgl-1 indicating water to be soft in nature.Two observations on acid

sulphate of soil were made from three quarries. Initialobservations on from site - I, -II and -III

was 0.015 %, 0.022 % and 0.012 % respectively,where as the final observations was 0.028%,

0.034% and 0.018 % respectively. Theseobservations on acid sulphate indicated that the water is

suitable for fish culture.From the site - I, -II and -III phytoplankton density varied in the range of

1763100 to10770900 cellsm-3, 142700 to 202400 cellsm-3 and 82200 to 171300 cellsm-3

respectively.The zooplankton density observed at the site - I, -II and -III was in the range of

12200 to93600 cellm-3, 28400 to 58300 cellm-3 and 20000 to 63200 cellm-3 respectively.In the

site - I, the results of the pilot scale trial of rearing Indian major carps showed that catlagrown

upto a size of 778.36 + 28.00 gm (38.79 + 0.45 cm), rohu 258.60 + 30.68gm (29.50 + 1.60 cm)

and mrigal 249.10 + 28.92 gm (30.7 + 1.53 cm) indicating a bettergrowth of catla as compared

to other two species of Indian major carps.From the foregoing account it is concluded that the

water trapped in the laterite stonequarries for a period of four to six months can be utilized for

fish culture.

9. Extension Activities:

a. The training programmes organized

1. Title: Reservoir fisheries management

Sponsorer:National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP)

Date & Duration: Two days

Participants: Fish farmers

Special feature of the Training programme:

Practical demonstration of Rearing fingerlings in reservoir to proper utilization of unused water

resources to increase fish production.

42

2. Title: Development of value added fish products

Sponsorer: National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP)

Date & Duration: One day

Participants: fisherman women, SHGs


Practical demonstration of preparation of value added products from fresh water fish

3. Title: Development of value added fish products

Sponsorer: National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP)

Date & Duration: One day

Participants: fisherman women, SHGs


Practical demonstration of preparation of value added products from fresh water fish.

b. Seminar/ Symposia/Conference/ Workshop organized:

c. Farmer Melawa Organized:

Title: Palvi exhibition

Sponsorer: Dr. B. S. KonkanKrishiVidyapeeth, Dapoli

43

Giving New technology information regarding fish conservation to farmers & fishermen during

Palvi exhibition

Date & Duration: four days

d. Radio/TV Talks delivered by the staff members of the Department:

Sr.

No.

Name of the staff members Radio Talks TV Talks

1. Dr. S. T. Indulakar 27 5

2. Dr. G. N.Kulkarni 45 2

3. Dr. A. U. Pagarkar 15 4

4. Dr. A. D. Adsul 3 -

e. Farmer-Scientist Forum:

Discussion on ornamental fish culture and water quality management in farmer-Scientist Forum

at Oni , Tal. Rajapur.

f. Other Extension Activities:

44

Mangrove plantation & conservation awareness programme organized by Deptof Fish.

Hydrography, college of Fisheries, Ratnagiri in collaboration with Cameron International Mumbai

at Shirgaon on 6th

June 2012

International Beach cleaning activity organized by Deptof Fish. Hydrography, college of Fisheries,

Ratnagiri at Ganpatipule beach in September 2012

g. Publications:

Publications Dr. S. T.

Indulakar

Dr. G.

N.Kulkarni

Dr. A. U.

Pagarkar

Dr. A. D.

Adsul

Books - 1 -

Booklet/bulletin 01 -

Folders 06 - 9 -

Souvenir/Proceedings

organized

10 5 10

Training / course

Manuals

02 2 6 3

Journal Res. papers 60 12 29 2

Papers full length in

seminars etc.

40 11 10 -

10. Details of other activities (For e.g. seed production,production of other commodities

etc.,)

45

11. Contact information:

Name of the Head : Dr. S. T. Indulkar

Name of the dept., : Fisheries Hydrography,

Postal Address : Fisheries Hydrography,

College of Fisheries, Shirgaon,

Ratnagiri-415629

(Maharashtra)

Land line No.

: +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221)

Mobile:

: +91 9423292005

Fax:

: +91 2352- 232987

12. News and Events:

1. World Envirinment Day : On 5th

June, 2013, a quizcompetition was conducted on

“Aquatic Environments and its Managements” for Post Graduate (M.F.Sc. and Ph.D.)

students to generate awareness about aquatic Environment.

46

2. World Ocean Day 8th

June 2013 was organized by Dept. of Fisheries Hydrography

to create awareness towards the ocean

Documents

1. Name of the Department: Fisheries Hydrography · 3 chemical characteristics of water. Study of plankton periphyton, benthos, aquatic insects and macrovegetation Estimation of primary