Course on Hydrography

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16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 20

International Co-operation within

Hydrography

Finnish Maritime AdministrationJuha Korhonen

16 November 200416 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 21

Contents:• Background for Hydrography

• International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) and its activities

• Re-organisation of the IHO

• Other International Organisations

• Co-operation within Neighbouring Countries


Background for Hydrography

• Definition of Hydrography

• Importance of Hydrography

• International Resolutions on Hydrography


Definition of Hydrography

Hydrography is that branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the features of the seas andcoastal areas for the primary purpose of navigation and all other marine purposesand activities, including –inter alia - offshore activities, research, protection of the environment, and prediction services.


The Importance of HydrographyIn the past few decades, the following important factors have emphasized the need for adequate hydrographic survey coverage and the production of nautical charts and publications:

• the advent of exceptionally deep draught VLCC ships• the need to protect the marine environment• changing maritime trade patterns• the growing importance of seabed resources• and the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention affecting areas of national

jurisdiction.

Many charts which were adequate a decade ago, may have to be recompiled using new survey data, collected to a higher degree of accuracy and providing improved coverage

This deficiency may not be limited to sparsely surveyed waters of developing nations, but may also apply to the coastal waters of major industrial states. The advent of accurate satellite navigation, has made poorly positioned historical data an even greater problem for navigators.

Fortunately, new survey technologies have advanced the precise and coverage to which modern hydrographic surveys can be conducted.


INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO “RELEVANT ELEMENTS”

UNCLOS, 1985U.N. RESOLUTION, 1998SOLAS CONVENTION CHAPTER V, 2002UNICPOLOS AND U.N. RESOLUTION, 2003

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UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA 1985

Production of CHARTS to be used when:

- Establishing baselines

- Measuring extent of Territorial Sea, C. Zone and EEZ

- Defining extent of Continental Shelf

- Identifying tracks and traffic separation schemes

- Identifying sea lanes and innocent passage routes

- Deploying submarine cables and ducts

- Conducting drilling in the sea floor


UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTION A/53/32 - 1998

“ Invites States to cooperate in carrying out hydrographic surveys and in providing nautical services for the purpose of ensuring safe navigation as well as to ensure the greatest uniformity in charts and nautical publications and to coordinate their activitiesso that hydrographic and nautical information is made available on a worldwide scale.”


IMO SOLAS Convention Chapter V: Regulation 9 Hydrographic Services

1. Contracting Governments undertake to arrange for the collection and compilation of hydrographic data and the publication, dissemination and keeping up to date all nautical information necessary for safe navigation.

2. In particular, Contracting Governments undertake to co-operate in carrying out, as far as possible, the following nautical and hydrographic services, in the manner most suitable for the purpose of aiding navigation:

.1 to ensure that hydrographic surveying is carried out, as far as possible, adequate to the requirements of safe navigation;

. 2 to prepare and issue nautical charts, sailing directions, lists of lights, tide tables and other nautical publications, where applicable, satisfying the needs of safe navigation;

.3 to promulgate notices to mariners in order to keep nautical charts and publications, as faras possible, up to date.

.4 to provide data management arrangements to support these services.

3. Contracting Governments undertake to ensure the greatest possible uniformity in charts and nautical publications and to take into account, whenever possible, relevant international resolutions and recommendations.*

Contracting Governments undertake to co-ordinate their activities to the greatest possible degree in order to ensure that hydrographic and nautical information is made available on a world-wide scale as timely, reliably, and unambiguously as possible.

* Refer to the resolutions and recommendations of the International Hydrographic Organization.16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 29

SOLAS V, REGULATION 9SOLAS V, REGULATION 9 (2002)(2002)«« Hydrographic ServicesHydrographic Services »»

Contracting Governments undertake to Contracting Governments undertake to arrange for the arrange for the collection and compilation collection and compilation of hydrographic dataof hydrographic data and the and the publication, publication, dissemination and keeping up to date of dissemination and keeping up to date of all nautical informationall nautical information necessary for safenecessary for safenavigation.navigation.


SOLAS V, REGULATION 9 (2002)« Hydrographic Services »

In particular,In particular,

Contracting Contracting GovernmentsGovernments undertake to undertake to coco--operate operate in carrying out, as far as in carrying out, as far as possible, the following nautical and possible, the following nautical and hydrographic services, in the manner hydrographic services, in the manner most suitable for the purpose of aiding most suitable for the purpose of aiding navigation:navigation:



2.12.1TTo ensure that o ensure that hydrographic hydrographic surveyingsurveying is carried out, as is carried out, as ffarar as possible, adequate to as possible, adequate to the requirements of safe the requirements of safe navigation;navigation;

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2.22.2To prepare and issue To prepare and issue official nautical chartsofficial nautical charts, , sailing directions, lists sailing directions, lists of lights, tide tables and of lights, tide tables and other official other official nautical nautical publicationspublications, where , where applicable, satisfying applicable, satisfying the needs of safe the needs of safe navigation;navigation;



2.3 to promulgate 2.3 to promulgate notices to notices to marinersmariners in order to keep in order to keep official nautical charts and official nautical charts and publications, as far as publications, as far as possible, up to date;possible, up to date;

2.4 to provide 2.4 to provide data Managementdata ManagementAArrangementsrrangements to support to support these services.these services.



3. 3. Contracting Governments Contracting Governments undertake to ensure the undertake to ensure the greatest possible uniformitygreatest possible uniformityin charts and nautical in charts and nautical publications and to take into publications and to take into account, whenever possible,account, whenever possible,the relevant the relevant InternationalInternationalrresolutionsesolutions and and recommendationsrecommendations..(*)(*)

(*)(*)Refer to the resolutions and Refer to the resolutions and recommendations of the International recommendations of the International Hydrographic Organization.Hydrographic Organization.””



4. Contracting Governments 4. Contracting Governments undertake to undertake to coco--ordinateordinatetheir activities to the greatest their activities to the greatest possible degree in order to possible degree in order to ensure that hydrographic ensure that hydrographic and nautical information is and nautical information is made available on a made available on a worldwideworldwide scale as scale as timelytimely, , reliablyreliably and and unambiguouslyunambiguouslyas possible.as possible.


THE UN APPROVED RESOLUTION A/RES/58/240 – 2003 BASED ON UNICPOLOS RECOMMENDATION

o welcome the work of the IHO and its regional commissions, encourage States to become IHO members, support the IHO trust fund and examine the possibility of partnership with the private sector;

o invite IHO and IMO to continue their coordinated efforts and adopt joint measures with respect to enhancing transitioning to ENCs, and to increase coverage of hydrographic information; and

o encourage intensified efforts to build capacity fordeveloping countries to improve hydrographic services and production of nautical charts.


Kansainvälinen merikartoitusorganisaatio

International Hydrographic Organisation

IHO

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Formation of the International Hydrographic Bureau

International cooperation in the field of hydrography began with a Conference held in Washington in 1899 followed by two others in Saint Petersburg in 1908 and 1912. In 1919, twenty-four nations met in London for a Hydrographic Conference during which it was decided that apermanent body should be created. The resulting International Hydrographic Bureau began its activity in 1921 with nineteen Member States.

At the invitation of H.S.H. Prince Albert I of Monaco, a noted marine scientist, the Bureau was provided with headquarters in the Principality of Monaco.

In 1957 Finland joined to the IHO.


The IHB Changes its Status to an International Organization

In 1970, an intergovernmental Convention entered into force which changed the Organization's name and legal status, creating the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), with its headquarters (the IHB) permanently established in Monaco.

The Organization currently has a membership of seventy five maritime States, with several others in the process of becoming Members.


International Hydrographic Organization

Directing Committee, together with a small international staff of technical experts in hydrography and nautical cartography, coordinates the technical programmes and provides advice and assistance to Member States.

All Member States have an equal voice in arriving at agreed solutions to problems of standardization and in programming the work of the Bureau, whilst any Member may initiate new proposalsfor IHO consideration and adoption.

Between Conferences such matters are normally accomplished by correspondence.



INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC CONFERENCE 2002



The International Hydrographic Organization is an intergovernmental consultative and technical organization that was established in 1921 to support the safety in navigation and the protection of the marine environment.

The objects of the Organization is to bring about:

• The coordination of the activities of national hydrographic offices

• The greatest possible uniformity in nautical charts and documents

• The adoption of reliable and efficient methods of carrying out and exploiting hydrographic surveys

• The development of the sciences in the field of hydrography and the techniques employed in descriptive oceanography

• The official representative of each Member Government within the IHO is normally the national Hydrographer, or Director of Hydrography.

Hydrographers, together with their technical staff, meet at 5-yearly intervals in Monaco for an International Hydrographic Conference. The Conference reviews the progress achieved by the Organization and adopts the programmes to be pursued during the ensuing 5-year period.

A Directing Committee of three senior Hydrographers is elected to administer the work of the Bureau during that time.

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International Hydrographic OrganizationNow 75 Member States.

The MS fee and the number of votes defined by the tonnage of MS fleet.

Total budget 2.300.000 €/yearFinland’s share 31.000 €/year

All MS have equal right to participate in the Conference, Committees and Working Groups.

Official languages: English, French.Unofficial languages: Spain (Russia)

IHO Member States provide an essential service in supporting Maritime Safety, and are also important providers of data for Marine Scientific Re-search.


The Member States of the IHO

ALGERIAARGENTINAAUSTRALIABAHRAINBANGLADESHBELGIUMBRAZILCANADACHILECHINACOLOMBIACONGOCROATIACUBACYPRUSDENMARKDOMINICAN REPECUADOREGYPTESTONIA

FIJIFINLANDFRANCEGERMANYGREECEGUATEMALAICELANDINDIAINDONESIAIRANITALYJAMAICAJAPANKOREA-DPRKOREA-RepKUWAITMALAYSIAMEXICOMONACOMOROCCOMOZAMBIQUEMYANMAR

NETHERLANDSNEW ZEALANDNIGERIA

NORWAY

OMANPAKISTANPAPUA NEW GUINEAPERUPHILIPPINESPOLANDPORTUGALRUSSIASERBIA/MONTENEGRO

SINGAPORESLOVENIASOUTH AFRICASPAINSRI LANKASURINAMSWEDENSYRIA

THAILANDTONGATRINIDAD AND TOBAGOTUNISIATURKEY

UKRAINEUNITED ARAB EMIRATESUNITED KINGDOMURUGUAYUSA (NOAA, CNMOC, NIMA) VENEZUELA


The Member States of the IHO in 200475 Member States


IHO organisation

Regional Hydrographic Commissions

Nordic Hydrographic Commission (NHC)North Sea Hydrographic Commission (NSHC)East Asia Hydrographic Commission (EAHC)US/Canada Hydrographic Commission (USCHC)Mediterranean and Black Seas Hydrographic Commission (MBSHC)Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission (BSHC)Eastern Atlantic Hydrographic Commission (EAtHC)

South- East Pacific Hydrographic Commission (SEPHC)South- West Pacific Hydrographic Commission (SWPHC)MESO American & Caribbean Sea Hydrographic Committee (MACHC) Southern Africa and Islands Hydrographic Commission (SAIHC)North Indian Ocean Hydrographic Commission (NIOHC)ROPME Sea Area Hydrographic Commission (RSAHC)IHO Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica


IHO organisation

Nordic Hydrographic Commission

Chairman: Mr. Hafsteinn Hafsteinsson (Iceland)Members: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, SwedenNext Meeting: 7-9 February 2005 – Reykjavik, Iceland.


IHO organisation

Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission

Chairman: Admiral A. KOMARITSYN ( Russia)Vice-Chairman: Mr Janis Krastins ( Latvia )Members: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden.

Associate members: Latvia, Lithuania.Next Meeting: 2005, Riga, Latvia

Working Groups: BSICC, HELCOM MWG,

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International Hydrographic Bureau• Situated in Monaco• Is the secretariat of the Organisation• Administered by a Directing Committee:

• made up of three senior hydrographers• supported by technical and administrative personnel.

The IH Bureau carries out the tasks assigned to it by the Convention or the Conference.

It is the responsibility of the Bureau in particular: • To bring about a close and permanent association between national

hydrographic offices; • To study any matters relating to hydrography and the allied sciences and

techniques and to collect the necessary papers; • To further the exchange of nautical charts and documents between

hydrographic offices of member Governments; • To circulate the appropriate documents; • To give guidance and advice upon request, in particular to countries

engaged in setting up or expanding their hydrographic service; • To encourage coordination of hydrographic surveys with relevant

oceanographic activities; • To cooperate with international organizations and scientific institutions

which have related objectives. 16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 51


Director 2Captain Hugo GORZIGLIA

Chile

PresidentVice Admiral Alexandros MARATOS

Greece

Director 1Rear Admiral Kenneth BARBOR

USA



PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANTS

Technical Assistance, Training, Capt. F. BERMEJO BARO, SpainPublications

Cartography Ing. en chef M. HUET, France

Data Management and IT Mr. A. PHARAOH, South Africa

Hydrography Steve SHIPMAN, UK

Administration and Logistics Mr. C. VELARD, France


Activities of the IHO• Standardisation• International (INT) Charts• Technical Cooperation • Capacity Building• Education and Training• Hydrographic Surveys• Charts and Nautical Documents• Digital Data Bases and Displays (ECDIS)• Cooperation with International Organisations• Bathymetry and Ocean Mapping


IHO Committees and Working GroupsAB FIG-IHO-ICA International Advisory Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors ABLOS Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea.CBC Capacity Building Committee (CBC) CHRIS Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems

• C&SMWG Colours and Symbols Maintenance Working Group• CSPCWG Chart Standardization and Paper Chart Working Group• DQWG Data Quality Working Group • SNPWG Standardization of Nautical Publications Working Group• DPSWG Data Protection Scheme Working Group•TSMAD Transfer Standard Maintenance and Application Development Working Group

CPRNW Commission on Promulgation of Radio Navigational WarningsFC Finance CommitteeGEBCO General Bathymetric Chart of Oceans (Guiding Committee).IHO-IOC by the IHO Data Center for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB)

• SCDB GEBCO Sub-Committee on Digital Bathymetry• SCUFN GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names

HGE Harmonization Group on ECDISHGMIO IHO-IEC Harmonizing Group on Marine Information ObjectsLAC IHO Legal Advisory CommitteeMoHWG IHO Manual on Hydrography Working GroupS-32 IHO Committee on the Hydrographic DictionaryS-44 IHO Standards for Hydrographic SurveysSPWG Strategic Planning Working GroupTC Tidal CommitteeWEND World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Database


World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Database (WEND)

The WEND committee provides a forum for the coordination of the activities of IHO Member States and for the harmonization of the policies of regional ENC Coordinating Centres (RENC), with respect to matters related to administration, legality, finances, technical processes, etc.

The chief objective of the WEND committee is to promote the establishment of a World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Database (WEND) suitable for the needs of international shipping.

In the interests of safety at sea and in response to the increasing demand for ENC, IHO Member States are encouraged to work together in establishing and maintaining a WEND, and to share in common experiences in order to reduce expenditure, and ensure the greatest possible standardization and reliability.

WEND Task Group:

The main outcome of the 7th WEND meeting was the setting-up of a WEND Task Group aimed at speeding up the achievement of a worldwide ENC coverage and updating, uniform data quality, and user-friendly and integrated ENC services.

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Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems (CHRIS)To promote and coordinate the development of official digital products and services

to meet the requirements of mariners.

Objectives:a) To monitor the requirements of mariners associated with development and use of

electronic information systems that may require data provided by national hydrographic offices, and identify the matters that may affect the activities and products of these offices.

b) To study and propose methods and minimum standards for the development and provision of official digital hydrographic data, nautical products and other related services.

c) To prepare and maintain publications to describe and promote the Committee's recommended methods and standards adopted by the IHO, and advise national hydrographic offices about implementation procedures as required by those offices.

d) To consider alternative procedures for the timely production of standards, for example using external expertise when necessary.

e) To establish and maintain contact with other relevant IHO bodies, such as the Committee on WEND, the Legal Advisory Committee, the IHO WG on Copyright, etc...

f) To liaise with other relevant international organizations.16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 57

CHRIS Working Groups:

CHRIS activities are conducted through specialized working groups relating to standardisation of:

• Hydrographic data transfer (TSMAD)• ECDIS colours and symbols (C&SMWG)• Nautical publications (SNPWG)• Paper charts (CSPCWG)• ENC data protection (DPSWG)• Data quality (DQWG) [currently dormant]• Standard for hydrographic surveys (S-44WG)• Marine information objects (HGMIO) [in liaison with the IEC]


FIG/IHO/ICA INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD ON STANDARDS OF COMPETENCE FOR HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYORS AND NAUTICAL CARTOGRAPHERS

COURSES:

The Advisory Board has awarded recognition to more than 40 courses implemented worldwide. These courses must update their content in accordance with the Standards of Competence continuously updated by the Advisory Board.

RELEVANT DOCUMENTS:

IHO M-59 "Standards of Competence for Hydrographic SurveyorsIHO M-8 "Standards of Competence for Nautical CartographersIHO S-47 "Courses in Hydrography and Nautical Cartography"IHO M-6 "Reference texts for training in Hydrography"


1. The FIG/IHO/ICA International Advisory Board shall:a) Review at appropriate intervals (not exceeding two years) the recommended

minimum standards of competence for hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers, taking into account comments and recommendations received from National Focal Points (NPF) and other authorities.

b) Maintain and promulgate all publications and documents resulting from the tasks carried out by the Board.

c) Review the syllabi of programmes submitted by Hydrographic Offices, institutions and learned bodies taking into account comments andrecommendations received from National Focal Points and other authorities.

d) Provide advice and comments on such syllabi by comparison with the recommended minimum standards and award certificates of programme recognition to those institutions whose programmes meet the recommended standards.

e) Review the procedures of submission.

f) Communicate with IHO through the IHB, with FIG through the Chair of Commission IV, and with ICA through the Commission on Marine Cartography.


IHO COMMITTEE ON THE HYDROGRAPHICDICTIONARY (S-32)

Objectives:

• Review and update the different volumes (English, French, and Spanish) of the Hydrographic Dictionary on a continuous basis.

• Liaise with other IHO bodies developing publications containing glossaries to ensure consistency.

• Liaise with bodies of other organizations developing dictionaries and/or glossaries.


ACTIVITIES OF THE IHO

STANDARDIZATION

For over 75 years the IHO has consistently worked towards achieving maximum standardization of nautical products, services and survey practices.

IHO publication M-4, is an example of an IHO standard that has resulted in the adoption of consistent colours, symbols, nomenclature and general presentation for charts produced by IHO Member Organization.

This has made it possible for mariners to use charts compiled by any member organisation, with confidence.

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IHO Standards and Recommendations:

M-4 Regulations for INT Charts and Chart SpecificationsM-5 Standards of Competence for Hydrographic SurveyorsM-8 Standards of Competence for Nautical CartographersM-11 Catalogue of INT Charts - Guidance for Regional Coordinators

of INT Chart SchemeM-12 List of Lights S-44S-44 IHO Standards for Hydrographic SurveysS-52 Specifications for Chart content and display aspects of ECDISS-53 World Wide Navigational Warning Service Guidance

DocumentS-57 IHO Transfer standard for Digital Hydrographic DataS-58 Recommended ENC Validation ChecksS-61 Product Specification for RNCS-62 User Agency Codes for S-57S-63 IHO Data Protection Scheme



THE INTERNATIONAL (INT) CHARTThe idea of a common, worldwide chart series (INT Charts) produced to a single set of agreed specifications was adopted in 1971.

Under this arrangement, member nations wishing to print their own versions of another members INT charts, may do so by obtaining (by mutual agreement), copies of the necessary reproducible material and printing their own copies.

The programme for small scale (1/10 000 000 and 1/3 500 000) INT charts, has been completed.

Many of the charts at medium and larger scales have also been published.

This has made it possible for mariners to use charts compiled by any member organisation, with confidence.


ACTIVITIES OF THE IHOTECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING

The IHO, as a recognized authority on hydrography and nautical charting, acts as a coordinating body for the promotion of projects aimed at establishing or strengthening the hydrographic capabilities of developing countries.

In support of such activity, the IHO promotes cooperation between maritime states and facilitates exchange of technology to developing states.

The Organization encourages the formation of bilateral, multilateral and multinational agreements between nations and international organizations for technical cooperation in hydrographic projects, including the provision of vessels, equipment, joint hydrographic surveys, training and supervisory experts.



EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Education is essential in creating and maintaining a modern hydrographic service. Over 20 IHO Member States offer more than 30 technical training programs in hydrography that conform to guidelines established by the IHO. In some instances these programs are offered free of charge.

The IHO sponsors hydrographic and cartographic training at the International Maritime Academy (IMA) with the tuition funded by the European Union and the Italian Government.

In cooperation with the FIG and ICA, a comprehensive set of Standards of Competence for hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers has been drawn up, together with appropriate syllabi for the guidance of universities and teaching establishments throughout the world.

An international Advisory Board supervises the application of these standards with a view to achieving internationally recognized qualifications in the hydrographic profession. The Advisory Board reviews the training syllabi of world wide educational institutions, and awards international certificates of recognition to those courses which have achieved the required minimum standards of competence.



HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS

Collectively, IHO Member States have a fleet of about 400 hydrographic survey vessels, numerous hydrographic launches, support helicopters, and aircraft equipped with laser survey equipment.

Surveys include land topography, bathymetry (soundings), and oceanographic measurements (e.g. tides, currents, waves).

Soundings (depth measurements) are mainly acquired using single and multi beam (sonar) ship mounted echo sounding equipment, however, in shallow coastal waters, aircraft mounted laser equipment, is also being used for the rapid collection of bathymetry data.

Most survey data is collected in digital form which facilitates the creation of data bases that are used for the generation of navigational products such as chart, bathymetric maps and customized GIS information.



DIGITAL DATA BASES AND DISPLAYS (ECDIS)

The advent of digital data, computers and display systems is having a considerable impact on hydrographic and navigation technology.

New developments such as ECDIS, have changed the focus of activities of many hydrographic organizations and certain sectors of the maritime industry.

Several IHO working groups have been established to co-ordinate these new developments and to provide the necessary specifications to ensure the standardization of these products and services.

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Worldwide ENC Coverage 2004

http://www.iho.shom.fr/ [>ENC >Coverage]16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 69


CHARTS AND NAUTICAL DOCUMENTS

One copy of every new INT Chart and publication produced by a Member State is examined and then archived at the International Hydrographic Bureau.

Under the IHO Convention, free exchange of single copies of charts and nautical publications among Member States is fostered.



PUBLICATIONS

IHO produces numerous publications which are available from the IHO Web-site, or can be provided on CD-ROM. Printed copies of some periodical publications are also available.

Most IHO publications are produced in English and French, however some of the more significant publications are also issued in Spanish. Further information concerning all IHO publications is available in the Publications Catalogue which is available in English, French and Spanish.

Periodical Publications

P-4 Catalogue of PublicationsP-5 IHO YearbookP-6 Reports of Proceedings of

the IH ConferencesP-7 IHO Annual Report

Bathymetric PublicationsMiscellaneousPublicationsSpecial Publications

B-1 GEBCO SheetsB-2 Catalogue of IHO Bathymetric Plotting SheetsB-4 Information Concerning Recent Bathymetric dataB-6 Standardisation of Undersea Feature NamesB-7 GEBCO GuidelinesB-8 Gazetteer GEBCO Digital Atlas



PUBLICATIONSMiscellaneous Publications

M- 1 Basic Documents of the IHOM- 2 National Maritime Policies and Hydrographic

ServicesM- 3 Resolutions of the IHOM- 4 Regulations for INT Charts and Chart

SpecificationsM- 5 Standards of Competence for Hydrographic

SurveysM- 6 Journals for Training in HydrographyM- 8 Standards of Competence for Nautical

CartographersM- 11 Catalogue of INT Charts - Guidance for

Regional Coordinators of INT Chart SchemesM- 12 List of Lights

Special Publications

S- 23 Limits of Oceans and SeasS- 32 Hydrographic DictionaryS- 44 IHO Standards for Hydrographic SurveysS- 47 Training Courses in Hydrography and Nautical

Cartography.S- 51 Technical Aspects of the UN Convention on the

Law Of the Sea.S- 52 Specifications for Chart content and display

aspects of ECDIS.S- 53 World Wide Navigational Warning Service

Guidance Document.S- 55 Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical

Charting Worldwide.S- 57 IHO Transfer standard for Digital Hydrographic

Data.S- 58 Recommended ENC Validation Checks.S- 59 Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical

Charting in AntarcticaS- 60 Handbook on Datum TransformationsS- 61 Product Specification for RNCS- 62 User Agency Codes for S- 57S- 63 IHO Data Protection Scheme



BATHYMETRY AND OCEAN MAPPING

The IHO contributes towards development of scientific knowledge of the ocean environment by coordinating the systematic collection and recording of ocean bathymetry on a World Series of Bathymetric Plotting Sheets.

This global coverage of deep ocean data, is available to hydrographers, oceanographers, geoscientists and educational institutions.

Much of the data contained on these plotting sheets have been digitised and are available from the IHO Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB) which is located at the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

The bathymetric data are also used for the preparation of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), which comprises 18 separate map sheets, covering all oceanic area.

The GEBCO Series is produced jointly by the IHO and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The 5th Edition of the GEBCO was completed in 1982, and its digital equivalent, the GEBCO Digital Atlas (GDA) is available on CD-ROM.




International Bathymetric Charts:

Mediterranean and Black Seas (IBCM) Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (IBCCA) Central Eastern Atlantic Ocean (IBCEA) Western Indian Ocean (IBCWIO) Western Pacific Ocean (IBCWP) Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) South Eastern Pacific (IBCSEP)

The IHO participates in several IOC sponsored regional International Bathymetric Chart projects:

A primary aim of these regional ocean mapping programmes, is the development of a regional series of bathymetric maps at scale 1:1 million, followed by geological/geophysical series.

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The bathymetric data are also used for the preparation of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), which comprises 18 separate map sheets, covering all oceanic area. The GEBCO Series is produced jointly by the IHO and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The 5th Edition of the GEBCO was completed in 1982, and its digital equivalent, the GEBCO Digital Atlas (GDA) is available on CD-ROM.



COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

International Maritime Organization (IMO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC); International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA);Federation Internationale des Géomètres (FIG); International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH); International Maritime Academy (Trieste); International Cartographic Association (ICA),International Organization for Standardization (ISO); Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH);


Interaction with Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO)

• NGOs may be as observers in Committees and WGs• Many private companies have contributed significantly

to developments of standards

• Industry/stakeholders meeting (“Industry Days”) • Held normally once a year.

• Presented by the most active organisations and private companies


Participation of the Finnish Hydrographic Office to the Work of the IHO

1. National Hydrographer• Nominated by the Foreign Ministry• Presents the Finnish Government• Mr. Jukka Varonen

2. Regional Commissions• Nordic Hydrographic Commission• Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission

3. Committees and Working Groups


Re-organisation of the IHO

IHO StrategySWOT AnalysisProposed Changes to the IHO


IHO STRATEGIC PLAN approved by Member States in March 2000

TRANSITION TO DIGITAL ERAGLOBAL COVERAGEREPLY TO EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTADEQUATE FUNDINGCAPACITY BUILDINGPROVISION OF OTHER SERVICES

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Re-organisation of the IHO 2002 -20052002 XVI Conference established the Strategic Planning Working Group:

• to define to the IHO a modern organisation model• to Propose the needed changes to the IHO Convention and

Basic Documents• To report to the Extraordinary IH Conference (April 2005)

SPWG Results 2004:

• Analysis of the current situation• Proposed Vision, Mission, Objectives• Proposed Organisation• Proposed Changes to the Convention


IHO strengths

• International organisation with global coverage and operated regionally (RHC)

• Technology oriented

• Try to foster the technical development of MSs

• Cost effective

IHO weaknesses• Slow decision making

• Inflexible

• Slow growing of

memberships

• Conferences (nature,

frequency)

• Cooperation with NGOs

• Slow technical development

is some MSs

• Slow development of RHCs

• IHB quite separate unit


IHO Proposed Vision To be the recognised international hydrographic authority advancing maritime safety and efficiency, and supporting the protection and sustainable use of the marine environment.

IHO Proposed MissionTo create a global environment in which States provide adequate and timely hydrographic data, products and services and ensure their widest possible use.


The IHO Proposed Objectives:• promote the use of hydrography for the safety of navigation

and all other marine purposes and to raise global awareness of the importance of hydrography;

• improve global coverage, availability, quality and access to hydrographic data, information, products and services;

• improve global hydrographic capability, capacity, science and techniques.

• establish and support the development of international standards for the quality and formats of hydrographic data, information, products, services and techniques and to achieve the greatest possible uniformity in the use of these standards;

• give authoritative and timely guidance on all hydrographic matters to States and international organizations;

• facilitate coordination of hydrographic activities among Member States;

• enhance cooperation on hydrographic activities amongst States on a regional basis.


The IHO current organisation


The Proposed New IHO Organisation

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Main Features of the Changes:• General Assembly: 3 years, strategic issues

• Council: 25% of MSs, yearly, operative issues

• Main Committees: all MSs, yearly, • Hydrographic Services& Standards Committee (Technical

Committee) • Inter-Regional Coordination Committee

• Regional Hydrographic Commissions: • growing importance

• Interaction with Private Sector defined• More efficient decision making (voting rules)

• Secretariat: Secretary General, 2 Directors, 5 PAs


Finland’s Co-operation within Neighbouring Countries

• Russia, Estonia, Sweden

- United Kingdom, Germany, Norway, Denmark, …

- IHO Technical resolutions

- Bilateral Agreements

- Copyright, exchange of chart data, INT Charts

- Custodianship


Co-operation within Neighbouring countriesBilateral Agreements:

Based on IHO Technical Resolution TR A.3.4.

Based on IHO recommendation in Circular Letter 48/1995.

• Both Parties recognise the copyright of the others data and charts.• Both Parties try to prevent the illegal use of the other’s data.

• Both Parties grant to the other party the right to use their data on the others charts and publications. These products are identified and the amount of proportion for the other’s data has been identified.

• Prizes and copyright fees have been agreed on.• Copyright notices will be put on products.• Permissions to the Third Parties custodianship (now cancelled)• Both parties are responsible for their own data.


Other International Organisations

HELCOM (the Helsinki Commission)

Commission for the Protection of the Environment of the Baltic Sea

Copenhagen Declaration Sept. 2001

- Hydrographic re-surveys- Requirements to ENC Production- Promoting of the use of ECDIS- Requirements to intensify the

inspection of nautical charts on ships

www.helcom.fi



PRIMAR Stavanger

- A Regional ENC Database Coordinating Centre (RENC)

- Established based on WEND Principles

- For distributing of ENCs for the co-operating HOs

- www.primar.org

IC-ENC another RENC operated by the UKHO 16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 91


The Hydrographic Society http://www.hydrographicsociety.org/welcome.html

Open ECDIS Forum (OEF)http://www.iho.shom.fr/ [>ENC >Open ECDIS Forum]

S-63X S-63 Extension Working Group

http://www.s63x.org/

FIG - Commission IV - Hydrographyhttp://www.iho.shom.fr/ [>Intl. > FIG]

ICA - Commission on Marine Cartographyhttp://www.iho.shom.fr/ [> [>Intl. > ICA]

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Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOFREP)

Mandatory Ship Reporting System, adopted by the IMO.

Has been established:- to improve maritime safety, - to protect the marine environment and - to monitor compliance with International

Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

In operation from 1st July 2004.

The sea areas in the Gulf of Finland are monitored jointly by Finland, Estonia and the Russian Federation.


Other International OrganisationsUnited Nations (UN)

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation andLighthouse Authorities (IALA)

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)

International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) (Commission 4 –Hydrography)

UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on Law of the Seashttp://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/unclostable.html

United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process onOceans and the Law of the Sea

http://www.un.org/Depts/los/consultative_process/consultative_process.htm


THE RESULT OF AN INADEQUATE HYDRO-CARTOGRAPHIC CAPABILITY


DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OFMARITIME STATES


THEREFORE « IN CONJUNCTION » WE WOULD LIKE TO AVOID THIS


For more details: http://www.iho.shom.fr/

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16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 98 16 November 2004 Hydrographic Course (Maa-123.550) 99

For more details:

http://www.fma.fi/e/functions/charts/

http://www.fma.fi/toiminnot/merikartoitus/

http:// www.iho.shom.fr• Links to the HOs

• Links to other organisations


Thanks for your attention!

Questions?