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LUBRICATION SYSTEM

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LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Six Functions of Motor Oil

Reduce frictionReduce wearSeal powerAbsorb shockCleanCool

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Lubrication System Types

SplashPressure Fed or Force FeedCombination Pressure Fed and SplashGasoline Oil Premix

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Lubricating System Parts

Oil panOil pumpPick-up screenPressure regulatorOil filterBy-pass valveOil galleriesDipstickPressure indicator

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Oil Pan

Storage reservoir for motor oil.Holds 3 to 6 quarts with 4 as most average.Plug on bottom to drain.Pick-up screen sucks oil up from oil pump.

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Oil PumpsGear typesRotorGerotor typeAll oil pumps use a pick-up screen in the pan and a pressure regulator.

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Oil Filters

Micro-porous paper filters used to screen out particles.Most filters of the cartridge type.

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Oil Filter Systems

Remove harmful materials

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Bypass Systems

Part of oil to filter > panPart to bearings

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Shunt Filter Systems

Some oil through filter > bearingsSome directly to bearings

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Full Flow Filter SystemsAll oil goes through filter

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Oil Level and Pressure Indicators

Dipstick the most simpleSome engines equipped with an electrical level indicator.Oil pressure indicator lampOil pressure gauge (electrical or mechanical)

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Motor Oil Characteristics•Oil Viscosity/SAE

•Ease which oil flows•S.A.E Rating (Society of Automotive Engineers)

•Service Rating/API

•Oil Quality•A.P.I. (American Petroleum Institute)

•Other Fluids & Lubricants

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Oil Viscosity Chart

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A.P.I. Ratings

SA Straight mineral oil no additives.SB 1930’s motor oil with some detergent.SC 1950’s oil more additives.SD 1960’s enter multi-viscosity oils.SE 1970’s emission controls make heat is problem.SF 1980’s improves fuel economy.SG Late 1980’s wider viscosity ranges.SH 1990’s great stuff.SJ Late 1990’s SL 200?’sSM Current

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Selecting Motor Oil

Pick proper viscosity as recommended by manufacturer.Pick proper service rating as recommended by the manufacturer.

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Automatic Transmission Fluid(ATF)

Has red color to identify it from motor oil.Several kinds:Dexron/MerconType FA

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Gear Lube

Used in manual transmissions and differentials on rear drive cars.Heavy viscosity 90W.Looks like motor oil but smells real bad!

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Chassis Grease

Conventional type of petroleum grease.Grease steering and suspension parts.

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Other Types of Grease

Lithium grease or white lube.Used on mis. parts.

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Other Lubricants

WD-40 is a light oil with graphite.Liquid wrench is a penetrating oil for dry and rusted bolts.

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Non Petroleum Lubricants

Silicone spray is for rubber and plastic parts. Doesn’t work well on metal.Brake cleaner is like dry cleaning fluid. Cleans off grease and evaporates in seconds.

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Other Useful Fluids

Carburetor choke and throttle body cleaner. Contains toluene.Starting fluid. Contains ether.

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Oil Changes

Oil Change frequency:Every 25 -30 hours.

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Oil Contamination

Blow-by gases add raw gasoline and water to the oil causing deterioration.Excessive heat can cause thermal breakdown.Excessive cranking can dilute oil with gasoline.Cooling gasket leaks will ruin oil causing sludge.

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Things That Make Oil Deteriorate Faster

Short distance driving. (which is most trips)Extensive idling.Cold weather operation.Trailer towing.Excessive heavy loadsDirty and dusty conditions.

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Proper Oil Disposal

Waste motor oil is a controlled waste.Be sure to properly dispose of.Oil filters too!

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Changing Oil

Find the drain plug and remove it.Catch the waste oil and dispose of it properly.Don’t forget to reinstall the plug.

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Drain Plugs

Be careful never to strip out drain plugs.Extremely bad form.

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Changing the Filter

Remove the filter with an oil filter wrench.Dispose of the filter properly.Install the new filter hand tight.

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Filter Problems

Always match the old to the new oil filter. The gasket and thread must be the same. If you make a mistake you can pump 5 quarts of oil on the floor in seconds!

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Chassis Lubrication & Fluid Checks

If the the vehicle is equipped with zerk fittings, grease those parts using the power grease gun.Find and clean the fittings first, then inject the grease. One kick from the gun is plenty.

Under the car make the following checks:

Gear lube in the differential on rear drive cars.Check tire air pressure. Be sure to find the proper inflation pressure.Check manual transmission fluid if the car is a stick shift.

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Refilling Motor Oil

Find crankcase capacity in one of the following references:Owners manual?Service manual.Repair manual.Computerized specification system.

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Under Hood Checks

Motor oil levelPower steering fluidCoolant levelBrake fluidAutomatic transmission fluid. (The engine must be running)

Good technicians also do these things:

Check belt and hose condition.Inspect the battery terminals.Lubricate hood and door hinges.Look for anything unusual under the hood.

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Changing Transmission Fluid

Remove transmission oil pan. This is tricky so be careful you don’t get an oil bath.

Catch oil in motor oil drain pan with the tranny fluid basin. Dispose of properly.Change the filter, clean the pan, and reinstall the pan with a new gasket.

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Replacing Filter and Pan Gasket

Buy a filter kit which gives you a new filter and gasket.

Treat used tranny filtersas you would an oil filter.