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Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475; doi:10.3390/su12114475 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Supplementary Materials
The supplementary materials to the manuscript Organizational Life Cycle Assessment of a service providing SME
for renewable energy projects (PV and wind) in the United Kingdom is structured in three parts:
1. The life cycle inventory for each business field and activity, and specifies assumptions met and data sources used;
2. Contributions to the ReCiPe indicators at the business unit and activity level; 3. The sensitivity analysis carried out for selected impact categories and scenarios.
1. Life Cycle Inventory
Table S1: Complete life cycle inventory for the PV and the wind energy business, categorized by activity group and activity. Assumptions and data sources are mate transparent to ensure replicability .
Life Cycle Inventory of PV Business
Activity
Group
Activity Object # Value Unit Comment Assumptions Source Modeled
in GaBi
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d fuel for
technician
s’ trucks
Total
consum
ption of
Diesel
1 32852.42 £ CR-Report 2017 -
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d fuel for
technician
s’ trucks
Total
consum
ption of
Diesel
1 27,361.9675
8
l Own calculation
with £32,852.42 total
spent value and
average price of
£1.20066
Diesel price in 2017 of
£1.20066 per liter acc. to
https://www.statista.co
m/statistics/299552/aver
age-price-of-diesel-in-
the-united-kingdom/
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d spare
parts for
PV sites
- - - - Not owned by
organization. They
are purchased as a
contractual request
so they are part of
the agreement
between reporting
organization and
customer.
-
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Total
distanc
e by
1 97,544.01 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
Data for 11 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
Employee
Commuting
Questionnaire
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 2 of 42
own
car
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
bike). Car diesel Euro 4
with an engine size 1.4
- 2 l assumed in GaBi
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Total
distanc
e by
taxi
1 4,331.32 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
Data for 11 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
bike).
Employee
Commuting
Questionnaire
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Total
distanc
e by
public
train/tu
be
1 68,191.59 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
Data for 11 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
bike).
Employee
Commuting
Questionnaire
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
Distanc
es by
plane
1 60,971.5862
1
km First half of 2017
data from Wind
office, second half
from PV office.
Summed up both data
halves & allocated by
number of employees
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed. Distances are
calculated acc. to
http://www.airmilescal
culator.com/
Business
travels data
collection
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
Distanc
es by
train
1 7,043.83249
7
km First half of 2017
data from Wind
office, second half
from PV office.
Summed up both data
halves & allocated by
number of employees
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed. Distances are
calculated acc. to
http://rmme.railmiles.m
e/
Business
travels data
collection
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
Distanc
es by
tram/b
us
1 1,003.88413
8
km Data were only
available for the first
half of the year.
Assumed that in the
second half the
distances were the
same. Allocated by
number of employees
Internal data
collection
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 3 of 42
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed.
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
Distanc
es by
own
car/taxi
/hire
car
1 3,232.82758
6
km Data were only
available for the first
half of the year.
Assumed that in the
second half the
distances were the
same. Allocated by
number of employees
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed.
Internal data
collection
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d
electricity
(offices)
Consu
mption
of
electrici
ty from
conven
tional
tariffs
1 5,576 kWh Data transferred
from CR-Report
2017
Comment from source:
"This is based on an
estimate as the building
was only occupied for 7
months."
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Tap water
preparati
on
Total
water
usage
113.92 m3 Calculated value,
estimated on the usage
of the wind office and
extrapolated by the
number of employees.
Tap water from
groundwater source
was used within the
GaBi data model.
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Panel
cleaning
- - - - Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Landscap
ing
- - - - Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
Smart
TV
1 - - Bought in 2018 - not
within reference
time period
-
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 4 of 42
equipmen
t
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Desks 26 Lifespan 13 years acc.
to
https://www.steuernetz
.de/afa/wirtschaftsguet
er/betriebs-und-
geschaeftsausstattung
Spitzley et al.,
2006, "Life-
Cycle
Assessment of
Office
Furniture
Products";
Center for
Sustainable
Systems
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Laptop
s
33 CO2 only For 16 permanent
employees on site and
17 technicians, each
laptop is the same
model. Lifespan 3.5
years acc. to source.
Only manufacturing
process considered as
the energy which is
needed for use phase is
already included in
purchased energy.
Hoang, 2015,
"Life Cycle
Assessment of
a Laptop
Computer and
its
Contribution to
Greenhouse
Gas
Emissions";
School of
Engineering
and
Technology
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Smartp
hones
33 For 16 permanent
employees on site and
17 technicians, each
smartphone is the same
model. Lifespan 3 years
acc. to source. Whole
LC impacts included as
the smartphones are
also used private.
Ercan et al.,
2016, "Life
Cycle
Assessment of
a Smartphone"
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Office
chairs
20 Lifespan 13 years acc.
to
https://www.steuernetz
.de/afa/wirtschaftsguet
er/betriebs-und-
geschaeftsausstattung
Spitzley et al.,
2006, "Life-
Cycle
Assessment of
Office
Furniture
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 5 of 42
Products";
Center for
Sustainable
Systems
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Chairs 22 Chairs were assumed
as the same model
which is used within
office chairs.
Spitzley et al.,
2006, "Life-
Cycle
Assessment of
Office
Furniture
Products";
Center for
Sustainable
Systems
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Tubes 54 Fluorescent lamp T8
36W was used within
GaBi model
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Desk
contain
ers
20 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Shredd
er
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Monito
rs
27 Lifespan 4 years acc. to
source. Upstream value
chain and
manufacturing process
was considered as the
needed energy in use
phase is already
included within
purchased energy.
Socolof et al.,
2001, "Desktop
Computer
Displays: A
Life-Cycle
Assessment"
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Wall
screens
4 Wall screens were
assumed as the same
model which is used
within computer
monitors.
Socolof et al.,
2001, "Desktop
Computer
Displays: A
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 6 of 42
Life-Cycle
Assessment"
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Ventila
tors
5 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Beamer 1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Clipboa
rd
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Printer 1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Dockin
g
Station
s for
Laptop
s
17 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Confer
ence
phone
2 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Refrige
rator
small
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Toaster 1 Insufficient data no
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 7 of 42
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Water
boiler
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Coffee
machin
e
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Sink
unit
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Kitchen
unit
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Fire
extingu
isher
foam
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Fire
extingu
isher
CO2
1 Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Pens,
Kitchen
utilities
etc.
Insufficient data -
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of
technical
equipmen
t
Tools Insufficient data no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of
technical
equipmen
t
Chemic
als on
site
- - - Not applicable as
the reporting
organization does
not own the
chemicals.
-
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 8 of 42
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of cars
owned by
organizati
on
Car
type A
1 Lifespan 18 years acc.
to
https://de.statista.com/s
tatistik/daten/studie/31
6498/umfrage/lebensda
uer-von-autos-
deutschland/
Internal vehicle
list
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of cars
owned by
organizati
on
Car
type B
1 Lifespan 18 years acc.
to
https://de.statista.com/s
tatistik/daten/studie/31
6498/umfrage/lebensda
uer-von-autos-
deutschland/
Internal vehicle
list
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of cars
leased by
organizati
on
Leased
car
type A
2 According to
Finance
Administrator:
Leasing contracts
are for 6 months
each
Lifespan 18 years acc.
to
https://de.statista.com/s
tatistik/daten/studie/31
6498/umfrage/lebensda
uer-von-autos-
deutschland/
Internal vehicle
list
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of cars
leased by
organizati
on
Leased
car
type B
5 According to
Finance
Administrator:
Leasing contracts
are for 6 months
each
Lifespan 18 years acc.
to
https://de.statista.com/s
tatistik/daten/studie/31
6498/umfrage/lebensda
uer-von-autos-
deutschland/
Internal vehicle
list
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of cars
leased by
organizati
on
Leased
Car
type C
3 According to
Finance
Administrator:
Leasing contracts
are for 6 months
each
Lifespan 18 years acc.
to
https://de.statista.com/s
tatistik/daten/studie/31
6498/umfrage/lebensda
uer-von-autos-
deutschland/
Internal vehicle
list
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Storage
facilities
(rented)
- 2 - - No environmental
relevant in-/outputs
-
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 9 of 42
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
maintena
nce of PV
sites
(transport
ation)
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Total
waste
23,760 kg As data was only
available from July
to December the
value was
extrapolated for the
rest of the year.
59.400 l waste in
2017.
One full container
(1.100 l) was assumed
with 440 kg waste load
acc. to source
http://wasteolo
gy.co.uk/comm
ercial-
waste/wheeled-
bins/?doing_w
p_cron=153796
6786.500310897
8271484375000
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Waste
water
1 108.224 m3 Calculated by tap
water usage and
water consumption
yes
Direct
activities
Trips of
technician
s to sites
by truck
leased by
organizati
on
Total
distanc
e
driven
by all
vehicle
s
1 438,493.070
3
km (27,361.9675844951
l)/(6.24 l/100km)
186.42 gCO2/km in
average
Calculated with an
average diesel fuel
consumption over all
vehicles of 6.24 l/100km
and the calculated
value of total diesel
consumption above.
yes
Direct
activities
Trips of
technician
s to sites
by truck
owned by
organizati
on
Distanc
e by car
type A
1 36,541.0891
9
km Acc. to source:
Diesel fuel
consumption: 5.8
l/100km
CO2-Emissions: 150
g/km
Allocated value based
on the total distance
driven.
http://www.aut
o.de/magazin/t
est-vw-tiguan-
2-0-tdi-
4motion-bmt-
klassenprimus/
yes
Direct
activities
Trips of
technician
s to sites
by truck
owned by
Distanc
e by
cars
type B
1 36,541.0891
9
km Acc. to source:
Diesel fuel
consumption: 6.9
l/100km
CO2-Emissions: 183
g/km
Allocated value based
on the total distance
driven. Fuel
consumption is for the
model "Ford Transit
Custom Kombi 300L1
https://www.ad
ac.de/infotestra
t/autodatenban
k/autokatalog/
detail.aspx?mid
=242233&bezei
chnung=ford-
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 10 of 42
organizati
on
2.2 TDCi Trend Nugget
Aufstelldach"
transit-custom-
kombi-300l1-2-
2-tdci-trend-
nugget-
aufstelldach
Direct
activities
Trips of
technician
s to sites
by truck
leased by
organizati
on
Distanc
e by
leased
cars
type A
1 109,623.267
6
km Acc. to source:
Diesel fuel
consumption: 39.8
mpg (5.909914
l/100km)
CO2-Emissions: 186
g/km
Allocated value based
on the total distance
driven. Combined
value for CO2-emission
(urban and extra urban)
https://www.na
tionwide-
cars.co.uk/vans
/mitsubishi/l20
0/double-cab-
di-d-178-
warrior-4wd-
35282/
yes
Direct
activities
Trips of
technician
s to sites
by truck
leased by
organizati
on
Distanc
e by
leased
cars
type B
1 73,082.1783
8
km Acc. to source:
Diesel fuel
consumption: 35
mpg (6.72042
l/100km)
CO2-Emissions: 208
g/km
Allocated value based
on the total distance
driven.
https://www.pa
rkers.co.uk/van
s/reviews/mits
ubishi/l200/200
6/lwb-25-di-d-
176bhp-l200-lb-
double-cab-
barbarian-
4wd/road-
test/18622/facts
-and-figures/
yes
Direct
activities
Trips of
technician
s to sites
by truck
leased by
organizati
on
Distanc
e by
leased
cars
type C
1 182,705.445
9
km Acc. to source:
Diesel fuel
consumption: 39.8
mpg (5.909914
l/100km)
CO2-Emissions: 186
g/km
Allocated value based
on the total distance
driven.
https://www.bo
rdermotorguid
e.co.uk/product
/wm66hkc
yes
Direct
activities
Maintena
nce
activities
- - - - After spending a
day with a
technician and an
interview regarding
their day-to-day
business, the
maintenance
activities are
defined as not
relevant. There are
-
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 11 of 42
no relevant in- or
outputs through
their work as such
at the site unit.
Direct
activities
Water
consumpt
ion in
offices
Total
water
consum
ption
1 5.696 m3 insufficient data Calculated value,
estimated on the usage
of the wind office.
yes
Direct
activities
Transport
ation of
spare
parts
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Productio
n & Use
Phase of
sites (PV
& Wind)
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Processin
g of sold
products
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Use of
sold
products
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
End-of-
life
treatment
of sold
products
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Franchise
s &
Leased
assets
- - - - n.r. -
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 12 of 42
Life Cycle Inventory for wind energy business
Activity
Group
Activity Object # Value Unit Comment Assumptions Source Modeled
in GaBi
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d fuel for
rented
cars
Amoun
t of
petrol
1 2,082.39984 l
Calculated by the
amount of driven km
for site trips and the
average petrol
consumption acc. to
government statistic
(2nd source). Assumed
that every car is a
petrol car.
Travel data
collection
yes
Department for
Transport
statistics, 2017,
"Average new
car fuel
consumption,
Great Britain:
2000 to 2016"
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Distanc
e by
own
car
1 37,381.09 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
Data for 15 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
bike).
Employee
commuting
questionnaire
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Distanc
e by
public
train
1 42,988.80 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
Data for 15 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
bike).
Employee
commuting
questionnaire
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Distanc
e by
public
tram
1 5,109.99 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
Data for 15 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
bike).
Employee
commuting
questionnaire
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Employee
commuti
ng
Distanc
e by
public
bus
1 10,544.42 km Questionnaire via
Mail to all
employees
(transportation
vehicle and distance
for one way).
Data for 15 employees,
missing persons are
assumed as n.r. (foot or
bike).
Employee
commuting
questionnaire
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 13 of 42
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
Distanc
e by
plane
1 49,539.4137
9
km First half of 2017
data from Wind
office, second half
from PV office.
Summed up both data
halves & allocated by
number of employees
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed. Distances acc.
to
http://www.airmilescal
culator.com/
Internal data
collection
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
distanc
e by
train
1 5,723.11390
3
km First half of 2017
data from Wind
office, second half
from PV office.
Summed up both data
halves & allocated by
number of employees
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed. Distances acc.
to
http://rmme.railmiles.m
e/
Internal data
collection
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
distanc
e by
own
car
1 2,626.67241
4
km
Data were only
available for the first
half of the year.
Assumed that in the
second half the
distances were the
same. Allocated by
number of employees
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed. Distances acc.
to
https://distancecalculat
or.globefeed.com/UK_
Distance_Calculator.as
p
Internal data
collection
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Business
travels
distanc
e by
Tram/B
us
1 815.655862
1
km
Data were only
available for the first
half of the year.
Assumed that in the
second half the
distances were the
same. Allocated by
number of employees
Internal data
collection
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 14 of 42
per office. Direct
connections are
assumed. Distances acc.
to
https://distancecalculat
or.globefeed.com/UK_
Distance_Calculator.as
p
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d
electricity
Electric
ity
from
green
tariffs
1 1,028.72 kWh Readout value from
meter, allocated by
the number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization)
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d
electricity
Electric
ity
from
regular
tariffs
1 7,879.76 kWh Value from invoice,
allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization)
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d
electricity
Total
electrici
ty
1 8,908.48 kWh Addition of both
tariffs as modeled in
GaBi as electricity
grid mix GB
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Gas
preparati
on
Total
Gas
Usage
1 10,655.68 kWh Value from invoice,
natural gas used,
allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization)
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Tap water
preparati
on
Total
water
usage
1 99.68 m3 Value from invoice,
allocated by the
number of
employees of the
CR-Report 2017 yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 15 of 42
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization)
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Purchase
d services
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Desk 14
Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization).
Lifespan 13 years acc.
to
https://www.steuernetz
.de/afa/wirtschaftsguet
er/betriebs-und-
geschaeftsausstattung
Spitzley et al.,
2006, "Life-
Cycle
Assessment of
Office
Furniture
Products";
Center for
Sustainable
Systems
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Office
chairs
14
Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization).
Lifespan 13 years acc.
to
https://www.steuernetz
.de/afa/wirtschaftsguet
er/betriebs-und-
geschaeftsausstattung
Spitzley et al.,
2006, "Life-
Cycle
Assessment of
Office
Furniture
Products";
Center for
Sustainable
Systems
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Monito
rs
14
Lifespan 4 years acc. to
source
Socolof et al.,
2001, "Desktop
Computer
Displays: A
Life-Cycle
Assessment"
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Keyboa
rds
14
Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization). No
usable data could be
no
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 16 of 42
collected for an
environmental
assessment.
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Compu
ter
mouse
14
Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization). No
usable data could be
collected for an
environmental
assessment.
no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Confer
ence
phone
2
Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization). No
usable data could be
collected for an
environmental
assessment.
no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Laptop
s
14
Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization). CO2
only
Lifespan 3.5 years acc.
to source. Only
manufacturing process
considered as the
energy which is needed
for use phase is already
included in purchased
energy. Each laptop is
assumed as the same
model.
Hoang, 2015,
"Life Cycle
Assessment of
a Laptop
Computer and
its
Contribution to
Greenhouse
Gas
Emissions";
School of
Engineering
and
Technology
yes
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 17 of 42
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Smartp
hones
8
Lifespan 3 years acc. to
source. Whole LC
impacts included as the
smartphones are also
used private. Each
smartphone is assumed
as the same model. 6 of
employees without
smartphone
Ercan et al.,
2016, "Life
Cycle
Assessment of
a Smartphone"
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of office
equipmen
t
Light
tubes
66
Approximated value.
Fluorescent lamp T8
36W was used within
GaBi model
yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of
technical
equipmen
t
Chemic
als on
site
- - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of
technical
equipmen
t
PPE - - - No usable data
could be collected
for an
environmental
assessment.
no
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n of cars
rented by
organizati
on
- - - - Production not
included as no
quantification nor
allocation possible.
-
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Waste
for
deposit
1 285.6 kg Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization).
Information
provided by the
waste disposal
contractor.
CR-Report 2017 -
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 18 of 42
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Waste
for
compos
ting
1 252 kg Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization).
Information
provided by the
waste disposal
contractor.
CR-Report 2017 -
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Waste
for
recyclin
g
1 1,018.64 kg Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization).
Information
provided by the
waste disposal
contractor.
CR-Report 2017 -
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Total
waste
1 1,556.24 kg
Waste was modeled
with specific U.K.
treatment in GaBi, no
separate calculation.
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Waste
generated
through
offices
Waste
water
1 94.696 m3 Allocated by the
number of
employees of the
reporting unit
(office is shared
with different
organization).
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
Upstream
activities
Productio
n & Use
Phase of
sites
(Wind)
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 19 of 42
Direct
activities
Trips to
site by
rented
cars
Total
distanc
es
1 38,562.96 km By Own
Car/Taxi/Hire Car
and purpose of site
visit
Travel data
collection
yes
Direct
activities
Water
consumpt
ion in
offices
Total
water
consum
ption
1 4.984 m3
Calculated value by
total water usage and
waste water
CR-Report 2017 yes
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Processin
g of sold
products
- - - - n.r. because rep.
org. does not
produce or sell
products as they are
a service provider
only.
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Use of
sold
products
- - - - n.r. because rep.
org. does not
produce or sell
products as they are
a service provider
only.
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
End-of-
life
treatment
of sold
products
- - - - Excluded by system
boundaries
-
Indirect
downstre
am
activities
Franchise
s &
Leased
assets
- - - - n.r.
-
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 20 of 42
2. Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Table S2. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Global Warming Potential (GWP).
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative
Contribution [%]
Wind 15.329673
Wind Direct activities 5.17434996
Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0
Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.17434996
Wind Indirect upstream activities 10.1553231
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.27268834
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.89801989
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.09297249
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.34420473
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.59896758
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.31408535
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01468737
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 1.61969732
PV 84.670327
PV Direct activities 58.8366816
PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck 58.8366816
PV Indirect upstream activities 25.8336454
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.79715497
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 21 of 42
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 9.57105755
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.81072958
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.16347139
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.87215464
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.00082654
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 2.84754667
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01678556
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 8.56464803
Table S3. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative
Contribution [%]
Wind 13.7264076
Wind Direct activities 6.12071798
Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0
Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 6.12071798
Wind Indirect upstream activities 7.60568958
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.23991903
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 4.39144856
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.03344467
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.01074512
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.05767636
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 22 of 42
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.33179081
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01698037
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office -0.4763153
PV 86.2735924
PV Direct activities 69.5976765
PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck 69.5976765
PV Indirect upstream activities 16.6759159
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.7568235
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 9.87414252
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.96944281
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.1957868
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00879147
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.66202128
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 2.90726271
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01940614
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.25168149
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 23 of 42
Table S4. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Terrestrial Acidification.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative
Contribution [%]
Wind 14.2503711
Wind Direct activities 5.94727548
Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0
Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.94727548
Wind Indirect upstream activities 8.30309557
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.46042629
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.77224971
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.09065388
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.20034721
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.27974152
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.31165822
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00439846
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.1836203
PV 85.7496289
PV Direct activities 67.6254905
PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck 67.6254905
PV Indirect upstream activities 18.1241385
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 3.02821706
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 8.36387421
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 24 of 42
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.61458248
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.12367671
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.40648104
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.80101641
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 4.5757796
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00502681
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.82006662
Table S5. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Freshwater Eutrophication.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative
Contribution [%]
Wind 16.6313389
Wind Direct activities 7.00373699
Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0
Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 7.00373699
Wind Indirect upstream activities 9.62760192
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 1.39595873
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 7.80352178
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 8.56E-05
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00076869
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.0052427
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.00437008
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 25 of 42
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00570093
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.4119534
PV 83.3686611
PV Direct activities 79.6383404
PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck 79.6383404
PV Indirect upstream activities 3.73032073
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 1.71810261
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 0.77862698
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.00972272
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.00194473
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00121196
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.00328151
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 0.08292517
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00651535
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 1.13771241
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 26 of 42
Table S6: Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Human Toxicity, cancer.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative
Contribution [%]
Wind 11.0616516
Wind Direct activities 7.70975989
Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0
Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 7.70975989
Wind Indirect upstream activities 3.35189169
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 0.64844014
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 2.6341373
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.000157
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00032947
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.00744521
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.01110518
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00104336
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.04923404
PV 88.9383484
PV Direct activities 87.6664105
PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck 87.6664105
PV Indirect upstream activities 1.27193793
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 0.79808002
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 0.27264722
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 27 of 42
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.0070161
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.00140332
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00047866
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.00466011
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 0.12966722
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00119241
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.06380896
Table S7. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Fine Particulate Matter Formation.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative
Contribution [%]
Wind 13.3973576
Wind Direct activities 6.3857145
Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0
Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 6.3857145
Wind Indirect upstream activities 7.01164306
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.04457824
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.38097016
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.07918157
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.15196514
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.98281203
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.22797825
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 28 of 42
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00353721
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.14062046
PV 86.6026424
PV Direct activities 72.6109084
PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck 72.6109084
PV Indirect upstream activities 13.991734
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.51640404
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 6.38044437
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.48519952
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.09751313
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.30574016
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.61516217
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 3.41141393
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00404252
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.6610137
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 29 of 42
Table S8. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Fossil depletion.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 13.4725878 Wind Direct activities 4.46376481 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 4.46376481 Wind Indirect upstream activities 9.00882301
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 1.94019766
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Employee Commuting 3.20865274
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Gas preparation 0.90752451
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 0.00980337
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 1.5533686
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel rented cars (site visits)
1.28866225
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Tap water preparation 0.0050726
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Waste from office 0.09554128
PV 86.5274122 PV Direct activities 50.7567349 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 50.7567349
PV Indirect upstream activities 35.7706773
PV Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.38793566
PV Indirect upstream activities
Employee Commuting 7.86998291
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars leased by organization
0.73324313
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars owned by organization
0.14773201
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 0.00802094
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 0.97228521
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel for technicians’ trucks
23.8542716
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00579726
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.52465173
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 30 of 42
Table S9. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Ionizing Radiation.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 21.7190561 Wind Direct activities 6.38034202 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 6.38034202 Wind Indirect upstream activities 15.3387141
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.17879912
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Employee Commuting 10.8908056
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Gas preparation 0.00818304
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 0.00466166
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 2.19936598
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel rented cars (site visits)
0.0256507
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Tap water preparation 0.00108969
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Waste from office 0.03015832
PV 78.2809439 PV Direct activities 72.5498188 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 72.5498188
PV Indirect upstream activities 5.73112512
PV Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.6815985
PV Indirect upstream activities
Employee Commuting 0.95601806
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars leased by organization
0.37823082
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars owned by organization
0.07593344
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 0.00381408
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 1.37662819
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel for technicians’ trucks
0.53817604
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00124536
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.09771145
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 31 of 42
Table S10. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Land use.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 13.0966661 Wind Direct activities 6.41905778 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 6.41905778 Wind Indirect upstream activities 6.67760828
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 0.81060931
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.79784723
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.00863954
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.98753509
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.85150509
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.03456844
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00329627
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.18360731
PV 86.9033339 PV Direct activities 72.9900493 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck
72.9900493
PV Indirect upstream activities 13.9132847
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 0.99767285
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 2.71055099
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 1.8988946
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.3871305
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.80798325
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.53297446
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 7.52810409
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00376716
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.94510135
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 32 of 42
Table S11. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Terrestrial ecotoxicity.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 9.23293704 Wind Direct activities 7.86825081 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 7.86825081 Wind Indirect upstream activities 1.36468623
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 0.56419564
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Employee Commuting 0.6690056
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Gas preparation 0.00058783
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 0.00590747
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 0.07494826
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel rented cars (site visits)
0.0298233
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Tap water preparation 0.00063331
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Waste from office 0.01958481
PV 90.767063 PV Direct activities 89.4685848 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 89.4685848
PV Indirect upstream activities 1.29847821
PV Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 0.69439459
PV Indirect upstream activities
Employee Commuting 0.12627338
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars leased by organization
0.41541719
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars owned by organization
0.0834301
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 0.00533066
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 0.04691165
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel for technicians’ trucks
0.25782216
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00072379
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.08359187
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 33 of 42
3. Sensitivity analysis
Table S12. LCIA Climate change, incl biogenic carbon, egalitarian perspective.
Business Unit Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution
[%] Wind 15.3448467 Wind Direct activities 5.58864397 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.58864397
Wind Indirect upstream
activities 9.75620273
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.50178949
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 4.18217644
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.06730254
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.33882539
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.66053694
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.28307164
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.0157618
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.7067385
PV 84.6551533 PV Direct activities 63.5475506 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0 PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 63.5475506
PV Indirect upstream
activities 21.1076027
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 3.07912563
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 10.4292824
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.86980807
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organisation 0.17457217
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.87451397
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.03936406
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians
trucks 2.231045
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01801349
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 3.26168606
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 34 of 42
Table S13. LCIA Climate change, incl biogenic carbon, individualist perspective.
Business Unit
Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 15.3138593 Wind Direct activities 4.68354577 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 4.68354577 Wind Indirect upstream activities 10.6303136
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.0052093
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.54655379
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.12357327
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.35257797
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.52517379
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.34933964
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.0133341
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 2.7145517
PV 84.6861407 PV Direct activities 53.2558279 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck
53.2558279
PV Indirect upstream activities 31.4303127
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.46794999
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 8.51453465
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.74424531
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organisation 0.14996532
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.87461633
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.9546375
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians
trucks 3.56491439
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01523897
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 14.8884556
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 35 of 42
Table S14. LCIA Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, egalitarian perspective.
Business Unit
Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 13.9310421 Wind Direct activities 5.97761419 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.97761419 Wind Indirect upstream activities 7.95342792
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.12483175
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 4.74426193
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.0372211
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.01195841
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.17710073
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.36925509
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01889772
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office -0.5300988
PV 86.0689579 PV Direct activities 67.970467 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck
67.970467
PV Indirect upstream activities 18.0984909
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.61517763
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 10.9816293
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 1.07772758
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organisation 0.21789404
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00978415
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.73677144
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians
trucks 3.23553687
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.02159739
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.28010006
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 36 of 42
Table S15. LCIA Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, individualist perspective.
Business Unit
Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 13.5301656 Wind Direct activities 6.28328014 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 6.28328014 Wind Indirect upstream activities 7.24688549
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.3249255
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 4.07175023
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.02918391
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00937626
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.92294454
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.28952166
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01481712
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office -0.4156337
PV 86.4698344 PV Direct activities 71.4461441 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck
71.4461441
PV Indirect upstream activities 15.0236903
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 2.86144683
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 8.632597
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.84698665
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organisation 0.17084453
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.00767148
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.57768988
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians
trucks 2.53688813
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.01693386
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.21961858
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 37 of 42
Table S16. Terrestrial Acidification, egalitarian perspective.
Business Unit
Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 14.2503711 Wind Direct activities 5.94727548 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.94727548 Wind Indirect upstream activities 8.30309557
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.46042629
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.77224971
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.09065388
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.20034721
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.27974152
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.31165822
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00439846
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.1836203
PV 85.7496289 PV Direct activities 67.6254905 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck
67.6254905
PV Indirect upstream activities 18.1241385
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 3.02821706
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 8.36387421
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.61458248
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organisation 0.12367671
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.40648104
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.80101641
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians
trucks 4.5757796
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00502681
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.82006662
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 38 of 42
Table S17. LCIA Terrestrial Acidification, individualist perspective.
Business Unit
Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 14.2503711 Wind Direct activities 5.94727548 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.94727548 Wind Indirect upstream activities 8.30309557
Wind Indirect upstream activities
Business travels 2.46042629
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 3.77224971
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.09065388
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.20034721
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 1.27974152
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.31165822
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00439846
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.1836203
PV 85.7496289 PV Direct activities 67.6254905 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck
67.6254905
PV Indirect upstream activities 18.1241385
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 3.02821706
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 8.36387421
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.61458248
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organisation 0.12367671
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.40648104
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.80101641
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians
trucks 4.5757796
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00502681
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.82006662
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 39 of 42
Table S18. Climate change, incl. biogenic carbon, incl. facilities.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 40.4715887 Wind Direct activities 0.0910895 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 0.0910895 Wind Indirect downstream activities 0 Wind Indirect upstream activities 0.17877478
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 0.04000851
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 0.06862092
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.00163669
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.0060594
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.0281483
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.00552917
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00025856
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.02851323
Wind Wind energy facilities 40.2017244 PV 59.5284113 PV Direct activities 1.03576369 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0 PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 1.03576369 PV Indirect downstream activities 0 PV Indirect upstream activities 0.46916547
PV Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 0.04924125
PV Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 0.16848934
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars leased by
organization 0.01438878
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of cars owned by
organization 0.00287776
PV Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.01535345
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 0.0176186
PV Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel for technicians’
trucks 0.05012834
PV Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.00029549
PV Indirect upstream
activities Waste from office 0.15077246
PV PV facilities 58.0234822
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 40 of 42
Table S19. LCIA Climate change, incl. biogenic carbon, with calculated CO2 emission of trucks.
Business Unit
Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]
Wind 21.5830889 Wind Direct activities 7.28511656 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 7.28511656 Wind Indirect downstream activities 0 Wind Indirect upstream activities 14.2979723
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Business travels 3.19978348
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Employee Commuting 5.48813464
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Gas preparation 0.13089865
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Production of office equipment 0.48461577
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased electricity 2.25123258
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site
visits) 0.44220983
Wind Indirect upstream
activities Tap water preparation 0.02067877
Wind Indirect upstream activities Waste from office 2.28041857
PV 78.4169111 PV Direct activities 40.8941974 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0
PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by
truck (Copy) 40.8941974
PV Indirect downstream activities 0 PV Indirect upstream activities 37.5227137
PV Indirect upstream activities Business travels 3.93819517
PV Indirect upstream activities Employee Commuting 13.475368
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars leased by organization 1.15077927
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of cars owned by organization
0.23015608
PV Indirect upstream activities
Production of office equipment 1.22793168
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased electricity 1.40909256
PV Indirect upstream activities
Purchased fuel for technicians’ trucks
4.0091431
PV Indirect upstream activities
Tap water preparation 0.02363287
PV Indirect upstream activities
Waste from office 12.058415
Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 41 of 42
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