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1
The Benefits of Open AccessA Researcher’s Perspective.
Richard Pulsford
International Open Access WeekSt. Lukes Campus, University of Exeter, 25th October 2012
2
Objectives
To examine the benefits of Open Access to the research process prior to publication
To examine the benefits of Open Access after publication Visibility and impact Evidence
To examine the benefits of research repositories such as ERIC
To examine the wider issue of publically funded research being publically available
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The Benefits of Open Access..
Prior to publication
Effect on quality of research
increased resources aids all aspects of the scientific method
planning, experimental design and methodology
Better practice
reduces citation bias reduces problem of ‘hollow citing’
4
The Benefits of Open Access..
After publication
Visibility of research
The publication of research outputs in immediate open access journals or their availability in institutional repositories exposes then to a wider readership
Increase in interest in research
Increased citation rate
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The Benefits of Open Access..
After publication Higher citation rate
Increased availability = increased downloads= increased citations
Antelman 2004 ‘Do open-access articles have a greater research impact?’
Examined articles in four disciplines Philosophy, political science, electrical and electronic
engineering and mathematics chosen as they represent various stages of adoption of open
access
‘number of citations’ used to determine whether articles have a greater impact when their authors make them freely available
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The Benefits of Open Access..
After publication
Philosphy
Political Science
Electrical and electronic engineering
Mathematics
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Open Access - No
Open Access - Yes
Antelman 2004
91%
51%
86%
45%
Difference in citation rate
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The Benefits of Open Access..
After publicationBut....
Is this increase in citation rate due to other confounding factors?
I. Top authors who are highly cited may be at better institutions which may be more likely to have publication repositories
II. A greater number of authors on a publication may increase both the number of citations and the likelihood of it being open access – it only takes one!
III. The benefits of OA are simply due to authors allowing free access to ‘trophy’ publications in personal or institutional repositories after their publication in non-OA journals
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The Benefits of Open Access..
After publicationEysenbach 2006
Bibliometric analysis of a cohort of OA and non-OA articles published between June and December 2004 in the same journal (PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Controlled for potential confounding factors including, number of authors, authors’ publication history and impact, country, funding and discipline
Open access articles were twice as likely to be cited in the first 4-10 months (OR = 2.1 [1.5-2.9]) & almost 3 times as likely to be cited in the 10-16 months after publication: OR = 2.9 [1.5-5.5]
Secondary analyses showed that papers in immediate OA journals were cited more than those in non-OA journals which were made available through repositories
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The Benefits of Open Access..
After publication
Across a variety of disciplines, OA articles have a greater research impact than articles which are not freely available1
Readers find OA outputs more easily, read them more often1 and citing them earlier and more often in their own work2
This effect is evident even after controlling for confounding factors relating to authorship and institution2
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The Benefits of Open Access..
After publication
ERIC – allows searches by collection, subject, author, theme Mutual benefit due to U of E reputation for research Success within a discipline may raise profile for all rather
than just those involved
Stimulation of new research ideas Increase in access to research outputs and ideas could
stimulate new avenues of research
Collaborations Across institutions Across disciplines
Benefit to researchers, institutions and research as a whole
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The wider issue… ‘Publically funded research should be publically available’
In non-OA publication public funds are used three times in the research process3
To pay for; 1) research, 2) peer review & 3) access
RCUK and the HEFCE announced plans to ensure greater open access4
‘significant outputs from research activity are made available as widely as possible both within and beyond the research community. Open access to published research can benefit the research base, higher education, and the UK economy and society.’
OA is now advocated by many institutions & funders
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To conclude…
Open access, via immediate OA journals or depositories can benefit researchers at all stages of the research process
The main effects are an increase in resources and increased visibility and impact of research outputs
Can also stimulate interest across disciplines and institutions allowing greater collaboration
The wider issue of publicly funded research being publically available is beginning to be addressed due to support from RCUK & HCFCE and as OA increasingly becomes a mandate of the provision of funding.
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References1.Antelmann, Kirstin (2004).
Do open access articles have a greater research impact? College & Research Libraries News, 65(5), 372-382.
2.Eysenbach, Gunther (2006). Citation advantage of open access articles. PLoS Biology, 4(5).
3. RCUK & HEFCE Press release - http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/media/news/2011news/Pages/110525_1.aspx
4. Information on Funding mandates - http://open-access.org.uk/information-and-guidance/publication-policies/#5
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Thank you
Richard Pulsford
International Open Access WeekSt. Lukes Campus, University of Exeter, 25th October 2012