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Hydrocarbons as Alternatives to HCFC-22
A Cool Solution?
UNIDO, Ole Reinholdt Nielsen10 April 2013
Outline
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• HC candidates;• Production setup;• Servicing;• Product;• Market acceptability; and
• HC opportunities.
Potential HC alternatives to HCFC-22
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• R-290 (propane);• R-1270 (propylene);• R-433b (propane/propylene
– 5%/95%)• R-443a – HCR188C2
(propane/propylene/isobutane)
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Production setup• 20 years HC experience:
– Greenfreeze – DKK Scharfenstein / Foron;– Initially mix of propane and butane (properties
similar to CFC-12/HFC-134a);– Later – pure isobutane (R-600a);
• ATEX Directives (1994/99); ATEX guidelines and harmonized standards;
• A/C is different than domestic refrigeration !
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Production setup (cont’d)
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Service• GIZ manuals and guidelines;• Training mandatory;• Proper service tools for HC’s:
– Needs careful consideration; e.g.:• Venting hose;• HC leak detector to monitor flammable
atmosphere;• HC purity:
– While high purity is manageable in production setting, service technicians may choose lower purity.
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Product• Energy efficiency;• Safe application:
– Charge optimization:• Example: Compressor accounts for 25% of
total charge – re-design of compressor can reduce to 20% of total !
– Intelligent safety measures:• Example: Shut-off of liquid line in case of
leaks;– Risk assessment.
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Market acceptability• Regulatory framework:
– IEC 60335-2-40;– National standards;
• Price;• Green product.
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Opportunities• China:
– Progressive approach from Chinese government;– Two A/C production lines and one compressor
line converted into R-290 prior to HPMP;– HPMP stage I will convert additional 18 A/C lines
and 4 compressor lines converted into R-290;
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Opportunities• China (cont’d):
– Substantial TA component:• Charge reduction;• Refrigerant distribution within A/C;• Risk assessment in case of instant loss of
refrigerant charge;• A/C heat pump operation;• Compressor optimization;
– International competive bidding – soon !!!
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Opportunities
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HC candidates; Production setup; Servicing; Product; Market acceptability.
Cool solution ?
YES
•HC’s not an universal solution for A/C’s:– Short term: Smaller split A/C’s (up to 18,000
Btu/hr) and stand-alone units;– Long term: Window A/C and larger split’s;
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Thank you for your attention
Contact Ole Reinholdt NielsenUnit Chief, Refrigeration and Aerosols UnitUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDOMontreal Protocol Branch P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, AustriaTel: +43 1 26026 3036 (direct)Fax: +43 1 26026 6804E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unido.org
