09/14/12 “Cell Study Guide” P. 49Sponge: P. 96-98: 1. Explain what happens during the cell cycle.

During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two daughter cells.

2. Explain the difference between interphase and cytokinesis.

During interphase the cell grows and copies DNA, while during cytokinesis the cell divides into two new cells.

Cell Review• 1. osmosis-diffusion of water.• 2. diffusion-movement of a substance from high

to low concentration.• 3. semi-permeable membrane- allows certain

substances to pass through the cell membrane.• 4. photosynthesis-plants make food from

sunlight.• 5. cellular respiration-cell makes energy, ATP.• 6. endocytosis-uses energy to move things into

the cell.• 7. exocytosis-uses energy to move things out of

the cell

Cell Review• 8. prokaryotic-A cell without a nucleus.• 9. eukaryotic-A cell with a nucleus.• 10. homeostasis-balance of internal environment.• 11. similarities- they both move substances from

high to low concentration.• Differences-osmosis is the diffusion of only

water. • 12. Active transport uses energy to move

substances, passive does not.• 13. chloroplast, food=sugar, oxygen• 14. mitochondria, energy=ATP, carbon dioxide

• 15. large vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

Cell Review• 16. ask a question, hypothesis, experiment,

analyze data, draw conclusion, share results

• 17. lightning and run

• 18. OGRRs, Organized structure, growth & development, reproduction, and response to surroundings

• 19. WAFLS, water, air, food, living space, and shelter

• 20. cell=bacteria, tissues=muscle, organ=brain, organ system=nervous system, organism=me

Cell ReviewOrganelle Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Animal or Plant

Cell Wall Both Plant

Chloroplast Eukaryotic Plant

Cytoplasm Both Both

Mitochondria Eukaryotic Both

Nucleus Eukaryotic Both

Ribosome Both Both

Lysosome Eukaryotic Both

Vacuole Eukaryotic Both

Golgi Bodies Eukaryotic Both

Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Both

Cell Membrane Both Both

Cell Review• Cell wall-structure and support• chloroplast=food from sunlight• Cytoplasm-fills out the cell• Mitochondria-makes energy, ATP• Nucleus-controls the cell• Ribosome-make proteins• Lysosome-food grinder• Vacuole-stores food, water, & waste• Golgi bodies-sends proteins throughout the cell.• Endoplasmic reticulum-transports proteins• Cell membrane-controls what goes in and out of the

cell.

Cell Test Essay Questions• 5 Points: How is the function of the cell membrane

and cytoplasm involved in maintaining an organized structure?

• 10 Points: How is the function of the mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole, and chloroplast involved in maintaining growth and development?

• 5 Points: How is the function of DNA involved in maintaining reproduction?

• 5 Points: How is the function of the nucleus and cell membrane involved in maintaining a response to surroundings?

03/30/12 “Cell City” pg 229Sponge: P. 64 & 65: 1. Why do plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast and animal cells do not?

They have a cell wall and chloroplast because they can’t move to escape the weather and find food.

2. Why is the vacuole of a plant cell so much larger than an animal cell?

Plant cells have to store water because they can’t go find water.

“Cell City”1. Cell theory

2. Endoplasmic reticulum

3. Cell membrane

4. Organelles

5. DNA

6. Nucleus

7. Mitochondria

8. Ribosomes

9. Cells

10. chloroplast

11. cytoplasm

12. cell wall

13. Proteins

14. vacuoles

“Cell City”1. Uses materials to put things together

2. Moves things around the city

3. Makes energy to run the city

4. Makes food for the people

5. Recycles the cities waste

6. Tells the rest of the city how to function

7. Stores food water and waste

8. Controls what goes in and out of the city

“Cell City”1. Ribosomes

2. Endoplasmic reticulum

3. Mitochondria

4. Chloroplast

5. Lysosome

6. Nucleus

7. Vacuoles

8. Cell membrane or cell wall

04/09/12 “Gummy Bear Lab” pg 231Sponge: 1. How are the doors and windows of a classroom similar to a cell membrane?

A cell membrane controls what goes in and out of cell like the doors and windows controls what comes in and out of the classroom.

2. If more of a needed material is outside a cell than inside a cell, which direction will the substance move? Why?

It will move inside the cell because it will move from high to low concentration.

“Gummy Bear Hypothesis” If we put a gummy bear in water over night it will get bigger or smaller because like a cell it is semi-permeable and will allow water to move into the cell during a process called osmosis. Osmosis is like diffusion, which occurs when a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

04/10/12 “Gummy Bear Lab 2” pg 233Sponge: P. 84: 1. Would driving a car be a form of passive or active transport? Explain.

Active transport, because driving a car requires energy.

2. Would flying a glider be a form of passive or active transport? Explain.

Passive transport, because it doesn’t require energy.

Cells Vocabulary & Levels of Organization (glue to pg. 20)

Take five minutes to read over “Life under the Microscope” and then

find the correct term for the definitions on the inside of your sheet. Remember to use good reading strategies as you read!

Level 1: Cells

• Smallest working unit of living things.

• May serve a specific function/job within an organism, or may live alone (unicellular).

• Ex: bone cells, cartilage cells, red blood cells.

Level 2: Tissues(No, not THAT kind of tissue!)

• Made up of cells that are similar in structure/function that work together to

perform a specific function or job.

• Ex: Humans have FOUR basic tissues: connective (fat, cartilage, bone, blood); epithelial (skin), nervous and muscular

Level 3: Organs

• Made of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity.

• Ex: lungs, heart, stomach, brain.

What other organs can you think of?

Level 4: Organ Systems

Groups of one or more organs working together to perform

specific functions for the organism.

Our human body has 11 organ systems. Can you name them?

Level 5: Organism

• Entire living things that carry out all basic life functions.

Meaning… they are made of cells, share similar chemicals, can take in and use

energy, grow and develop, reproduce, and sense and respond to changes in their

surroundings. They’re ALIVE!

Organisms are usually made up of many cells but some organisms can be made up of only

one cell such as bacteria.

“Squirrel of Organization”

In each circle, draw a colorful

representative picture to match that specific level. For example, in the circle labeled “cell”, draw a picture of a specific type of cell you might find in

a squirrel.

8/23/11 Cell Structure & Function pg 19

Objective: To determine the structure and function of cell organelles.

Bell work: List in order the levels of organization and provide an example of each.

Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer glue to pg 20

The cell theory tells us that…

1. All living things are made up of cells

2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division

What is a Cell?Cell: the smallest unit that is

capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

Prokaryotic

1. Do not have organelles with membranes

2. Simple one-celled organisms - Bacteria ONLY!

3. I like to say “PRO?” “NO!” (NO nucleus, NO organelles)

Eukaryotic1. Contain organelles surrounded by membranes

2. Complex organisms - most living things

3. For this, I like to say “EU?” “TRUE!” (TRUE nucleus, TRUE organelles)

Plant Animal

Let’s Compare…

Make your own analogy!

For each organelle on the following slides, think of a picture analogy that will help you

to remember the organelle and what it does! You will draw this in the last column

of your organizer.

The first one is already done for you!

Cell MembraneAll Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Structure: - Located on outside of cell. - Made of phospholipid bilayer: phosphates and lipids (fats)

Function: - Determines what goes in/out of cell- Protects and supports cell

CytoplasmAll Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Structure: Jelly-like material found inside cell membrane

Function: Supports and protects cell’s organelles. Contains some nutrients for cell.

Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA Nucleus ONLY in Eukaryotes (Free-floating DNA in Prokaryotes)

Structure: - Has a nuclear membrane to allow materials in and out- Contains genetic material – DNA (chromosomes) which contain instructions for traits- Contains dark central ball called the nucleolus (makes ribosomes)

Function: Directs cell activities.

RibosomesAll Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Structure: - Not bound by a membrane- Cell contains thousands.

- Found on endoplasmic reticulum & freely floating throughout cell

Function: Make protein

Mitochondria

Eukaryotic cells only

Structure: Rod shaped and found throughout cell

Function:- “Powerhouse” of cell- Produces energy from sugar through chemical reactions (Cellular Respiration)

ChloroplastEukaryotic PLANT cells only

Structure:

- Found in plant cells

- Contains green chlorophyll

Function:

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar for plant

Golgi Bodies/Complex/ApparatusAll Eukaryotic Cells

Structure: Made of 5-8 sacs

Function:

- Processes and packages proteins & lipids

- Move materials within the cell and out of the cell in small sac called “vesicle”

Endoplasmic ReticulumAll Eukaryotic Cells

Structure:

- Series of tubes and sacs

- Smooth: without ribosomes

- Rough: with ribosomes

Function: Transports proteins and breaks down drugs in the cell

LysosomeAll Eukaryotic Cells

Structure: Vesicle built by the Golgi bodies

Function:- Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. - “Disposal” of the cell

VacuoleAll Eukaryotic Cells

Structure:- Large & few (plant cell)- Small & many (animal cell)

- Contains water

Function:

- Help plants maintain shape

- Storage, digestion, & waste removal

Cell WallAll Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic PLANT cells only

Structure:Rigid wall found only in plant cells & bacteria cells

Function:Supports & protects cells

How many can you remember?

Left Side HomeworkWrite the following directions in your own

words:

Pick your favorite organelle from our lesson today, and draw that organelle as a

superhero comic book character performing it’s job.

Creativity, coloring, and the job it performs will all be factors in your grade!

Objective: To identify the locations of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organelles.

Bell work: Why is the location of the nucleus important to the function of the cell?

8/24/11 Bacteria, Plant and Animal Cells pg 21

Glue Cells Sheet to pg 22

Now, let’s look at the Bacteria Cell:Color the key (the squares) of the bacteria cell

sheet using the color coding provided.

1. Cell Membrane - purple

2. Cytoplasm - white

3. DNA: free-floating in Bacteria Cells (no nucleus) – orange

4. Ribosome - black

5. Cell Wall – light green

For both the Plant & Animal CellsColor the key (the squares) of BOTH the plant and animal

cells using the color coding provided.1. Cell Membrane - purple2. Cytoplasm - white3. Nucleus (including Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus and Chromosomes/DNA (4/5) are not shown but are still present in plant cells – orange6. Ribosome - black7. Mitochondria - red 8. Vacuole – light blue 9. Golgi Body - yellow10. Endoplasmic Reticulum - dark blue11. Lysosome - pink** Unique to Plant Cells: 12. Chloroplast – dark green13. Cell Wall – light green

Homework for Tonight

Color the cells according to the keys provided. You MAY NOT use colors other than those you were given today. Make sure to review

your organelles.

8/26/11 The Microscope pg 23

Objective: To identify the structures and functions of the microscope and how to use it.

Bell work: What happens to an image when it is seen through a microscope?

History of the Microscope1000 A.D - First use of lenses to view images of Greek & Roman writings1590 – Dutch lens makers Hans & Zacharias Janssen make the first microscope by placing two lenses in a tube1665 - Robert Hooke is first to describe and coin the phrase "cell" when observing a slice of cork using a microscope power of 30X 1675 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek “father of microscopy” uses a simple microscope with one lens and is the first to describe bacteria

Label both the diagram and the function:

• Body Tube - Hollow tube that may hold lenses or mirrors.

• Nosepiece - Holds the objective lenses; rotates to use different lenses.

• Middle Objective - Objective with power of 10x

• Low Objective - Objective with power of 4x (Smallest objective)

• High Objective - Objective with power of 40x (Longest objective)

• Stage Clips - Holds the slide in place • Iris Diaphragm - Controls how much light

shines through• Lamp - Provides the light that shines through

the slide• Eyepiece - The part you look through - also

has a 10x lens in it• Arm - Supports the body tube and makes a

good handle for carrying the microscope• Stage - The place where you set the slide• Coarse Adjustment Knob - Used for finding

stuff under low power, moves the stage up and down, too

• Fine Adjustment Knob - Used for high-power focusing

• Base - Supports the weight of the microscope

How should you ALWAYS carry a microscope?

Tucked in like a football; with one hand under the base and one around the arm.

Eyepiece Magnification Objective Magnification

Total Magnification = (10x) X (# on Objective lens)

Find the Total Magnification for the following objective lenses:

1. objective = 4x

4X10=40 times!

2. objective = 10x

10X10=100 times!

3. objective = 40x

40X10=400 times!

Microscope Review1. Body Tube

2. Nosepiece

3. Middle Objective

4. Low Objective

5. High Objective

6. Stage Clips

7. Iris Diaphragm

8. Lamp

9. Eyepiece

10.Arm

11.Stage

12.Coarse Adjustment Knob

13.Fine Adjustment Knob

14.Base

Objective: To demonstrate proper use of the microscope.

Here’s what a letter “e” from a newspaper might look like on a prepared slide. Use this image to help you answer

the following questions.

Write a Hypothesis on your paper about what you think will happen once you look at the letter “e” through the microscope: We know that microscopes will make images appear larger. What else do you think will happen to the image of the letter “e” when looked at through the microscope?

Microscope “E” Lab

Data and Conclusions:

1. Using the COARSE adjustment knob with the microscope on LOW power, raise the stage until the “e” can be seen clearly. Draw what you see below in the LOW POWER circle. Change the nosepiece to MED/HIGH Power - you’ll notice the “e” is out of focus. DO NOT TOUCH the Coarse Adjustment knob, instead use the FINE adjustment knob to sharpen your picture. Draw what you see in the MED/HIGH power circle.

2. Compare what you see through the eyepiece and the “e” that you see on the stage. Don’t say it looks bigger…look closely! What happened? Why do you think this happened?

3. Looking through the EYEPIECE, move the slide to the upper right area of the stage. What direction does the image move through the eyepiece?

4. How does the ink appear under the microscope compared to normal view?

5. Why do you think a specimen placed under the microscope has to be thin?

6. Was your hypothesis from above supported? Why or why not?

7. How does the letter “e” as seen through the microscope differ from the way an “e” normally appears?

9/19/11 Cellular Exchange – Page 47Sponge: P. 96&100: 1. Explain what happens during the cell cycle.

A cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two new daughter cells.

2. Explain the difference between interphase and cytokinesis.

During interphase, the cell grows and makes copies of its DNA. During cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides and the organelles are distributed into two new cells.

Cellular Transport FoldableFold your paper in half, then half again, then

half again like me!

Open it up. You should have 8 equal-sized squares. Fold the “doors” into the center, so that your paper looks like a window with closed “shutters”. Cut the “shutters” so that you have four total doors.

1 2

3 4

On the front of each door, write the following processes:DOOR 1: OsmosisDOOR 2: DiffusionDOOR 3: Transport ProteinDOOR 4: Transport by EngulfingBehind each door, correctly describe and illustrate the process. Use the textbook pages 80-85 to help you. Worth 100 points and to be TURNED IN tomorrow! Glue them to page 42.

Cellular Transport Foldable

Osmosis & Diffusion LabTomorrow in class you will be participating in a

mini-lab. Today, we are going to begin the lab with the following set-up:

Procedure:1. Fill two beakers ¾ full with water.2. Add salt and stir one beaker until no more

salt will dissolve. There will be some salt left on the bottom of the beaker.

3. Label the beakers with “fresh” or “salt” water.4. Weigh and record the initial weight of a stalk

of celery, a piece of carrot, 2 grapes and 3 raisins and place in each beaker.

5. They will soak in the solutions overnight and we’ll measure them again tomorrow.

Exit Ticket: Lab – page 25

What will happen to the carrots, celery, grapes & raisins in fresh water? What about in the salt

water? Do you expect all of the foods to act the same way?

Explain your answers.

9/8/10 Diffusion and Osmosis LabPage 27

Objective: To understand how cells transport materials

Bell work: Draw or write an analogy for Active and Passive Transport using a bicycle and a hill.

“Cells: The Building Blocks of Life” Movie

Watch the movie segment and answer the questions about cellular processes.

Diffusion and Osmosis LabPage 28

Procedure

1. Using the balance, find and record the mass of each of your vegetables for both the salt water and the fresh water to the nearest tenth of a gram.

2. Record the data in the tables provided.

Exit Ticket – page 27Using the graph paper provided, create two

BAR graphs: one for all salt water produce and one for all fresh water

produce. Each produce item should have two bars comparing initial

and final weight! Please color your bar

graph and also answer any questions on your handout from today’s

lab!

9/9/10 Ecosphere Mystery! Page 29

Objective: Explain what happens during the process of photosynthesis and respiration

Bell work: There is no need to add the nutrients necessary for life. How do the shrimp and algae survive?

Graphic Organizer

Use the following words to fill in the organizer:

Glucose(2) carbon dioxide(2)oxygen(2)

Water(2) photosynthesis sugar

Sunlight mitochondria chloroplast

Energy ATP cellular respiration

Photosynthesis occurs inside the chloroplast of the PLANT cell. It uses the carbon dioxide and water given off by animals along with sunlight to create sugar (also known as glucose) for food as well as oxygen as waste.

Cellular Respiration occurs inside the mitochondria of the ANIMAL and PLANT cells. It uses the Oxygen and Glucose made by PLANTS to create Energy (ATP) for daily cell processes and also creates Carbon Dioxide and Water as waste.

It’s a Cycle!...

The Cycle of Life

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

H2O + CO2 + sunlight => C6H12O6 + O2

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + O2 => H2O + CO2 + ENERGY (ATP)

They’re backwards of one another!!!

Is there life on other planets?You are a crew-member on a space ship that is on an

exploration mission searching for life on other planets. The commander of the ship has sent you and three of your crewmates to the surface of a newly discovered planet. Your mission is to solve a mystery. You must find out what gas the other life forms exhale. Your only clue is a CD video clip of one of the other life forms exhaling through a straw into a clear container labeled “bromothymol blue.” At the beginning of the video clip the solution inside the “bromothymol blue” container is yellow; however, after the other life form exhales into the container for a period of time the “bromothymol blue” solution turns from yellow to blue.

The atmosphere of this new planet is 21% oxygen and does not contain any known toxins so your commander sends you to the surface without a space suit. You and your team are equipped with a solution of bromothymol blue, safety glasses (four pairs), a clear container, a straw and a plastic bag containing water and a sprig of an aquatic plant. Each member of your team has been assigned one of the following roles: documentation officer, timekeeper, peacekeeper, or materials manager. You have 25 minutes from the time of your arrival on the new planet to solve the mystery and ready yourself to return to your ship.

How do we do this?Here are some questions to ask yourself as you

work…1. What color does the bromothymol blue

solution turn in the presence of carbonate water?

2. What color does the bromothymol blue solution turn after you exhale into it for approximately two minutes?

3. What do you think would happen if you put the aquatic plant into the bromothymol blue solution?

4. What gas (or gases) can bromothymol blue serve as an indicator for?

Need more help?

5. What gas do you exhale?

6. What gas do plants give off?

7. How long (in seconds) did you have to exhale into the bromothymol blue solution to elicit a color change?

Is there life on other planets?

What type of gas does the alien life form breathe?

How do you know? Explain, using evidence from your

experiment.

9/10/10 You’re an Organelle! Page 31Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of cell functions by

performing a “play” in which you act as an organelle and work together to complete basic cell functions.

BW:  What did the alien from yesterday’s lab breathe in?  Out?  How do we know?

You’re an organelle!Task 1 (You will have 15-20 minutes to complete this.)

1. You will be assigned an organelle that you will pick out of a basket.

2. Using your textbook (pages 60-67), write a sentence answering each of the following questions on your notes page. Be sure you understand your job as you will have to act the part!

1. What is my job in the cell?

2. What do I look like?

3. Where in the cell would you find me?

3. On your construction paper, write the name of your organelle and draw a large picture of it. Carefully add your string and wear it!

The Plot (acting out the play 10-15 minutes):We are now going to perform the roles of the

individual organelles. In our play so far, what organelle is missing

and what is its job?I’M THE NUCLEUS and I direct the cell’s

activities!! Scenario: First we’ll make FOOD inside the

plant cell, and then when an animal eats the plant, we’ll use that food to make ENERGY or ATP during cellular respiration! Then we’ll use that energy to make protein!

You’re an organelle!

You’re an organelle!

Mini-Lesson:Why is the location of the organelle within the cell

important?

Exit Tickets

1) Compare the process of photosynthesis to the process of baking a cake.

2) What organelle uses the food made during photosynthesis to produce energy?

3) Describe the relationship between the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and the ribosomes.