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PRODUCTS

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

2008

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Nuclear Medicine: Introduction

PTW-Freiburg is an internationally operating company, manufacturing and marketing specialized dosimetry and qualitycontrol equipment for the medical radiology market. Founded in 1922, the company is located in Freiburg on the westernside of the famous Black Forest mountains in southwestern Germany.

Our History

In 1922, twenty-seven years after Roentgen discovered the X-rays, Professor Hammer from the Physics Institute of Freiburg University founded PTW to produce and market his development of an X-ray dosemeter based on the electrostaticrelais, a revolutionary new electromechanical component for measuring very small electrical charges.

In 1927, Dr. Herbert Pychlau took over the company and developed it during four decades into an internationally recognizedmanufacturer of quality dosemeters for medical radiology.

PTW has developed and manufactured many generations of up-to-date products over the years, based on the newest technology. The company has grown continuously.

PTW Freiburg’s production and office area covers a total of more than 6.970 m2 today. PTW employs a staff of 230 all overthe world. The company, which scores steady growth, is the recognized market leader in radiation medicine dosimetry today.

Our Operations

PTW-Freiburg designs, develops, manufactures and distributes high quality dosimetry and QC equipment mainly for use inthe medical field, especially in radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine. The development and production of mechanical, electronic and software components are all done in house. We have a well-equipped and modernworkshop with 6 CNC machines. Our products, especially the PTW ionization chambers, are well known throughout theworld and are recognized for their workmanship and high level of quality. PTW-Freiburg is the market leader in its majorproduct lines.

The PTW distribution is organized internationally. A number of exclusive PTW representations are established in many coun-tries around the world. In 1995, the PTW New York Corporation was established to improve our service to customers in Americaand to distribute and service PTW products all over the American continent. In January 2002, PTW-France was established fol-lowed later on by PTW-Asia Pacific, PTW-Beijing and PTW-Latin America.

PTW-Freiburg runs an accredited secondary standard dosimetry laboratory. We perform radiological calibrations for dosemeters used in radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology and health physics, which are directly traceable to the primarystandard. Our calibration lab provides a complete range of radiological calibrations from low X-ray energies up to 60Co and from low to high dose rates.

We cooperate closely with official public agencies worldwide, and we participate actively in national and international workgroups for the standardization of devices and procedures for dose measurement and quality control in medical radiology.

Our Company Philosophy

From the very beginning, PTW-Freiburg’s products have been optimized for practicability, precision and quality. All dosemeters are thoroughly tested in radiation beams, and calibration certificates are attached to every dosemeter.

Thanks to the constant improvement of our quality standards and internal procedures, our quality assurance system was cer-tified in 1995 as compliant with the standards ISO 9001 and EN 46001. Our medical products are CE marked according to theEuropean Medical Device Directive and they are FDA 510(k) approved (if applicable). The calibration laboratories are part ofthe quality management system of PTW-Freiburg.

We at PTW-Freiburg are proud to work with our customers as a competent and reliable partner. We provide you with prod-ucts, support and service in line with good manufacturing practice, with the added touch of personal attention from ourmotivated staff. We constantly strive to improve the international presence and reputation of PTW-Freiburg.

We intend to continue our efforts in the future as we did in the past to develop the most useful, most reliable and highestquality products possible. Our commitment to maximum customer satisfaction will remain unchanged.

For more details please visit our website at www.ptw.de

Let us introduce ourselves

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Contents

Introduction 4

Isotope Calibrators 5

Quality Control 11

Radiation Monitoring 21

PET Laboratories 27

Product Indices 34

Nuclear Medicine: Contents

Since the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Röntgen anduranium radioactivity in 1896 by Becquerel, the use ofionizing radiation in medicine has undergone fascinatingdevelopment. Nuclear medicine started in 1937 with thefirst clinical use of “artificial radioactivity” for treating apatient with leukemia. Today there are nearly one hundreddifferent nuclear medicine procedures that provide infor-mation about virtually every major organ system withinthe body. Modern computer based techniques such as PET(Positron Emission Tomography) and SPECT (SinglePhoton Emission Computed Tomography) offer methodsfor diagnostic imaging that are unique by documentingdynamic organ function and structure.

PET is rapidly becoming a major diagnostic imagingmodality. PET images demonstrate the chemistry oforgans and other tissues such as tumors. A radiopharma-ceutical, especially FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose), markedwith the positron emitting isotope 18F, is injected into thepatient’s body and its emissions are measured by a PETscanner.

SPECT, like PET, acquires information on the concentra-tion of radionuclides introduced to patient’s body byrotating a photon detector array around the body. SPECTscanners offer less imaging resolution compared to PET,but the availability of radiopharmaceuticals, particularlyfor the brain and head and the practical and economicaspects make this mode of emission tomography attrac-tive for clinical studies of the brain.

Scintigraphy with planar gamma cameras and with thy-roid uptake measuring equipment are further helpfulmethods in nuclear medicine.

Besides the diagnostic procedures more and more therapymethods are used in nuclear medicine. From the begin-ning, patients with thyroid cancer were treated with 131I.Quite a number of further therapy procedures are avail-able today.

Nuclear medicine uses very small amounts of radioactivematerials or radiopharmaceuticals to diagnose and treatdiseases. Nevertheless the radiopharmaceuticals emit ioni-zing radiation to which patients and operating staff canbe exposed unintentionally. To avoid unnecessary irradia-tion and to fulfill international regulations, appropriatehandling and shielding facilities must be available andradiation measurement and quality control procedures fordetermination, recording and evaluation are mandatory innuclear medicine.

International Standards and Regulations in Nuclear MedicineIEC 60789 Characteristics and test conditions of radionuclide imagingdevices – Anger type gamma camera

IEC 61145 Calibration and usage of ionization chamber systems for assayof radionuclides

IEC 61675-1 Radionuclide imaging devices – Characteristics and testconditions – Part 1: Positron emission tomographs

IEC 61675-2 Radionuclide imaging devices – Characteristics and testconditions – Part 2: Single photon emission computed tomographs

IEC 61675-3 Radionuclide imaging devices – Characteristics and testconditions – Part 3: Gamma camera-based whole-body imaging systems

National Electrical Manufacturers Association, USANEMA Standards Publication NU2-2007Performance Measurements of Positron Emission Tomographs

CEC Concerted Action Project,Methodologies for Performance Evaluation of Positron Emission Tomographs, J Nucl Biol Med; 35: 141-157

European Council Directive 97/43/EURATOM of 30 June 1997 on healthprotection of individuals against the danger of ionizing radiation in rela-tion to medical exposure

ICRP 60, International Commission on Radiation Protection, Report #60

Nuclear MedicineBasics

Nuclear Medicine: Introduction

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Nuclear Medicine: Isotope Calibrators

5

Isotope Calibrators

Isotope Calibrators

CURIEMENTOR 3 Isotope Calibrator 7

CURIEMENTOR 4 Isotope Calibrator 7

PET CURIEMENTOR 4 8

Radioactive Check Device 8

Ionization Chamber Lead Shielding 9

CURIEMENTOR Accessories 9

CURIEMENTOR Label Printer 10

Nuclear medicine procedures use many different radioac-tive isotopes for radiation diagnostics and for therapy. Theamount of radioactivity has to be determined exactlybefore it is applied to a patient. The isotope calibratorshave to measure the radioactivity of gamma and betaemitting isotopes with different energies precisely for highquality imaging and for applying the right amount ofradiation to treat disease. They must be able to measurelow isotope activities for patient application and highactivities during isotope production. The isotope calibra-tors should allow easy and fast operation in routine workas well as quick and effective cleaning in case of contam-ination. Continuous quality control of isotope calibratorsis mandatory according to international standards andguidelines such as IEC 61303 “Medical electrical equip-ment – Radionuclide calibrators – Particular methods fordescribing performance”. Those methods include back-ground measurement, accuracy, reproducibility and lin-earity checks as well as contamination tests. All theseparameters influence the quality of activity measurementsand consequently the radiation load for the patients. Thehigh quality PTW isotope calibrators assist responsiblestaffs in nuclear medicine laboratories to perform preciseactivity measurements and to fulfill the IRCP 60 require-ment to keep the radiation load as low as achievable forpatients.

Isotope CalibratorsNuclear Medicine: Isotope Calibrators

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Standard isotope calibrator for radio-nuclide activity measurement in nuclearmedicine and intravascular brachytherapy

FeaturesCombines modern technology with user friendly,straight-forward operation

Stores calibration factors for all isotopes used innuclear medicine with direct access to five of them

Features auto-start, auto-print and auto-reset functions

Complies with IEC 61145

The CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator enables users tomeasure activity of radioactive isotopes as used for allmedical applications in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclearmedicine and in intravascular brachytherapy. Great impor-tance has been attached to the design of the instrument tofocus on the needs of operators. The display and keyboardpanel with its flat keys are specially designed for intuitivehandling and easy cleaning in case of contamination. Themeasuring results can either be displayed in Bq, Ci or in A.The pressurized well-type ionization chamber has nearly4π measuring geometry and connects to the display unitby a 1.5 m connection cable, which makes it possible toshield the chamber separately. A radioactive check deviceis available to check the proper performance of thedevice regularly. The display unit is supplied with anRS232 interface. A printer can be connected optionally.The printing mode can be set for labels or endless-paperon the CURIEMENTOR display unit.

Ordering InformationL981108 CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator 115/230 V

incl. display unit, chamber and liner

L981141 CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator 115/230 V with wall mount display unit, incl. chamber and liner

Options pages 8 to 10

Deluxe isotope calibrator for radionuclideactivity measurement in nuclear medicineand intravascular brachytherapy

FeaturesState-of-the-art development of an isotope calibrator

Stores calibration factors for all isotopes used innuclear medicine with direct access to thirty of them

Displays measuring results continuously for isotopeswith very short half-value time

Provides data logging and data transfer via an RS232interface


The CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator is a highlysophisticated instrument for activity measurements innuclear medicine including PET. It includes and exceedsthe features of the CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator.The user has direct access to 30 different isotope calibra-tions. When measuring isotopes with rapid decay, the dis-played measuring values are updated each half second,which provides continuous display. 18F activities of up to92 GBq for PET applications can be measured. Up to 140measuring results including administrative data can bestored internally. The features with respect to the chamberdesign, check device, RS232 interface and printer optionare identical with the CURIEMENTOR 3 features.

Ordering InformationL981142 CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator 115/230 V

incl. display unit, chamber and liner

L981144 CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator 115/230 Vwith wall mount display unit, incl. chamber and liner


CURIEMENTOR® 3Isotope Calibrator

CURIEMENTOR® 4Isotope Calibrator

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Isotope calibrator for high activitymeasurement in PET nuclide production

FeaturesMeasures high activities in PET nuclide production

Displays measuring results continuously for isotopeswith very short half-life time

Stores the nuclide calibration factors non-volatile

Features auto-start, auto-print and auto-reset functions


The process for the production of nuclides used for appli-cations in PET (positron emission tomography) createshigh nuclide activities. Especially the production of the 18Fisotope, which is included in the FDG radiopharmaceutical(fluordeoxyglucose), and the 15O isotope require an isotopecalibrator suited for high activity measurement. The PETCURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator includes a well ioniza-tion chamber with argon gas filling at 1,5 bar pressure. Thegeometrical design of the PET chamber is identical to thestandard chamber design. The 18F measuring range is from0.1 MBq to 350 GBq. The system measures and displays theactivity of nuclides with very short half-life time continu-ously. The PET isotope calibrator consists of a T33007 PETionization chamber and a CURIEMENTOR 4 display unit.The chamber cable length is 3 m. The PET isotope calibra-tor is calibrated for high activity measurement. The use ofthe CURIEMENTOR 3 or CURIEMENTOR 4 standard units isrecommended for low and medium activity measurements.

Ordering InformationL981946 PET CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator 115/230V;

incl. PET well chamber, display unit and liner


137Cs check source for CURIEMENTORperformance checks, including shieldedstorage container

FeaturesChecks the consistent performance of isotope calibra-tors

Includes 137Cs nuclide with a long life span

Classified for class C.23323 according to ISO 2919

Comes in a stable wooden case with handle and internal lead shielding

The sealed radioactive 137Cs check source of 3.7 MBq (100 µCi) activity is designed for routine checking of isotope calibrators to detect instability. The gamma emit-ting 137Cs nuclide of 662 keV with 30.17 years half-lifehas a long live span, so that only little correction fordecay is required. The source matches the form of thesamples to be assayed. It consists of an outer plastic (PVC)holder, shaped to resemble a 10 ml multidose vial, type P6(diameter 20 mm, height 57 mm). This contains the 137Cssource, which is incorporated in a ceramic pellet andwelded in a stainless steel capsule. The shape of the sourceenables easy handling using forceps.

The radioactive source is supplied in a wooden containerwith integral lead shielding of 25 mm thickness for radia-tion protected storage and transport. The source shouldonly be removed from the case for isotope calibratorchecks. The external case dimensions are 20 cm diameterand 22 cm height.

The source is classified according to ISO 2919 and equiva-lent to class C.23323. Please observe national regulationsfor transport and use of radioactive material. Before ship-ment, we need confirmation certifying that the purchaseris allowed to handle the radioactive source.

Ordering InformationL971001 Radioactive check device for CURIEMENTOR

CURIEMENTOR Isotope Calibrators pages 7 and 8

CURIEMENTOR® 4PET System

RadioactiveCheck Device

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Sectional lead rings for radiation shiel-ding of the CURIEMENTOR ionizationchamber

FeaturesMakes it possible to shield the CURIEMENTOR chamber type T33003 and T33007 separately

Protects measurements against falsification by external radioactive sources

Protects operating staff against irradiation fromradioactive sources inside the ion chamber

The separation of the CURIEMENTOR ionization chamberand the display unit makes it possible to fit a lead shield-ing around the chamber. This concept ensures optimumradiation protection. The operating staff are not exposedto radiation during the measurement of activity placed inthe chamber well, and other radioactive sources in thevicinity of the chamber cannot falsify the measurement.

The dimensions of the assembled shielding are:

Outside diameter: 163 mmHeight: 123 mmLead wall thickness: 40 mm

An additional cap model T33003.1.132 can be used toclose the shielding completely.

Ordering Information T33003.1.130 CURIEMENTOR lead shield

OptionT33003.1.132 CURIEMENTOR lead shield, cap


Optional accessories for sample positioning inside the well chamber ofCURIEMENTOR isotope calibrators

FeaturesLead shielding checks the 99Mo breakthrough

Plastic liners accommodate measuring samples

The lead absorber T33003.1.140 accommodates 99mTc sam-ples to check a possible molybdenum breakthrough of99mTc generators. It absorbs the low-energy 99mTc radiationtotally, but not the high-energy 99Mo radiation.

Plastic liners are used to insert measuring samples such asvials and syringes into the well chamber.

Ordering InformationT33003.1.140 Lead absorber for Mo breakthrough testT33003.1.110 Plastic liner


Ionization ChamberLead Shielding

CURIEMENTOR®

Accessories

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Thermal printer for printingCURIEMENTOR measuring results on labels

FeaturesPrints CURIEMENTOR results on label paper

Printing is automatically controlled by theCURIEMENTOR isotope calibrator

Connects to the CURIEMENTOR 3 or CURIEMENTOR 4 display units

To print the measuring data of the CURIEMENTOR 3 andCURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrators on paper labels, thesuitable printer can be connected to the display unit via aserial interface. The user has the possibility to print themeasuring results including administrative data on self-adhesive stickers of a thermal paper roll. The width of thepaper roll is 58 mm. The label size is 50 mm x 25 mm. Theprinter is connected to the mains via a power supply,which is included in the delivery.

Ordering InformationL991056 Thermal label printer

including power supply (100 ... 230) VL178048 Connection cable between printer and

CURIEMENTOR isotope calibratorL502076 Roll with 750 self-adhesive stickers


CURIEMENTOR®

Label Printer

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Quality Control

Quality Control Equipment

PET Cylinder Phantom acc NEMA NU2-2007 13

PET Sensitivity Phantom acc NEMA NU2-2007 13

PET Emission Phantom acc NEMA NU2-2007 14

SPECT Phantom acc IEC 61675-2 14

PET Emission Phantom acc CEC Project 15

PET Emission Phantom acc IEC 61675-1 15

Dynamic Heart Phantom 16

Animal PET QC Phantoms 16

Standard SPECT Phantom 17

Thyroid Uptake Neck Phantom 17

Flood Phantoms for QC of Gamma Cameras 18

Flood Phantom Positioning Carts 19

ATW3 Shielded Transportation Cart 19

Tungsten Bar Phantom for Gamma Camera QC 20

QUASI 3 Orthogonal Hole Phantoms 20

Nuclear Medicine: Quality Control

Today nuclear medicine is a well-established imagingmodality in many medical fields such as neurology, cardi-ology and oncology and provides functional informationabout specific organs. Nuclear medicine diagnostic appli-cations are growing fast and modern technologies resultin increased imaging quality.

New CdTe and CdZnTe solid-state detectors replace theNaI scintillation crystals since they provide higher spatialresolution and enhanced contrast of nuclear medicinegamma cameras.

There has also been notable technical progress in singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT) by usingnew detector technologies combined with improved colli-mator design such as multiple-pinhole SPECT imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides an alterna-tive to the use of collimators to form images. Considerableprogress has been achieved in the design of PET scannersand thus led to an increase in the use of PET in clinicalresearch and practice. Modern hybrid systems combinePET and CT for image fusion, and specialized PET scan-ners are designed for small animal diagnosis.

The complex techniques of modern nuclear medicineimaging systems require sophisticated test equipment forregular quality control. The test tools must be adapted tothe different imaging techniques according to interna-tional standards and national guidelines such as IEC orNEMA standards. Specialized phantoms are availablefrom PTW for quality control procedures of nuclear medi-cine imaging devices:

Gamma cameras for planar scintigraphy are tested by flood phantoms, tungsten bar phantoms andorthogonal hole phantoms

SPECT systems are tested by body shaped phantomswith test inserts

PET scanners are tested by body-shaped phantomswith test inserts and by NEMA cylinder and tubephantoms

Cardiology procedures are tested by the dynamic heart phantom

Animal PET systems are tested by the appropriatephantoms

Thyroid uptake systems are tested by a thyroid mimicking neck phantom

Quality Controlin Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine: Quality Control

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Nuclear Medicine: Quality Control Equipment

Cylinder phantom with line source tubefor quality control of positron emissiontomographs (PET scanners)

FeaturesEnables users to perform scatter fraction, count lossand random measurements on PET scanners

Consists of a long polyethylene cylinder with aneccentric line source tube

Complies with Section 4 of NEMA standard NU2-2007

One purpose of the test procedure based on the PET cylin-der phantom is to measure the relative system sensitivityof positron emission tomographs to scattered radiation.Another purpose is to measure the effects of system dead-time and the generation of random events at several levelsof source activity. The phantom used for these purposes isa polyethylene cylinder of 700 mm length and 200 mmoutside diameter. A plastic tube homogeneously filledwith 18F liquid is inserted into a bore hole for the meas-urement at a distance of 45 mm parallel to the centralaxis. This line source has an outside diameter of approx. 5 mm and a length of approx. 800 mm. The measurementsetup, data collection and analysis are described inSection 4 of the NEMA standard NU2-2007.

Ordering InformationL991204 PET Cylinder phantom acc NEMA NU2-2007,

Section 4

Sensitivity tube phantom with line sourcetube for quality control of positron emission tomographs (PET scanners)

FeaturesEnables users to measure sensitivity on PET scanners

Consists of five metal sleeves with different diametersand a line source tube

Complies with Section 5 of NEMA standard NU2-2007

The purpose of the test procedure based on the PET sensi-tivity phantom is to measure the sensitivity or ability ofpositron emission tomographs to detect positrons. Thephantom used for this purpose is a set of five metal tubesof 700 mm length and 2.5 mm wall thickness each. The outside diameters are 9.5 mm, 12.7 mm, 15.9 mm,19.1 mm and 22.2 mm. A plastic tube homogeneouslyfilled with 18F liquid is inserted for the measurement. Thisline source has an outside diameter of approx. 5 mm and alength of approx. 800 mm. Successive measurements aremade by accumulating the sleeve wall thickness with theuniform line source surrounded by known absorbers.From these measurements, the sensitivity withoutabsorbers can be extrapolated to arrive at an attenuationfree measurement. The measurement setup, data collec-tion and analysis are described in section 5 of the NEMA standard NU2-2007.

Ordering InformationL991205 PET Sensitivity phantom acc NEMA NU2-2007,

Section 5

PET Cylinder Phantomacc NEMA NU2-2007

PET Sensitivity Phantomacc NEMA NU2-2007

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Body-mimicking emission phantom forrealistic quality control of PET scan-ners acc NEMA NU2-2007

FeaturesSimulates realistic conditions by utilizing a body-shaped acrylic vessel

Includes a cover with six spherical inserts and an absorber

Inserts can be filled and emptied from outside

Complies with Section 7 of NEMA NU2-2007

The PET Emission Phantom L981606 complies with thephantom design of the NEMA standard NU2-2007. Thephantom is described in Section 7 “Image quality, accu-racy of attenuation and scatter corrections.” It has thesame asymmetric shape as the CEC and the IEC bodyphantom and simulates the human body in the range ofthorax and abdomen. A circular cover with six mounted,hollow glass spheres completes the phantom. The inneractive diameters of the spheres are 10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm,22 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm and the wall thickness isapprox. 1 mm. The hollow spheres can be filled with waterfor cold lesion imaging and with 18F for hot lesion imag-ing. They can be filled or emptied easily from outside withthe help of a syringe. To simulate the attenuation of alung, a cylindrical insert of 50 mm outside diameter isattached to the center of the cover with hollow spheres.

Ordering InformationL981606 PET emission phantom,

complete set acc NEMA NU2-2007

OptionL522020 Storage and carrying case

Body-mimicking emission phantom forrealistic quality control of SPECTscanners acc IEC 61675-2

FeaturesIncludes a head phantom with 200 mm outside diameter

Includes a cover to insert point and line sources


Complies with IEC 61675-2

The SPECT emission phantom is an acrylic cylinder of 200 mm outside diameter and an active length of 190 mm.It simulates the head and can be supplied with a circularcover to insert point and line sources. The sources areintroduced via three thin wall acrylic tubes of 7 mm diam-eter that are placed in the center and at distances of 45 mm and 90 mm from the center. If the tubes are not inuse, they can be filled with scattering material. There arethree point source holders of lengths 100 mm, 120 mmand 140 mm for placing small point sources at their tips.The line source is a glass capillary with 1 mm diameter,which is filled by a syringe.

Ordering InformationL981607 SPECT emission phantom,

complete set acc IEC 61675-2

OptionL522020 Storage and carrying case

PET Emission Phantomacc NEMA NU2-2007

SPECT Phantom acc IEC 61675-2

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Body-mimicking emission phantom forrealistic quality control of PET scannersacc CEC Concerted Action Project

FeaturesSimulates realistic conditions by utilizing body-shaped acrylic vessels

Includes covers with various inserts


Complies with the European PET Instrumentation Program

The PET emission phantom L981602 was published by atask group of the Commission of the European Community(CEC Concerted Action Project). The phantom has beendeveloped in line with the philosophy that assessment of aclinical measuring system should always be made underthe most realistic conditions possible to imitate thepatient’s influence as an absorbing and scattering medium.One of the circular covers with different inserts may bemounted to the head phantom H or to the body phantom B,with a water tight seal in all cases. The possibility of fillingand emptying the inserts and phantom from outside is oneof the main advantages of this phantom.

The package includes:

Body phantom B with two arms attached

Head phantom H

Cover D with three cylinders, each 50 mm in diameterfor different absorbing material

Cover E with six spheres of 10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm,22 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm inner active diameter

Blind cover G without inserts,

Cover M with point, line and scatter sources

Cover R with a rod source of 21 mm inner diameter

Heart phantom C

Carrying and storage case


complete set acc CEC project

OptionT43004.1.012 Lung equivalent insert

Body-mimicking emission phantom forrealistic quality control of PET scan-ners acc IEC 61675-1

FeaturesSimulates realistic conditions by utilizing body-shaped acrylic vessels

Includes covers with various inserts


Complies with IEC 61675-1

The international standard IEC 61675-1 adopted theproven concept of the PET emission phantom according tothe European PET program. The major components areidentical with the PET phantom based on the Europeanstandard. They realistically simulate a patient during aPET examination in the same manner and fulfill therequirements of the IEC standard.

The package includes:

Body phantom B with two arms attached

Head phantom H

Cover D with three cylinders, each 50 mm in diameter for different absorbing material

Cover E with six spheres of 10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 22 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm inner active diameter

Blind cover G without inserts

Cover M with point, line and scatter sources

Carrying and storage case


complete set acc IEC 61675-1

OptionT43004.1.012 Lung equivalent insert

PET Emission Phantomacc CEC Project

PET Emission Phantomacc IEC 61675-1

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Dynamic Heart Phantom simulating theleft heart ventricle for quality control ofimaging systems in NM, CT and MRI

FeaturesValidates the evaluation programs of imaging systemsin nuclear cardiology

Simulates realistically the cardiac action of the leftventricle by a pump station

Fits into the body-shaped PET and SPECT phantoms

The Dynamic Heart Phantom is designed for validationand optimization of diagnostic imaging systems in nuclearmedicine cardiology. It is based on a twin membrane,which simulates the left ventricle realistically. A pumpingstation compresses and decompresses the inner membranewith variable heartbeat simulation and pump volume. Thepumping frequency can be controlled up to 70 cycles perminute. The cardiac volumes can be filled with active orinactive liquids and thus the heart contraction process andthe variation of the ventricle wall thickness can be deter-mined for the imaging system to be checked. An ECG trig-gering at the moments of systole and diastole is available.

Optionally the Dynamic Heart Phantom can firmly bemounted into a body-shaped thorax phantom according to IEC and NEMA, consequently providing realistic simu-lation of the heart function to evaluate the processes in-fluencing realistic imaging such as the application of algo-rithms for attenuation correction.

Ordering InformationL991356 Dynamic Heart Phantom

PET Phantoms pages 14 and 15

Acrylic phantoms for quality control ofanimal PET scanners and of pinholeSPECT systems

FeaturesCheck the performance of animal PET and pinholeSPECT systems

Include a number of fillable holes

Phantoms are divided into five segments with differ-ent hole diameters and hole distances

The animal PET phantoms are designed for checking theperformance of small animal PET scanners and pinholeSPECT systems in the limit ranges of resolution and imagequality. The animal PET phantoms consist of an acryliccylinder accommodating a number of holes with variousdiameters, which can be filled with radioactive liquid. Thecircular phantoms are divided into five segments with dif-ferent hole specifications. The hole diameters are 1.0 mm,1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm, and the hole dis-tances are 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 6.0 mm, 8.0 mm and 9.0 mm.All holes in each segment are interconnected to ensureregular liquid dispersion. The segments in general havetwo filling holes each to introduce cannulas for activityfilling, only the largest segment of phantom 50/106 hasfour filling holes. So in total, phantom 100/57 has 10 fill-ing holes and phantom 50/106 has 12. The long projec-tions in the picture above are the cannulas. Two modelsare available:

Model 50/106 has a field of view of 50 mm in lengthand 106 mm in diameter. The total number of holes is298. The total height of the phantom incl. cannulas is120 mm. The total diameter incl. flanges is 130 mm.

Model 100/57 has a field of view of 100 mm in lengthand 57 mm in diameter. The total number of holes is54. The total height of the phantom incl. cannulas is160 mm. The total diameter incl. flanges is 84 mm.

Ordering InformationL991357 Animal PET phantom model 50/106L991358 Animal PET phantom model 100/57

DynamicHeart Phantom

Animal PETQC Phantoms

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Compact acrylic phantom for qualitycontrol of SPECT systems

FeaturesChecks the resolution by acrylic rods of differentdiameters

Checks the contrast by acrylic spheres of differentdiameters

Checks the inhomogeneity by homogeneous radioactivity distribution

The standard SPECT phantom is used for the determinationof the tomographic specifications of SPECT systems. Thephantom consists of a circular acrylic vessel of 200 mmdiameter and 214 mm height including various test inserts.Three parameters can be checked simultaneously duringone measuring cycle:

The tomographic resolution is tested by a number ofacrylic rods of different diameters located in six phan-tom sections. The rod diameters are 4.0 / 6.0 / 8.0 /10.0 / 12.0 and 15.0 mm.

The tomographic contrast is tested by six fully acrylicspheres with diameters of 9.5 / 14.4 / 19.0 / 25.4 / 31.8and 38.1 mm, simulating cold spots.

The tomographic inhomogeneity is checked by aphantom volume with homogeneously distributedradioactive liquid. The height of the homogeneousvolume is 26 mm.

The cover plate is sealed and firmly screwed to the phan-tom body. The phantom can be air-free filled throughopenings in the cover plate, which are sealed after the fill-ing procedure. Flanges on the cover and bottom platesmake it possible to roll the phantom and intermix theradioactive liquid.

The phantom wall thickness is 3 mm, and the thickness ofthe cover and bottom plates is 12 mm each. The totalweight of the liquid filled phantom is 6.3 kg.

Ordering InformationL991359 Standard SPECT phantom

Cylindric polyethylene phantom for rea-listic simulation of a thyroid for qualitycontrol of uptake measuring devices

FeaturesSimulates the thyroid with neck realisticallyMade of polyethylene instead of acrylic glassCan be used with a vial, a test tube or a capsule with radioactive material

The thyroid uptake neck phantom is used to check theproper performance of uptake measuring devices by simu-lating a thyroid in its anatomic position with respect torealistic absorption and scattering conditions in tissue.The phantom consists of a polyethylene cylinder (130 mmdiameter by 120 mm height) and two inserts. Polyethylenewith a density of 0.96 g/cm3 imitates the absorption andscattering conditions more realistically than acrylic mate-rial.

The eccentric hole in the phantom cylinder accommodatestwo inserts to measure the initial pulse rate of radioactivematerial in a vial, a test tube or a capsule. The position ofthe thyroid in the phantom and by this the source distancecan be varied by turning one of the inserts, supplied withan eccentric hole. There are mark lines on the phantomsurface as an adjustment aid. The holes have the followingdimensions:

Hole in the phantom body:52 mm diameter by 94 mm height

Hole in the insert for a test tube: 33 mm diameter by 97 mm height

Hole in the insert for a capsule:8 mm diameter by 97 mm height

The total weight of the phantom with inserts is approx. 1.5 kg.

Ordering InformationL991220 Thyroid uptake neck phantom

StandardSPECT Phantom

Thyroid Uptake Neck Phantom

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Rigid flood phantoms with built-in circulation pump for system inhomo-geneity tests of gamma cameras

FeaturesUtilize an integrated circulating pump for automaticfluid mixing to guarantee a homogenous activity distribution

Reduce contamination risk thanks to a compact,closed system

Various sizes for the most types of gamma cameras areavailable

Comply with IEC 60789

The purpose of the phantoms is the generation of correc-tion matrices and the performance of regular constancytests of the system inhomogeneity, the most importantparameter for quality control of gamma cameras. Theflood phantoms of the FP series are available in variousdimensions for different detector sizes. They have someunique features for measuring precisely, saving time andprotecting users against radiation exposition: The cuvettewall thickness of 20 mm and a defined extension volumeensure stable geometry and high measuring precisionwhen using the filled phantom. The activity of the test iso-tope is distributed homogeneously in the filling volume ofdistilled water by a built-in circulating pump. The specialchamber design of the cuvette volume provides for a bub-ble-free field of view.

Due to a special composite design, deformation caused bypermanent water contact is avoided. Emptying the phan-tom body after examination is not necessary.

Ordering InformationFlood phantomsL991206 Model FP47 for 24 cm x 40 cm field of viewL991211 Model FP67S for 40 cm x 54 cm field of viewL991256 Model FP73 for Siemens Body Scan

Flood Phantom Positioning Carts page 19ATW3 Shielded Transportation Cart page 19

Flood Phantom Applications

Gamma Camera Model

PhilipsPrism 1000Prism 1500Prism 2000Prism 3000AXISIRIXBright viewForteSkylightVertexArgus EpicCardio EpicGenesys EpicSolus Epic

General ElectricMillennium MPRMillennium MPSOptima-NXHawk Eye

General Electric (Elscint)Vari CamSPX HelixSPX CardialSPX 6SPX 4

General Electric (SMV/Sopha)Vision DST XLVision DSXVision FX Vision FX 40Vision FX 80Vision DS7

SiemensE.CamMultispect 2Multispect 3DiacamOrbiterBody Scan

MedisoX-Ring RX-Ring C

Flood Phantoms forQC of Gamma Cameras

18

Flood PhantomModel

FP67SFP67SFP67SFP47FP67SFP67SFP67S FP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67S

FP67SFP67SFP47FP67S

FP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67S

FP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67S

FP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP67SFP73

FP67SFP67S


Mobile trestles to position flood phan-toms in relation to gamma cameras forhomogeneity tests

FeaturesEnsure precise, stable and reproducible positioning ofFP flood phantoms in relation to gamma cameras

The trestles are mobile and handling is easy

Three standard solutions are available

Because of their substantial weight including water filling, especially the large flood phantoms require anappropriate mobile device for precise and reproduciblepositioning.

Model PW67S:The PW67S positioning cart is a mobile trestle with framefor positioning the flood phantom model FP67S in rela-tion to the Philips gamma cameras types PRISM 1500,AXIS, IRIX, Forte and Skylight, the Siemens gamma cam-era type E.Cam and the Mediso gamma cameras types X-Ring R and X-Ring C.

Shielding device:For shielding the flood phantom after examination thereis a lead shielded cover device available which can turnedover the phantom.

Additionally an optional floor shield can adapted.

Model HR67S:The HR67S holding frame is an economic alternative toposition the FP67S flood phantom in relation to Philipsgamma cameras types PRISM 1000 and PRISM 2000.

Other types of gamma cameras require individual solutions.

Ordering InformationL991215 Positioning cart model PW67S L991253 PW67S shielding deviceL991254 Floor shieldL991255 Holding frame model HR67S

Flood Phantoms for QC of Gamma Cameras page 18

Shielded cart for the storage and transport of up to two flood phantoms,filled with radionuclide activated water

FeaturesStores flood phantoms with radioactive filling forshielded decay after use

Includes two compartments for simultaneous storageof up to two flood phantoms of any type

Charging and discharging can be done from top andfrom one side.

The shielded transportation cart ATW3 is used for easytransportation and radiation-protected storage of up totwo flood phantoms of the FP flood phantom series.Phantoms up to the size of the FP67S flood phantom canbe stored after use. This keeps the filling in the floodphantoms and the radioactive test isotope can decay overtime. The emptying and refilling of the flood phantomsare avoided. The interior space of the cart is divided intotwo compartments by a dividing wall, ensuring that theflood phantoms cannot damage each other in case of dou-ble load. Charging and discharging can be done from topafter having opened the cover flap as well as laterally afterhaving opened the side door.

The cart is equipped with a 3 mm lead shielding in alldirections. This is destined for safe storage of flood phan-toms with radioactive fillings that have not decayed yet.Large castors make the cart easy to move. The weight isapprox. 95 kg.

Ordering InformationL991214 Shielded transportation cart model ATW3

Flood Phantoms for QC of Gamma Cameras page 18

Flood PhantomPositioning Carts

ATW3 ShieldedTransportation Cart

19


Tungsten bar phantom for spatial resolution and linearity tests of planargamma cameras

FeaturesChecks the spatial resolution and the linearity of pla-nar gamma camera images in nuclear medicine

Ensures high precision by utilizing tungsten cast bars

Includes four resolution quadrants

Suitable for all current gamma camera models

The unique bar phantom uses tungsten bars instead oflead bars to achieve higher precision in spatial resolutionand linearity tests of gamma cameras with planar scintil-lation crystal. The phantom consists of four quadrantswith different bar specification:

Quadrant Number Bar width Bar lengthof bars and spacing

Quadrant 1 41 3.2 mm 190 mmQuadrant 2 24 4.0 mm 260 mmQuadrant 3 28 4.8 mm 190 mmQuadrant 4 15 6.4 mm 260 mm

The tungsten bar thickness is 5 mm and the density is 10 g/cm3. The orientation from quadrant to quadrant is90° rotated. The cast tungsten bars are embedded in theacrylic phantom body of 1.19 g/cm3 density. The largesize bar phantom offers optimum test conditions for allcurrent gamma camera models.

The external dimensions are 54 cm x 40 cm x 1.75 cm andthe weight is approx. 6 kg. Customized versions are avail-able upon request.

Ordering InformationL991360 Tungsten bar phantom

Imbedded lead plates with hole matrixfor geometry tests of gamma camerasfor planar scintigraphy

FeaturesEnable users to perform geometric tests on gammacameras

Four phantom types with different hole diameters areavailable

The QUASI 3 orthogonal hole phantom is used for con-stancy tests of single crystal gamma cameras for planarscintigraphy. They enable users to test the spatial resolu-tion, linearity and image scale. The phantoms are basedon a lead plate of 3 mm thickness, which is supplied witha matrix of parallel holes. The hole distance is 8 mm andthe hole diameter is 1.6 mm, 2.4 mm, 3.2 mm or 4.0 mm,depending on the phantom type. The effective viewingarea is 560 mm by 420 mm. The weight is approx. 13 kg.

Ordering InformationL991148 QUASI 3 Orthogonal hole phantom,

hole diameter 1.6 mm

L991149 QUASI 3 Orthogonal hole phantom,hole diameter 2.4 mm



L991280 QUASI 3 Orthogonal hole phantom,hole diameter 4.0 mm, with 8 marked holes

L991281 QUASI 3 Orthogonal hole phantom,hole diameter 5.0 mm, for Siemens E.CAM

Tungsten Bar Phantomfor Gamma Camera QC

QUASI 3 OrthogonalHole Phantoms

20

Nuclear Medicine: Radiation Monitoring

21

Radiation Monitoring

Radiation Monitoring Equipment

Contamination Monitor 23

Contamination Monitor Accessories 23

STEP Survey Meter 24

BLEEPER Personal Monitor 24

DMC 2000 Personal Dosemeter 25

LDM Dosemeter Readers 25

Stationary Monitoring Systems 26

Nuclear Medicine: Radiation Monitoring

22

Radiation Monitoring

Radiation Protection ConsiderationsAccording to the international ICRP 60 standard1 radiationexposure to humans has to be as low as reasonably achiev-able (ALARA principle). Furthermore, the ICRP requirescontrol of risk in the case of potential exposures andobservance of certain dose limits.

The available radiation monitoring equipment is quitemultifarious depending on the differing characteristics ofa multitude of beam qualities and dose rate ranges as wellas the variety of measuring tasks. The equipment is usedfor highly sensitive measurement of natural backgroundradiation or for dose level measurements of artificial radi-ation sources such as nuclear research laboratories,nuclear power plants and medical irradiation units.

The control of potential radiation expositions and themeasurement of radiation loads to persons working inareas of exposure risk are basic requirements of radiationprotection procedures. PTW supplies radiation monitoringequipment that helps persons in charge to meet theserequirements.

1 ICRP 60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission onRadiological Protection. Report #60

Radiation protection dosimetryMobile monitors

Surfaces in radionuclide laboratories such as nuclearmedicine laboratories are monitored by the large areacontamination monitor. The portable STEP dosemeter enables the user to moni-tor radiation levels in the environment, e.g., in the sur-roundings of radiation emitting units.

Personal Dosemeters

A variety of pocket-sized and light-weight digital radiation monitors are available for continual personaldosimetry to safeguard all personnel against the hazardsof ionizing radiation.

Stationary Monitors

Rooms and most occupied places can be permanentlymonitored using a computer based monitoring station towhich various kind of detectors can be connected.Different configurations are available. The systems areable to show and record continually the level of radia-tion, pressure, air temperature and humidity. Hand-foot-clothes monitors for checking staff body surfaces arealso available.

Nuclear Medicine: Radiation Monitoring Equipment

Monitor with plastic scintillator for ra-dioactive contamination measurement ofsurfaces in nuclear medicine laboratories

FeaturesUtilizes a large size thin-layer plastic scintillationdetector

Does not require detector gas filling or gas flow

Measures alpha, beta and gamma radiation using onedetector

Provides data logging and data transfer via an RS232 interface

Radiation protection regulations require that everybodyworking with unsealed radioactive materials must bechecked regularly to determine whether work areas, pro-tective clothing or body surfaces have become contami-nated. The portable contamination monitor model CoMo170 measures alpha, beta and gamma contamination witha high degree of sensitivity, utilizing a thin plastic scintil-lation detector of 170 cm2 measuring area. This detectortype causes less operating expenses and repair costs com-pared to proportional detectors with Xenon gas-filling orgas flow. A background subtraction function withadjustable background measurement time is included. Themeasuring results are presented on an illuminated large-area graphical LC display. The measurement is menu-prompted, and the measuring data are stored internally.The built-in RS232 interface and optional software makeit possible to read and process the data. The monitor isoperated by size AA batteries or by rechargeable batteries.A radioactive check device, external probes and optionalaccessories are available.

Ordering InformationL991221 Contamination monitor model CoMo 170

Contamination Monitor Accessories page 23

Optional wall mounts, floor controldevice and radioactive check device forcontamination monitor

FeaturesHelpful tools for extended use of the contaminationmonitor

The radioactive check device checks monitor function

Wall mounts accommodate the monitor for stationary use

The floor control device simplifies floor checks

The optional radioactive check device with an activity ofonly 200 Bq 90Sr is suitable checking the proper perform-ance of the contamination monitor.

For stationary use, the monitor can be accommodated bya wall mount device. The operating staff is able to checktheir hands for radioactive contamination using the sta-tionary monitor or to remove the monitor for surfacechecks of clothing or other subjects. Two types of wall sta-tions are available: a passive wall mount, which justaccommodates the monitor, and an active wall mount,which includes a voltage supply and a light barrier thatactivates the start of measurements. The active wallmount comes with an inductive voltage supply for 230Vmains voltage and a direct cable connection for 115Vmains voltage.

The mobile floor control device with guide rod andaccommodated contamination monitor is used for easycontamination checks of floor areas.

Ordering InformationL991222 Radioactive check device 200 Bq 90SrL991223 Stationary wall mount, passiveL991224 Stationary wall mount, active

(mains voltage 115V or 230V has to be specified)L991225 Floor control device

Contamination Monitor page 23

ContaminationMonitor

ContaminationMonitor Accessories

23


Compact portable ion chamber doseme-ter for dose and dose rate measurementsof X and gamma radiation

FeaturesServes for protection level dosimetry in a wide energyrange of 6 keV to 7.5 MeV of X-rays and gamma rays

Displays the reading on a backlit LCD

Shows very low energy and directional dependence

Provides wide measuring ranges for radiationprotection levels:

Dose: (2 ... 2000) µSv

Dose rate: 2 µSv/h ... 2mSv/h

Measures continuous and pulsed radiation

The approved STEP survey meter is used for protectionlevel dosimetry in nuclear medicine laboratories and inthe environment. Nuclear medicine therapy patients canbe checked before release. The instrument is based on a600 cm3 large volume ionization chamber, which provideshigh precision and a wide range of health physics meas-urements. The wall reinforcement cap can be removed forlow energy measurements down to 6 keV. The unit is pre-pared for chamber volume air density corrections. Thechamber can be separated from the display unit andlocated at a distance of 1.5 m by using the standard exten-sion cable or up to 15 m by using the optional extensioncable. The background-illuminated LCD display shows themeasuring result in large characters and on a bar graph aswell as the operating conditions. The STEP basic set comeswith a battery operated display unit, a measuring probeincluding wall cap, a mountable handle and a carryingcase.

Deliveries to non-EU destinations require an exportlicense from the German Federal Office of Economics andExport Control (BAFA).

Ordering InformationL991160 STEP survey meter

OptionL178025 probe extension cable, 15 m

Personal pocket-sized radiation monitor

FeaturesSuitable for personal X and gamma radiation protection measurements

Provides audible dose rate indication and generatesone bleep per 15 minutes in a natural background

Two types are available:

BLEEPER III, 45 keV ... 6 MeV, audible dose rate indication

BLEEPER Sv Sw, 45 keV ... 6 MeV, audible dose rateindication and display of accumulated dose (1 ... 999999) µSv on an LCD, reset function.

The BLEEPER is a simple robust pocket radiation monitorfor safeguarding all personnel against the hazards of X and gamma radiation. The available dose rate indica-tion gives immediate warning when entering a higherradiation level. The BLEEPER slips easily into a pocket andis held firmly by a strong clip. A quiet series of "clicks"from the loudspeaker indicates that the instrument isoperating correctly. The BLEEPER is battery operated. Itstypical operating lifetime using standard batteries is morethan one year. A change in bleep length indicates that thebatteries need replacing.

Ordering InformationL991005 BLEEPER III Personal MonitorL991032 BLEEPER Sv Sw Personal Monitor

STEPSurvey Meter

BLEEPER Personal Monitor

24


Electronic personal dosemeters forHp(10) and Hp(0.07) readouts ofgamma, beta and X-radiation

FeaturesHighly sophisticated multi-functional personal radia-tion monitors based upon modern detector technology

Measure the radiation quantities Hp(10) and Hp(0.07)according to ICRP

Small size and light weight

The DMC 2000 personal dosemeters are modern digitalmonitors for personal radiation protection measurements.The nominal useful energy range for gamma radiation is60 keV to 6 MeV (model S) and 20 keV to 6 MeV (modelsX and XB). The mean energy of beta particles may varyfrom 60 keV to 3.5 MeV (model XB). All dosemeters pro-vide direct readout of dose equivalents Hp(10) and modelXB in addition Hp(0.07). The easy-to-read LC display canshow dose and dose rate values. All DMC 2000 dosemetersare battery operated and feature audible and visual alarmsand history memories. The optional software DosiMasscan be used to read out the memory and to configure theinstruments. Several readers for this purpose are available.The dosemeter models S and X are PTB approved and canbe delivered with an official German authority calibration.A radioactive check device is available upon request.

Ordering Information L991370 DMC 2000 S Electronic personal dosemeter

60 keV to 6 MeV (gamma and X-rays)

L991371 DMC 2000 X Electronic personal dosemeter20 keV to 6 MeV (gamma and X-rays)

L991372 DMC 2000 XB Electronic personal dosemeter20 keV to 6 MeV (gamma and X-rays) and 60 keV to3.5 MeV (beta)

S150005/S150006 DosiMass software in German/English(LDM reader required)

LDM Dosemeter Readers page 25

Readers for memory read out and configuration of DMC 2000 personaldosemeters

FeaturesConnect contactless to the personal dosemeters

Available with RS232, USB, PCMCIA and LAN interface

Work together with DosiMass software

The readers LDM 210, LDM 220, LDM 230 and LDM 2000are especially designed to read-out the personal dose-meters of the DMC 2000 series. With the softwareDosiMass not only the memory can easily be read out butalso the device can be configured. The wall-mountedreader LDM 2000 allows the convenient read-out just bypassing by and it features a LAN interface. For standardapplications small-sized readers which connect to anRS232, USB or PCMCIA interface are also available. Allreaders connect contactless to the dosemeters with a nom-inal range of up to 30 cm (LDM 2000 1.2 m w/o and 2.4 mwith an optional external antenna). The readers can alsobe used for access control and therefore feature relatedindicator lamps. Depending on the desired application,additional software might be necessary.

Ordering Information L991374 LDM 210 RS232 dosemeter readerL991375 LDM 220 USB dosemeter readerL991376 LDM 230 PCMCIA dosemeter readerL991377 LDM 2000 LAN dosemeter readerS150005/S150006 DosiMass software in German/English

DMC 2000 Personal Dosemeter page 25

DMC 2000Personal Dosemeter

LDM DosemeterReaders

25


Environmental monitoring systems for radiation, air temperature, pressure and humidity measurement

TAM Environmental radiation monitoring systemEnvironmental radiation monitoring can easily be man-aged by the TAM system. Each rack can control eightmeasurement points equipped with different kinds ofdetectors like GM, NaI(Tl), proportional (Xenon) and evenneutron detectors like BF3. The rack communicates withcontrol software (WinTam) that can collect data on a data-base, visualize each point state and manage statistics andreports.

TAM/S Stand-alone radiation monitoring systemIt is a stand-alone measuring point, which has its owncontrol unit that is able to measure environment radiationlevels, detect the overcoming of settable threshold andprint alarm issues on paper. It can be connected easily to aTAM networking system if needed.

TAM STACK Air monitoring system The TAM STACK air monitoring system is designed tomeasure the radiation levels in air. It coordinates air suc-tion at all single test points according to a pre-arrangedsequence and records the radiation level measurementresults by WinTam software.

ESM Air temperature, pressure and humidity moni-toring system The ESM system enables the user to continually check theenvironmental parameters (relevant air temperature, pres-sure differences and humidity) in various rooms. In par-ticular, the system displays data coming from differentdetectors in real-time.

CMS 60 D / CMS 60 XD Hand-foot-clothes monitors Hand-foot-clothes monitors are mandatory instrumentsfor checking operator body surfaces in every area of beta-gamma radioisotopes contamination hazards.

Ordering Information upon request

StationaryMonitoring Systems

26

Nuclear Medicine: PET Laboratories

27

PET Laboratories

PET Lab Equipment

Hot Cells 29

Dispensing Systems 31

Waste Management 32

Cyclotron Bunker Equipment 32

Hot Lab Accessories 33

28

Nuclear Medicine: PET Laboratories

PET Laboratories

Radiation Protection against the hazards of radioisotopeshas been an important issue in clinics since the 1930’s,when nuclear medicine became a known diagnostic andtherapeutic method in the world of medicine. For years, itwas sufficient to only protect personnel against radiation,as the radiopharmaceutical substances were imported toclinics in aseptic packages.

In conjunction with the fast growing PET modality,nuclear medicine sites have started producing the PETsuitable radiopharmaceuticals “in house” by using a minicyclotron dedicated mainly for production of positronemitting isotopes, such as 18F. Synthesizers are needed toget the fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), a suitable PET radio-pharmaceutical for patient application and diagnostic PETscanning.

For isotope handling and for in-house pharmaceuticalproduction, nuclear medicine departments require special-ized hot cell equipment. Hot cells are actually the cleanrooms in a clinical size. The word hot comes from the highamount of activity which a cell should accept. This is whythey are enforced with layers of lead for shielding. Therequired lead thickness is not only dependent on the activ-ity but also on the energy of the radioisotopes which areutilized in the hot cell. A commercial cell dedicated for 18Fradioisotope handling has a shield of about 75 mm lead,while cells which are used for production of Molybdenum(mainly 99mTc generators) would require 150 mm lead tick-ness.

Thanks to absolute filtering, internal surface quality andthe use of laminar flow techniques, the hot cells are easilyclassified according to the internationally agreed GoodManufacturing Practice (GMP) rules.

Hot cells not only work as shielding barriers against theradiation, but also as small clean rooms which can provideaseptic and clean media to synthesize, produce, investi-gate, manipulate and dispense the radiopharmaceuticals.They are typically placed in classified labs in such a way asto have a logical, stepwise arrangement of air cleanlinessgrade. Synthesis and research cells usually are qualifiedfor class B conditions inside, while the dispensing cellswork in a pure class A internal environment.

A lead glass window or two cameras combined with anLCD monitor help the operator to have a complete view ofthe whole working area inside the cell. Required telema-nipulators or gloves can simply be mounted at the cellfront side to enable the operator to work with the highestflexibility and safety.

The use of dedicated radiopharmaceutical dispensingmachines, integrated in hot cells, provides reliable andsterile dose fractioning. By this, easy and fast bolus prepa-ration under safe conditions both from radioactive andbiological points of view are assured. Depending on theworkload and level of restriction, users can select a fullyautomatic or a semi-automatic dispensing machine.

With solutions for all radiation protection needs, PTWoffers highly shielded doors for cyclotron bunkers, anautomatic delivery system for radioisotope delivery to thecells, and a video monitoring and recording system to do apatrol run and human presence detection inside thebunker before the cyclotron beam is switched on.

Water treatment plants are the last loop of the radiationprotection chain. Liquid and organic radioactive waste,coming from the diagnostic and radiotherapy wards, iscollected in special tanks. This makes it possible to havenot only a degradation of sewage, but also to gain a wait-ing time for radioactive decay before the depleted waste isreleased to the public sewage system. A radiation monitor-ing system is able to manage and record the whole processin a fully automatic mode.

Nuclear Medicine: PET Lab Equipment

PTW-Freiburg represents TEMASinergie, Italy, with respect to PET Lab equipment

Product LineShielded Hot Cells for synthesis modules

Single, double, research cells

Manipulation cells with laminar flow

Airtight, unshielded/shielded manipulation cellsCells for sterile dispense and PET/NM handling68Ga manipulation cell

Dispensing Hot Cells

Cells for automatic and semi-automatic vial dispensing with and without autoclave

Working benches with laminar flow

Microbiologic security benchBench for nuclide generators

Semi-automatic / Automatic dispensing stations

Stations for syringes, vials and combined system

Environmental monitoring systems

Local and central radiation monitoring systemsAir monitoring systemsContamination monitors

Nuclear medicine accessories

Vial and syringe shieldingShielded containers and safes

Waste management system for diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine

Cyclotron bunker equipment

Shielded sliding and revolving doorsRadioisotope supply systemSafety control system

Product InformationFor more detailed product information please, visit ourwebsites at www.ptw.de or www.temasinergie.it.

TerritoriesSince the territories are restricted where PTW-Freiburgmay deliver, please let us know the intended final destina-tion of the TEMA products you are interested in.

Synthesis hot cells for PET radioisotopes to work according toGMP1 compliant condition

SMC1 and SMC2 Synthesis Hot Cells The SMC Hot Cells are designed to accommodate com-pletely automatic synthesis modules that do not requiremanipulation during synthesis, assuring high radioprotec-tion standards for the operators. Cleanliness and airtight-ness are ensured by inflatable seals, ventilation, absolutefiltering and internal surface quality which guarantee FDGproduction in accordance with GMP procedures. SMC1 and SMC2 differ in size.

SMC DOUBLE Synthesis Hot CellThe SMC DOUBLE Hot Cell is suitable for accommodatingtwo synthesis modules in two independent shielded boxes.The cell enables the user to produce PET radiopharma-ceuticals by assuring high radioprotection standards forthe operators, aseptic conditions and high radioprotectionstandards for the environment, both for gas and particu-late emissions in accordance with GMP procedures.

THC Synthesis Research Hot CellThe THC Hot Cell for research purposes has been designedto provide the highest flexibility required for the develop-ment and set-up of new synthesis processes. It assures ahigh radioprotection level for the operators and the envi-ronment as well as aseptic conditions inside the box. The cell is equipped with accesses for manipulation, anacrylic panel with gloves, an internal sliding lead glass, an air-tight transfer system with double door and a liftwhich guarantee the production under GMP conditions.

1 GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice according to valid international regulations


PET Lab Productsfrom TEMA Sinergie

Hot Cells forSynthesis Modules

29


Manipulation hot cells for PET/SPECTradioisotopes to work in GMP-compli-ant conditions

NMC/DDS-VF Manipulation Hot CellThis is a vertical laminar flow shielded cell specificallydesigned for preparing FDG doses of PET diagnostic andconventional nuclear medicine isotopes both manuallyand automatically produced in accordance with GMP procedures. The high efficiency of HEPA filters togetherwith the vertical laminar flow assure a Class A environ-ment and high sterility conditions. A lead glass window isinstalled on the door for a complete sight of the wholeworking area. When opening the shielded door, an acrylicpanel is closing the box airtight, which enables the opera-tor to install disposable kits in airtight conditions easily.

NMC1/50-50 FDG Manipulation Hot CellThis hot cell is designed for radionuclide and radiopharma-ceutical storage and manipulations required in nuclearmedicine, assuring easy dose preparation under safe conditions both from radioactive and biological point of view. Radiopharmaceuticals manipulation is performedin accordance with GMP procedures thanks to a laminarflow ventilation system (biohazard), absolute filtering andinternal surface quality. In particular airtightness assuredby inflatable seals guarantees the highest safety conditionsfor those operators who handle volatile or gaseous radio-pharmaceuticals.

NMC VF Manipulation Hot CellThis hot cell enables the user to store and manipulateradiopharmaceutical gamma and beta emitters under alaminar flow ventilation system. It allows patient dosespreparation granting high levels of radioprotection bothfor personnel and environment together with the highestoperating functionality according to GMP procedures. Anactuated carrousel for a 99mTc generator, shielding for adose calibrator with automatic lift and two removablecontainers for solid waste are options.


Manipulation hot cell speciallydesigned for use of 68Ga radiotracers

NMC 68-GA Manipulation Hot CellThe airtight laminar flow hot cell model NMC 68-GA for the manipulation of Gallium-68 radiotracers is a vertical laminar flow shielded cell. It is specificallydesigned to handle the Gallium-68 complete preparation(elution, synthesis, dispensing). The cell is suitable forboth square and cylindrical shape 68Ga generators andcan house different commercial 68Ga synthesis modulemodels. Syringe can be dispensed manually or automati-cally through the automatic dose drawing station modelµDDS-A Dispenser.

All these functions allow a high personnel security standard and the preparation of 68Ga labeled radiophar-maceutical doses in sterility conditions.

The high purity level of the air in the manipulation areaguarantees Class A environment and product sterility. Thelaminar flow isolator has a frontal shielded hinged door. Alead glass window is installed on the door for a completeview at the whole working area. When you open theshielded door, an acrylic panel closes the box airtightly,which enables the user to easily perform a synthesizer“cold” manipulation in airtight condition.

The cell is equipped with two airtight double doorprechambers for material introduction and extraction bykeeping internal and external environment completelyseparated: One prechamber is used for the 68Ga generator housing (upto two units can be placed according to the generatorsdimensions). The second prechamber is used for disposablematerial introduction (synthesizer kits, dispenser kits,syringes, and so on) and for labeled preparation extraction.


Manipulation Hot Cellswith Laminar Flow

Manipulation Hot Cellfor 68Ga Handling

30


Dispensing hot cells for PET radioisotopes to work according toGMP-compliant conditions

DTC CRP Compact Dispensing Hot CellThis Hot Cell is a shielded dispensing system that allowsperforming semi-automatic vial dispensing of registeredradiopharmaceuticals in safe, reliable and sterile condi-tions suitable for class C labs. It is composed of a dispens-ing isolator model DTC (shielded with 75 mm lead), pro-viding a Class A dispensing area with local laminar flow, a Class B background with turbulent airflow and a Class Cdouble door airtight vented prechamber, which togetherensure GMP conditions.

The airtight duct with double door for vial extraction, theteletong for manipulation in hot conditions, the connec-tions for a VHP vaporized hydrogen peroxide generatorand for microbiological particle counters as well as theautomatic systems for pressures balancing complete thevial dispensing system.

DTC CRP AU Dispensing Hot CellThe cell design is based on the same concept as DTC CRPCompact, but it is focused on the production with finalautoclaving. Thanks to the integrated autoclave modelAUT 1500, the cell could be installed in Class D labs.

The autoclave is used for terminal sterilization of filledvials by performing a whole cycle of vial sterilization inless than 15 minutes. AUT 1500 does not need any wait-ing time between each cycle, ensuring constant availabil-ity of vials and efficient management of sterilization.


Automatic and semi-automatic dispensing machines for vials andsyringes

µDDS-A DispenserThe µDDS-A semi-automatic dose drawing station enablesthe operator to dispense PET and SPECT radiopharmaceu-ticals safe and quick into a shielded syringe or vial with-out any intervention. The dose drawing station can beplaced into certified laminar flow shielded cells modelNMC1/50-50 FDG and NMC/DDS-VF or any other cell ofadequate dimensions.

CRP DispenserThanks to an automatic crimping system, the CRP dis-pensing machine enables the operator to fill opened vials(no piercing of the septum) in a safe and quick procedure,compliant to GMP conditions. The unit is suitable for anylaminar flow hot cell with dose calibrator pit and tele-pliers. It is included into the supply together with PC,GAMP41 and 21CFR Part. 112 compliant software, LCDmonitor, isotope calibrator and a printer for printing leadcontainer labels and reports.

DDS-SYRINGE DispenserThis is a completely automatic, GMP-compliant dispens-ing machine for syringes without requiring any interven-tion of the operator. It can be installed into any laminarflow hot cell with adequate dimensions.

DDS-VIALS DispenserThis is a completely automatic, GMP-compliant dispens-ing machine for vials without requiring any operatorintervention. It can be installed into any laminar flow hotcell with adequate dimensions.

1 GAMP4: Good Automated Manufacturing Practice, Version 42 21CFR: US-American Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 21


Dispensing Hot Cells RadiopharmaceuticalsDispensing Stations

31


Waste treatment plant for diagnosticand therapeutic nuclear medicinedepartments

LRD-LRT Waste treatment plant The LRD-LRT system is suitable for the collection of liquidand organic radioactive waste coming from the diagnosticand radiotherapy wards. It provides for biological degra-dation of sewage before it is collected in the decay tanksfor storage until the end of the required decay time. Thesystem checks and records waste data and carries outradioactive waste discharges in exemption conditionsaccording to the requirements in force.

TAM DEC Waste disposal system for PET centers TAM DEC systems are small plants to drain contaminatedliquids with short-life radioisotopes such as 18F and 11C.The system is needed in those facilities where dedicatedwaste disposal plants for conventional nuclear medicineor metabolic therapy do not exist.

Two versions are available:TAM DEC 1: System without biological tanks for PET radiopharmaceuticals production centers to beconnected to showers and decontamination basins.

TAM DEC 2: System with Imhoff biological tanks(solid sewages separation) for PET diagnostic wards to be connected to hot WCs, showers and decontami-nation basins.


Shielded doors and automatic isotope delivery and safety systems forcyclotron vaults

PSF-CCB Shielded sliding doorThis shielded sliding door is the ideal solution for bunkerswith unshielded cyclotrons or vault with maze. The "plug-door", moved to the cyclotron bunker access opening by remote control, is made of a concrete block slidingorthogonally to the doorway. It is composed of floor-builttracks and iron casing with double bearing metal wheelsfor heavy loads.

PSH1-CB Shielded revolving doorThis shielded hinged door is the ideal solution for bunkerswith self-shielded cyclotrons. The door is equipped withan inflatable seal that assures airtightness of the cyclotronvault.

RAD Radioisotope supply systemRAD is a system of automatic valves which are Ethernet-controlled by dedicated software that manages sending ofpredefined boluses of activity from the cyclotron to theselected hot cell without the necessity of any manualswitching operations in order to minimize the dead timebetween cyclotron runs.

RBS Safety control systemThe bunker control and safety system RBS provides videomonitoring and recording by using a closed-circuit tele-vision system inside the bunker. By adding a patrol runand human presence detection, the system allows thecyclotron beam to be switched on only if nothing is moving inside the bunker.


Radioactive WasteManagement Systems

Cyclotron BunkerEquipment

32


All kinds of shielding for vials,syringes, refrigerators, storage andwaste containers

BL-T Workbench for target maintenance The BL-T consists of a working surface in stainless steelwith a supporting frame of painted steel. A mobile shieldmodel BBS2 (Eq. Pb = 20 mm) can slide on the workbench.The lower part of the bench, contained in the supportingframe, is open and provided with shelves.

CRS Radioactive waste containersCRS is used to store solid radioactive waste. It is made of stainless steel and alternatively shielded with 2, 5 or 10 mm lead plates. Two types of 20 and 75 liters volumeare available both supplied with a footswitch.

ARS Shielded cabinet for storage / FRS refrigerator The ARS shielded cabinet is suitable for safe storage ofsmall-size sources, radioactive phantoms, radiopharma-ceuticals, etc. All internal trimmings are made of stainlesssteel. The external surface is made of steel painted withdecontaminable epoxy resins. The FRS shielded refrigera-tor allows safe storage of radiopharmaceuticals that haveto be kept at low temperature, maintaining similar fea-tures of model ARS.

CT Shielded containers These mobile containers are designed for storage andtransport of radioactive sources.

SSS Shielded safe Lockable shielded safe with four sliding drawers, fullylined with stainless steel and suitable for storage of small-size radioactive sources.

SSI Syringe shieldLead or tungsten syringe shields of different sizes with orwithout lead glass window.


Hot LabAccessories

33

Nuclear Medicine: Product Index

34

Product IndexµDDS-A dispenser 31Absorber 9Air monitoring system 26Animal PET phantom 16ARS shielded cabinet 33ATW3 transportation cart 19Bar phantom 20BLEEPER personal monitor 24BL-T workbench 33Bunker equipment 32CMS 60 monitors 26CoMo 170 contamination monitor 23Contamination monitor 23CRP dispenser 31CRS radioactive waste container 33CT shielded containers 33CURIEMENTOR 3 7CURIEMENTOR 4 7, 8Cyclotron bunker equipment 32Cylinder phantom 13DDS-SYRINGE dispenser 31DDS-VIALS dispenser 31Dispensing hot cell 31Dispensing stations 31DMC 2000 personal dosemeter 25Dose calibrator 7, 8Dosemeter reader 25DosiMass software 25DTC CRP hot cells 31Dynamic heart phantom 16Emission phantom 14, 15Environmental radiation monitoring system 26ESM monitoring system 26Flood phantom 18Floor control device 23Floor shield 19FP47 flood phantom 18FP67S flood phantom 18FP73 flood phantom 18FRS shielded refrigerator 33Hand-foot-clothes monitor 26Heart phantom 16Holding frame 19Hole phantom 20Hot cells 29, 30, 31Hot cells for synthesis modules 29Hot lab accessories 33HR67S holding frame 19Isotope calibrator 7, 8Label printer 10LDM dosemeter reader 25Lead absorber 9Lead shielding 9Liner 9LRD-LRT waste treatment plant 32Lung equivalent insert 15Manipulation hot cell 30

NMC hot cells 30Orthogonal hole phantom 20Personal dosemeter 25Personal monitor 24PET animal phantom 16PET CURIEMENTOR 4 8PET cylinder phantom 13PET emission phantom 14, 15PET sensitivity phantom 13Plastic liner 9Positioning cart 19Printer 10PSF-CCB shielded sliding door 32PSH1-CB shielded revolving door 32PW67S positioning cart 19QUASI 3 20RAD radioisotope supply system 32Radiation monitoring system 26Radioactive check device 8, 23Radioactive waste container 33Radioactive waste management system 32Radioisotope supply system 32Radiopharmaceuticals dispensing stations 31RBS safety control system 32Revolving door 32Safety control system 32Sensitivity phantom 13Shielded cabinet 33Shielded containers 33Shielded safe 33Shielded transportation cart 19Shielding device 19Sliding door 32SMC DOUBLE hot cell 29SMC1, SMC2 synthesis hot cells 29SPECT emission phantom 14SPECT standard phantom 17SSI syringe shield 33SSS shielded safe 33Standard SPECT phantom 17Stationary monitoring system 26STEP survey meter 24Stickers 10Survey meter 24Synthesis hot cells 29Syringe shield 33TAM DEC waste disposal system 32TAM, TAM/S, TAM STACK 26THC synthesis research hot cells 29Thyroid uptake neck phantom 17Transportation cart 19Tungsten bar phantom 20Uptake neck phantom 17Wall mount for CoMo 170 23Waste container 33Waste management system 32Workbench for target maintenance 33

Product Page Product Page

Nuclear Medicine: Item Number Index

35

Item Number IndexItem # PageL178025 24L178048 10L502076 10L522020 14L971001 8L981108 7L981141 7L981142 7L981144 7L981602 15L981605 15L981606 14L981607 14L981946 8L991005 24L991032 24L991056 10L991148 20L991149 20L991150 20

Item # PageL991151 20L991160 24L991204 13L991205 13L991206 18L991211 18L991214 19L991215 19L991220 17L991221 23L991222 23L991223 23L991224 23L991225 23L991253 19L991254 19L991255 19L991256 18L991280 20L991281 20

Item # PageL991356 16L991357 16L991358 16L991359 17L991360 20L991370 25L991371 25L991372 25L991374 25L991375 25L991376 25L991377 25S150005 25S150006 25T33003.1.110 9T33003.1.130 9T33003.1.132 9T33003.1.140 9T43004.1.012 15

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Australia Australia and New Zealand

Europe Austria Belarus Belgium

Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece

Hungary Iceland Italy Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania

Russia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

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Documents

08672 Nucl.Med engl 7/08