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8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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BIOKIMIA SISTEMENDOKRIN METABOLIK
Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.Biomed
Departemen Biokimiani!er"ita" Ha"an#ddin
Maka""ar
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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SKDI SISTEM ENDOKRIN,METABOLIK, DAN NUTRISI
Da$tar Pen%akitNo Kemamp#an Tin&katKelenjar Endokrin1. Diabetes melitus tipe 1 4A2 Diabetes melitus tipe 2 4A3 Diabetes melitus tipe lain (intoleransi glukosa akibat penyakit lain atau obat-obatan) 3A4 Ketoasidosis diabetikum nonketotik 3B5 iperglikemi !iperosmolar 3B" ipoglikemia ringan 4A# ipoglikemia berat 3B$ Diabetes insipidus 1% Akromegali& gigantisme 11' De isiensi !ormon pertumbu!an 111 iperparatiroid 112 ipoparatiroid 3A13 ipertiroid 3A14 irotoksikosis 3B15 ipotiroid 2
1" *oiter 3A1# iroiditis 21$ Cushing's disease 3B1% Krisis adrenal 3B2' Addison's disease 121 +ubertas prekoks 222 ipogonadisme 223 +rolaktinemia 124 Adenoma tiroid 225 Karsinoma tiroid 2
Gizi dan Metabollisme2" ,alnutrisi energi-protein 4A2# De isiensi itamin 4A2$ De isiensi mineral 4A2% Dislipidemia 4A3' +or iria 131 iperurisemia 4A
32 besitas 4A33 /indrom metabolik 3B
Da$tar Pen%akitNo Kemamp#an Tin&kat
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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SOAL LATIHAN 1:
Jalur yang dialami glukosa dalam metabolisme tubuhyang benar adalah …
A. Glukosa dikatabolisme melalui glikolisis menjadi 2asam piruvat dan 2 asetil KoA
B. Glukosa disimpan sebagai glikogen melaluiglikogenolisis
C. Glukosa dikonversi menjadi asam lemak melalui
proses lipogenesisD. Glukosa dikonversi menjadi asam amino melaluiproses sintesis protein
. Glukosa menjalani jalur !"#$shunt yang disebut juga jalur heksosa pos%at
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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SOAL LATIHAN 3:
&ang tidak sesuai dengan hormon glukagon
A. "enginakti%kan adenilat siklase
B. Counterregulatory terhadap insulinC. "eningkatkan 'A"# sebagai se'ondmassenger
D. "erangsang proses glikogenolisis
. "enghambat proses glikogenesis
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Si&na'in& (% thene#roendo)rine "%"tem
Ne#rona' "i&na'"
0le tri al signalseurotransmittersa mi rometer
Endo)rine "i&na'"
ormones se reted into t!e bloodstream& A meter or so
Bot! neurotransmitters and !ormones intera tit! spe i i re eptors.
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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T*o &enera' me)hani"m" o$hormone a)tion
Peptide and amine hormone"
ast+lasma membrane re eptor 0 e tors6 intra ellular signaling
*ene e7pression
Steroid and th%roid hormone"
/lo er 0nter t!e ells
u lear re eptors6 trans ription a tor *ene e7pression
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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In"#'in A small protein, 5.8 kDaImportant in glucose metabolism
,ature insulin A larger pre ursorpreproin"#'in
8emo e a 23 aa signal
se9uen e
ormation o t!reedisul ide bonds
Proin"#'in
8emo e t!e : peptide
Mat#re in"#'in A and B !ains.
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Proteo'%ti) pro)e""in& o$ the pro+opiome'ano)ortin POM-pre)#r"or
a long polypeptide t!at undergoeslea age
a series o spe i i proteases
A:
β - and γ -lipotropinα -& β -& and γ -,/:;
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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-ate)ho'amine hormone"
/ater "o'#('e
Epinephrine adrena'ineNorepinephrine noradrena'in
eurotransmitters6 neurons
ormones6 adrenal glands
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Ei)o"anoid hormone"
+ara rine
Pro"ta&'andin"
:ontra ting smoot! mus le+ain& in lammation
Antiin lamatory drugs
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Steroid hormone"
0ndo rine tissues& adrenal orte7
:yto !rome +-45'
0'#)o)orti)oid":arbo!ydrate
Minera'o)orti)oid"0le trolytes
Te"to"teroneE"tro&en/e7ual de elopment/e7ual be!a ior 8eprodu ti e un tions
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The major endo)rine &'and"
H%potha'am#"
:oordination enter 8egulatory !ormones
Pit#itar% &'andia blood essels and neurons
Po"terior pit#itar%eurons rom !ypot!alamus
Anterior pit#itar%ypot!alami !ormones in blood
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The major endo)rine "%"tem" and their tar&et ti""#e"
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Ne#roendo)rine ori&in" o$hormone "i&na'"
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Ne#roendo)rine ori&in" o$hormone "i&na'"
!e !ypot!alamus-pituitarysystem.
Anterior pit#itar%8eleasing a tors into a blood
essel .!e anterior pituitary releases t!e
appropriate !ormone.
Po"terior pit#itar%ormones synt!esi=ed in neurons
arising in t!e !ypot!alamus.
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T*o hormone" o$ thepo"terior pit#itar% &'and
O1%to)in a ts on t!e smoot!mus le o t!e uterus andmammary gland& ausing uterine
ontra tions during labor andpromoting milk release duringla tation.
2a"opre""in (also alledantidiureti !ormone) in reases
ater reabsorption in t!e kidneyand promotes t!e onstri tion o
blood essels& t!ereby in reasingblood pressure.
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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-a")ade o$ hormone re'ea"e
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Spe)ia'i3ed meta(o'i) $#n)tion" o$ mamma'ian ti""#e"
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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$
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Meta(o'i) path*a%" $or&'#)o"e 4+pho"phate inthe 'i!er
:arbo!ydrates& proteins& atsBroken do n
ats in epit!elial ellstria ylgly erol ( A*)
Blood apillaries to t!e li er
K#p$$er )e''" 6 immuneHepato)%te" 6 trans orm dietarynutrients into uels andpre ursors
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Meta(o'i"m o$ aminoa)id" in the 'i!er
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Meta(o'i"m o$ $att% a)id" inthe 'i!er
!e li er is a distributionenter.
Adi )% " $ *hi di " i""#
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Adipo)%te" o$ *hite adipo"e ti""#e
Adi )% " $ *hi d ( * di " i""#
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Adipo)%te" o$ *hite and (ro*n adipo"e ti""#e
BA 6 mito !ondria are prominent. !ermogeni
>A 6 larger and ontain a single !uge lipid droplet. /tore and supplyatty a ids
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Di"tri(#tion o$ (ro*nadipo"e ti""#e in a ne*(ornin$ant
At birt!& !uman in ants !a e bro nat to prote t t!e ma?or bloodessels and t!e internal organs.
!is bro n at re edes o er time&so t!at an adult !as no ma?orreser es o bro n adipose.
I "#'i ' ti i th 'i! 5 Th * ''+$ d "t t
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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In"#'in re'ation in the 'i!er5 The *e''+$ed "tate
alorie-ri ! meal -glu ose& atty a ids& andamino a ids enteringli er.
In"#'in - glu ose uptakeby tissues.
/ome glu ose - e7portedto brain& adipose& mus letissue.
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Th d ) i "%"t $ th
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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The endo)rine "%"tem o$ thepan)rea"
E1o)rine )e''" 6digesti e en=ymes int!e orm o =ymogens
:lusters o endo)rine)e''" & t!e islets o;anger!ans.
!e islets ontain α & β &
and γ ells& ea ! elltype se reting a spe i ipeptide !ormone.
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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0'#)o"e re'ation o$ in"#'in "e)retion (% pan)reati) β )e''"
blood &'#)o"e le el upglu ose uptakeglu ose "-p!osp!ase
6ATP7 #p
losing K8
)hanne'"Depolari=ingoltage-gated :a 2 !annels
open:a 2 lo6-a 98 7 #p
in"#'in re'ea"e by e7o ytosis
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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ATP+&ated K 8 )hanne'" in β )e''"
(a) !e o tameri stru ture6 our identi al Kir4.9 "#(#nit" and our S R:(sul onylurea re eptor) subunits
(b) !e stru ture o t!e Kir".2 portion o t!e !annel. !ree K ions (green)are s!o n in t!e region o t!e sele ti ity ilter.
S#'$ %'# i d #&"
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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S#'$on%'#ria dr#&"
ype 2 diabetes mellitusBinds to /C81:losing t!e !annels& stimulating insulin release
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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The $a"tin& "tate5 the &'#)o&eni) 'i!er
A ter some !ours it!out a meal0'#)a&on rom pan reas
gly ogen @ glu ose
&'#)oneo&ene"i"amino a ids rom proteins inmus le.gly erol rom A*s in adiposetissue.
atty a ids - ketone bodies @ ot!ertissues& t!e brain.
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;#e' meta(o'i"m in the 'i!er d#rin& pro'on&ed $a"tin& or in
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;#e meta(o i m in the i!er d#rin& pro on&ed $a tin& or in#n)ontro''ed dia(ete" me''it#"
A ter depletion o stored
arbo!ydrates& protein" be ome an importantsour e o glu ose (1 to 4).
atty a ids rom adipose
tissue - ketone (odie" -t!e brain (5 to $).
P'a"ma )on)entration" o$ $att% a)id" &'#)o"e and ketone
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P a ma )on)entration o$ $att% a)id , & #)o e, and ketone(odie" d#rin& the $ir"t *eek o$ "tar!ation
&'#)o"e E do n
ketone (odie" E upan energy sour eduring a long ast.
;att% a)id" annotser e as a uel or t!ebrainF t!ey do not
ross t!e blood-brainbarrier.
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Dia(ete"
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Dia(ete"
4< o$ the S pop#'ation
T%pe : dia(ete" Autoimmune destru tion o pan reati β ells
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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O(e"it% and the re'ation o$ (od% ma""
Body mass inde7 (B,
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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O(e it% )a# ed (% de$e)ti!e eptin prod#)tion
o(=o( mi)e & no leptinate more oodless a ti e& "# g
o(=o( mi)e
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H%potha'ami) re'ation o$ $oodintake and ener&% e1pendit#re
Adipo"e > 'eptin
Leptin re)eptorin ar)#ate n#)'e#" o$ h%potha'am#"
Appetite + ;#e' intake + do*nEner&% "pendin& > #p
S%mpatheti) ner!o#" "%"tem
B'ood pre""#re, heart rate,thermo&ene"i"
Heat
H " h ) ' i &
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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Hormone" that )ontro' eatin&
;eptin - adipose tissue
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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The ?AK+STAT me)hani m o$ eptin i&na tran d#)tion inthe h%potha'am#"
;eptin binding - dimeri=ation o t!eleptin re eptor
IAK - yr p!osp!orylation o 8 .
/ A @ p-8 @ dimeri=ation @nu leus @ trans ription - eedingbe!a ior and energy e7penditure.
A po""i('e me)hani"m $or )ro""+ta'k (et*een re)eptor" $or
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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po ( e e) a $o ) o ta (et ee e)epto $oin"#'in and 'eptin
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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0hre'in
0hre'in+eptide !ormone rom stoma !
Appetite stimulant bet eenmeals
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SOAL LATIHAN 1:
Jalur yang dialami glukosa dalam metabolisme tubuhyang benar adalah …
A. Glukosa dikatabolisme melalui glikolisis menjadi 2asam piruvat dan 2 asetil KoA
B. Glukosa disimpan sebagai glikogen melaluiglikogenolisis
C. Glukosa dikonversi menjadi asam lemak melalui
proses lipogenesisD. Glukosa dikonversi menjadi asam amino melaluiproses sintesis protein
. Glukosa menjalani jalur !"#$shunt yang disebut juga jalur heksosa pos%at
8/19/2019 06. Biokimia Sistem Endokrin Metabolik (Dr. Marhaen Hardjo, Ph.D, M.biomed)
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SOAL LATIHAN 2:
Konversi asam amino alanin menjadi piruvat
merupakan bagian dari proses …..A. Glukoneogenesis
B. Glikogenolisis
C. #roteolisis
D. !"#$shunt
. Biosintesis urea
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SOAL LATIHAN 3:
&ang tidak sesuai dengan hormon glukagon
A. "enginakti%kan adenilat siklase
B. Counterregulatory terhadap insulinC. "eningkatkan 'A"# sebagai se'ondmassenger
D. "erangsang proses glikogenolisis
. "enghambat proses glikogenesis