Syllabus for PPT – 2014

¼ih-ih-Vh- ijh{kk 2014 gsrq ikB~;Øe½

SCIENCE

UNIT - 1 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND SOUND

1.1 Measurement, Motion & Force:

Measurement: Measurement in International system of Units (S.I.), Tool of measurement:Vernier callipers, screw gauge, Spherometer, Physical balance and stop watch.

Motion: Uniform and non uniform motion, Particle, Body, Distance, Displacement, Speed,Velocity, Acceleration, Retardation, Difference between velocity and speed.

Force: Mass and Weight, Inertia, Classification of force, Friction and Factors affecting friction,sliding and rolling friction, advantage and disadvantage of friction, ways and means of increaseand decrease of friction, importance of friction. Gravity and Gravitational force, Accelerationdue to gravity.

1.2 Work and Energy:

Work : Definition, work done by Constant force, Kinetic and potential energy.

Heat & Temperature: Thermometer, Conversion of temperature in Celsius, Fahrenheit andKelvin scale. Specific heat, Heat capacity, Calculation of specific heat by the method ofmixture, Change of state, Latent heat, cooling due to evaporation, humidity and specifichumidity, Heat expansion, Linear expansion, Superficial expansion, Volume expansion and itscoefficient.

1.3 Wave and Sound:

Waves: Nature of waves, types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), simple harmonic motion,amplitude, Time period, Wave length, Relation between – Velocities, Frequency & Wavelength.Sound: Nature of sound and its motion, range of hearing, ultrasonic waves and itsapplication.

UNIT - 2 MATTER – STRUCTURE & BEHAVIOR

2.1 Matter – Nature and Behavior

Classification of matter based on chemical constitution; elements, compounds and mixtures,types of mixture.

Solution: Homogenous and heterogeneous, Suspension and Colloid, Concentration of solution.

Atoms and Molecules: Dalton’s atomic theory, Modern atomic theory, atomic and molecularmass, The mole, law of constant proportion, calculation of percentage composition of elementsin simple compounds, determination of empirical and molecular formula in simple substances.

2.2 Structure of Atom:

Constituents of an atom (Electrons, Protons and Neutrons), Atomic number, Atomic mass,Discovery of Nucleus, Bohr’s Atomic model, Distribution of electrons in Shells (upto atomic

number 1-20), Valencey electrons and valencey, Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Radio activity,Radio isotopes and their application.

UNIT - 3 LIGHT, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

3.1 Light: nature of light, reflection of light, laws of reflection, reflection from plane and curvedsurface, image formation by plane convex and concave mirror, relation between focal lengthand radius of curvature, determination of focal length of concave mirror by single pin method,Relation between u-v-f. Refraction of light : Laws of refraction, refraction by glass slab,critical angle, total internal reflection, use of total internal reflection in daily life. Convergingand diverging lens, Definition of focal length and optical center, image formation by lens.Human eye, its defects and remedies. Comparison between photographic camera and humaneye. Construction, working, uses and way diagram of simple telescope and astronomicaltelescope.

3.2 Electricity and its effects: electric intensity, potential, potential difference, electric currentOhm’s law, Resistance, specific resistance, influencing factors, combination of resistances andrelated numerical examples. Thermal effect of current it’s use, calculation of power andelectrical energy. Chemical effects of electric current, Primary and secondary cells theirproperties and drawback, Leclanche cell, dry cell, lead accumulator cell.

3.3 Magnetic effect of current: Magnetic effect of current, Oersted experiment, electro magneticinduction, electric motor, working principle and use of generator, general studies of alternatingcurrent and direct current, electric discharge in gases, discharge tube, cathode rays, X-rays andtheir properties.

3.4 Magnetism: Magnet and it’s types, artificial magnet, methods of preparing of magnets,molecular theory of magnetism, demagnetization, magnetic keepers, magnetic lines of force andtheir properties. Terrestrial magnetism, magnetic storm, magnetic meridian, geographicalmeridian, relation between V, H, I and θ.

UNIT – 4 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS, CHEMICAL BONDING, REACTION &SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUND:

4.1 Periodic Classification of Elements:

A brief historical perspective of periodic classification of elements, Modern periodic law,modern Periodic table, Periodic Properties in period and in groups, metallic and non metallicelements, atomic size, ionization energy and electron affinity.

4.2 Chemical Bonding – Formation of Chemical Bonds, types of bonds-ionic and covalent bond,Electronegative and polar covalent compound, properties of ionic and covalent compound.

4.3 Chemical Reactions – Chemical reaction, Formula of simple compound, equation of simplechemical reaction and their balancing. Types of Chemical reactions – Combination,decomposition, displacement, Oxidation and reduction.

4.4 Rate of chemical reaction and chemical equilibrium:

Preliminary knowledge of rate of chemical reaction, Fast and slow chemical reactions,Reversible and irreversible chemical reaction. Reversible reaction and dynamic nature ofequilibrium, Acids and bases, pH scale, Exothermic and endothermic reactions.

4.5 Some important chemical compounds:

Method of production of washing soda, baking soda, bleaching powder and plaster of Paris.Preparation of building material-lime cement, glass and steel. Laboratory method of preparingalcohol and acetic acid. Properties and uses of some general artificial polymers, polythene,polyvinyl chloride, Teflon. Soap and detergents.

UNIT – 5 NATURAL RESOURCES:

5.1 Metals: Position of metals in the periodic table and general properties. Metal, mineral ore,Difference between mineral and ore. Metallurgy-concentration, roasting, smelting, refining ofores, Metallurgy of copper and Iron, Corrosion of metals, Alloys.

5.2 Nonmetals: Position of nonmetals in the periodic table, preparation, properties and uses ofhydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

5.3 Coal and petroleum: Coal and petroleum as natural resources, Carbon and its compound,destructive distillation of coal. Petroleum its fractional distillation carbon tetravalency andcatenation.

5.4 Hydrocarbon: Structure and classification of saturated and un-saturated hydro carbons,Homologous series, Isomerism. Preparation and properties of methane, Ethane and Ethylene.

5.5 Source of Energy : Conventional and new sources of energy, source of solar energy, causes oforigin of energy in the sun, solar heating devices, solar cooker, solar cell, wind energy, biogas,fossil fuels, ideal fuel, properties of ideal fuel, Nuclear energy, nuclear Fission, Fusion, chainreaction, nuclear reactor, uses and harms of nuclear energy.

UNIT - 6 OUR ENVIRONMENT

6.1 Biosphere: Definition, Ecosystem and Biosphere, structure of eco system, food chain, foodweb, trophic level, function of an eco-system, energy flow, Biogeochemical cycle of carbon andnitrogen, Biomass, biodiversity and its importance.

6.2 Pollution : Causes of soil, water, air and sound pollution and their control. Ecological balance,natural resources uses and conservation of renewal and nonrenewable resources- water, soil andair conservation, green house effect, acid rain, depletion of ozone layer, biodegradable and nonbiodegradable materials.

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MATHS

UNIT – 1 ALGEBRA

1.1 Rational Number & Expressions – Rational numbers, irrational numbers, Decimalrepresentation of rational numbers, Properties of Rational numbers, Meaning of rationalexpressions. Addition, subtraction, multiplication of rational numbers and expressions,Factorization of expression involving cyclic factors.

1.2 Surds – Rationalization of surds, real numbers and properties of set of real numbers, Law ofRadicals, Comparison of surds, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and division of surds,Rationalization of Monomial and Binomial surds.

1.3 Indices - Laws if indices, Important concepts on law of indices, Definition and laws oflogarithms, logarithms to base 10, characteristic and mantissa, antilogarithm, use of table inall types of calculation.

1.4 Ratio and Proportion – Ratio and Proportion, Componendo, Alternendo, Invertendo andtheir applications.

1.5 Polynomials – Introduction on real numbers, degree of a polynomial, sum, difference, productand division of polynomials.

1.6 Quadratic Equations – Meaning and standard form of quadratic equation: ax2+bx+c=0, a 0,Solution of quadratic equation (i) By factorization method (ii) By formula method,Discriminate of the quadratic equation and nature of the roots.

Application of quadratic equation: Application involving quadratic equation from severalarea, Solution of equations reducible to quadratic form factorization of quadratic polynomialsby using quadratic formula.

1.7 Arithmetic Series – Meaning, nth terms of arithmetic series, sum of nth terms and arithmeticmean.

1.8 Linear Equation - Solution of linear equations in two variables and their application.

UNIT – 2 TRIGNOMETRY

2.1 Trigonometric ratios: sin A, cos A, tan A, cot A, Sec A, cosec A.

2.2 Trigonometric ratios of 0º, 30º, 45º, 60º and 90º.

2.3 To find trigonometric ratios of 0º, 30º, 45º, 60º and 90º by Geometrical method.

2.4 Trigonometric equations: (0º<θ<90º)

2.5 Measurement of angle in different system degree, grade and radian, Relation between arc,radius and central angle.

2.6 Trignometrical Identities:- Meaning of trigonometrical identities.

2.7 Problems on height and distance.

UNIT – 3 GEOMETRY

3.1 Fundamental concepts of Geometry: Introduction, point, line and plane incidence propertiesof point and lines.

3.2 Different theorems and/or axioms and their converse: of Straight line and angles,Congruence of Triangles, Locus and sum inequality relation in a triangle, Parallelograms,Linear Symmetry – Symmetrical figured, axioms based on linear symmetrical pictures, SimilarTriangle and Circle.

UNIT – 4 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

Distance formula, section and mid-point formula.

Area of triangle, conditions for three points to be collinear, Centroid and Incentre oftriangle.

UNIT – 5 MENSURATION

5.1 Area of triangle and rectangle.

5.2 Area and circumference of circle, Area of sector of circle and length of arc of circle.

5.3 Area of four walls of cube and cuboids, surface area and volume of cube and cuboids.

5.4 Surface Area and Volume of prism, cylinder, cone and sphere.

UNIT – 6 STATISTICS

6.1 Statistics and its definition: Meaning of statistics in singular and plural sense, Raw Data.

6.2 Collection and presentation of Data, Arranging data in ascending and descending order,Variate, class-interval, class-size, class-mark, frequency of a class, cumulative frequency ofa class, class-limit, true class-limits, construction of cumulative frequency table, Inclusiveand Exclusive class.

6.3 Graphical representation of statistical data, frequency polygon, cumulative frequency curve,histogram.

6.4 Problem based on mean, median, mode and pie chart.

6.5 Preliminary knowledge of probability (based on single event only).

UNIT – 7 COMPUTER

7.1 Introduction, What is computer, working of computer, Basic structure of a computer,constituents of a computer.

7.2 Mathematical logic – Statement use of Venn diagram in logic, negative statement,conjunction, Disjunction, Implication, Biconditional, Truth table.

7.3 Binary digit system, change in binary number to decimal number and decimal number tobinary number.

foKku

Hkkx & 1 inkFkZ ds lkekU; xq.k/keZ ,oa /ofu %

1-1 ekiu] xfr ,oa cy &

ekiu % ekiu dh varjkZ"Vªh; i)fr (S.I.) ekiu ds ;a=] ofuZ;j&dSfyilZ] iSapekih] LQSjksehVj] HkkSfrdrqyk ,oa fojke ?kM+h A

xfr % leku ,oa vleku xfr] d.k] fi.M] nwjh] foLFkkiu] pky] osx] Roj.k] eanu] osx ,oa pky esa varjA

cy % nzO;eku ,oa Hkkj] tM+Ro] cyksa dk oxhZdj.k] ?k"kZ.k ,oa ?k"kZ.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] lfiZy,oa csyu ?k"kZ.k] ?k"kZ.k ls ykHk ,oa gkfu] ?k"kZ.k dks de djus ,oa c<+kus ds mik;] ?k"kZ.k dkegRo] xq:Ro ,oa xq:Rokd"kZ.k cy] xq:Roh; Roj.kA

1-2 dk;Z ,oa mtkZ %

dk;Z % ifjHkk"kk] vpj cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z] LFkSfrd ,oa xfrt mtkZ A

m"ek ,oa rki % FkekZehVj] lsfYl;l] QsjsugkbV ,oa dsfYou rkiekuksa dk ikjLifjd ifjorZu] fof'k"Vm"ek] m"ek/kkfjrk] feJ.k fof/k ls fof'k"V m"ek dh x.kuk A voLFkk ifjorZu] xqIr m"ek]ok"ihdj.k ds dkj.k BaMd gksuk] vknZzrk ,oa vkisf{kd vknzZrk A m"eh; izlkj] js[kh; izlkj]{ks=h; izlkj] vk;ru izlkj ,oa buds xq.kkadA

1-3 rjax ,oa /ofu A

rjax % rjax] rjax dh izd`fr] rjaxksa ds izdkj ¼vuqizLFk ,oa vuqnS/;Z rjaxsa½] ljy vkorZ xfr] vk;ke]vkorZdky] rjax nS/;Z] rjax osx] vko`fRr o rjax nS/;Z esa laca/k A

/ofu % /ofu dh izd`fr] /ofu dk lapj.k] Jo.k ijkl] ijkJO; /ofu ,oa blds vuqiz;ksxA

Hkkx & 2 nzO; % lajpuk ,oa O;ogkj

2-1 nzO; dh izd`fr ,oa O;ogkj %

nzO; dk jklk;fud laxBu ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k] rRo] ;kSfxd ,oa feJ.k] feJ.k ds izdkj

foy;u % lekaxh ,oa fo"kekaxh foy;u] fuyacu ,oa dksyk;M] foy;u dh lkanzrk A

ijek.kq ,oa v.kq % MkYVu dk ijek.kq fl)kar] vk/kqfud ijek.kq fl)kar] ijek.kq ,oa vk.kfod nzO;eku]eksy] fLFkj vuqikr dk fu;e] lk/kkj.k ;kSfxdksa esa rRo ds izfr'kr laxBu dh x.kuk djukA lk/kkj.kinkFkksZ esa ewykuqikrh lw= ,oa v.kqlw= dh x.kuk djukA

2-2 ijek.kq lajpuk %

ijek.kq ds vo;o ¼bysDVªku] izksVªkWu] U;wVªkWu½ ijek.kq la[;k] ijek.kq nzO;eku] ukfHkd dh [kkst] cksj dkijek.kq ekWMy] fofHkUu d{kkvksa esa bysDVªku dk forj.k ¼ijek.kq dzekad 1&20 rd ds rRoksa dkbysDVªkfud foU;kl½ la;ksth bysDVªku ,oa la;kstdrk] leLFkkfud] leHkkfjd] leU;wVªkfud] jsfM;ks/kfeZrk]jsfM;ks/kehZ leLFkkfud vkSj muds mi;ksx A

Hkkx & 3 izdk'k] fo|qr ,oa pqEcdRo

3-1 izdk'k & izdk'k dh izd`fr] izdk'k dk ijkorZu] ijkorZu ds fu;e] lery ,oa odz lrg ls ijkorZu]lery] mRry ,oa vory niZ.k }kjk izfrfcEc jpuk] Qksdl nwjh rFkk odzrk f=T;k esa laca/k] ,d fiufof/k }kjk vory niZ.k dh Qksdl nwjh Kkr djuk] u-v-f esa laca/k] izdk'k dk viorZu % viorZu dsfu;e] dkap ds xqVds }kjk viorZu] dzkafrd dks.k] iw.kZ vkarfjd ijkorZu] iw.kZ vkarfjd ijkorZu dknSfud thou esa mi;ksx] vfHklkjh ,oa vilkjh ySal] ifjHkk"kk Qksdl nwjh vkSj izdkf'kd dsUnz] ySal}kjk izfrfcEc jpuk] ekuo us=; blds nks"k ,oa fujkdj.k rFkk QksVks xzkfQd dSejs vkSj ekuo us= esarqyuk] ljy nwjn'khZ rFkk [kxksyh; nwjn'khZ] cukoV] mi;ksx] dk;Zfof/k ,oa fdj.k vkjs[k A

3-2 fo|qr vkSj blds izHkko % fo|qr rhozrk] foHko&foHkokarj] fo|qr /kkjk] vksg~e dk fu;e] izfrjks/k] fof'k"Vizfrjks/k] izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] izfrjks/kksa dk la;kstu ,oa blds vkafdd iz'u] fo|qr /kkjk dkm"eh; izHkko] bldh mi;ksfxrk] 'kfDr ,oa fo|qr mtkZ O;; dh x.kuk] fo|qr iz;ksx esa j[kh tkus okyhlko/kkfu;kW] fo|qr /kkjk dk jklk;fud izHkko] izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d lsy] buds xq.k&nks"k] ysdyk'khlsy] 'kq"d lsy] lhlk lapk;d lsy A

3-3 fo|qr /kkjk ds pqacdh; izHkko % fo|qr /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko] vksLVsZM dk iz;ksx] fo|qr pqacdh; izsj.k]fo|qr eksVj] tfu= dh dk;Z iz.kkyh fl)kar ,oa mi;ksx izR;korhZ /kkjk ,oa fn"V /kkjk dk lkekU;v/;;u A xSlksa esa fo|qr foltZu] foltZu ufydk] dSFkksM fdj.ksa] ,Dl fdj.ksa ,oa buds xq.k/keZ A

3-4 pqEcdRo % pqEcd ,oa blds izdkj] d`f=e pqEcd] pqEcd cukus dh fof/k;kW] pqEcdRo dk vk.kfodfl)kar] pqEcdh; fouk'k] pqEcdh; j{kd] pqEcdh; cy js[kk;sa o muds xq.k A Hkq&pqEcdRo %Hkw&pqEcdRo] pqEcdh; rwQku] pqEcdh; ,oa HkkSxksfyd ;kE;ksRrj] V,H, I ,oa θ esa laca/k A

Hkkx & 4 rRokas dk oxhZdj.k] jklk;fud ca/k] jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k;sa ,oa egRoiw.kZjklk;fud ;kSfxd %

4-1 rRoksa dk vkorhZ oxhZdj.k %

rRoksa ds vkorhZ oxhZdj.k dk ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{;] vk/kqfud vkorZ fu;e] vk/kqfud vkorZ lkj.kh] vkorZ,oa oxZ esa vkorhZ xq.k] /kkrq ,oa v/kkrq] ijek.kq vkdkj] vk;uu mtkZ] bysDVªku ca/kqrk A

4-2 jklk;fud vkca/ku % jklk;fud ca/k dk fuekZ.k] ca/k ds izdkj] oS/kqr la;ksth ,oa lgla;ksth ca/k] fo|qrla;ksth ,oa lgla;ksth ;kSfxdksa ds xq.k] fo|qr _.kkRed ,oa /kqzoh; lgla;ksth ;kSfxd

4-3 jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k;sa % jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k] ljy ;kSfxdksa ds lw=] lk/kkj.k jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k;sa ,oamudk larqyu] jklk;fud vfHkfdz;kvksa ds izdkj] ;ksxkRed] vi?kVu ,oa izfrLFkkiu vfHkfdz;k;sa]vkWDlhdj.k ,oa vip;u A

4-4 jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k dh nj ,oa jklk;fud lkE; % jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k dh nj dk izkjafHkd Kku] rhoz,oa en jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k;sa] mRdze.kh; ,oa vuqRdze.kh; jklk;fud vfHkfdz;k;sa] jklk;fud lkE; dhxfrd izd`fr] vEy ,oa {kkj] PH iSekuk] m"ek{ksih ,oa m"ek'kks"kh vfHkfdz;k;sa A

4-5 dqN egRoiw.kZ jklk;fud ;kSfxd % diM+s /kksus dk lksMk] [kkus dk lksMk] fojatd pw.kZ ,oa IykLVj vkWQisfjl dk xq.k ,oa mi;ksx] cukus dh fof/k] mRiknu] Hkou fuekZ.k laca/kh dqN inkFkksZ dk fuekZ.k %&pwuk] lhesaV] dkWp ,oa bLikr A ,sYdksgy ,oa ,flfVd vEy cukus dh iz;ksx'kkyk fof/kA dqN lkekU;d`f=e cgqyd] ikWyhFkhu] ikWyh foukbyDyksjkbM] VsQ~yku] lkcqu ,oa viektZd dk xq.k ,oa mi;ksx A

Hkkx & 5 izkd`frd lalk/ku %

5-1 /kkrq,W % vkorZ lkj.kh esa /kkrqvksa dh fLFkfr ,oa lkekU; xq.k A /kkrq [kfut] v;Ld [kfut ,oa v;Ldesa varj A /kkrq deZ % v;Ldksa dk lkanz.k] fuLrkiu] HktZu] izxyu ,oa 'kks/ku A dkWij ,oa vk;ju dk/kkrqdeZ] /kkrqvksa dk la{kkj.k] feJ /kkrq,W A

5-2 v/kkrq,W % vkorZ lkj.kh esa v/kkrqvksa dh fLFkfr ,oa lkekU; xq.k] gkbMªkstu] ukbVªkstu ,oa vkWDlhtudh iz;ksx'kkyk fof/k] xq.k ,oa mi;ksx A

5-3 dksy ,oa isVªksfy;e % izkd`frd lalk/ku ds :i esa dkcZu ,oa mlds ;kSfxd A dks;ys dk Hkatd vklou]isVªksfy;u dk izHkkth vklou] dkcZu dh prq%la;kstdrk ,oa dkcZu dh J`[kyu {kerk A

5-4 gkbMªksdkcZu % lajpuk ,oa oxhZdj.k] lar`Ir ,oa vlar`Ir] ltkrh; Js.kh] leko;ork] esFksu] ,sFksu],fFkyhu cukus dh fof/k ,oa xq.k A

5-5 mtkZ ds L=ksr % mtkZ ds uohu L=ksr ,oa ikjaikfjd L=ksr] lkSj mtkZ dk L=ksr] lw;Z esa mtkZmRifRr ds dkj.k] lkSj rkiu ;qfDr;kW] lksyj dqdj] lksyj lsy] iou mtkZ] ty mtkZ] ck;ks xSl]thok'e bZa/ku] vkn'kZ bZa/ku ds xq.k/keZ] ukfHkdh; mtkZ] ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu] lay;u] J`a[kyk vfHkfdz;k]ukfHkdh; fj,DVj] ukfHkdh; mtkZ ds ykHk ,oa gkfu;kWA

Hkkx & 6 gekjk i;kZoj.k %6-1 tSo eaMy % ifjHkk"kk] ikfjfLFkfrd ra= ,oa thoeaMy] ikfjfLFkfrd ra= dh lajpuk] [kk| J`a[kyk] [kk|

tky iks"k.k Lrj] ifjra= ds dk;Z] mtkZ izokg dkcZu ,oa ukbZVªkstu dk tSo jklk;fud pdz] tSo Hkkj]tSo fofo/krk ,oa egRo A

6-2 iznw"k.k % e`nk] ty] ok;q] /ofu iznw"k.k ds dkj.k] jksdFkke ,oa fu;a=.k A ikfjfLFkfrd larqyu] izkd`frdlalk/ku] uohuhd`r] vuohuhd`r lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx ,oa laj{k.k A ty] e`nk ,oa ok;q dk laj{k.k] xzhugkml izHkko] vEyh; o"kkZ] vkstksuirZ dk {kj.k] ck;ksfMxzscy ,o ukuck;ksfMxzscy inkFkZ A

xf.kr

Hkkx & 1 cht xf.kr &1-1 ifjes; la[;k ,oa O;atd & ifjes; ,oa vifjes; la[;kvksa dk T;kferh; fu:i.k bu la[;kvksa dk tksM+]

?kVko] xq.kk] Hkkx ij lafdz;k;sa A ¼n'keyo ds :i esa½ ifjes; O;atd & vFkZ] ifjes; O;atdksa dktksM+uk] ?kVkuk] xq.kk djuk] pdzh; xq.ku[kaM Kkr djuk A

1-2 dj.kh & dj.kh ,oa dj.kh dk ifjes;dj.k] okLrfod la[;k;sa] dj.kh fpUg] dj.kh fpUg ds fu;e]dj.kh ij lafdz;k;sa ¼rqyuk] ;ksx] varj] xq.kk] Hkkx½ ,d inh; ,oa f}inh; dj.kh dk ifjes;dj.kA

1-3 ?kkrkad & ?kkrkad ds fu;e ,oa buds vuqiz;ksx ¼iw.kkZad] ifjes; ?kkr lfgr½

y?kqx.kd dk vFkZ buds fu;e ,oa vuqiz;ksx ¼iw.kkZa'k ,oa viw.kkZa'k½] izfr y?kqx.kd dk vFkZ A

1-4 vuqikr ,oa lekuqikr & vuqikr ,oa lekuqikr dh ifjHkk"kk] ;ksxkuqikr] varjkuqikr] ,dkarjkuqikr]O;qRdzekuqikr vkfn o muds vuqiz;ksx A

1-5 cgqin & ifjHkk"kk ,oa ifjp; ¼okfLrfod la[;kvksa ij½ cgqin ds ?kkr] cgqinksa dk ;ksx] O;dyu]xq.kuQy] HkkxQy] 'ks"kQy izes; ,oa xq.ku[kaM izes; A

1-6 oxZ lehdj.k & oxZ lehdj.k dk vFkZ o ekud :i ax2+bx+c, a 0 xq.ku[kaM fof/k] oxZ lehdj.k dkfofDrdj ,oa ewyksa dh izd`fr A oxZ lehdj.k ds vuqiz;ksx & oxZ lehdj.k dk fofHkUu {ks=ksa esavuqiz;ksx] oxZ lehdj.k esa ifjofrZr gks ldus okys lehdj.kksa dk gy] lw= dh lgk;rk ls oxhZ;cgqinksa dk xq.ku[kaM djuk A

1-7 lekarj Js.kh & ifjHkk"kk] lekarj Js.kh dk O;kid in ¼noka in½ rFkk n inksa dk ;ksxQy A lekarje/; A

1-8 jSf[kd lehdj.k & nks pj jkf'k;ksa dk jSf[kd lehdj.k gy djus dh fof/k;kW] lehdj.kksa dh laxrrk,oa bldk vuqiz;ksx A

Hkkx & 2 f=dks.kfefr &

2-1 f=dks.kferh; fu"ifRr;kW] T;k ¼sinA½] dksT;k ¼cosA½]Li'kZT;k ¼tanA½] O;qRdze T;k ¼cosecA½] O;qRdzedksT;k ¼secA½] O;qRdze Li'kZT;k ¼cotA½

2-2 0] 30] 45] 60] 90 va'k dks.kksa ds fy;s f=dks.kferh; vuqikrksa dk eku A

2-3 f=dks.kferh; fu"ifRr;ksa dk :ikarj.k ,oa ml ij vk/kkfjr iz'u A

2-4 f=dks.kferh; lehdj.kksa ds gy ¼0 ls 90 va'k ds chp esa½ A

2-5 f=dks.kfefr ds dks.kksa dh ekif"Vd] 'kfDrd ,oa o`Rrh; i)fr] pki&f=T;k ,oa dsUnzh; dks.k esa laca/k A

2-6 f=dks.kfefr; loZlfedk;sa & f=dks.kfefr loZlfedk dk vFkZ A

2-7 mWpkbZ ,oa nwjh ds laca/k esa iz'u A

Hkkx & 3 T;kfefr3-1 vk/kkjHkwr T;kferh; vo/kkj.kk;sa % ifjp;] fcUnq] js[kk ,oa lery

3-2 ljy js[kk vkSj dks.k] f=Hkqt dh lokZaxlerk] fcUnq iFk] lekUrj prqHkqZt] js[kh; lefefr] le:if=Hkqt] o`Rr ds laca/k esa fofHkUu izes;ksa ,oa@vFkok vfHkxzghrksa ¼Lo;a fl)½ vkSj muds foykse A

Hkkx & 4 funsZ'kkad T;kfefrnks fcUnqvksa ds chp dh nwjh] js[kk[kaM dk vuqikfrd foHkktu ¼foHkktu lw=½] f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy] rhufcUnqvksa ds lejs[k dk izfrca/k ¼'krZ½A f=Hkqt dk dsUnzd o var%dsUnzA

Hkkx & 5 {kss=fefr &5-1 f=Hkqt ,oa prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy A

5-2 o`Rr dk {ks=Qy o ifjf/k] o`Rr ds f=T;k[kaM dk {ks=Qy ,oa pki dh yackbZ A

5-3 ?ku] ?kukHk ,oa pkjksa nhokjksa dh vo/kkj.kk] ?ku o ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy o vk;ru A

5-4 fizTe] csyu] 'kadq ,oa xksyk dk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy ,oa vk;ru A

Hkkx & 6lkaf[;dh &

6-1 lkaf[;dh dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk & lkaf[;dh dk ,d opu o cgq opu ds :i esa vFkZ] dPps vkadM+s]lkaf[;dh dh lkjHkwr fo'ks"krk;ssa A

6-2 vkadM+ksa dk laxzg.k ,oa izLrqfrdj.k vkjksgh ,oa vojksgh dze esa vkadM+ksa dks fy[kuk] lkfj.kh c) :i]vko`fRr ,oa vko`fRr forj.k lkfj.kh dk Kku] oxZ lhek] oxZ fpUg] oxZ la[;k] oxhZdj.k esa lko/kkfu;kW,oa fof/k] vko`fRr forj.k lkfj.kh rS;kj djuk] lap;h vko`fRr lkj.kh rS;kj djuk] lekos'kh ,oavlekos'kh oxksZ dk Kku ,oa cnyuk

6-3 lkaf[;dh vkadM+ksa dk xzkQ esa izLrqrhdj.k] vk;r fp= vko`fRr] lap;h vko`fRr cgqHkqt] lap;h vko`fRr]odz ¼rksj.k½ ,oa budk vkys[k.k A

6-4 ek/;] ehfM;u] eksM ,oa ikbZpkVZ ij iz'u A

6-5 izkf;drk dk izkjafHkd Kku ¼dsoy ,d ?kVuk ij vk/kkfjr½

Hkkx & 7dEI;wVj7-1 ifjp;] vFkZ] dk;Z] dEI;wVj dk izfr:i o lajpuk A

7-2 xf.krh; rdZ & dFku osu vkjs[k dk rdZ esa iz;ksx] fu"ks/kkRed lafdz;k] ewyHkwr rkfdZd la;kstd rFkkla;qDr dFku muds fu"ks/kkRed eku ds lkFk] lR;rk lkj.kh A

7-3 f}vk/kkjh vadu i)fr] lafdz;k;sa f}vk/kkjh dk nk'kfed esa ,oa nk'kfed dk f}vk/kkjh esa ifjorZu A

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